Eca 2014 - Civil Services Mains 2014 Course - 900+ Q&a (200-100 Words)

ECA 2014 1
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ECA 2014 2

1. WHAT IS BANKING CORRESPONDENTS MODEL? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM BRICKS & MORTAR
MODEL? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SWABHIMAAN & CONTRIBUTION OF BUSINESS
CORRESPONDENTS TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL INCLUSION? [200 WORDS]
2. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM FINANCIAL INCLUSION? DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF
SAMPOORN VITTEYEA SAMAVESHYAN & ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN BRINGING FINANCIAL
INCLUSION? [200 WORDS]
3. WHAT IS NATURAL GAS? ENUMERATE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR GAS PIPELINE FAILURE IN
INDIA? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO PREVENT SUCH FAILURES? [200 WORDS]
4. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES BEING FACED BY INDIAN
TEXTILE INDUSTRY? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE OUR TEXTILE INDUSTRY GLOBALLY
COMPETITIVE? [200 WORDS]
5. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM BLUE ECONOMY? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS
PRINCIPLES? IT IS TIME FOR US TO FOCUS OUR ATTENTION FROM GREEN ECONOMY TO BLUE
ECONOMY CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
6. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA?
DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS THESE
PROBLEMS? THE STRUCTURAL REFORMS ARE THE NEED OF HOUR TO PROVIDE LONG TERM
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF INDIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
7. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS FOR POWER SECTOR CRISIS IN INDIA? THE POLICY OF CROSS
SUBSIDIZATION DOES MORE HARM RATHER THAN BENEFITTING POWER SECTOR COMMENT?
[200 WORDS]
8. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM DECLARED GOODS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS WHICH DEALS WITH ISSUE OF DECLARED GOODS? AVIATION
TURBINE FUEL SHOULD BE DECLARED AS DECLARED GOODS TO MAKE CIVIL AVIATION
INDUSTRY VIABLE? [ 200 WORDS]
9. ENUMERATE THE REASONS WHY 26% FDI LIMIT FAILED TO REVIVE INDIAN DEFENCE SECTOR? DO
YOU THINK 100% FDI SHOULD BE ALLOWED IN INDIAN DEFENCE MANUFACTURING TO MAKE
INDIA SELF SUFFICIENT? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF SUCH DECISION? [ 200
WORDS]
10. EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY BAMBOO SECTOR IN INDIA? DESCRIBE THE
SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION AND ITS ROLE IN REMOVING SUCH
CONSTRAINTS? [ 200 WORDS]
11. WHAT IS PRIMARY MARKET? HOW PRIMARY MARKET DIFFERS FROM SECONDARY MARKET?
DESCRIBE THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY SEBI TO REVITALIZE PRIMARY MARKET IN INDIA? [ 200
WORDS]
12. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS? HOW DOES OPEN
MARKET OPERATIONS FUNCTION? WRITE SHORTLY ON ITS ROLE IN REGULATING MONEY
SUPPLY IN THE MARKET? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 3

13. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS?
14. WHAT IS FARM FORESTRY? WRITE SHORTLY ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FARM FORESTRY? [2000
WORDS]
15. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY JHUM CULTIVATION? HOW JHUM CULTIVATION IS PRACTIZED?
DISCUSS THE VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF SHIFTING AGRICULTURE? ADD A NOTE
ON THE ROLE OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN SHIFTING CULTIVATION AREAS
[WDPSDA] IN REDUCING THE IMPACTS OF JHUM CULTIVATION? [200 WORDS]
16. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GOOD GOVERNANCE? DESCRIBE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD GOVERNANCE? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STRATEGIES THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED IN
ENSURING GOOD GOVERNANCE? ADD A NOTE ON GOOD GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES IN
INDIA.(200 WORDS)
17. WHAT IS POLAVARAM PROJECT? DO YOU THINK POLAVARAM PROJECT SHOULD BE
IMPLEMENTED? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF
POLAVARAM PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
18. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MAHATMA GANDHI PRAVASI SURAKSHA YOJANA? [100 WORDS]
19. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF PRADHAN MANTRA SWASTHYA SURAKSHA YOJANA
(PMSSY)? (100 WORDS )
20. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM HINDU RATE OF GROWTH? DO YOU THINK THAT
WE ARE GOING BACK TO HINDU RATE OF GROWTH? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [
200 WORDS]
21. WHAT IS E-AGRICULTURE? HOW DOES E-TECHNOLOGY HELP THE FARMERS? ADD A NOTE ON
CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES TO E-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
22. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM DUMPING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE? HOW ANTI-
DUMPING DUTY DIFFERS FROM NORMAL CUSTOMS DUTY? EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE AND
LEGAL FRAMEWORK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTI- DUMPING IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
23. WHAT IS PURCHASING POWER PARITY? HOW IS P.P.P CALCULATED? HOW NOMINAL GDP
DIFFERS FROM GDP BASED ON P.P.P? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF P.P.P? [200
WORDS]
24. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM ROYALTY PAYMENT? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ROYALTY PAYMENTS BY INDIAN FIRMS? SHOULD ROYALTY
CEILING BE RE-IMPOSED? CRITICALLY ANALYZE? [ 200 WORDS]
25. EXPLAIN THE KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS & PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS?
WHY PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS NEED TO BE REFORMED? THE SEPARATION OF THE POST OF
CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR INTO TWO WILL HELP PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS TO MAKE
THEM COMPETITIVE WITH PRIVATE BANKS. CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]
26. WHAT IS CROWDFUNDING? HOW CROWDFUNDING DIFFERS FROM CROWDSOURCING?
ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF ALLOWING CROWDFUNDING IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
27. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY INCREMENTAL CAPITAL OUTPUT RATIO? HOW I.C.O.R IS
CALCULATED? EXAMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF I.C.O.R IN ASSESSING A COUNTRYS CAPITAL
EFFICIENCY? [200 WORDS]
28. WHAT IS EU BLUE CHIP INITIATIVE? COMPARE IT WITH US GREEN CARD INITIATIVE? IN THE
GLOBALIZED WORLD, THE MOVEMENT OF HIGHLY SKILLED PROFESSIONALS IS VERY IMPORTANT
POLICY TOOL TO CREATE GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. CRITICALLY ANALYZE
THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 4

29. WHAT IS MARKET STABILIZATION FUND? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF M.S.F SCHEME?
HOW DOES MARKET STABILIZATION FUND HELP RESERVE BANK OF INDIA TO STERILIZE AND
STABILIZE THE ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
30. WHAT ARE PARTICIPATORY NOTES ? WHY P NOTES ARE ALSO CALLED AS OFFSHORE
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENT? HOW PARTICIPATORY NOTES CONTRIBUTES TO MONEY
LAUNDERING? ADD A NOTE ON PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH P- NOTES IN INDIA? [ 200
WORDS]
31. WHAT IS SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX? HOW IS IT MEASURED? ECONOMIC GROWTH INVARIABLY
LEADS TO SOCIAL PROGRESS. DO YOU AGREE WITH THE STATEMENT? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER
WITH HELP OF SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014? [200 WORDS]
32. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DIRECT TAX CODE? WHY IT IS NEEDED? DISCUSS THE SALIENT
FEATURES OF DRAFT D.T.C 2013? THE REVISED DTC 2013 WILL ENSURE TAX BUOYANCY IN INDIA
COMMENT? [300 WORDS]
33. WHAT ARE BASEL 3 NORMS? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS BASEL III GUIDELINES ISSUED BY R.B.I?
BASEL III NORMS ARE SIGNIFICANT IN THE BACKDROP OF UNCERTAIN GLOBAL ECONOMIC
SITUATION COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
34. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. GREEN BOX 2. BLUE BOX 3. AMBER BOX SUBSIDIES [200 words]
35. WHAT IS SPS AGREEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE? HOW SPS AGREEMENT DIFFERS FROM
TBT AGREEMENT? SPS AGREEMENT IS COMMONLY USED AS PROTECTIONIST MEASURE
RATHER THAN USING IT AS PROTECTION MEASURE CRITICALLY ANALYZE [300 WORDS]
36. WHAT IS FOOD PROCESSING? DISCUSS THE BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF FOO PROCESSING?
FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE RURAL LIVELIHOODS JUSTIFY?
[200 WORDS]
37. WHAT ARE RARE EARTH MINERALS? DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS USES OF RARE EARTHS?
WHY THEY ARE CALLED AS STRATEGIC MINERALS? RARE EARTHS ACT AS VITAMINS FOR
ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY JUSTIFY? [200 WORDS]
38. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT FUNDS? DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT FUNDS? ADD A NOTE ON SEBI GUIDELINES ON ALTERNATIVE
INVESTMENT FUNDS? [200 words]
39. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJCTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE OF SAKSHAM SCHEME? [200 WORDS]
40. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM INFLATION INDEXED BONDS? DISCUSS THE
VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INFLATION INDEXED NATIONAL SAVINGS
SECURITIES CUMULATIVE [IINSS-C]? [200 WORDS]
41. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INFLATION TARGETING? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF
INFLATION TARGETING? ADD A NOTE ON URJIT PATEL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ON
INFLATION TARGETING? [200 WORDS]
42. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM MONETARY POLICY? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS PROS
AND CONS? RESERVE BANK OF INDIA SHOULD MOVE FROM MULTI-VARIABLE TARGETING
APPROACH TO SINGLE-VARIABLE TARGET APPROACH IN FORMULATING MONETARY POLICY
[URJIT PANEL COMMITTEE] COMMENT [200 WORDS]
43. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES, PHASES AND COMPONENTS OF RNTCP PROGRAMME? ADD
A NOTE ON STOP TB STRATEGY? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 5

44. WATER SECURITY AND ENERGY SECURITY ARE INTERWINED AND INSEPARABLE FROM EACH
OTHER. JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER BY USING RECENTLY PUBLISHED WORLD WATER
DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014? [200 WORDS]
45. DEFINE MONEY LAUNDERING? HOW MONEY LAUNDERING IS BEING DONE? DISCUSS THE
SALIENT FEATURES OF PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT 2012? [200 WORDS]
46. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CASA RATIO? HOW CASA RATIO IS IMPORTANT FOR BANKS? ADD A
NOTE ON DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEMAND DEPOSITS AND TERM DEPOSITS? [200 WORDS]
47. DEFINE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES BEING FACED BY
MFI? SALIENT FEATURES OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION)
BILL 2012 [200 WORDS]
48. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM ASSET RECONSTRUCTION? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF
ASSET MANAGEMENY COMPANY IN TACKLING THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF BAD LOANS IN
INDIA? [200 WORKS]
49. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NON-PERFORMING ASSETS? HOW N.P.A ARE CLASSIFIED? WHAT ARE
THE CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF NPAs ON INDIAN ECONOMY? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO
REDUCE NPAs IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
50. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY PER DROP MORE CROP CONCEPT? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY INDIAN AGRICULTURE SECTOR? WHAT INDIA CAN LEARN FROM
ISRAELI MODEL OF FARMING? ADD A NOTE ON M.S SWAMINATHAN COMMITTEE
RECOMMENDATIONS ON MORE CROP PER DROP? [300 WORDS]
51. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1.CPSE Index 2.ESCROW ACCOUNT 3.BOKO HARAM 4. TIMBUKTU
52. WHAT IS REVERSE AUCTION? HOW REVERSE AUCTION DIFFERS FROM REGULAR AUCTION? ADD
A NOTE ON ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF REVERSE AUCTION? [200 WORDS]
53. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS? HOW IT OPERATES?
COMPARE ADR WITH GDR? ADD A NOTE ON INDIAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS [IDR]? [200 WORDS]
54. WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT [IPM]? HOW I.P.M WORKS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO PROMOTE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES? [200 WORDS]
55. WHAT IS HEDGE FUND? HOW HEGDE FUND DIFFERS FROM MUTUAL FUND? HOW 2 AND 20
MODEL AFFECTS INDIAN HEDGE FUND SECTOR? [200 WORDS]
56. WHAT IS EXCHANGE TRADED FUND? HOW EXCHANGE TRADED FUND DIFFERS FROM MUTUAL
FUND? ADD A NOTE ON INTRODUCING CPSE ETFs IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
57. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM CORPORATE GOVERNANCE? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
PRINCIPLES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE? CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
NORMS SHOULD BE DYNAMIC TO MEET THE CHALLENGES FACED BY PSUs? [200 WORDS]
58. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO INCREASE THE
PROCUREMENT OF FOODGRAINS SO THAT GOVT CAN ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF FOOD SECURITY
TO ALL? [100 WORDS]
59. WHAT IS ZERO BASE BUDGETING? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM DISCUSS THE VARIOUS ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES OF ZERO BASE BUDGETING? [200 WORDS]
60. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM SOLVENCY? HOW SOLVENCY IS CALCULATED? HOW
SOLVENCY DIFFERS FROM LIQUIDITY? THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLVENCY II NORMS IN INDIAN
INSURANCE SYSTEM WILL ENSURE EFFICIENCY & CONFIDENCE OF SHAREHOLDERS CRITICALLY
ANALYZE? [300 WORDS]

ECA 2014 6

61. WHAT ARE DEBENTURES? HOW DEBENTURES DIFFER FROM BONDS, LOANS, SHARES? ADD A
NOTE ON OPTIONALLY FULLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES? [300 WORDS]
62. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. SMS GATEWAY PROJECT 2. NATIONAL POLICY ON BIOFUELS
3.JATROPA MICRO MISSION 4. JABOBA PLANT VS JATROPA PLANT 5. NATIONAL BOARD OF
WILDLIFE 6. CARBON TAX
63. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE? HOW S.P.V IS CREATED? HOW S.P.V
DIFFERS FROM A COMPANY? ADD A NOTE ON ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
64. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. GREENWASHING 2. TRAGEDY OF COMMONS [50 WORDS EACH]
65. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE APPROACH IN CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY? [100 WORDS]
66. DEFINE MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES SECTOR? MSMEs ARE CONSIDERED AS
BACKBONE OF INDIAN ECONOMY COMMENT? ADD A NOTE ON STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO PROMOTE MSME SECTOR IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
67. DEFINE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. HOW CSR DIFFERS FROM CHARITY ACTIVITIES?
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND ISSUES INVOLVED IN C.S.R? GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON RECENTLY
NOTIFIED C.S.R GUIDELINES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA? [200 WORDS]
68. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1.HEINZ AWARDS 2. QUESTION HOUR 3.PROKASH KARMAKAR
4.JAPANS DRAFT ENERGY POLICY & SIGNIFICANCE 5.MISSISSIPPI RIVER 6.INDIA SAUDI ARABIA
TRADE COOPERATION
69. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM BITCOINS? DESCRIBE VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF IT? BITCOIN IS NOTHING BUT A FORM OF PONZI SCHEME- DO YOU
AGREE?-COMMENT [200 WORDS]
70. DO YOU THINK THAT THE CREATION OF NATIONAL HIGHWAYS CONNECTIVITY COMPANY LTD TO
MANAGE BORDER ROADS WILL END IN OVERLAPPING OF FUNCTIONS WITH BORDER ROADS
ORGANIZATION [BRO]? COMMENT [ 200 WORDS]
71. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION? WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH IT? DESPITE MANY RISK, C.A.C IS UNAVOIDABLE IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD
TO ACHIEVE HIGH ECONOMIC GROWTH-COMMENT? [300 WORDS]
72. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER NORMS & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [ 100
WORDS]
73. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM GREEN ECONOMY? GREEN ECONOMY PROVIDES
ALTERNATIVE, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH MODEL WHEN COMPARED TO PRESENT GDP BASED
ECONOMIC MODEL COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
74. WHAT ARE FRAGILE FIVE ECONOMIES? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR INCLUSION OF INDIA
IN FRAGILE FIVE GROUP? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE INDIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH?
[200 WORDS]
75. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MIDDLE INCOME TRAP? BRICS NATIONS ARE IN THE MIDST OF
MIDDLE INCOME TRAP COMMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
76. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON BHAVISHYA & ITS IMPORTANCE [ 100 WORDS]
77. INDIA IS NOT CONSIDERED AS A WEEKEND TOURISM DESTINATION JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER
BY USING RECENTLY PUBLISHED UNWTO REPORT? [ 200 WORDS]
78. WHAT IS CORE INFLATION? HOW CORE INFLATION DIFFERS FROM HEADLINE INFLATION?
ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR HIGH CORE INFLATION IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 7

79. WHAT ARE VIRTUAL CLUSTERS? HOW THEY DIFFER FROM GEOGRAPHICAL CLUSTERS? HOW
DOES VIRTUAL CLUSTERS CONCEPT HELP MSME SECTOR? [200 words]
80. BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF WORLD ECONOMIC SITUATION AND PROSPECTS REPORT
2014? [200 words]
81. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS RECESSION, PROTRACTED RECESSION AND DEPRESSION?
EURO ZONE IS COMING OUT OF PROTRACTED RECESSION SLOWLY BUT STEADILY COMMENT?
[ 200 WORDS]
82. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FINANCIAL INCLUSION? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY RBI
TOWARDS ACHIEVING FINANCIAL INCLUSION? [200 WORDS]
83. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME? ENUMERATE THE PROBLEMS IN
REGULATING SUCH SCHEMES? EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RECENT SEBI [AMENDMENT] BILL
2013 IN CONTROLLING IN PREVENTING THE OCCURRENCE OF FRADULENT CIS? [200 WORDS]
84. INDIA IS CONSIDERED AS LAND OF SPICES.DESPITE BEING A LARGEST PRODUCER, CONSUMER
& EXPORTER, INDIA FACES MANY CHALLENGES IN THE SPCIES PRODUCTION &
MICRONUTRIENTS OFFER SOLUTION TO THESE CHALLENGES CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
85. WHAT IS MEGA FOOD PARK SCHEME? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE?
MPFS CREATES A SYNERGY BETWEEN INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
86. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY RUPEE APPRECIATION? LIST OUT THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES OF RUPEE APPRECIATION ON INDIAN ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
87. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MEGHRAJ INITIATIVE? [100 WORDS]
88. ENUMERATE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY WIND POWER SECTOR IN INDIA?
DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL WIND ENERGY MISSION & ITS ROLE
IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF WIND ENERGY SECTOR? [200 WORDS]
89. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WHITE LABEL ATMs? HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM BROWN LABEL
ATMs? THE ESTABLISHMENF OF WHITE LABEL ATMs WILL LEAD TO FINANCIAL INCLUSION
COMMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
90. ENUMERATE THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO BOOST INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH? [100 WORDS]
91. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT VS FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT
92. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TOO BIG TO FAIL [TBTF] BANKS? DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS
GUIDELINES ISSUED BY RBI IN INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF TBTF BANKS CONCEPT IN INDIA?
BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE RECENT STRUCTURAL CHANGES PROPOSED IN EUROPEAN BANKING
SYSTEM WITH REGARD TO TBTF BANKS? [200 WORDS]
93. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SMILE WELLNESS PROGRAMME & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [ 50 WORDS]
94. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PONZI SCHEME? HOW PONZI SCHEME DIFFERS FROM PYRAMID
SCHEME? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF SEBI IN CONTROLLING PONZI SCHEMES? [200 WORDS]
95. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY QUANTITATIVE EASING? HOW IT INFLUENCES EMERGING
ECONOMIES LIKE INDIA? CAN INDIA FOLLOW QUANTITATIVE EASING POLICY LIKE USA
96. WHAT IS FED TAPERING? ENUMERATE THE REASONS WHY US HAS STARTED FED TAPERING?
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF FED TAPERING ON EMERGING MARKETS LIKE INDIA? [200
words]

ECA 2014 8

97. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY? HOW IT IS MEASURED? ANALYZE THE
NATURE OF GROWTH OF INDIAN ECONOMY SINCE POST-LIBERALIZATION PERIOD BY USING THE
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY? [200 WORDS]
98. COAL TYPES, MINING METHODS, APPLICATIONS OF COAL
99. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GMP]? GMPs ARE
ACTING AS HINDRANCE TO THE GROWTH OF INDIAS PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
CRITICALLY ANALYZE? [200 WORDS]
100. SME UNITS ARE PLAYING IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE GROWTH OF INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL
SECTOR COMMENT [200 WORDS]
101. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM NOMINAL ANCHOR? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE
VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF URJIT PANEL COMMITTEE ON NOMINAL ANCHOR? [200
WORDS]
102. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STERILIZATION IN ECONOMICS? WHY EXCESSIVE CAPITAL INFLOWS
NEED TO BE STERILIZED? DISCUSS THE IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS OF URJIT PANEL WITH
REGARD TO STERILIZATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
103. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY VIABILITY GAP FUNDING? HOW IT WORKS? VGF MODEL ACTS AS
COMPLEMENTARY TO PPP MODEL COMMENT? [300 WORDS]
104. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SENSITIVE LIST OF RBI? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR RBI TO
INCLUDE HONG KONG & MACAU IN THE SENSITIVE LIST? [200 WORDS]
105. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INLAND WATERS? WHAT ARE THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY
MINISTRY OF SHIPPING TO IMPROVE INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
106. DISCUSS THE COMPONENTS, VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR BOVINE
BREEDING AND DIARY DEVELOPMENT [ 200 words]
107. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CURRENCY HEDGING? EXPLAIN THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY RBI
TO EASE CURRENCY HEDGING? [ 200 WORDS]
108. WHAT IS CHILD FRIENDLINESS INDEX? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE
REPORT? FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE TO MAKE SOUTH ASIA AS CHILD
FRIENDLY REGION?[200 WORDS]
109. ENUMERATE THE REFORMS INITIATED BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO IMPROVE THE
PERFORMANCE OF CAPTIAL MARKET [200 WORDS]
110. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY E-COMMERCE? ENUMERATE THE PROS AND CONS OF ALLOWING FDI
IN E-COMMERCE IN INDIA?
111. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY WEB AGGREGATORS? BRIEFLY ELABORATE THE STEPS
TAKEN BY IRDA TO REGULATE WEB AGGREGATORS? [ 100 WORDS]
112. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY P-NOTES? HOW P-NOTES MAY AFFECT INDIAN EXCHANGE
MARKET? BRIEFLY MENTION THE STEPS TAKEN BY SEBI TO REGULATE THE ISSUING OF P-NOTES?
[200 WORDS]
113. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON PEHLE AAP CAMPAIGN [ 50 WORDS]
114. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY MISSION ON COCONUT? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES?
115. INDIA IS CONSIDERED NOT ONLY AS BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT BUT ALSO A HUNGER HOTSPOT
CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
116. WHAT IS VENTURE CAPITAL? BRIEFLY DISCUSS ITS MERITS AND DEMERITS? ELABORATE SUNIL
MITRA COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ON VENTURE CAPITAL? [200 words]

ECA 2014 9

117. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY FRIENDS OF COCONUT TREE CONCEPT? HOW THIS MODEL IS
RELEVANT TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY? [200 WORDS]
118. NACHIKET MOR PANELS RECOMMENDATIONS WILL OPEN NEW GATES TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL
INCLUSION BY 2016 CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
119. WHAT IS E-MIGRATE PROJECT? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY MENTION THE SIGNIFICANCE OF E-
MIGRATE PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
120. WHAT IS NELP? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS MERITS AND DEMERITS
121. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WORLD BANK TOWARDS IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF
LIVING IN RURAL INDIA?
122. WHAT IS BALANCED FUND? DISCUSS IN BRIEF ABOUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF BALANCED
FUND?
123. WHAT IS CLEAN NOTE POLICY? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY RBI TO ENSURE THE SUPPLY OF
CLEAN NOTES TO THE PUBLIC? [200 WORDS]
124. CAPITALIST ECONOMY FEATURES, MERITS AND DEMERITS
125. WHAT IS MEGA POWER POLICY? WHAT ARE ITS OBJECTIVES? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE RECENT
AMENDMENTS MADE IN MEGA POWER POLICY 2009? [200 WORDS]
126. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE ROLE PLAYED BY BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SHIFTING THE
RESOURCE INTENSIVE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY
127. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MISSION ONE NATION, ONE GRID & ONE FREQUENCY [ 100
WORDS]
128. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON WHITE PAPER & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [50 WORDS]
129. WHAT IS BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY [BIT]? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH INDIAS BITs WIT OTHER NATIONS? SUGGEST THE MEASURES TO AVOID THE
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH IT? [200 WORDS]
130. LIST OUT VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF BHARATIYA MAHILA BANK? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM OTHER
BANKS? [200 WORDS]
131. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CURRENCY SWAP AGREEMENT? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY DISCUSS
THE BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF IT? [ 200 WORDS]
132. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BLUE CHIP COMPANIES? NAME FIVE BLUE CHIP PSUs IN INDIA?
BRIEFLY MENTION THE BENEFITS OF BLUE CHIP STOCKS? [200 WORDS]
133. MENTION THE MAJOR CROP INSURANCE SCHEMES BEING IMPLEMENTED IN INDIA? DISCUSS
THE FEATURES OF RECENTLY INTRODUCED NATIONAL CROP INSURANCE PROGRAMME AND
OPPOSITION TO IT?
134. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES [GSP]? HOW GSP DIFFERS
FROM GSTP? HOW GSP AFFECTS INDIAN TEXTILES SECTOR? [200 WORDS]
135. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DTAA? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE? [300
WORDS]
136. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CROWDING OUT IN ECONOMICS? INDIA IS FACING THE PROBLEM
OF CROWDING OUT ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
137. HIGHER FISCAL DEFICIT MEANS HIGHER INFLATION FOR THE COMMON MAN CRITICALLY
EVALUATE THE STATEMENT [100 WORDS]
138. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON GREENFIELD INVESTMENT VS BROWNFIELD INVESTMENT
139. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

ECA 2014 10

140. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL SAFFRON MISSION?
EXAMINE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR LOW LEVEL OF SAFFRON PRODUCTION AND
PRODUCTIVITY IN INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SAFFRON PARK PROJECT IN
REMOVING/REDUCING THE HURDLES FACED BY SAFFRON SECTOR? [200 WORDS]
141. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DIGITAL INDIA
PROGRAMME? [200 WORDS]
142. WHAT IS MARGIN FINANCING? HOW DOES MARGIN FINANCING WORK? WHAT ARE THE
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MARGIN FINANCING? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY RBI/SEBI TO
REGULATE MARGIN FINANCING? [200 WORDS]
143. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INSIDER TRADING & FRONT RUNNING? HOW DOES INSIDER
TRADING OCCUR? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY SEBI RECENTLY TO ADDRESS THE
PROBLEM OF INSIDER TRADING? [200 WORDS]
144. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF VARISHTHA PENSION BIMA YOJANA? HOW IT ENSURES
FINANCIAL SECURITY TO SENIOR CITIZENS? [200 WORDS]
145. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & FEATURES OF RASHTRIYA GOKUL MISSION? [200 WORDS]
146. WHAT ARE SYSTEMATICALLY IMPORTANT BANKS ? HOW ARE THEY SIGNIFICANT ?(200 WORDS)
147. WHAT IS TRADE FACILITATION AGREEMENT? WHY INDIA STRONGLY OPPOSES THE TRADE
FACILITATION AGREEMENT AT PRESENT FORMAT? ADD A NOTE ON PEACE CLAUSE & BALI
PACKAGE? [200 WORDS]
148. WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX? HOW H.D.I IS CALCULATED? EVALUATE THE INDIAS
RANKING IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX REPORT 2014? [200 WORDS]
149. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES BEING FACED BY INSURANCE SECTOR SECTOR
IN INDIA? DO YOU THINK INCREASING FDI IN INSURANCE SECTOR TO 49% ALONE WILL BE
ENOUGH TO TACKLE THESE CHALLENGES? COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
150. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SMALL BANKS? HOW DOES IT HELP TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL
INCLUSION IN INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON RECENT DRAFT GUIDELINES OF RBI ON SMALL BANKS?
[200 WORDS]
151. WHAT IS ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION? HOW IS IT SIGNIFICANT TO WIND POWER SECTOR?
[200 WORDS]
152. WHAT IS ADVANCE PRICING AGREEMENT ? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM MUTUAL AGREEMENT
PROCEDURE? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ADVANCE PRICING AGREEMENT IN
REDUCING TAX RELATED DISPUTES? [ 200 WORDS]
153. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY FERTILIZER SECTOR IN INDIA?
DO YOU THINK WE NEED A COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL FERTILIZER POLICY TO ADDRESS THOSE
PROBLEMS? [200 WORDS]
154. WHAT ARE PAYMENT BANKS? HOW THEY DIFFER FROM SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS?
CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE PROS AND CONS OF ALLOWING PAYMENT BANKS IN INDIA? [200
WORDS]
155. WHO ARE PRE-PAID INSTRUMENT [PPI] PROVIDERS? WHY PPI MODEL FAILED TO ACHIEVE ITS
PURPOSE? EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PPI? ADD A NOTE ON
NACHIKET MOR COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ON PPI? [200 WORDS]
156. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT RURAL ATMs CONCEPT? DO YOU THINK RURAL INDIA NEEDS A
DIFFERENT ATM MODEL COMPARED TO URBAN CENTRIC ATM MODEL? SUBSTANTIATE YOUR
ANSWER WITH FACTS? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 11

157. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SMART CITIES? CONSTRUCTION OF SMART CITIES IS THE NEED OF
HOUR TO DECONGEST METRO CITIES AND TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION.
CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
158. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF KISAN VIKAS PATRIKA? EXAMINE VARIOUS BENEFITS &
CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF KISAN VIKAS PATRIKA? [200 WORDS]
159. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES BEING FACED BY INDIAN AGRICULTURE?
160. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PERFORMANCE BASED BUDGETING? DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS
OF PERFORMANCE BASED BUDGETING? [200 WORDS]
161. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CLEAN CREDIT? HOW DOES RBIS EASING OF CLEAN CREDIT HELP
INDIAN DIAMOND INDUSTRY? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE OUR DIAMOND INDUSTRY
GLOBALLY MORE COMPETITIVE? [200 WORDS]
162. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY FISCAL CONSOLIDATION? WHY FISCAL CONSOLIDATION IS
IMPORTANT FOR AN EMERGING COUNTRY LIKE INDIA? EXAMINE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ACHIEVE FISCAL CONSOLIDATION? [200 WORDS]
163. WHAT IS ESCROW ACCOUNT? HOW DOES IT FUNCTION? HOW ESCROW ACCOUNT DIFFER
FROM SAVING & CURRENT ACCOUNTS? ADD A NOTE ON THE BENEFITS OF ESCROW ACCOUNT?
[ 200 words]
164. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY NON DELIVERABLE FORWARDS? HOW DOES IT WORK? WHY
IT IS A POPULAR INSTRUMENT WHILE DOING BUSINESS IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES? [
200 WORDS]
165. WHAT IS PPP MODEL? HOW PPP MODEL DIFFERS FROM E.P.C MODEL? ADD A NOTE ON
MERITS & DEMERITS OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MODEL? [200 WORDS]
166. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CAPTIVE MEANING? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE PROS AND CONS OF
RECENT SUPREME COURT JUDGEMENT REGARDING CANCELLATION OF COAL MINING BLOCKS?
GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE INDIAN COAL INDUSTRY TRANSPARENT & EFFICIENT? [200
WORDS]
167. DEFINE INCLUSIVE GROWTH? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA TO THE DEVELOPMENT MORE INCLUSIVE?
168. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLATION & INTEREST RATE WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO INDIA? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO BREAK THE VICIOUS CYCLE OF HIGH
INTEREST RATE INFLATION? [ 200 WORDS]
169. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND? INDIAS DEMOGRAPHIC
DIVIDEND MAY TURN INTO DEMOGRAPHIC NIGHTMARE IF CHALLENGES ARE NOT ADDRESSED
ADEQUATELY. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
170. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON RuPay & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
171. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS FACTORS THAT ACT AS HINDRANCE TO THE GROWTH OF TOURISM
SECTOR IN INDIA? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO TOURISM SECTOR A NEW LEASE OF LIFE? [200
WORDS]
172. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM EVERGREENING OF BAD LOANS? HOW
EVERGREENING IS BEING DONE? DISCUSS THE STEPS TAKEN BY R.B.I TO REDUCE THE EVER-
GREENING OF BAD LOANS? ADD A NOTE ON P J NAYAK COMMITTEE ON EVER-GREENING OF
BAD LOANS? [200 WORDS]
173. WHAT ARE DUAL CURRENCY BONDS? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON SIGNIFICANCE
OF DUAL CURRENCY BONDS? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 12

174. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION? HOW IIP IS CALCULATED?
WHY IIP DATA IS SIGNIFICANT? ADD A NOTE ON SAUMITRA CHAUDHURI COMMITTEE
RECOMMENDATIONS ON REVAMPING INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION? [200 WORDS]
175. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FOREX RESERVES? WHY DO COUNTRIES NEED FOREX RESERVES?
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF FOREX RESERVES? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS
TO USE EXCESSIVE FOREX RESERVES OF INDIA IN AN EFFICIENT MANNER? [200 WORDS]
176. INDIA NEEDS SPECIAL AGRICULTURAL ZONES [SAZ] INSTEAD OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
[SEZ]. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
177. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE
BONDS & GLOBAL DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS? DISCUSS THE MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS OF
SAHOO COMMITTEE ON DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS? [200 WORDS]
178. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF FINANCIAL STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT
COUNCIL [FSDC]? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE NEED FOR SUCH COUNCIL? DO YOU THINK THAT
CREATION OF F.S.D.C CURBS THE AUTONOMY OF VARIOUS REGULATORS OF FINANCE SECTOR?
179. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. INS VIKRANT 2. RANGARAJAN COMMITTEE ON POVERTY
ESTIMATION 3. DICLOFENAC 4. CHILDREN CAN OPEN AND OPERATIVE SAVINGS ACCOUNT
180. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PREDATORY PRICING? HOW PREDATORY PRICING IS DONE? DISCUSS
THE LAW GOVERNING THE PREDATORY PRICING IN INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON AREEDA TURNER
TEST? [200 WORDS]
181. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING CURVES WITH RESPECT TO ECONOMICS PHILIPS CURVE, LORENTZ
CURVE & KUZNETS CURVE? DISCUSS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN ASSESSING THE NATURE OF
GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH? [ 200 WORDS]
182. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM POLIO OF AGRICULTURE? HOW IT THREATENS
THE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY? ADD A NOTE ON GLOBAL RUST INITIATIVE?[200 WORDS]
183. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL BANKING? HOW DIFFERENTIATED BANKING MODEL DIFFERS FROM
UNIVERSAL MODEL? INDIA SHOULD MOVE FROM UNIVERSAL BANKING MODEL TO
DIFFERENTIATED BANKING MODEL TO ACHIEVE THE 12TH FYP OBJECTIVE OF FASTER AND
INCLUSIVE GROWTH? ADD A NOTE ON RECOMMENDATIONS OF MOR PANEL ON BANKING
MODELS IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
184. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ROUND TRIPPING? HOW DOES ROUND TRIPPING WORK? STEPS
TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO CONTROL ROUND TRIPPING? [ 200 WORDS]
185. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SENSEX? HOW SENSEX IS CALCULATED? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
FACTORS AFFECTING SENSEX? ADD A NOTE ON BULL RUN AND BEAR RUN IN THE CONTEXT
OF STOCK MARKET? [ 200 WORDS]
186. WHAT IS EQUITY? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF RAJEEV GANDHI EQUITY SAVINGS
SCHEME? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR LUKEWARM RESPONSE FOR THIS SCHEME FROM
INVESTORS? [200 WORDS]
187. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BHARATIYA MAHILA BANK? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM OTHER BANKS?
DICUSS THE ROLE PLAYED BY BHARATIYA MAHILA BANK IN EMPOWERING WOMEN? [200
WORDS]
188. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1.NEW FUND OFFERING 2. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING 3. FOLLOW ON
PUBLIC OFFERING 4. ANGEL INVESTORS 5. ANCHOR INVESTORS 6. HIGH NETWORTH

ECA 2014 13

INDIVIDUALS 7. PRIMARY & SECONDARY MARKET 8. OPEN ENDED FUNDS VS CLOSED ENDED
FUNDS [ 30 WORDS EACH]
189. MCX-SX CONTROVERSY WHAT IS MCX-SX? WHAT IS SX40? WHAT DOES IT DO? WHAT IS
RIGHTS ISSUE? HOW THE PROBLEM AFFECTS INDIAN STOCK MARKET? CONCEPTS FUTURES,
OPTIONS, CURRENCY DERIVATIVES?
190. WHAT IS BANKING CORRESPONDENTS MODEL? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM BRICKS & MORTAR
MODEL? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SWABHIMAAN & CONTRIBUTION OF BUSINESS
CORRESPONDENTS TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL INCLUSION? [200 WORDS]
191. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM BLUE ECONOMY? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS
PRINCIPLES? IT IS TIME FOR US TO FOCUS OUR ATTENTION FROM GREEN ECONOMY TO BLUE
ECONOMY CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
192. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA?
DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS THESE
PROBLEMS? THE STRUCTURAL REFORMS ARE THE NEED OF HOUR TO PROVIDE LONG TERM
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF INDIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
193. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS FOR POWER SECTOR CRISIS IN INDIA? THE POLICY OF
CROSS SUBSIDIZATION DOES MORE HARM RATHER THAN BENEFITTING POWER SECTOR
194. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MAHATMA GANDHI PRAVASI SURAKSHA YOJANA? [100 WORDS]
195. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF PRADHAN MANTRA SWASTHYA SURAKSHA YOJANA
(PMSSY)? (100 WORDS )
196. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE
DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND ADVANTAGEOUS TO INDIAS GROWTH? [200 WORDS]
197. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM HINDU RATE OF GROWTH? DO YOU THINK THAT
WE ARE GOING BACK TO HINDU RATE OF GROWTH? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [
200 WORDS]
198. WHAT IS E-AGRICULTURE? HOW DOES E-TECHNOLOGY HELP THE FARMERS? ADD A NOTE ON
CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES TO E-AGRICULTURE IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
199. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM DUMPING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE? HOW
ANTI-DUMPING DUTY DIFFERS FROM NORMAL CUSTOMS DUTY? EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE AND
LEGAL FRAMEWORK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTI- DUMPING IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
200. WHAT IS PURCHASING POWER PARITY? HOW IS P.P.P CALCULATED? HOW NOMINAL GDP
DIFFERS FROM GDP BASED ON P.P.P? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF P.P.P? [200
WORDS]
201. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM ROYALTY PAYMENT? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ROYALTY PAYMENTS BY INDIAN FIRMS? SHOULD ROYALTY
CEILING BE RE-IMPOSED? CRITICALLY ANALYZE? [ 200 WORDS]
202. EXPLAIN THE KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS & PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS?
WHY PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS NEED TO BE REFORMED? THE SEPARATION OF THE POST OF
CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR INTO TWO WILL HELP PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS TO MAKE
THEM COMPETITIVE WITH PRIVATE BANKS. CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]
203. WHAT IS CROWDFUNDING? HOW CROWDFUNDING DIFFERS FROM CROWDSOURCING?
ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF ALLOWING CROWDFUNDING IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 14

204. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY INCREMENTAL CAPITAL OUTPUT RATIO? HOW I.C.O.R IS
CALCULATED? EXAMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF I.C.O.R IN ASSESSING A COUNTRYS CAPITAL
EFFICIENCY? [200 WORDS]
205. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM LONG AVERAGE PERIOD? HOW L.A.P CONCEPT IS
HELPFUL IN CLASSIFICATION OF RAINFALL IN INDIA? DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF
DEFICIT RAINFALL ON INDIAN ECONOMY IN 2014? [200 WORDS]
206. WHAT IS MARKET STABILIZATION FUND? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF M.S.F SCHEME?
HOW DOES MARKET STABILIZATION FUND HELP RESERVE BANK OF INDIA TO STERILIZE AND
STABILIZE THE ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
207. WHAT IS CLEAN NOTE POLICY? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY RBI TO ENSURE THE SUPPLY OF
CLEAN NOTES TO THE PUBLIC? [200 WORDS]
208. CAPITALIST ECONOMY FEATURES, MERITS AND DEMERITS? [200 WORDS]
209. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON VASTRA KAMGAR PUNARVAS YOJANA [100 WORDS]
210. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE ROLE PLAYED BY BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SHIFTING THE
RESOURCE INTENSIVE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
211. WHAT IS BALANCED FUND? DISCUSS IN BRIEF ABOUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF BALANCED
FUND? [200 WORDS]
212. WHAT IS NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY [NELP]? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS MERITS AND
DEMERITS? [200 words]
213. MENTION THE MAJOR CROP INSURANCE SCHEMES BEING IMPLEMENTED IN INDIA? DISCUSS
THE FEATURES OF RECENTLY INTRODUCED NATIONAL CROP INSURANCE PROGRAMME AND
OPPOSITION TO IT? [200 words]
214. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND
DEMERITS OF IT? [200 words]
215. NACHIKET MOR PANELS RECOMMENDATIONS WILL OPEN NEW GATES TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL
INCLUSION BY 2016 CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
216. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WORLD BANK TOWARDS IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF
LIVING IN RURAL INDIA? [200 WORDS]
217. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STERILIZATION IN ECONOMICS? WHY EXCESSIVE CAPITAL INFLOWS
NEED TO BE STERILIZED? DISCUSS THE IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS OF URJIT PANEL WITH
REGARD TO STERILIZATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY? [200 WORDS]
218. DEFINE MICRO,SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES SECTOR? MSMEs ARE CONSIDERED AS
BACKBONE OF INDIAN ECONOMY COMMENT? ADD A NOTE ON STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO PROMOTE MSME SECTOR IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
219. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE? HOW S.P.V IS CREATED? HOW S.P.V
DIFFERS FROM A COMPANY? ADD A NOTE ON ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
220. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM BITCOINS? DESCRIBE VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF IT? BITCOIN IS NOTHING BUT A FORM OF PONZI SCHEME- DO YOU
AGREE?-COMMENT [200 WORDS]
221. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HIDDEN HUNGER? WHY THE ISSUE OF HIDDEN HUNGER IS
GETTING SIGNIFICANCE? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS
THE PROBLEM OF HIDDEN HUNGER? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 15

222. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GMP]? GMPs ARE
ACTING AS HINDRANCE TO THE GROWTH OF INDIAS PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
223. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INTEGRATED FARMING? EASTERN INDIA IS OFTEN CALLED AS
SLEEPING GIANT IN TERMS OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL. RICE FISH CULTIVATION IS ONE OF
THE WAY TO WAKE UP SLEEPING GIANT CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]

1. ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIANS EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAGADISH CHANDRA
BOSE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
2. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INS VIKRAMADITYA? INS
VIKRAMADIYA ALONG WITH INS ARIHANT WILL HELP INDIA TO PROJECT ITS NAVAL PROWESS
IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION. COMMENT ON THIS STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
3. SPACE SCIENCE] WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON PSLV C23 & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
4. ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIANS] WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF SATISH
DHAWAN TO THE FIELD OF INDIAN SPACE SCIENCE? [200 WORDS]
5. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK? HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW IT DIFFERS
FROM DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK? ADD A NOTE ON HOW TO PREVENT THEM?
[200 WORDS]
6. WHAT IS GAMMA RAY TELESCOPE? WHY GAMMA RAY TELESCOPES ARE PLACED AT HIGHER
ALTITUDES? DESCRIBE SHORTLY ON INDIAS MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV EXPERIMENT?
ADD A NOTE ON CHERENKOV RADIATION? [ 200 WORDS]
7. WHAT IS NEUROBRIDGE TECHNOLOGY? HOW WILL IT BE USEFUL FOR DISABLED PERSONS
PARTICULARLY IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS? [200 WORDS]
8. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. ATLAS EXPERIMENT 2. HIGGS BOSONS 3. CMS EXPERIMENT 4. CERN 5.
LARGE HADRON COLLIDOR 6. STANDARD MODEL OF PHYSICS 7. QUARKS 8. HADRONS VS
LEPTONS 9. FERMIONS 10. PAULI EXPULSION PRINCIPLE 11. BOSONS\
9. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON CERN & ITS ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT 60 YEARS
AGO? [ 100 WORDS]
10. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. ATLAST TELESCOPE 2. ENCELADUS 3. CASSINI HUYGENS
SPACECRAFT 4. SOLAR POWERED ADVANCED MEMBRANE SYSTEM & ITS IMPORTANCE [50
WORDS EACH]
11. WHAT IS MERS-CoV? IS MERS-CoV SAME LIKE SARS VIRUS? HOW WILL YOU PROTECT YOURSELF
FROM MERS-CoV INFECTION? [200 WORDS]
12. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INCINERATION? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF
KASTURIRANGAN TASK FORCE ON WASTE TO ENERGY /MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 16

13. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM WASTE TO ENERGY? HOW WASTE TO ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY WORKS? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WASTE TO ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY TO INDIA? [200 WORKS]
14. WHAT IS ALOE VERA? WHY IT IS CALLED AS FIRST AID PLANT? HOW ALOE VERA IS IMPORTANT
FOR INDIAN SOLDIERS WHO NEED TO BE DEPLOYED IN SIACHEN GLACIER? (200 WORDS)
15. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REGENERATIVE PLASTIC? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
SIGNIFICANCE?
16. WHAT IS 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF
3D PRINTING? [200 WORDS]
17. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS? HOW THEY ARE PRODUCED? DISCUSS
THE IMPORTANT PROPERTIES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS? (200 WORDS)
18. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NET METERING? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
19. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME [IGMDP]
& ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INDIAS SECURITY? [100 WORDS]
20. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY PATENT EVERGREENING? HOW PATENT EVERGREENING IS
DONE? EXPLAIN THE ISSUE OF PATENT EVERGREENING BY USING FAMOUS GLIVEC CASE AS AN
EXAMPLE? WHY COMPULSORY LICENSING IS ESSENTIAL TO TACKLE THE PROBLEM OF PATENT
EVERGREENING? [200 WORDS]
21. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM m-GOVERNANCE?
22. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NARCO-TERRORISM?
23. WHAT IS RAILSAVER? HOW RAILSAVER WILL BE HELPFUL IN IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
INDIAN RAILWAYS? ADD A NOTE ON STEPS TAKEN BY INDIAN RAILWAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY
EFFICIENCY? [ 200 WORDS]
24. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. INDIA USA TAX EVASION AGREEMENT 2. KEPLERS LAWS OF
PLANETARY MOTION 3. XMM NEWTON 4. DGCA ALLOWS USE OF CELLPHONE DURING FLIGHT
[30 -50 WORDS EACH]
25. WHAT IS BIG DATA? HOW IS IMPORTANT? BIG DATA ANALYTICS IS IMPORTANT IN ENSURING
THE SUCCESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND MEGA SCHEMES LIKE AADHAAR CRITICALLY ANALYZE?
[200 WORDS]
26. WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE DRUG DISCOVERY [OSDD]? HOW IS OSDD IMPORTANT TO ACHIEVE THE
OBJECTIVE OF AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE FOR ALL? ADD A NOTE ON COMPUTATIONAL
RESOURCES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY [CSDD]?[200 WORDS]
27. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. CURIOSITY 2. 3-D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY [ 50 WORDS EACH]
28. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON OSIRIS-Rex MISSION & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
29. WHAT IS 3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON THE ROLE
OF TECHNOLOGY IN INDIAN ELECTIONS? [200 WORDS]
30. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ENTERIC FERMENTATION? HOW IT LEADS TO GLOBAL WARMING?
ADD A NOTE ON RECENTLY RELEASED FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS REPORT ON
GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE? [200
words]
31. WHAT IS SECURE SOCKETS LAYER? HOW IT WORKS? DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF RECENTLY
DISCOVERED HEART BLEED BUG ON INTERNET SECURITY? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 17

32. WHAT IS META DATA? DISCUSS BRIEFLY ABOUT ITS SIGNIFICANCE? METADATA IS CONSIDERED
AS MORE INTRUSIVE THAN EAVESDROPPING COMMENT ON THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
33. EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE
SYSTEM TO INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]
34. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY INSAT-3E TO INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME? A
DYSFUNCTIONAL ORBIT NEEDS TO BE PLACED IN GRAVEYARD ORBIT TO PREVENT THE
OCCURRENCE OF KESSLER SYNDROME CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
35. WHAT ARE NEUTRINOS? WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES THAT MAKE NEUTRINOS
UNIQUE? ADD A NOTE ON INDIAN NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY? [200 WORDS]
36. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOETHICS? DICUSS THE VARIOUS BIOETHICAL ISSUES THAT HAVE
EMERGED DUE TO DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE? [200 WORDS]
37. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION & ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
[200 WORDS]
38. WHAT IS BLACK BOX? HOW DOES BLACK BOX WORK? BLACK BOX PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
THE AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY? [200 WORDS]
39. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM DRUG RESISTANCE? HOW DOES IT DEVELOP?
DISCUSS THE REASONS AND MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM OF ANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANCE?
[200 WORDS]
40. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CARBON NANOTUBE? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM BUCKYBALLS? ADD A
NOTE ON ITS APPLICATIONS? [200 WORDS]
41. WHAT IS STEALTH TECHNOLOGY? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF RADAR IN STEALTH TECHNOLOGY? ADD
A NOTE ON INDIAS STEALTH TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMME? [200 WORDS]
42. DEFINE ROBOTICS? HOW SOFT ROBOTICS DIFFER FROM HARD ROBOTICS? ADD A NOTE ON
SHOAL PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
43. WHAT IS BIOCHAR? HOW IT IS PRODUCED? ADD A NOTE ON REINVENT THE TOILET CHALLENGE
PROJECT & ITS IMPORTANCE? [200 WORDS]
44. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON FOLDSCOPE & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
45. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON STEM CELL BANKING & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [ 200 WORDS]
46. WHAT IS WEBCASTING? HOW WEBCASTING WORKS? HOW WEBCASTING DIFFERS FROM
WEBCONFERENCING? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE ROLE OF WEBCASTING IN CONTROLLING THE
BOOTHCAPTURING ACTIVITIES DURING ELECTIONS? [200 WORDS]
47. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MEN-AFRI-VAC & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
48. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC NETWORK? [200
WORDS]
49. WHAT IS LTTD TECHNOLOGY? WRITE SHORTLY ON ITS MECHANISM & ADVANTAGES? LTTD
TECHNOLOGY PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ENSURING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN COASTAL
REGIONS COMMENT?
50. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON CYBERSQUATTING & ITS IMPLICATIONS? [100 WORDS]
51. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MUFA,PUFA & OMEGA-3 & THEIR SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
52. MARS RESEARCH IS THE FOCUS POINT OF MANY SPACE ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING ISRO. IN
THIS BACKGROUND, LIST OUT SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MARS AND EARTH
STRUCTURE? [200 WORDS]
53. CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS POSES THREAT TO TIGER POPULATION IN INDIA EXAMINE THE
STATEMENT? [100 WORDS]

ECA 2014 18

54. WHAT IS SUPERCRITICAL TECHNOLOGY? SUPERCRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PLAYS VITAL ROLE IN
ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY IN INDIA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
55. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REVERSE OSMOSIS? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AD
LIMITATIONS? [200 WORDS]
56. WHAT IS PHOTOBIOREACTOR? DISCUSS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
PHOTOBIOREACTOR? [200 WORDS]
57. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOREACTOR? HOW IT WORKS? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS
APPLICATIONS? [ 200 WORDS]
58. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPERFOOD? WHY QUINOA IS CONSIDERED AS SUPERFOOD?
QUINOA COULD PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN ADDRESSING THE GLOBAL MALNUTRITION
CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
59. WHAT IS BIO DIGESTER TECHNOLOGY? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES OF BIO-TOILET
OVER NORMAL TOILET? BIO-TOILETS COULD BE AN ANSWER TO INDIAS SANITATION
PROBLEM COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
60. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTROSAT MISSION? [100 WORDS]
61. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON AKASH DEFENCE WEAPONS SYSTEM & ITS SIGNIFICANCE [100
words]
62. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOMAH & CONTRIBUTION OF HEMANT THATTE TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY? [100 WORDS]
63. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STEM CELL THERAPY? HOW STEM CELL THERAPY IS MISUSED? DISCUSS
THE RECENTLY RELEASED NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON STEM CELL RESEARCH? [200 WORDS]
64. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SALVAGE THERAPY? DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF FIXED DRUG DOSE
COMBINATION IN RELATION TO ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY [ART]? [ 200 WORDS]
65. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS [HIV] & ACQUIRED IMMUNE
DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) BILL, 2014 [100 WORDS]
66. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TRANSGENICS? DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSGENIC
TECHNOLOGY? [200 words]
67. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON LEPROSY IS NOT MEDICAL CONDITION BUT SOCIAL CONDITION AS WELL &
NEEDS INTEGRATED APPROACH
68. WHAT IS INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION? INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION CAN PLAY A
SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA PARTICULARLY COASTAL REGIONS-
69. WHAT IS NUCLEAR FUSION? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM NUCLEAR FISSION? DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE
ADVANTAGES OF FUSION POWER? [ 200 WORDS]
70. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ITER PROJECT? ADD A NOTE ON
INDIAS CONTRIBUTION TO ITER PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
71. WHAT IS BIO-BATTERY? DISCUSS THE MECHANISM, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
BIOBATTERIES? [200 WORDS]
72. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G AND BEYOND
73. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES? HOW IT WORKS? DESCRIBE ITS
APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES? [ 200 WORDS]
74. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY E-CIGARETTE? DISCUSS ITS PROS AND CONS? SHOULD
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PROMOTE E-CIGARETTE? COMMENT? [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 19

75. WHAT IS SONAR TECHNOLOGY? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS TYPES & APPLICATIONS? DISCUSS THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIAS EXPORT OF SONAR TECHNOLOGY TO MYANMAR? [200 WORDS]
76. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY FOLLOWING TERMS LPG,CNG,PNG & LNG? DESCRIBE THE
VARIOUS ADVANTAGES OF CNG? [ 200 WORDS]
77. BACTERIAL INFECTION/CONTAMINATION IS AFFECTING OUR DAY TO DAY LIFE. CMOS
TECHNOLOGY OFFERS A SOLUTION TO CONTROL BACTERIAL INFECTION. COMMENT ON THIS
78. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STARE MISSION? STARE MISSION ACTS LIKE SPACE COPS TO
CONTROL SPACE TRAFFIC COMMENT ON THE STATEMENT? [100 WORDS]
79. APPLICATIONS OF GAMMA RAYS IN OUR DAY TO DAY LIFE?
80. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DIGITAL SNOOPING? HOW IT WORKS? DISCUSS BRIEFLY ABOUT
INDIAS SNOOPING PROGRAMME? [200 WORDS]
81. WHAT IS ETHYL MERCAPTAN? HOW IS IT USEFUL IN YOUR DAY TO DAY LIFE? [50 WORDS]
82. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM AVIATION TURBINE FUEL? HOW JET FUEL DIFFERS
FROM DIESEL FUEL? JET FUEL NEEDS TO BE ANNOUNCED AS DECLARED GOODS COMMENT?
[200 WORDS]
83. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GENERIC DRUGS? HOW GENERIC DRUGS ARE DIFFERENT FROM
BRANDED DRUGS? INDIA IS CALLED GLOBAL POWER WITH REGARD TO PRODUCTION OF
GENERIC MEDICINE. JUSTIFY? [200 WORDS]
84. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON DHRUV 3 [ 50 WORDS]
85. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY EAVESDROPPING? INDIA NEEDS EAVESDROPPING SYSTEM LIKE
CENTRAL MONITORING SYSTEM COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
86. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DEXTER? BRIEFLY MENTION THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEXTER? DISCUSS
THE ROLE OF CERT-In? [200 WORDS]
87. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECTRUM? SPECTRUM IS CONSIDERED AS A SOVEREIGN ASSET
88. WHAT IS NET NEUTRALITY? INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY SHOULD MOVE FROM NET
NEUTRALITY TO TIERED SERVICES MODEL TO PROVIDE QUALITY OF SERVICE COMMENT ON
THIS STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
89. WHAT IS ASACUSA EXPERIMENT? DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IT? [100 WORDS]
90. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON INDIA THE CANCER CAPITAL OF THE WORLD
91. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ACHIEVING CRITICALITY IN NUCLEAR REACTORS
92. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON ROBOEARTH? [50 WORDS]
93. WHAT IS IPAQT INITIATIVE? MENTION IT VARIOUS OBJECTIVES? HOW IPAQT INITIATIVE WILL
BENEFIT INDIA? [ 100 WORDS]
94. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SUCHEK & QUICKCHEQ [50 WORDS]
95. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON ICGS ABHINAV & ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO COASTAL SECURITY OF
INDIA[ 50 WORDS]
96. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SOLAR FUEL? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES
OF SOLAR FUEL OVER SOLAR PANELS? [ 200 WORDS]
97. WHAT IS OXYTOCIN? WHY IT IS CALLED AS RIPENING AGENT? STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO
CONTROL ARTIFICIAL RIPENING? [200 WORDS]
98. WHAT ARE METAMATERIALS? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY DISCUSS ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS?
[200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 20

99. WHAT IS H.Seq X [or] DNA SUPERCOMPUTER? BRIEFLY MENTION THE ADVANTAGES OF IT? HOW
CAN IT BENEFIT A COUNTRY LIKE INDIA? [ 200 words]
100. WHAT IS GENEXPERT? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF GENEXPERT OVER BLOOD
SMEAR TEST TO DIAGNOSE TUBERCULOSIS? [200 WORDS]
101. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON DRONE A KIND OF VIDEO GAME WARFARE IN 21ST CENTURY
102. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON A WORLD WITHOUT POLIO CRIPPLING DISEASE IN A CRIPPLING
GLOBALIZED WORLD ORDER
103. WHY ARE POTASSIUM, SODIUM AND LITHIUM STORED IN A JAR OF OIL?
104. FUNGAL INFECTIONS ARE THE GREY AREA IN HEALTHCARE & NEEDS URGENT ATTENTION
CRITICALLY EXAMINE [ 200 WORDS]
105. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GSAT 14 TO INDIA?
106. WHAT IS BIOBOT? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY MENTION ITS ADVANTAGES?
107. WHAT IS WI-FI? HOW IT WORKS? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES THAT NEPAL WOULD GAIN
FROM BECOMING A FREE WI-FI ZONE
108. WRITE A NOTE ON SUPER BALL BOT PROJECT? [100 WORDS]
109. WHAT IS GPS TRACKING? HOW IT WORKS? HOW IT CAN ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WOMEN?
110. WHAT IS CCTV? HOW IT WORKS? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM BROADCAST TV? [ 200 words]
111. WHAT IS LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT? EXPLAIN THE ROLE PLAYED BY DRDO IN PREPARING INDIA
FOR LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT MANAGEMENT? [ 100 words]
112. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON LUKOSKIN [50 words]
113. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS 1.TOP500 2.GREEN500, 3.PENTAFLOP COMPUTING 4.
CYBERESPIONAGE 5. CYBER STALKING
114. PARAM YUVA II REDEFINES INDIAS PLACE IN THE WORLD OF SUPERCOMPUTING DO YOU
AGREE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER? [ 200 WORDS]
115. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTION OF C-DAC IN THE FIELD OF SUPERCOMPUTING IN INDIA [ 100
words]
116. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ROSETTA MISSION? [ 100 WORDS]
117. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CRYPTOGRAPHY? HOW IT WORKS? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS
OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
118. WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNATURE? GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON ITS APPLICATIONS? [200 WORDS]
119. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CENTRIFUGE? BRIEFLY DISCUSS ITS PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATIONS?
EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF CENTRIFUGES IN NUCLEAR REACTOR? [ 200 WORDS]
120. WHAT IS CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY? HOW CRYOGENICS WORKS? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE
APPLICATIONS OF CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY?
121. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SATURATION DIVING? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
CHINAS RECENT SATURATION DIVING EXPERIMENT & LESSONS TO INDIA? [200 WORDS]
122. WHAT IS NUCLEAR MATERIALS SECURITY INDEX? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR INDIAS LOW
SCORE IN NMSI? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE NUCLEAR SECURITY STATUS IN
INDIA? [200 WORDS]
123. WHAT IS TELLTAIL? HOW IS IT USEFUL TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WOMEN?
124. WHAT IS REVERSE CATALYSATION TECHNOLOGY? DESCRIBE ITS USES AND ADVANTAGES?
REVERSE CATALYZATION OFFERS SOLUTION TO INDIAS PLASTIC WASTE TIME BOMB

ECA 2014 21

125. WHAT IS IRON DOME? HOW IT WORKS? WILL DEPLOYMENT OF IRON DOME ALONG LoC BY
INDIA SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF TERRORISM? -COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
126. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BLACK HOLES? DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS
OF STEPHEN HAWKING IN THE FIELD OF BLACK HOLES? [200 WORDS]
127. HELIBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY SYSTEM & ITS SIGNIFICANCE

128. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INS VIKRAMADITYA? INS
VIKRAMADIYA ALONG WITH INS ARIHANT WILL HELP INDIA TO PROJECT ITS NAVAL PROWESS
IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION. COMMENT ON THIS STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
129. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. RHODODENDRONS, 2. PHOOL SANKRANTI, 3. CNEMASPIS GIRII
(DWARF GECKOS), 4. MICROPLASTICS, 5. IUCN GLOBAL MARIE AND POLAR PROGRAMME [ 50
WORDS EACH]
130. EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
131. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF SATISH DHAWAN TO THE FIELD OF INDIAN
SPACE SCIENCE? [200 WORDS]
132. WHAT IS NEUROBRIDGE TECHNOLOGY? HOW WILL IT BE USEFUL FOR DISABLED PERSONS
PARTICULARLY IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS? [200 WORDS]
133. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. ATLAS EXPERIMENT 2. HIGGS BOSONS 3. CMS EXPERIMENT 4. CERN
5. LARGE HADRON COLLIDOR 6. STANDARD MODEL OF PHYSICS 7. QUARKS 8. HADRONS VS
LEPTONS 9. FERMIONS 10. PAULI EXPULSION PRINCIPLE 11. BOSONS
134. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON CERN & ITS ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT 60 YEARS
AGO? [ 100 WORDS]
135. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INCINERATION? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF
KASTURIRANGAN TASK FORCE ON WASTE TO ENERGY /MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
136. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM WASTE TO ENERGY? HOW WASTE TO ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY WORKS? ADD A NOTE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WASTE TO ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY TO INDIA? [200 WORKS]
137. WHAT IS ALOE VERA? WHY IT IS CALLED AS FIRST AID PLANT? HOW ALOE VERA IS
IMPORTANT FOR INDIAN SOLDIERS WHO NEED TO BE DEPLOYED IN SIACHEN GLACIER? (200
WORDS)
138. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REGENERATIVE PLASTIC? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
139. WHAT IS 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF
3D PRINTING? [200 WORDS]
140. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS? HOW THEY ARE PRODUCED? DISCUSS
THE IMPORTANT PROPERTIES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS? (200 WORDS)
141. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NET METERING? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
142. WHAT IS GPS TRACKING? HOW IT WORKS? HOW IT CAN ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WOMEN?
143. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
[IGMDP] & ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INDIAS SECURITY? [100 WORDS]

ECA 2014 22

144. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY PATENT EVERGREENING? HOW PATENT EVERGREENING IS
DONE? EXPLAIN THE ISSUE OF PATENT EVERGREENING BY USING FAMOUS GLIVEC CASE AS AN
EXAMPLE? WHY COMPULSORY LICENSING IS ESSENTIAL TO TACKLE THE PROBLEM OF PATENT
EVERGREENING? [200 WORDS]
145. WHAT IS RAILSAVER? HOW RAILSAVER WILL BE HELPFUL IN IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
IN INDIAN RAILWAYS? ADD A NOTE ON STEPS TAKEN BY INDIAN RAILWAYS TO IMPROVE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY? [ 200 WORDS]
146. WHAT IS BIG DATA? HOW IS IMPORTANT? BIG DATA ANALYTICS IS IMPORTANT IN ENSURING
THE SUCCESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND MEGA SCHEMES LIKE AADHAAR CRITICALLY ANALYZE?
[200 WORDS]
147. WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE DRUG DISCOVERY [OSDD]? HOW IS OSDD IMPORTANT TO ACHIEVE
THE OBJECTIVE OF AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE FOR ALL? ADD A NOTE ON COMPUTATIONAL
RESOURCES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY [CSDD]?[200 WORDS]
148. WHAT IS TELLTAIL? HOW IS IT USEFUL TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WOMEN?
149. WHAT IS CCTV? HOW IT WORKS? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM BROADCAST TV? [ 200 words]
150. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON LUKOSKIN [50 words]
151. PARAM YUVA II REDEFINES INDIAS PLACE IN THE WORLD OF SUPERCOMPUTING DO YOU
AGREE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER? [ 200 WORDS]
152. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTION OF C-DAC IN THE FIELD OF SUPERCOMPUTING IN INDIA [ 100
words]
153. WHAT IS LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT? EXPLAIN THE ROLE PLAYED BY DRDO IN PREPARING INDIA
FOR LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT MANAGEMENT? [ 100 words]
154. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS 1.TOP500 2.GREEN500, 3.PENTAFLOP COMPUTING 4.
CYBERESPIONAGE 5. CYBER STALKING [20 WORDS EACH]
155. WRITE A NOTE ON SUPER BALL BOT PROJECT? [100 WORDS]
156. WHAT IS WI-FI? HOW IT WORKS? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES THAT NEPAL WOULD GAIN
FROM BECOMING A FREE WI-FI ZONE? [200 words]
157. WHAT IS BIOBOT? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY MENTION ITS ADVANTAGES? [100 WORDS]
158. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GSAT 14 TO INDIA? [100 WORDS]
159. WHAT IS CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY? HOW CRYOGENICS WORKS? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE
APPLICATIONS OF CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY? [200 WORDS]
160. DAY TO DAY SCIENCE WHY ARE POTASSIUM, SODIUM AND LITHIUM STORED IN A JAR OF OIL?
161. CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS POSES THREAT TO TIGER POPULATION IN INDIA EXAMINE THE
162. WHAT IS SUPERCRITICAL TECHNOLOGY? SUPERCRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PLAYS VITAL ROLE IN
ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY IN INDIA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
163. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REVERSE OSMOSIS? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES AD
LIMITATIONS? [200 WORDS]
164. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTROSAT MISSION? [100 WORDS]
165. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CRYPTOGRAPHY? HOW IT WORKS? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS
OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
166. GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON CRITERIA TO GET POLIO FREE NATION STATUS? ENUMERATE THE STEPS
TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF POLIO FROM POLIO ENDEMIC NATIONS?
[200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 23

167. WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNATURE? GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON ITS APPLICATIONS? [200 WORDS]
168. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ROSETTA MISSION? [ 100 WORDS]
169. WHAT IS ASACUSA EXPERIMENT? DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IT? [100 WORDS]
170. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BLACK HOLES? DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS
OF STEPHEN HAWKING IN THE FIELD OF BLACK HOLES? [200 WORDS]
171. HELIBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY SYSTEM & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
172. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE OF ICECUBE OBSERVATORY? WHY SOUTH
POLE IS CHOSEN FOR ICECUBE OBSERVATORY EXPERIMENTS/ [200 WORDS]
173. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON RHODIOLA & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? HOW RHODIOLA CAN HELP INDIAN
SOLIDERS SERVING AT HIGHER ALTITUDES? [200 WORDS]
174. WHAT IS IMIDACLOPRID ?WHAT ARE ITS APPLICATIONS?DO YOU THINK INDIA SHOULD BAN
THE USE OF IMIDACLOPRID?CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS? [200 WORDS] WRITE A SHORT
NOTE ON BRAINFLIGHT PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
175. WHAT IS MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF
MAGLEV TRAINS OVER CONVENTIONAL WHEELED TRAINS? ADD A NOTE ON SUPER-MAGLEV
TECHNOLOGY? [200 WORDS]
176. WHAT IS HUMAN BRAIN ACTIVITY MAP PROJECT? WHY IT WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY? ADD A
NOTE ON HUMAN GENOME PROJECT, BLUE BRAIN PROJECT & HUMAN CONNECTOME
PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
177. WHAT IS MICRO-GRAVITY? WHY MICRO-GRAVITY RESEARCH IS CONSIDERED AS IMPORTANT
FOR FUTURE MANNED MARS MISSION? ADD A NOTE ON NASAS MICRO-GRAVITY MISSION &
ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
178. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING? DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATIONS OF DNA
FINGERPRINTING? ADD A NOTE ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF ALEC JEFFREY TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY? [200 WORDS].
179. WHAT IS Wi-Fi BACKSCATTER TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS THAT MAY HAVE IMPACT ON OUR DAY TO DAY LIFE? [200 WORDS]
180. WHAT ARE ROCKET PROPELLANTS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS TYPES OF ROCKET PROPELLANTS?
MICROWAVE THRUSTER SYSTEM [CANNAE DRIVE TECHNOLOGY] WILL TAKE SPACE
EXPLORATION TO NEXT LEVEL CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
181. WHAT IS EBOLA VIRUS? HOW IT SPREADS? AS A DISTRICT COLLECTOR, WHAT ARE THE STEPS
THAT YOU WILL TAKE TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE OF EBOLA OUTBREAK IN YOUR DISTRICT?
[200 WORDS]
182. WHAT IS IndARC OBSERVATORY & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
183. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM SOLAR FLARE? HOW DOES IT OCCUR? ADD A
NOTE ON THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF SOLAR FLARE ON THE EARTH? [200 WORDS]
184. WHAT IS 513A MOSQUITO? HOW WOULD IT BE USEFUL TO CONTROL DENGUE FEVER? [200
WORDS]
185. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON HAND GUIDED CLONING TECHNIQUE & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200
WORDS]
186. WHAT ARE CONTECT LENSES? HOW DOES THEY WORK? HOW RECENT DEVELOPMENTS WITH
RESPECT TO CONTACT LENSES WILL CHANGE YOUR DAY TO DAY LIFE? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 24

187. WHO ARE VERTICALLY INTEGRATED BROADCASTERS? HOW VERTICAL INTEGRATION DIFFERS
FROM HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF TRAI ON
NEW DTH LICENSING REGIME? [200 WORDS]
188. WHAT IS BISPHENOL A? DO YOU THINK WE SHOULD BAN THE USE OF BISPHENOL A IN INDIA
TO AVOID ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL A? [200 WORDS]
189. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MARS ODYSSEY SPACECRAFT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100 WORDS]
190. WHAT IS GENOME SEQUENCING? WHY GENOME SEQUENCING IS IMPORTANT? DESCRIBE THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF RECENTLY RELEASED DRAFT SEQUENCE OF BREAD WHEAT GENOME &
CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS TO IT/ [200 WORDS]
191. WHAT IS BIO-MEDICAL WASTE? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA TO REGULATE BIO-MEDICAL WASTE AT VARIOUS LEVELS? ADD A NOTE ON RECENT
GENERAL BUDGET 2014-15 ANNOUNCEMENT WITH RESPECT TO BIO-MEDICAL WASTE? [200
WORDS]
192. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY
(SOFIA), 2. EPHMERAL1, 3. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, 4. PELAGORNIS SANDERSI, 5. NANO
JUICE, 6. ORBITING CARBON OBSERVATORY 2 [50 WORDS EACH]
193. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY TO THE
GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA PARTICULARLY RURAL INDIA? [200 WORDS]
194. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM? BRIEFLY MENTION ITS VARIOUS
APPLICATIONS? HOW GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM CAN BE USED TO MAXIMIZE
REVENUE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS? [200 WORDS]
195. WHAT IS ULTRASOUND BROKEN RAIL DETECTOR SYSTEM? HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW WILL IT
HELP TO REDUCE THE TRAIN ACCIDENTS? [200 WORDS]
196. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS PROPOSED IN RAILWAY BUDGET 2014 15 TO ENSURE THE RAIL
SAFETY AND SECURITY OF PASSENGERS? [200 WORDS]
197. WHAT IS BOLLGARD TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT HELP INDIAN FARMERS? [200 WORDS]
198. WHAT IS SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION? HOW DOES S.R.I WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS
BENEFITS? WHY S.R.I IS SPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO INDIA? [200 WORDS]
199. WHAT IS AEROBIC RICE? HOW AEROBIC RICE DIFFERS FROM TRADITIONAL RICE
CULTIVATION? ADD A NOTE ON ITS BENEFITS? [200 WORDS]
200. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM CANISTER BASED MISSILE LAUNCHING SYSTEM?
HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW IS IT IMPORTANT TO INDIA? [200 WORDS]
201. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN SCIENTIST SANJAYA RAJARAM IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY? ADD A NOTE ON WORLD FOOD PRIZE? (200 WORDS)
202. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM COOKIES? HOW DOES IT WORK? WHY ARE THEY
IMPORTANT? [100 WORDS]
203. WHAT IS DOUBLE FERTILIZATION? HOW IS IT SIGNIFICANT TO FLOWERING PLANTS? WHY IT
WAS RECENTLY IN NEWS? [ 200 WORDS]
204. WHAT IS LYCOPENE? DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANCE OF LYCOPENE TO OUR HEALTH?
MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED AS HEALTHY WHEN COMPARED TO
WESTERN DIET. COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
205. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON HORIZON 2020 PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 25

206. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS OBJECTS 2. 2014 HQ124 3. COSMIC
INFLATION 4. BICEP 2 PROJECT 5. 1,00,000 GENOMES PROJECT [ PERSONAL GENOME
PROJECT] [ 50 WORDS EACH]
207. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECTRUM SHARING? DO YOU THINK WE SHOULD ALLOW
SPECTRUM SHARING IN INDIA? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
208. WHAT IS STAP TECHNIQUE? WHY THERE IS A CONTROVERSY ERUPTED RECENTLY, RELATED TO
STAP TECHNIQUE? [200 words]
209. WHAT IS CITRUS GREENING? HOW IT IS RELATED TO A DISEASE CALLED SCURVY? ADD A
NOTE ON THE STATUS OF CITRUS FRUITS PRODUCTION IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
210. WHAT IS THERMOGALVANIC EFFECT? HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW IT US USEFUL TO HARNESS
ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE HEAT RELEASED FROM BATTERIES? [200 WORDS]
211. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOPOLYMERS? DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF BIOPOLYMERS OVER
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS? EXPLAIN HOW BARC TECHNOLOGY OFFERS SOLUTION TO OVERCOME
THE LIMITATIONS OF BIOPOLYMERS? [200 WORDS]
212. WHAT IS PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE [PKI]? HOW IS IT IMPORTANT IN OUR DAY-TO-DAY
ONLINE TRANSACTIONS? [100 WORDS]
213. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY VECTOR BORNE DISEASES? LIST OUT MAJOR VECTOR BORNE
DISEASES THAT ARE PREVALENT IN INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
CONTROL PROGRAMME? ENUMERATE THE KEY CHALLENGES IN CONTROLLING THE VECTOR
BORNE DISEASES? [300 WORDS]
214. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF SCIENTIST M.S SWAMINATHAN TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE AND UPLIFTING MILLIONS OF POOR FARMERS? [ 200
WORDS]
215. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON TB > MDR TB > XDR TB > TDR TB > DEATH?
216. WHAT IS DOTS? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS COMPONENTS & OBJECTIVES? HOW DOES DOTS DIFFER
FROM DOTS-PLUS? [200 WORDS]
217. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTERS[ELT]?
HOW DOES IT WORK? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF COSPAS-SARSAT PROGRAMME IN ENSURING
GLOBAL AVIATION SAFETY? [200 WORDS]
1. WHAT IS TRI-COLOUR REVOLUTION? TRICOLOUR REVOLUTION IS THE NEED OF HOUR FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL INDIA. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
2. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE & ROLE OF PLANNING COMMISSION? DO YOU THINK PLANNING
COMMISSION HAS LOST ITS RELEVANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
3. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY COMMUNITY RADIO? HOW ARE THEY SIGNIFICANT?
DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY
RADIO MOVEMENT IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 26

4. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM SEX EDUCATION? DESCRIBE THE OBJECTIVES OF
PROVIDING SEX EDUCATION? DO YOU THINK INDIA IS READY FOR INTRODUCING SEX
EDUCATION IN SCHOOL CURRICULUM? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROS AND CONS
WITH RESPECT TO INTRODUCTION OF SEX EDUCATION IN SCHOOL CURRICULUM? [200 WORDS]
5. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION FUND SCHEME [TUFS]? WHY
TUFS SCHEME IS NOT IMPLEMENTED EFFECTIVELY IN NORTH-EASTERN REGION [NER]? [200
WORDS]
6. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE CONCEPT MINIMUM GOVERNMENT MAXIMUM
GOVERNANCE? ELABORATE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY OUR GOVERNMENT TO ENSURE
MINIMUM GOVERNMENT MAXIMUM GOVERNANCE RECENTLY? [200 WORDS]
7. WHAT IS MOBILE SEVA? HOW DOES IT WORK? MOBILE SEVA EMPOWERS POOR RURAL PEOPLE
AND MAKES VOICE OF THE VOICELESS PEOPLE TO BE HEARD COMMENT? [ 100 WORDS]
8. DEFINE FEDERALISM? DISCUSS THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF FEDERALISM? DO YOU
THINK UNITARY GOVERNMENTS ARE PERFORMING BETTER THAN FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS?
CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
9. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO REDUCE THE MOBILE RADIATION? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO
REDUCE THE RADIATION EXPOSURE TO MOBILE USERS? [200 WORDS]
10. DO YOU THINK INDIA SHOULD ADOPT PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEM IN PLACE OF
THE FIRST PAST THE POST SYSTEM [FPTP] IN LOK SABHA ELECTIONS TO MAKE INDIA TRULY
DEMOCRATIC?
11. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND
DEMERITS OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION? [200 WORDS]
12. WHAT IS FIRST PAST THE POST SYSTEM? EXAMINE THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF THE FIRST
PAST THE POST SYSTEM? [ 200 words]
13. DO YOU THINK INDIA SHOULD OPT FOR COMPULSORY VOTING? EXAMINE THE PROS AND CONS
OF INTRODUCING COMPULSORY VOTING IN INDIA? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS THAT NEED TO
BE TAKEN, IF INDIA OPTS FOR COMPULSORY VOTING? [ 200 WORDS]
14. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF RTE ACT 2009? [100 WORDS]
15. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND? WHAT ARE THE STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF INDIAS DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND? GIVE
YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO HARNESS THE FULL POTENTIAL OF INDIAS DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND?
[200 WORDS]
16. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF BODOLAND TERRITORIAL COUNCIL? DO YOU THINK THAT
SEPARATE BODOLAND STATE SHOULD BE CREATED? ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF
CREATING SEPARATE STATE OF BODOLAND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROBLEMS OF NORTH
EASTERN STATES? [200 WORDS]
17. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MOBILE SEVA PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PROVIDING
INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE? [200 WORDS]
18. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM PERFORMING ANIMALS? WHY IT WAS IN NEWS
RECENTLY? [200 WORDS]
19. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM TWIN NOMINATION IN INDIAN CONTEXT? TWIN
NOMINATION ACTS AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF REPRESENTATIVE
DEMOCRACY CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 27

20. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL/LOCATION FACTORS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
BACKWARDNESS OF BUNDELKHAND REGION? THE CREATON OF BUNDELKHAND AS A SEPARATE
STATE WILL SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF ITS BACKWARDNESS CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO TO REDUCE THE BACKWARDNESS OF
BUNDELKHAND REGION? [ 200 WORDS]
21. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ABSENTEE VOTING? ADD A NOTE ON PROS AND CONS OF ABSENTEE
VOTING? INDIA SHOULD ALLOW ABSENTEE VOTING TO REFLECT THE IDEALS MENTIONED IN THE
CONSTITUTION OF WORLDS LARGEST DEMOCRACY? [200 WORDS]
22. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. PADMA AWARDS 2. KODOMO EXERCISE 3. MAFI PROJECT 4.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 5. GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD 6. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION 7.
OCTAVIO PAZ [ 30 WORDS EACH]
23. WHAT IS ONE RANK ONE PENSION SCHEME? DO YOU THINK ONE RANK ONE PENSION SCHEME
SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN ALL SECTORS/DEPARTMENTS? COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
24. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM ANAEMIA? DISCUSS THE MAGNITUDE OF THE
PROBLEM OF ANAEMIA IN INDIA AND ROLE OF MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME IN REDUCING ITS
PREVALENCE? ADD A NOTE ON SIGNIFICANCE OF RECENTLY INVENTED TRUE-HB-HEMOMETER
IN DETECTING THE ANAEMIA? [200 WORDS]
25. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS 1. RAW SUGAR 2. WHITE SUGAR 3. BROWN SUAGR? INDIAS
EXPORT SUBSIDY TO RAW SUGAR VIOLATES INDIAS COMMITMENT TO AGREEMENT ON
AGRICULTURE ANALYZE THE STATEMENT WITH FACTS [ 200 WORDS]
26. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GMOs? DISCUSS VARIOUS RISKS AND BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH
GMOs? GM TECHNOLOGY IS ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA COMMENT?
[200 WORDS]
27. WHAT IS CRONY CAPITALISM? HOW IT DIFFERS FROM FREE MARKET CAPITALISM? WHAT ARE
THE IMPLICATIONS OF CRONY CAPITALISM ON INDIAN ECONOMY? ADD A NOTE ON THE IMPACT
OF ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ON CRONY CAPITALISM IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
28. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON -1.NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ROLE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH IT 2. PEACE INITIATIVE 3. DoT GUIDELINES
TO TACKLE THE THREATS OF CYBER ATTACKS
29. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONAL ANTIMICROBIAL POLICY TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM
OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE DUE TO INDISCRIMINATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN INDIA? [200
WORDS]
30. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY THE ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA TO CURB THE
ROLE OF MONEY POWER IN INDIAN ELECTIONS?
31. WHAT IS INDELIBLE INK? HOW IT WORKS? DESCRIBE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MYSORE PAINTS
AND VARNISH LIMITED [MPVL] IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
32. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUPREME COURT [JUDGEMENTS] IN THE
EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL LAWS IN INDIA [200 WORDS]
33. DEFINE CONSUMER RIGHTS? BRING OUT THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO
PROTECT CONSUMBER RIGHTS? ADD A NOTE ON JAGO GRAHAK JAGO CAMPAIGN? [200
WORDS]
34. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM TRANSGENDER? WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS BEING
FACED BY TRANSGENDERS COMMUNITY? DISCUSS THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA FOR THE WELFARE OF TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 28

35. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM? HOW G.I.S DIFFERS FROM G.P.S? ADD A NOTE
ON RECENTLY INTRODUCED WEB-GIS TOOL & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
36. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL COMMUNITY RADIO AWARDS & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100
WORDS]
37. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY JUNK FOOD? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS MADE
BY AN EXPERT COMMITTEE OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF INDIA ON JUNK
FOODS/HFSS? [200 WORDS]
38. VVPAT METHOD IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS
CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
39. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE ROLE OF SVEEP PROGRAMME OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN
ENCOURAGING THE YOUNG VOTERS TO EXERCISE THEIR DEMOCRATIC RIGHT? [200 WORDS]
40. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE AND NECESSITY OF SEBI AMENDMENT BILL 2013 IN CHANGING
SCENARIO? [100 WORDS]
41. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE CRITERIA USED BY ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA TO RECOGNIZE THE
POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA? ENUMERATE THE BENEFITS GIVEN TO THE REGISTERED POLITICAL
PARTIES IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
42. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MATCH FIXING IN SPORTS? HOW MATCH FIXING DIFFERS FROM
SPOT FIXING?
43. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY AADHAAR? DISCUSS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES OF AADHAAR?
ELABORATE THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF AADHAAR LINKED DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFER FOR
LPG? [200 WORDS]
44. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PAID NEWS SYNDROME? HOW DOES PAID NEWS AFFECT
FUNDAMENTAL VALUES OF INDIAN DEMOCRACY? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO PREVENT THE
ISSUE OF PAID NEWS? [ 200 WORDS]
45. TITBITS 1.NOW CANDIDATES HAVE TO DISCLOSE BANK ACCOUNT DETAILS NOT ONLY HELD IN
INDIA BUT FOREIGN COUNTRIES AS WELL 2.COMMUNITY CONNECT SCHEME 3.AMENDMENT TO
RULE 90 OF THE CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961
46. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON -1. MESOPELAGIC FISH 2. NATIONAL SPORTS FEDERATION
3.DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PTGS) 4. MPLADS SCHEME 5.
RASHTRIYA GRAM SWARAJ YOJANA (RGSY) AND RAJIV GANDHI PANCHAYAT SASHAKTIKARAN
ABHIYAN (RGPSA)
47. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF
MINORITIES [200 WORDS]
48. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TWO FINGER TEST? TWO FINGER TEST IS CONSIDERED AS
UNSCIENTIFIC AND NEEDS TO BE SCRAPED COMMENT? ADD A NOTE ON RECENT GUIDELINES
ISSUED BY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH RESEARCH ON MEDICAL CARE TO VICTIMS OF SEXUAL
VIOLENCE? [200 WORDS]
49. THE CREATION OF MINI-CAPITALS PROVIDES A WAY TO ACHIEVE INCLUSIVE AND
DECENTRALIZED DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA. CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
50. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MODEL SCHOOL? DISCUSS THE KEY FEATURES OF A MODEL SCHOOL
UNDER MODEL SCHOOL SCHEME? [ 200 WORDS]
51. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF RASHTRIYA RIFLES? HOW RASHTRIYA RIFLES
DIFFERS FROM ASSAM RIFLES? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 29

52. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINING HIMALAYAN ECOSYSTEM & ITS
53. ELABORATE THE SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS OF THE GOVERNORS (EMOLUMENTS, ALLOWANCES
AND PRIVILEGES) AMENDMENT BILL, 2012? [100 WORDS]
54. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF INTEGRATED CHILD PROTECTION SCHEME [ICPS]? [200
WORDS]
55. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PUBLIC RECORDS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF PUBLIC
RECORDS ACT 1993? THE SENDING OF PUBLIC RECORDS VIA PRIVATE MAIL SERVICES IS A
VIOLATION OF PUBLIC RECORDS ACT 1993 ANALYZE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
56. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOFORTIFICATION? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES?
BIOFORTIFICATION IS A TOOL TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF HIDDEN HUNGER JUSTIFY THE
57. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HIDDEN HUNGER? WHY THE ISSUE OF HIDDEN HUNGER IS GETTING
SIGNIFICANCE? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS THE
PROBLEM OF HIDDEN HUNGER? [200 WORDS]
58. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION PROGRAMME? [100 WORDS]
59. SPECIAL ARTICLE ORDINANCE MAKING POWER OF PRESIDENT IS IT COMPLEMENTARY OR
COMPETITIVE TO THE LEGISLATIVE POWER OF PARLIAMENT?
60. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON ISSUE OF GRANTING SPECIAL CATEGORY STATUS TO STATES & ITS
IMPLICATIONS?
61. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. NANO MISSION 2. TOURISM FRIENDLY POLICIES 3. RAJIV AWAS
YOJANA 4. SCHOLARSHIP TO DISABLED STUDENTS 5. INDIA BAHRAIN AGREEMENTS [50
WORDS EACH]
62. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CLASSICAL LANGUAGE? DISCUSS THE CRITERIA USED BY GoI TO
GRANT CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS? LIST OUT THE BENEFITS TO A LANGUAGE THAT IS
DECLARED AS CLASSICAL LANGUAGE? [200 WORDS]
63. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF NPDS [ AMENDMENT] BILL 2011? [200 WORDS]
64. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATES OF PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES?
[100 WORDS]
65. ELABORATE THE VARIOUS LEGISLATIVE/PROGRAMMATIC MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF WOMEN IN THE LAST FEW YEARS?
66. DESCRIBE THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS TO ENSURE THE GOOD
QUALITY PRODUCTS REACHING CONSUMERS? [ 200 WORDS]
67. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF DRAFT ANDHRA PRADESH REORGANIZATION BILL 2013?
[200 words]
68. DISCUSS THE MAJOR STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ACHIEVE THE TARGET OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS VISION 2020S ZERO ACCIDENTS BY 2020? [200 WORDS]
69. NIRMAL BHARAT ABHIYAN IS OFTEN CONSIDERED AS A HALF EMPTY AND HALF FULL IN
ACHIEVING ITS OBJECTIVES COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
70. LIST OF IMPORTANT LEGAL STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN
REDUCING/PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN INDIA? [100 words]
71. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF AMASR ACT 1958? EXAMINE THE ROLE OF
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA IN PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE MONUMENTS IN
INDIA? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 30

72. ASHAs GIVE NEW HOPE OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN RURAL INDIA COMMENT [100
WORDS]
73. BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SEBI [AMENDMENT] BILL 2013? [100 words]
74. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, LIMITATIONS OF C.B.I? DISCUSS THE MAJOR
CHANGES IN CBIS FUNCTIONS BROUGHT BY LOKPAL BILL? [ 300 WORDS]
75. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY OPERATION FLOOD? EXAMINE ITS ACHIEVEMENTS AND REASONS
FOR ITS SUCCESS? [200 WORDS]
76. INDIA NEEDS A SECOND WHITE REVOLUTION. HUB AND SPOKE MODEL WILL BE ONE OF THE
BETTER MODEL TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS IN SECOND WHITE REVOLUTION. CRITICALLY ANALYZE
THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
77. WHAT IS VOTE ON ACCOUNT? HOW VOTE ON ACCOUNT DIFFERS FROM FULL BUDGET?
BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VOTE ON ACCOUNT? [ 200 WORDS]
78. DEFINE THE TERM WHISTLEBLOWER? HIGHLIGHT THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF
WHISTLEBLOWERS PROTECTION BILL 2011? DISCUSS ITS SHORTCOMINGS? [200 WORDS]
79. DEFINE MINORITY CONCENTRATION BLOCKS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS BACKWARD
PARAMETERS USED BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO IDENTIFY THEM? [ 200 WORDS]
80. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF MAJITHIA WAGE BOARD? [100 WORDS]
81. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON CLEAN INDIA CAMPAIGN? [100 WORDS]
82. SECTION 6A OF DELHI SPECIAL POLICE ESTABLISHMENT ACT IS CONSIDERED AS CLASS
LEGISLATION COMMENT? [100 WORDS]
83. ENUMERATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF
TOURISTS? [100 WORDS]
84. DEFINE STREET VENDORS? DISCUSS THE IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE STREET VENDORS
(PROTECTION OF LIVELIHOOD AND REGULATION OF STREET VENDING) BILL, 2012? [200 WORDS]
85. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MISSION ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND
TECHNOLOGY (NMAET) [100 WORDS]
86. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND ROLE PLAYED BY CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS?
ENUMERATE THE RECENT STEPS TAKEN BY CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCIL TO
TACKLE THE MENACE OF MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS? [200 WORDS]
87. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF PAM RAJPUT COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS? [200
WORDS]
88. CULTURE OF FORMING A SECOND COMMITTEE TO RE-EXAMINE THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF
ORIGINAL OR FIRST COMMITTEE IS PREVALENT IN INDIA CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO SACHAR AND KUNDU COMMITTEES? [200 words]
89. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF FOOD SAFETY & STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF INDIA? [200
WORDS]
90. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INSPIRE PROGRAMME & ITS SIGNIFICANCE [ 100 WORDS]
91. PUBLIC LIBRARIES ARE CONSIDERED AS PEOPLES UNIVERSITY. IN THIS CONTEXT, EXPLAIN IN
DETAIL THE COMPONENTS & SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONAL MISSION ON LIBRARIES [200
WORDS]
92. IT IS THE TIME TO AMEND THE PAYMENT OF THE BONUS ACT 1965 TO REFLECT THE
ASPIRATIONS OF WORKERS IN 21ST CENTURY CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
93. EXAMINE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR BACKWARD
CLASSES IN CHANGING INDIAS DEMOGRAPHICS? [100 WORDS]

ECA 2014 31

94. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR DENOTIFIED & NOMADIC TRIBES IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO
UPLIFT THEM. COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
95. ENUMERATE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ACTS AGAINST SAFETY OF
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND FIXED PLATFORMS ON CONTINENTAL SHELF ACT, 2002? HOW
APPLICATION OF SUA ACT IN ITALIAN MARINES CASE MAY AFFECT INDIA-EU RELATIONS [ 200
words]
96. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY RURAL URBAN CLUSTERS? THE RECHRISTINED PURA SCHEME WILL
ENSURE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL-URBAN CLUSTERS-COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
97. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NAWADCO? [50 WORDS]
98. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON STRUCTURE, MANDATE & FUNCTIONS OF NCPCR? [100 WORDS]
99. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INDIA INCLUSION INNOVATION FUND? [100 WORDS]
100.WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FUND [ 50 WORDS]
101.SAM PITRODA COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS WILL ENSURE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF
PRASAR BHARATI WITH PRIVATE PLAYERS IF IMPLEMENTED IN LETTER AND SPIRIT EVALUATE
[100 WORDS]
101. WRITE A SHORT NOTE NATIONAL COMMUNAL HARMONY AWARDS & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [ 50
WORDS]
102. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MISSION FOR EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN [ 100
words]
103. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES, SALIENT FEATURES OF RECENTLY LAUNCHED NATIONAL
URBAN HEALTH MISSION [200 WORDS]
104. GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON CRITERIA TO GET POLIO FREE NATION STATUS? ENUMERATE THE STEPS
TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF POLIO FROM POLIO ENDEMIC NATIONS?
[200 WORDS]
105. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GETTING NATIONAL MINORITY STATUS TO A COMMUNITY?
[50 WORDS]
106. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE, ROLE & MANDATES OF NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
[NDRF]? [200 WORDS]
107. WRITE A NOTE ON KRISHI KARMAN AWARD & ITS SIGNIFICANCE [100 words]
108. ENUMERATE THE LEGISLATIVE MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR BETTER
SECURITY AND SAFETY OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN [ 200 WORDS]
109. BRIEFLY ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS CHILD ABUSE?
[200 WORDS]
110. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF SUPREME COURTS RECENT JUDGEMENT WHICH MAKES
PROMOTION AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT? [100 words]
111. INTEGRATED MEDICINE IS THE NEED OF HOUR IN INDIA TO ADDRESS HEALTHCARE
CHALLENGES CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 words]
112. OPEN ACREAGE LICENSING POLICY IS THE NEED OF HOUR FOR ENSURING INDIAS ENERGY
SECURITY COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
113. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUSPENDED DEATH SENTENCE? HOW THE NATURE OF DEATH
SENTENCE IN INDIA DIFFERS FROM THAT OF CHINA? [ 200 words]
114. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF VISHAKA GUIDELINES? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 32

115. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY TRP RATING? HOW IT IS CALCULATED? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE
TRP GUIDELINES THAT ARE RECENTLY APPROVED BY UNION CABINET? [200 words]
116. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON YARN SUPPLY SCHEME? [100 WORDS]
117. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON KNOW INDIA PROGRAMME [50 WORDS]
118. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF RUSA? RUSA WILL REDUCE THE QUALITY GAP EXISTS
BETWEEN CENTRAL AND STATE EDUCATION SYSTEM COMMENT?
119. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MERIT AWARDS [ 100 words]
120. SWADHAR GREY SCHEME IS A JOINT EFFORT OF CENTRAL & STATE GOVT TO EMPOWER
WOMEN IN INDIA COMMENT
121. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY E-INCLUSION PROJECT? E-INCLUSION IS THE WAY TO
ACHIEVE TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE CRITICALLY ANALYZE
122. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF RASHTRIYA KISHOR SWATHYA KARYAKRAM? WHY INDIA
NEEDS SUCH SCHEME? [ 200 words]
123. NATIONAL JUDICIAL DATA GRID IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO STRENGTHEN JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN
INDIA. COMMENT [ 100 WORDS]
124. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 120TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT BILL 2013 [200
WORDS]
125. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NALANDA UNIVERSITY BILL 2013? [ 100 WORDS]
126. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL OF
BIO ENERGY [ 100 WORDS]
127. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF VIJAY BHASKAR COMMITTEE?
128. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND
DEMERITS OF IT?
129. WHAT IS GRANTHASALA SANGHOM MOVEMENT? BRIEFLY MENTION THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
IT? [200 WORDS]
130. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD [ 50 WORDS]
131. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON TOTAL LITERACY CAMPAIGN & ITS SIGNIFICANCE
132. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON WAKF [ AMENDMENT] BILL 2013 [ 200 WORDS]
133. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON VASTRA KAMGAR PUNARVAS YOJANA [100 WORDS]
134. THE SOLUTION TO UNDERNUTRITION NEEDS INTEGRATED AND MISSION MODE APPROACH
CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
135. BRIEFLY ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY TRAI TO CURB PESKY CALLS [ 100 WORDS]
136. FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW, WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS THAT NEWS MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS
CURRENTLY FACE? [ 100 WORDS / 5 MARKER]
137. WHAT IS BREAKING NEWS SYNDROME? HOW BREAKING NEWS SYNDROME AFFECTS OUR
FOREIGN POLICY? [ 200 WORDS] [10 MARKS]
138. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DRUG ABUSE? WHAT ARE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA TO PREVENT DRUG ABUSE [ 200 words]
139. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON RECENT CONTROVERSIAL CHANGES PROPOSED IN INTERNATIONAL
CRICKET COUNCILS STRUCTURE & ITS IMPLICATIONS? [ 100 WORDS]
140. SIGN BILINGUISM IS ESSENTIAL FOR FULL ENJOYMENT OF RIGHTS FOR DEAF PEOPLE
CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
141. BRIEFLY ENUMERATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO EMPOWER DEAF PEOPLE & TO
REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL? [100 WORDS]

ECA 2014 33

142. WHAT IS LEAP INITIATIVE? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE? [ 200
WORDS]
143. IRENA ITS STRUCTURE & MANDATE [GS PAPER II]
144. SETTIING UP A NATIONAL DATA REPOSITORY IS ONE STOP SOLUTION TO SOLVE THE MAJOR
PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY OIL & GAS EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION SECTOR IN INDIA
145. BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF DOMESTIC NATURAL GAS PRICING GUIDELINES 2014
[100 WORDS]
146. GIVE A LIST OF STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ADDRESS THE SHORTAGE OF
DOCTORS IN INDIA [100 WORDS]
147. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY 2014 [ 100 WORDS]
148. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MOTHER AND CHILD TRACKING SYSTEM & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100
WORDS]
149. MONORAIL SYSTEM CAN BE CONSIDERED AS FEEDER SERVICE TO METRO RAIL SYSTEM RATHER
THAN CONSIDERING IT AS MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]
150. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES, COMPONENTS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MULTI SECTORAL
NUTRITION PROGRAMME? [200 WORDS]
151. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS ROLES AND FUNCTION OF CAG & HOW CAGs ROLE HELPS IN GOOD
GOVERNANCE ? [200 WORDS]
152. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF RIGHT OF CITIZENS FOR TIME BOUND DELIVERY OF
GOODS AND SERVICES AND REDRESSAL OF THEIR GRIEVANCES BILL, 2011 & THEIR
SIGNIFICANCE? SUMMARIZE THE DRAWBACKS OF THIS BILL? [200 WORDS]
153. DESCRIBE THE HIGHLIGHTS OF RTI ACT 2005? CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE SUCCESS OF RTI ACT
2005? ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO MAKE RTI ACT CITIZEN FRIENDLY?
[300 WORDS]
154. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BILL 2012? [200 WORDS]
155. DESCRIBE THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF DELIMITATION COMMISSION? DISCUSS THE
METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED IN THE PROCESS OF DELIMITATION? [200 WORDS]
156. POLITY & GOVERNANCE
157. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATUS AND ROLE OF LEADER OF OPPOSITION IN THE PRESENT
TIMES? [200 WORDS]
158. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONAL OPTICAL FIBER
NETWORK [NOFN] PROJECT? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR DELAY IN ITS
IMPLEMENTATION? [200 WORDS]
159. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF APPRENTICES [AMENDMENT] BILL 2014? [100 WORDS]
160. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT OF PEOPLES
ACTION & RURAL TECHNOLOGY [CAPART]? WHY CAPART NEEDS TO BE REVAMPED? [200
WORDS]
161. DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF SEBI AMENDMENT BILL 2014? [200 WORDS]
162. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SURROGATE ADVERTISING? DO YOU THINK SOCIAL MEDIA
ADVERTISING AND SURROGATE ADVERTISING OF LIQUOR PRODUCTS SHOULD BE BANNED?
ANALYZE?[200 WORDS]
163. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES, PHASES & SIGNIFICANCE OF SAMPOORN VITTIYEA
SAMAVESHAN? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 34

164. CONSIDER A HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION. YOU ARE A CABINET SECRETARY OF INDIA. A CIVIL
WAR/MILITANT GROUP IS SLOWING TAKING CONTROL OF GOVT OF ABCDE [ SAY IRAQ]. IN THE
COUNTRY ABCDE, MANY INDIAN NATIONALS ARE WORKING AND GOT STRUCK IN THE CIVIL
WAR. AS A CABINET SECRETARY, WHAT ARE THE STEPS YOU WILL TAKE TO BRING BACK INDIANS
SAFELY? [200 WORDS]
165. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS SPECTRUM SHARING, SPECTRUM TRADING, SPECTRUM
REFARMING? DO YOU THINK SPECTRUM TRADING SHOULD BE ALLOWED IN INDIA? DISCUSS
THE PROS AND CONS OF ALLOWING SPECTRUM TRADING IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
166. CONSIDER A SITUATION. YOU ARE A FOREST OFFICER IN CHARGE OF PROTECTING CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED BIRDS. WHAT ARE THE STEPS THAT YOU WILL TAKE TO PROTECT CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED BIRDS [IUCN RED LIST]? [200 WORDS]
167. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY?
[200 WORDS]
168. DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUP OF MINISTERS AND EMPOWERED GROUP OF
MINISTERS? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS WHICH COMPELLED GOVERNMENT TO
ABOLISH THE SYSTEM OF APPOINTING EGoM/GoM? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE
FASTER DECISION MAKING IN GOVERNANCE? [ 200 WORDS]
169. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM CO-OPERATIVE FEDERALISM? IS INDIAN
FEDERALISM CO-OPERATIVE OR COMPETITIVE IN NATURE? COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IS THE
NEED OF HOUR TO TACKLE THE CHALLENGES THAT THREATEN OUR FOREIGN POLICY
OBJECTIVES? [ 200 WORDS]
170. WHAT IS GOALLINE TECHNOLOGY? HOW DOES IT WORK? ADD A NOTE ON ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
[200 WORDS]
171. PUBLIC TOILETS ARE GENERALLY CRITICIZED FOR ITS WOMEN UNFRIENDLY NATURE BECAUSE
OF LACK OF HYGIENE AND SANITATION. SHE-TOILETS PROVIDE A SOLUTION TO THESE
PROBLEMS COMMENT? [100 WORDS]
172. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM WORK CULTURE? A HEALTHY WORK CULTURE IS
IMPORTANT TO ACHIEVE GOOD GOVERNANCE. COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
173. WHAT IS MATCH FIXING? HOW MATCH FIXING DIFFERS FROM SPOT FIXING?
174. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CHALLENGES THAT INDIA IS FACING IN ACHIEVING THE GOALS 4 & 5 OF
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS [MDGs]? ADD A NOTE ON VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GoI IN
FULFILLING THE TARGETS OF GOAL 4 & 5 UNDER MDGs? [ 200 WORDS]
175. THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA IS A LIVING DOCUMENT WHICH GROWS & EVOLVES WITH TIME.
DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF OUR CONSTITUTION TO PROTECT OUR ENVIRONMENT?
[200 WORDS]
176. WHAT IS PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION? WHY PROTEINS ARE VITAL FOR OUR BODY
GROWTH? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ALLEIVATE
POVERTY? [200 WORDS]
177. SECTION 6A OF DELHI SPECIAL POLICE ESTABLISHMENT (DSPE ) ACT CREATES TWO CLASS OF
OFFICERS AND NEED TO BE SCRAPED CRITICALLY ANALYSE ( 100 WORDS )
178. WHY ANIMAL TESTING IN COSMETICS SHOULD BE BANNED ? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS
TAKEN BY GOVT OF INDIA TO STOP ANIMAL CRUELTY IN COSMETICS ? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTION
TO MAKE INDIA FULLY CRUELTY FREE COSMETICS ZONE ? ( 200 WORDS)

ECA 2014 35

179. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF NATIONAL SECURITY GUARDS? ADD A
NOTE ON DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONAL SECURITY GUARDS AND NATIONAL INVESTIGATION
AGENCY [NIA]
180. WHAT IS PRESS FREEDOM INDEX? DISCUSS THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF PRESS FREEDOM INDEX
2014? ADD A NOTE ON YELLOW JOURNALISM? [200 WORDS]
181. DEFINE CLINICAL TRIAL? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PHASES INVOLVED IN CLINICAL TRIALS?
DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO REGULATE CLINICAL
TRIALS? ADD A NOTE ON HELSINKI DECLARATION ON CLINICAL TRIALS? [200 WORDS]
182. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SURROGACY? HOW DOES SURROGACY WORK? SHOULD
COMMERCIAL SURROGACY BE LEGALIZED IN INDIA? COMMENT & ADD A NOTE ON ASSISTED
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY BILL 2010? [ 200 WORDS]
183. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF PRIME MINISTERS OFFICE? PRIME MINISTERS
OFFICE PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF WESTMINSTER MODEL OF
GOVERNMENT IN INDIA CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
184. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF CLINICAL ESTABLISHMENTS (REGISTRATION AND
REGULATION) ACT? ADD A NOTE ON ITS DRAWBACKS? [ 200 WORDS]
185. SECTION 126A OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN ENSURING A LEVEL
PLAYING FIELD DURING INDIAN ELECTIONS? [100 WORDS]
186. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS TRANSGENDERS, HERMAPHRODITISM & TRANSVESTITE?
DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY TRANSGENDERS SINCE INDEPENDENCE?
RECOGNITION OF TRANSGENDER AS A THIRD GENDER IS NOT A SOCIAL AND MEDICAL ISSUE
BUT A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [300 WORDS]
187. WHAT IS UNIFORM CIVIL CODE? DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANCE OF SHAH BANU CASE
JUDGEMENT? THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE WILL MAKE INDIA A TRULY
SECULAR AND MODERN NATION-STATE CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
188. WHAT IS ELECTION MANIFESTO? SHOULD ELECTION MANIFESTOS BE MADE LEGALLY BINDING?
WHAT LESSON THAT INDIA CAN LEARN FROM BHUTAN ON THE ISSUE OF ELECTION
MANIFESTOS? ADD A NOTE ON ELECTION COMMISSON OF INDIAS RECENTLY PUBLISHED
GUIDELINES ON ELECTION MANIFESTO? [200 words]
189. WHAT IS EXIT POLL? HOW EXIT POLL DIFFER FROM OPINION POLL? EXIT POLL IS CONSIDERED
AS RELIABLE INDICATOR THAN PRE-POLL SURVEY/OPINION POLL CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
190. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY OPINION POLL? DO YOU THINK THAT OPINION POLL SHOULD BE
BANNED? OPINION POLLS TEND TO MISLEAD THE VOTERS RATHER THAN TO INFORM THEM
191. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW [AMENDMENT] ACT 2013?
192. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GOOD GOVERNANCE? DESCRIBE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD GOVERNANCE? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STRATEGIES THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED IN
ENSURING GOOD GOVERNANCE? ADD A NOTE ON GOOD GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES IN
INDIA.(200 WORDS)
193. DO YOU THINK INDIA SHOULD OPT FOR COMPULSORY VOTING? EXAMINE THE PROS AND
CONS OF INTRODUCING COMPULSORY VOTING IN INDIA? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS STEPS THAT
NEED TO BE TAKEN, IF INDIA OPTS FOR COMPULSORY VOTING? [ 200 WORDS]
194. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF RTE ACT 2009? [100 WORDS]

ECA 2014 36

195. TITBITS 1. BIOBURDEN 2. RAVINDER DAHIYA 3. ARJUNA AWARD 4. CAN GOVERNMENT BLOCK
ALL PORN WEBSITES 5. KNIGHT GRAND CROSS OF ORDER OF BRITISH EMPIRE? [20 WORDS
EACH]
196. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF BODOLAND TERRITORIAL COUNCIL? DO YOU THINK THAT
SEPARATE BODOLAND STATE SHOULD BE CREATED? ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF
CREATING SEPARATE STATE OF BODOLAND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROBLEMS OF NORTH
EASTERN STATES? [200 WORDS]
197. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MOBILE SEVA PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PROVIDING
INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE? [200 WORDS]
198. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT? [200
WORDS]
199. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON WAKF [ AMENDMENT] BILL 2013 [ 200 WORDS]
200. THE SOLUTION TO UNDERNUTRITION NEEDS INTEGRATED AND MISSION MODE APPROACH
201. BRIEFLY ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY TRAI TO CURB PESKY CALLS [ 100 WORDS]
202. FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW, WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS THAT NEWS MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS
CURRENTLY FACE? [ 100 WORDS / 5 MARKER]
203. WHAT IS BREAKING NEWS SYNDROME? HOW BREAKING NEWS SYNDROME AFFECTS OUR
FOREIGN POLICY? [ 200 WORDS] [10 MARKS]
204. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DRUG ABUSE? WHAT ARE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA TO PREVENT DRUG ABUSE [ 200 words]
205. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON MISSION ONE NATION, ONE GRID & ONE FREQUENCY [ 100
WORDS]
206. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD [ 50 WORDS]
207. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON TOTAL LITERACY CAMPAIGN & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [200 WORDS]
208. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS OF VIJAY BHASKAR COMMITTEE? [100 WORDS]
209. WHAT IS E-MIGRATE PROJECT? HOW IT WORKS? BRIEFLY MENTION THE SIGNIFICANCE OF E-
MIGRATE PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
210. WHAT IS GRANTHASALA SANGHOM MOVEMENT? BRIEFLY MENTION THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
IT? [200 WORDS]
211. WHAT IS MEGA POWER POLICY? WHAT ARE ITS OBJECTIVES? BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE RECENT
AMENDMENTS MADE IN MEGA POWER POLICY 2009? [200 WORDS]
212. NATIONAL JUDICIAL DATA GRID IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO STRENGTHEN JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN
INDIA. COMMENT [ 100 WORDS]
213. BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 120TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT BILL 2013 [200
WORDS]
214. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NALANDA UNIVERSITY BILL 2013? [ 100 WORDS]
215. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY E-INCLUSION PROJECT? E-INCLUSION IS THE WAY TO
ACHIEVE TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 words]
216. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL OF
BIO ENERGY [ 100 WORDS]
217. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF RUSA? RUSA WILL REDUCE THE QUALITY GAP EXISTS
BETWEEN CENTRAL AND STATE EDUCATION SYSTEM COMMENT? [200 words]

ECA 2014 37

218. SWADHAR GREY SCHEME IS A JOINT EFFORT OF CENTRAL & STATE GOVT TO EMPOWER
WOMEN IN INDIA COMMENT [200 WORDS]
219. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MERIT AWARDS [ 100 words]
220. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF RASHTRIYA KISHOR SWATHYA KARYAKRAM? WHY INDIA
NEEDS SUCH SCHEME? [ 200 words]
221. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY 2014 [ 100 WORDS]
222. INDIA IS CONSIDERED AS CANCER CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
223. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON WHITE PAPER & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [50 WORDS]
224. DESCRIBE THE HIGHLIGHTS OF RTI ACT 2005? CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE SUCCESS OF RTI ACT
2005? ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO MAKE RTI ACT CITIZEN FRIENDLY?
[300 WORDS]
225. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BILL 2012? [200 WORDS]
226. IN SOUTH ASIA, INDIA IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE UNSAFE PLACE TO LIVE. ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT WITH THE HELP OF RECENTLY PUBLISHED NATIONAL BOMB DATA CENTRE REPORT?
[200 WORDS]
227. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1. SMS GATEWAY PROJECT 2. NATIONAL POLICY ON BIOFUELS
3.JATROPA MICRO MISSION 4. JABOBA PLANT VS JATROPA PLANT 5. NATIONAL BOARD OF
WILDLIFE 6. CARBON TAX [20 WORDS EACH]
228. THE CREATION OF MINI-CAPITALS PROVIDES A WAY TO ACHIEVE INCLUSIVE AND
DECENTRALIZED DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA. CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
229. ELABORATE THE SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS OF THE GOVERNORS (EMOLUMENTS, ALLOWANCES
AND PRIVILEGES) AMENDMENT BILL, 2012? [100 WORDS]
230. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MODEL SCHOOL? DISCUSS THE KEY FEATURES OF A MODEL
SCHOOL UNDER MODEL SCHOOL SCHEME? [ 200 WORDS]
231. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF RASHTRIYA RIFLES? HOW RASHTRIYA RIFLES
DIFFERS FROM ASSAM RIFLES? [200 WORDS]
232. WRITE A ONE RANK ONE PENSION SCHEME& ITS SIGNIFICANCE [100 WORDS]
233. DEFINE DRYLANDS? WHY DRYLAND FARMING IS SIGNIFICANT IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY LIKE
INDIA? DRYLAND FARMING MISSION COULD ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF FARMERS SUICIDES IN
INDIA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
234. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF INTEGRATED CHILD PROTECTION SCHEME [ICPS]? [200
WORDS]
235. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PUBLIC RECORDS? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF PUBLIC
RECORDS ACT 1993? THE SENDING OF PUBLIC RECORDS VIA PRIVATE MAIL SERVICES IS A
VIOLATION OF PUBLIC RECORDS ACT 1993 ANALYZE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
236. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOFORTIFICATION? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS ADVANTAGES?
BIOFORTIFICATION IS A TOOL TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF HIDDEN HUNGER JUSTIFY THE
237. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GETTING NATIONAL MINORITY STATUS TO A COMMUNITY?
[50 WORDS]
238. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE, ROLE & MANDATES OF NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
[NDRF]? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 38

239. SIGN BILINGUISM IS ESSENTIAL FOR FULL ENJOYMENT OF RIGHTS FOR DEAF PEOPLE
CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
240. BRIEFLY ENUMERATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO EMPOWER DEAF PEOPLE & TO
REALIZE THEIR POTENTIAL? [100 WORDS]
241. WHAT IS LEAP INITIATIVE? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS OBJECTIVES & SIGNIFICANCE? [ 200
WORDS]
242. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES, SALIENT FEATURES OF RECENTLY LAUNCHED NATIONAL
URBAN HEALTH MISSION [200 WORDS]
243. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON RECENT CONTROVERSIAL CHANGES PROPOSED IN INTERNATIONAL
CRICKET COUNCILS STRUCTURE & ITS IMPLICATIONS? [ 100 WORDS]
244. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY RURAL URBAN CLUSTERS? THE RECHRISTINED PURA SCHEME WILL
ENSURE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL-URBAN CLUSTERS-COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
245. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INDIA INCLUSION INNOVATION FUND? [100 WORDS]
246. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON STRUCTURE, MANDATE & FUNCTIONS OF NCPCR? [100 WORDS]
247. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MISSION FOR EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN [ 100
words]
248. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS ROLES AND FUNCTION OF CAG & HOW CAGs ROLE HELPS IN GOOD
GOVERNANCE ? [200 WORDS]

1. INDIAN OCEAN MONSOON SYSTEM PLAYED A CRITICAL ROLE IN NOT ONLY EVOLUTION OF
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES, BUT ALSO IN THE EVOLUTION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL
FEATURES IN INDIA AND INDIAN OCEAN LITTORAL STATES. JUSTIFY THE STATEMENT? [200
WORDS]
2. DESCRIBE THE MAJOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT MAUSAM? ADD A NOTE ON THE
ROLE OF PROJECT MAUSAM IN INTERCONNECTING INDIAN OCEAN LITTORAL STATES? [ 200
WORDS]
3. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CONTINENTAL SHELF? DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF
UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF? [200 WORDS]
4. RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT MODEL OR SABARMATI RIVER MODEL PROVIDES A IDEAL
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS FACED BY MAJOR RIVERS IN INDIA. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
STATEMENT. EXPLAIN THE PROS AND CONS OF SABARMATI RIVER MODEL? [200 WORDS]
5. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEGAM HAZRAT MAHAL IN INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR
INDEPENDENCE? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 39

6. WHAT IS INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE OR INDIAN NINO? DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM INVOLVED IN ITS
FORMATION? HOW INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AFFECTS INDIAN MONSOON PATTERN? ADD A NOTE
ON WALKER CIRCULATION? [200 WORDS]
7. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT? [200
WORDS]
8. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM LONG AVERAGE PERIOD? HOW L.A.P CONCEPT IS
HELPFUL IN CLASSIFICATION OF RAINFALL IN INDIA? DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF
DEFICIT RAINFALL ON INDIAN ECONOMY IN 2014? [200 WORDS]
9. WHAT IS EL-NINO? HOW EL-NINO DIFFERS FROM LA-NINO? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF ENSO SYSTEM ON INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]
10. DESCRIBE THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF YASUKUNI SHRINE IN THE WORLD POLITICS?
HOW YASUKUNI SHRINE AFFECTS CHINA JAPAN RELATIONS? ADD A NOTE ON NANKING
MASSACRE? [ 200 WORDS]
11. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS FACTORS THAT MAKE SRIHARIKOTA AS AN IDEAL SATELLITE LAUNCH
SITE? WHY MOST OF THE WORLDS COMMUNICATION SATELLITES LAUNCH CENTRES ARE
LOCATED IN EAST COAST? [ 200 WORDS]
12. WHAT IS TSUNAMI? HOW DOES IT OCCUR? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS TYPES OF TSUNAMI? ADD A
NOTE ON INDIAN EARLY TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM? [ 300 WORDS]
13. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ROARING FORTIES? EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF
ROARING FORTIES? [200 WORDS]
14. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON Dr.AMBEDKAR NATIONAL AWARD & ITS SIGNIFICANCE? [100
WORDS] +
15. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF LALIT KALA AKADEMI IN PROMOTING
ART & CULTURE IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
16. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY AEROSOLS? DISCUSS VARIOUS TYPES OF AEROSOLS AND THEIR EFFECT
ON EARTH CLIMATIC SYSTEM? HOW LEVEL OF DESERTIFICATION IN WANA REGION AFFECTS
INDIAN MONSOON? [200 WORDS]
17. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FIRST WORLD WAR? DISCUSS THE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN ARMY FROM UNDIVIDED INDIA IN ENSURING THE VICTORY OF
ALLIED POWERS? [200 WORDS]
18. ENUMERATE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CRIMEAN WAR OF 1853 -1856? [200
WORDS]
19. EXAMINE THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF NIGHTINGALE OF INDIA TO PRE- AND POST-
INDEPENDENCE INDIA [ 200 WORDS]
20. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MAULANA HASRAT MOHANI TO INDIAS FREEDOM
STRUGGLE? [200 WORDS]
21. DEFINE AVALANCHES? HOW IT OCCURS? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PREVENTIVE STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO CONTROL AVALANCHES? [200 WORDS]
22. INDIA IS OFTEN CALLED INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE WORLD. CRITICALLY
EVALUATE THE STATEMENT BY USING FOLK DANCES OF INDIA AS AN EXAMPLE [ 300 WORDS]
23. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON JUNBEEL MELA? [50 WORDS]
24. BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF NEW LAND POLICY FOR MAJOR PORTS? [200 words]
25. BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS [AMENDMENT]
ACT 2013 [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 40

26. NATIONAL CANCER GRID IS THE NEED OF HOUR CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
27. ENUMERATE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI TO PRE AND POST-
INDEPENDENCE INDIA? [200 WORDS] [100TH YEAR]
28. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CONTINENTAL MARGIN? HOW ACTIVE MARGIN DIFFERS FROM
PASSIVE MARGIN? ENUMERATE TWO REASONS FOR KG BASIN[MARGIN] TO COME IN THE NEWS
FREQUENTLY? [200 WORDS]
29. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON KIEW EH RNGIEW [ART & CULTURE] [ 50 WORDS]
30. MOHENJODARO WAS ONE OF THE MOST DEVELOPED CITY OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
JUSTIFY THE STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
31. IRRESPECTIVE OF THE PURPOSE, BRITISH RULE IN INDIA LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
RAILWAYS SUBSTANTIATE YOUR ANSWER BY USING PAMPAN BRIDGE AS AN EXAMPLE [100
words]
32. SHORT NOTE SUBHAH EBANARAS,SANJEEVANI BOOTI, KAWAD,TERAH TAALI,PONGAL, TIPU
SULTAN, BHUPEN HAZARIKA, AJI LHAMU, ARECANUT PURULIA CHHAU BHUMKAL FREEDOM
MOVEMENT NARALI PORNIMA JADI BUTI?
33. WHAT IS INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE OR INDIAN NINO? DESCRIBE THE MECHANISM INVOLVED IN ITS
FORMATION? HOW INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AFFECTS INDIAN MONSOON PATTERN? ADD A NOTE
ON WALKER CIRCULATION? [200 WORDS]
34. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEGAM HAZRAT MAHAL IN INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR
35. WHAT IS EL-NINO? HOW EL-NINO DIFFERS FROM LA-NINO? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF ENSO SYSTEM ON INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]
36. NATIONAL MONSOON MISSION IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO A TROPICAL COUNTRY LIKE INDIA
37. SHORT NOTE SUBHAH EBANARAS,SANJEEVANI BOOTI, KAWAD,TERAH TAALI,PONGAL, TIPU
SULTAN, BHUPEN HAZARIKA, AJI LHAMU, ARECANUT PURULIA CHHAU BHUMKAL FREEDOM
MOVEMENT NARALI PORNIMA JADI BUTI? [20 WORDS EACH]
38. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE? HOW INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
DIFFERS FROM TANGIBLE HERITAGE? ADD A NOTE ON SANKIRTANA? [200 WORDS]
39. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON JUNBEEL MELA? [50 WORDS]
40. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF RANI VELU NACHIYAR IN THE FIGHT AGAINST
BRITISH COLONIAL RULE IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
41. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF VEER SAVARKAR IN INDIAS PRE & POST
42. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS TYPHOON, SUPER-TYPHOON, HURRICANE? DESCRIBE THE
MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF TYPHOON/SUPERTYPHOON? HOW TYPHOONS ARE NAMED?
[200 WORDS]
43. WHAT IS LANDSLIDE? HOW DOES LANDSLIDES OCCUR? HOW TO DETECT LANDSLIDES BEFORE IT
OCCURS? DISCUSS THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVT OF INDIA TO PREVENT/REDUCE THE IMPACT OF
LANDSLIDES? ADD A NOTE ON NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON LANDSLIDES AND SNOW
AVALANCHES? [200 WORDS]
44. DSCUSS THE VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY BABU JAGJIVAN RAM TO PRE-INDEPENDENCE
AND POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 41

1. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF UNIDO? ADD A NOTE ON UNIDOS SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY FOR ALL REPORT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INDIA? (200 WORDS
2. DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF IRAQ TO INDIA? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR
ONGOING IRAQ CRISIS? HOW DOES IRAQ CRISIS AFFECT INDIAN ECONOMY? WHAT INDIA CAN
DO TO PROTECT OUR ECONOMY FROM SUCH FLUCTUATIONS? [200 WORDS]
3. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE CHANGING NATURE OF INDIA BHUTAN RELATIONS? [ 200 WORDS]
4. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY ZERO SUM GAME IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS? [100
WORDS]
5. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES AND
PROVISIONS OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS
WHICH COMPEL INDIA NOT TO SIGN NON PROLIFERATION TREATY? [200 WORDS]
6. INDUS WATER TREATY IS CONSIDERED AS PARTITIONING OF RIVERS RATHER THAN SHARING OF
RIVER WATER CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
7. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ONE COUNTRY TWO SYSTEMS MODEL? HOW IT HELPED CHINA TO
REUNIFY ITS TERRITORIES? [200 WORDS]
8. EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WESTERN PACIFIC NAVAL SYMPOSIUM? ADOPTION OF CODE FOR
UNPLANNED ENCOUNTERS AT SEA [CUES] WILL HELP TO BRING DOWN TENSION IN SOUTH AND
EAST CHINA SEA DISPUTES CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
9. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WHITE CONTINENT? WHY IS IT SIGNIFICANT? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS
FEATURES OF ANTARCTIC TREATY 1959? ADD A NOTE ON INDIAS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN
ANTARCTICA? [200 WORDS]
10. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON UNs SAFE CITY PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INDIA? [100
WORDS]
11. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF UN ECOSOC? [100 WORDS]
12. WHAT IS INDIAS EXTENDED NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT? INDIAS EXTENDED
NEIGHBOURHOOD IS CRUCIAL FOR OUR ENERGY SECURITY CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
13. WHAT IS EU BLUE CHIP INITIATIVE? COMPARE IT WITH US GREEN CARD INITIATIVE? IN THE
GLOBALIZED WORLD, THE MOVEMENT OF HIGHLY SKILLED PROFESSIONALS IS VERY IMPORTANT
POLICY TOOL TO CREATE GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. CRITICALLY ANALYZE
THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
14. WHAT IS NITAQAT PROGRAMME? HOW IT IMPACTS INDIA SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS? [200
WORDS]
15. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LABOUR COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND
SAUDI ARABIA [100 words]
16. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSULAR ACCESS AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND
PAKISTAN? [100 WORDS]
17. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON INDIA MALDIVES RELATIONS

ECA 2014 42

18. WHAT IS BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY [BIT]? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH INDIAS BITs WIT OTHER NATIONS? SUGGEST THE MEASURES TO AVOID THE
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH IT? [200 WORDS]
19. BIMSTEC ACTS AS BRIDGE BETWEEN SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
20. WHAT IS MARITIME SILK ROAD? COMPARE THE MARITIME SILK ROAD STRATEGY WITH STRING
OF PEARLS STRATEGY? DO YOU THINK THAT INDIA SHOULD JOIN MARITIME SILK ROAD PLAN? -
21. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT? [200
WORDS]
22. IN CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS, SOMETIMES TINY NATIONS OCCUPY SIGNIFICANT
POSITION BECAUSE OF ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION. ANALYZE THE STATEMENT BY USING
AZERBAIJAN AS AN EXAMPLE & ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING INDIA RUSSIA RELATIONS? [200
WORDS]
23. TEESTA RIVER WATER SHARING ISSUE & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA -BANGLADESH RELATIONS [200
WORDS]
24. DO YOU THINK THAT 1950 INDIA NEPAL TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP SHOULD BE
REVISED? COMMENT [200 WORDS]
25. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF UNAIDS ? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF
RECENTLY PUBLISHED UNAIDS GAP REPORT?(200 WORDS)
26. DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF JAPAN TO INDIA? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
CHANGING NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORLDS LARGEST DEMOCRACY AND ASIAS
OLDEST DEMOCRACY? [200 WORDS]
27. WHAT IS ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL OF IAEA? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIAS
RATIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL TO IAEA? [200 WORDS]
28. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF MARRAKESH TREATY? ADD A NOTE ON CHALLENGES THAT
NEED TO BE ADDRESSED TO IMPLEMENT MARRAKESH TREATY IN INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]
29. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF UN RESOLUTION AGAINST CHILD
MARRIAGE? EXAMINE THE REASONS FOR INDIAS OPPOSITION TO THIS UNITED NATIONS
RESOLUTION? [ 200 WORDS]
30. WHAT ARE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS? WILL INDIA BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE M.D.G
TARGETS BY THE YEAR 2015? CRITICALLY ANALYZE. ADD A NOTE ON IMPORTANT STEPS TAKEN
BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ACHIEVE M.D.Gs? [200 WORDS]
31. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE & MANDATE OF SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL
COOPERATION [SAARC]? [200 WORDS]
32. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT?[100 WORDS]
33. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INDIA DENMARK RELATIONS? [100 WORDS]
34. CRITICALLY ANALYSE THE REASONS FOR NIGERIAN CRISIS & ROLE OF BOKO HARAM IN
DESTABILIZING THE WESTERN AFRICA? [200 WORDS]
35. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
MIGRATION? [100 WORDS]
36. DEFINE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE & TENTATIVE LIST? DISCUSS THE CRITERIA USED TO
SELECT A SITE AS WORLD HERITAGE SITE? ADD A NOTE ON RECENTLY ADDED UNESCO
TENTATIVE LIST OF INDIAN SITES & THEIR CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE? [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 43

37. WHAT ARE YOGYAKARTA PRINCIPLES? DISCUSS THE IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF YOGYAKARTA
PRINCIPLES? HOW YOGYAKARTA PRINCIPLES ARE IMPORTANT TO INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON THE
ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS IN PROMOTING YOGYAKARTA PRINCIPLES?
[200 WORDS]
38. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF UN WATER? [200 WORDS]
39. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF UNIDO? ADD A NOTE ON UNIDOS SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY FOR ALL REPORT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INDIA? (200 WORDS)
40. WHAT IS WASHINGTON ACCORD? DISCUSS ITS VARIOUS FEATURES? HOW INDIA WILL GET
BENEFITED BY BECOMING A MEMBER OF WASHINGTON ACCORD? ADD A NOTE ON SEOUL,
DUBLIN & SYDNEY ACCORD? [200 WORDS]
41. WHAT IS ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK [AIIB] INITIATIVE? DO YOU THINK INDIA
SHOULD JOIN ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE POSSIBLE
PROS AND CONS OF SUCH DECISION? [200 WORDS]
42. WHAT IS GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL? HOW GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL IS SIGNIFICANT
TO INDIA? ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION OF WORKERS FROM INDIA TO GCC NATIONS IS A THORNY
ISSUE BETWEEN INDIA AND GCC NATIONS. GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE
RELATIONS FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE? [200 WORDS]
43. DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF IRAQ TO INDIA? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR
ONGOING IRAQ CRISIS? HOW DOES IRAQ CRISIS AFFECT INDIAN ECONOMY? WHAT INDIA CAN
DO TO PROTECT OUR ECONOMY FROM SUCH FLUCTUATIONS? [200 WORDS]
44. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE CHANGING NATURE OF INDIA BHUTAN RELATIONS? [ 200 WORDS]
45. WHAT IS INDIAS LOOK EAST POLICY? EXAMINE THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH LED TO THE
EVOLUTION OF INDIAS LOOK EAST POLICY? DO YOU THINK INDIAS LOOK EAST POLICY IS A
SUCCESSFUL INITIATIVE? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT WITH EXAMPLES [200 WORDS]
46. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR BANGLADESH MYANMAR BORDER DISPUTE?
ANALYZE HOW THE IDENTITY OF ROHINYAS MUSLIMS IS LINKED WITH BORDER DISPUTE? ADD A
NOTE ON THE POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF MYANMAR BANGLADESH BORDER DISPUTE FOR
INDIA? [200 WORDS]
47. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT? WHY INDIA IS NOT IN
FAVOR OF INCLUDING CYBER SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES UNDER WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT?
DO YOU THINK INDIA SHOULD BECOME A MEMBER OF WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT?
COMMENT. [ 200 WORDS]
48. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY BACKCHANNEL DIPLOMACY? WHY BACKCHANNEL
DIPLOMACY IS NEEDED? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF BACKCHANNEL DIPLOMACY IN BUILDING INDIA
PAKISTAN RELATIONS? [200 WORDS]
49. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY ZERO SUM GAME IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?
50. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES AND
PROVISIONS OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE REASONS
WHICH COMPEL INDIA NOT TO SIGN NON PROLIFERATION TREATY? [200 WORDS]
51. INDUS WATER TREATY IS CONSIDERED AS PARTITIONING OF RIVERS RATHER THAN SHARING OF
RIVER WATER CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
52. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ONE COUNTRY TWO SYSTEMS MODEL? HOW IT HELPED CHINA TO
REUNIFY ITS TERRITORIES? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 44

53. EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WESTERN PACIFIC NAVAL SYMPOSIUM? ADOPTION OF CODE
FOR UNPLANNED ENCOUNTERS AT SEA [CUES] WILL HELP TO BRING DOWN TENSION IN SOUTH
AND EAST CHINA SEA DISPUTES CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
54. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WHITE CONTINENT? WHY IS IT SIGNIFICANT? DESCRIBE THE
VARIOUS FEATURES OF ANTARCTIC TREATY 1959? ADD A NOTE ON INDIAS RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES IN ANTARCTICA? [200 WORDS]
55. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON UNs SAFE CITY PROJECT & ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INDIA? [100
WORDS]
56. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF UN ECOSOC? [100 WORDS]
57. WHAT IS INDIAS EXTENDED NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT? INDIAS EXTENDED
NEIGHBOURHOOD IS CRUCIAL FOR OUR ENERGY SECURITY CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
58. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WORLD HERITAGE IN DANGER? HOW IS THE CONCEPT USEFUL IN
PROTECTING WORLD HERITAGE SITES? ADD A NOTE ON WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION? [200
WORDS]
59. TITBITS 1. ARJUNA AWARD 2. SUPRAX 3. SHOMPEN TRIBES 4. DECADE OF SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY FOR ALL [2014 2024] INITIATIVE 5. EARTH HOUR 6. MISSION TECHNOLOGY PRIZE
60. WHAT IS AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FEATURES
OF THIS AGREEMENT? SHOULD INDIA JOIN THE AGREEMENT? EXPLAIN [ 200 WORDS]
61. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY NUCLEAR DOCTRINE? DESCRIBE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAS
NUCLEAR DOCTRINE? HOW NUCLEAR WEAPONS ARE CONTROLLED IN INDIA? SHOULD INDIAS
NO FIRST USE DOCTRINE NEED TO BE REVISITED CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE STATEMENT? [200
words]
62. WE, AS A NATION, ARE NOT ABLE TO CONDUCT NATIONAL GAMES FOR LAST FIVE YEARS.
ANALYZE THE REASONS FOR THIS FAILURE? NATIONAL GAMES SHOULD BE SCRAPED TO
ALLOCATE THE FUNDS FOR PREPARING INDIAN ATHELTES FOR INTERNATIONAL EVENTS
CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STATEMENT? [ 200 WORDS]
63. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM BILATERAL INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND
PROTECTION AGREEMENT? DESCRIBE ITS VARIOUS OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE? ADD A
NOTE ON NATIONAL TREATMENT & MOST FAVORED NATION STATUS? [ 300 WORDS]
64. WHAT IS ARMS TRADE TREATY? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS FEATURES OF U.N ARMS TRADE TREATY?
ARMS TRADE TREATY, IF IMPLEMENTED IN LETTER AND SPIRIT BY ALL UN MEMBERS, WILL
PREVENT/REDUCE THE OCCURRENCE OF ANOTHER SYRIAN CONFLICT LIKE SITUATION
65. WHAT ARE NUCLEAR MATERIALS? HOW NUCLEAR MATERIALS DIFFER RADIOLOGICAL
MATERIALS? BRING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 2014 HAGUE NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT IN
ENSURING NUCLEAR SECURITY AND PREVENTING NUCLEAR TERRORISM? [200 WORDS]
66. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION? HOW GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION IS GRANTED? DISCUSS
THE VARIOUS BENEFITS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS? ADD A NOTE ON LAW/CONVENTION
DEALING WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS? [ 200 WORDS]
67. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION? DISCUSS
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ON WHALE HUNTING? [ 200 WORDS]
68. DISCUSS THE ROLE OF AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL IN PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS? BRING OUT
THE SALIENT FEATURES OF GLOBAL DEATH PENALTY REPORT 2013? [200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 45

69. INDIA SHOULD PREFER TO JOIN REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP RATHER
THAN JOINING TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP IN REALIZING THE GOAL OF MAKING 21ST
CENTURY AS ASIAN CENTURY- CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
70. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF ORGANIZATION OF SECURITY AND CO-
OPERATION IN THE CHANGING GEO-STRATEGIC EURASIAN SECURITY ENVIRONMENT? [200
WORDS]
71. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. G7 2. G8 3. G20 4 G8+5 & DIFFERENTIATE THEM? [50 WORDS
EACH]
72. DIEGO GARCIA IS VITAL FOR MAINTAINING AMERICAS HEGEMONY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
REGION CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [200 WORDS]
73. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WORLD HERITAGE? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF UNESCO IN PROTECTING
WORLD HERITAGE SITES? [200 WORDS]
74. CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INTERPOL? [200 WORDS]
75. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF UNITED NATION HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
[UNHRC]? ADD A NOTE ON UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW MECHANISM? [200 WORDS]
76. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLD WAR? DESCRIBE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUNCES OF COLD
WAR? 21ST CENTURY IS EXPERIENCING SECOND / NEO-COLD WAR- COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
77. INDIAS SECURITY DEPENDS UPON THE SECURITY OF INDIAN OCEAN CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
78. CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE IPR DISPUTE BETWEEN INDIA AND USA? HOW THE ISSUE OF USING
COMPULSORY LICENSING IN PHARMA SECTOR CAN BE SOLVED? [200 WORDS]
79. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROVISIONS OF GANGES WATER TREATY 1996? [200 WORDS]
80. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INDIAS RIVER WATER SHARING AGREEMENTS WITH ITS
NEIGHBOURS? [100 WORDS]
81. IN SOUTH ASIA, INDIA IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE UNSAFE PLACE TO LIVE. ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT WITH THE HELP OF RECENTLY PUBLISHED NATIONAL BOMB DATA CENTRE REPORT?
[200 WORDS
82. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE? HOW INTANGIBLE HERITAGE
DIFFERS FROM TANGIBLE HERITAGE? ADD A NOTE ON SANKIRTANA? [200 WORDS]
83. BIMSTEC ACTS AS BRIDGE BETWEEN SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
84. WHAT IS MARITIME SILK ROAD? COMPARE THE MARITIME SILK ROAD STRATEGY WITH STRING
OF PEARLS STRATEGY? DO YOU THINK THAT INDIA SHOULD JOIN MARITIME SILK ROAD PLAN? -
85. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT? [200
WORDS
86. IN CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS, SOMETIMES TINY NATIONS OCCUPY SIGNIFICANT
POSITION BECAUSE OF ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION. ANALYZE THE STATEMENT BY USING
AZERBAIJAN AS AN EXAMPLE & ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING INDIA RUSSIA RELATIONS? [200
WORDS
87. UKRAINE IS UNDERGOING SECOND ORANGE REVOLUTION CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE
STATEMENT? [200 words]
88. DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE AND MANDATES OF G20? BRING OUT THE SALIENT FEATURES OF G20
COMMUNIQUE 2014? [200 words]

ECA 2014 46

89. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT KARAKORAM HIGHWAY PROJECT? HOW KARAKORAM
HIGHWAY PROJECT MAY AFFECT INDIAS INTERESTS? KARAKORAM HIGHWAY PROJECT IS
CONSDIERED AS GAME CHANGER WITH REGARD TO CHINAS ENERGY SECURITY INTERESTS-
90. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON KATCHATHEEVU ISLAND CONTROVERSY & SOLUTIONS
91. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON EXCLAVE & ENCLAVE & INDIA & BANGLADESH BORDER ISSUES &
SOLUTIONS
92. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON INDIA-PAKISTAN-AFGHANISTAN TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIP
93. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY BCIM CORRIDOR INITIATIVE? BCIM INITIATIVE WILL BOOST
INDIAS STRATEGIC TIES WITH CHINA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
94. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON GEOPOLITICS IN SOUTH CHINA SEA & ITS IMPLICATIONS
95. USA IS INDIAS LARGEST EXPORT MARKET FOR PHARMA PRODUCTS DESPITE SOME UNRESOLVED
ISSUES. DISCUSS THE ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE SOLVED TO IMPROVE IN INDIA-USA PHARMA
TRADE RELATIONS? [200 WORDS]
96. STRAIT OF MALACCA IS CONSIDERED AS STRATEGIC CHOKE POINT JUSTIFY? [200 WORDS]
97. CHINAS YUNNAN PROVINCE PROVIDES SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY INDIAS
NORTHEASTERN REGION ANALYZE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
98. MILAN & INDIAN OCEAN NAVAL SYMBOSIUM [IONS] ARE COMPLEMENTARY RATHER THAN
COMPETITIVE IN NATURE. CRITICALLY ANALYZE. [ 200 WORDS]
99. UKRAINE IS BECOMING A NEXT PLACE OF COLD WAR BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC AND COMMUNIST
FORCES IN THE WORLD CRITICALLY ANALYSIS [200 WORDS]
100. TEESTA RIVER WATER SHARING ISSUE & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA -BANGLADESH RELATIONS [200
WORDS]
101. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM ABENOMICS? HOW ABENOMICS IS DIFFERENT FROM
LIKONOMICS? DISCUSS IN DETAILS THE IMPLICATIONS OF ABENOMICS TO INDIA? [200 WORDS]
102. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON GEOPOLITICS AROUND A TEMPORARY LINE LINE OF CONTROL
103. ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR FISHERMEN PROBLEMS BETWEEN INDIA AND SRILANKA? GIVE
YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM? [ 100 WORDS]
104. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT NANKING MASSACRE? NANKING MASSACRE IS ONE OF THE
THORNY ISSUE IN ESTABLISHING PEACEFUL EAST ASIA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
105. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION ON DRONES
[100 WORDS]
106. THERE IS A MARKED SHIFT IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRADEMARK FILINGS TOWARDS ASIA
ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
107. SPECIAL ARTICLE ON INDIA MALDIVES RELATIONS
108. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSULAR ACCESS AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND
PAKISTAN? [100 WORDS]
109. DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LABOUR COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND
SAUDI ARABIA [100 words]
110. WHAT IS NITAQAT PROGRAMME? HOW IT IMPACTS INDIA SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS? [200
WORDS]
111. WHAT IS AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE? HOW ADI ZONE DIFFERS FROM FLIGHT
INFORMATION ZONES? BRING OUT THE GEO-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHINESE ADIZ? [200
WORDS]

ECA 2014 47

112. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE GEOSTRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ARCTIC REGION? OPENING UP OF
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE WILL DIMINISH THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUEZ CANAL IN GLOBAL
MARITIME TRADE CRITICALLY EXAMINE[ 200 WORDS]
113. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM NUCLEAR UMBRELLA? HOW NUCLEAR
UMBRELLA CONCEPT DIFFERS FROM NUCLEAR SHARING CONCEPT? NUCLEAR NON-
PROLIFERATION IS BECOMING A FORGOTTEN WORD IN CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL GAME OF
NUCLEAR DETERRENCE CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
114. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) INDEX
2014? ENUMERATE THE REASONS FOR INDIAS LOWEST RANK IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INDEX? [200 MARKS]
115. -INTEGRATED CHECK POSTS ARE CRUCIAL FOR STABILITY AND PROSPERITY OF SOUTH ASIA
CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]

1. NATIONAL SMART WATERWAYS GRID MISSION IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO ENSURE NOT ONLY
WATER SECURITY & ENERGY SECURITY, BUT ALSO TO MAKE OUR AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABLE
CRITICALLY ASSESS THE STATEMENT? [200 WORDS]
2. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON 1. RHODODENDRONS, 2. PHOOL SANKRANTI, 3. CNEMASPIS GIRII
(DWARF GECKOS), 4. MICROPLASTICS, 5. IUCN GLOBAL MARIE AND POLAR PROGRAMME [ 50
WORDS EACH]
3. TITBITS 1. BIOBURDEN 2. RAVINDER DAHIYA 3. ARJUNA AWARD 4. CAN GOVERNMENT BLOCK
ALL PORN WEBSITES 5. KNIGHT GRAND CROSS OF ORDER OF BRITISH EMPIRE
4. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? HOW DOES IT OCCUR? DESCRIBE THE
VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM? [ 200 WORDS]
5. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY AIR POLLUTION? DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF RECENTLY
RELEASED W.H.O 2013 REPORT ON AIR POLLUTION? ANALYZE THE VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN BY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION? [200 WORDS]
6. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM ICE STREAM? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF ICESTREAM
IN MAGNIFYING THE PROBLEM OF SEA LEVEL RISE? DESCRIBE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
OF SEA LEVEL RISE?[300 WORDS]
7. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HAILSTORMS? HOW HAILSTONES ARE FORMED? DISCUSS THE ROLE
OF UPDRAFT AND THUNDERSTORM IN HAILSTONE FORMATION? [200 WORDS]
8. TITBITS -1.WORLD LARGEST DEMOCRACY REMAINS BIGGEST ARMS IMPORTER 2.FORFEITURE
OF DEPOSIT IN ELECTIONS & ITS CHANGING TRENDS 3.207 AGAINST 377 CAMPAIGN 4.SECTION
5 OF ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986 5.NANUQSAURUS HOGLUNDI
9. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT? DISCUSS VARIOUS COMPONENTS,
PRINCIPLES OF E.I.A? ADD A NOTE ON EIA NORMS IN INDIA? [400 WORDS]

ECA 2014 48

10. WHAT IS E-EYE? HOW IT WORKS? E-EYE PROJECT OPENS A NEW VISTA FOR PREVENTING MAN-
ANIMAL CONFLICT CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]
11. WHAT IS BIOPESTICIDE? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES OVER
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES? ADD A NOTE ON THE ROLE OF NATIONAL PROJECT ON ORGANIC
FARMING IN PROMOTING USE OF BIOPESTICIDES IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
12. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM SPONGES? WHY SPONGES ARE ESSENTIAL FOR
MAINTAINING HEALTHY ECOSYSTEM? HOW SPONGES HAVE PLAYED A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE
EVOLUTION OF HIGHER AND COMPLEX ORGANISMS? [200 WORDS]
13. RECENTLY INDIA IS EMERGED AS HOME TO LARGEST NUMBER OF BIRD SPECIES. IN THIS
BACKGROUND, BRING OUT THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO PROTECT
MIGRATORY SPECIES? [200 WORDS]
14. GREEN INDIA MISSION IS NOT MERELY A PLANTATION PROGRAM BUT IT IS CONSIDERED AS
ANOTHER WAY TO ELIMINATE POVERTY JUSTIFY THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
15. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HEAT ISLANDS? ENUMERATE THE CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF URBAN
HEAT ISLANDS? WRITE A NOTE ON SAFAR PROJECT ? [ 200 WORDS]
16. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM CARBON FOOTPRINT? HOW CARBON FOOTPRINT
IS CALCULATED? DESCRIBE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVT OF INDIA TO REDUCE THE CARBON
FOOTPRINT? ESTABLISH LINKAGE BETWEEN YOUR FOOD CHOICES AND CARBON FOOTPRINT?
[200 WORDS]
17. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ECO TOURISM? DISCUSS THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF ECO-
TOURISM?[200 words]
18. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY AGROFORESTRY? AGROFORESTRY HAS THE POTENTIAL TO
TRANSFORM THE LIVELIHOODS OF RURAL ECONOMY-COMMENT? ELABORATE THE STEPS
TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO PROMOTE AGROFORESTRY IN INDIA? [ 200 WORDS]
19. DEFINE DRYLANDS? WHY DRYLAND FARMING IS SIGNIFICANT IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY LIKE
INDIA? DRYLAND FARMING MISSION COULD ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF FARMERS SUICIDES IN
INDIA COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
20. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY? DRAW A WIND
ENERGY POTENTIAL MAP OF INDIA? ELABORATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
TO PROMOTE WIND ENERGY GENERATION? [200 WORDS]
21. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUD? DESCRIBE THE REASONS AND ITS
IMPACTS ON SOUTH ASIA? [200 words]
22. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX? BRIEFLY MENTION ITS OBJECTIVES?
DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF E.P.I 2014 REPORT? [200 words]
23. WHAT IS POLAR VORTEX? HOW IT FORMS? EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF POLAR VORTEX IN DEPLETING
OZONE LAYER? [ 200 WORDS]SPECIAL ARTICLE RHINOCEROS A WORLDS 5TH LARGEST
LAND ANIMAL GOING TOWARDS EXTINCTION??
24. STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO CONSERVE RHINOCEROS POPULATION? [100
WORDS]
25. ENUMERATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED
SPECIES [100 WORDS]
26. ENUMERATE THE STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED
SPECIES [ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 49

27. WHAT IS MOCLIC PROJECT? WHY THIS PROJECT IS IMPORTANT IN CHANGING CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS? [ 100 WORDS]
28. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING
29. WHAT IS FAMILY FARMING? WHY IS FAMILY FARMING IMPORTANT? [100 words]
30. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS AND DEVELOPMENT CAN NOT GO HAND IN HAND. CRITICALLY
EXAMINE THE STATEMENT [ 200 WORDS]
31. DEFINE OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? HOW IT OCCURS? ARCTIC OCEAN IS GETTING ACIDIFIED FASTER
THAN OTHER OCEANS-COMMENT? [200 WORDS]
32. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INTEGRATED FARMING? EASTERN INDIA IS OFTEN CALLED AS
SLEEPING GIANT IN TERMS OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL. RICE FISH CULTIVATION IS ONE OF
THE WAY TO WAKE UP SLEEPING GIANT CRITICALLY ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
33. BLACK CARBON IS CONSIDERED AS CLIMATE FORCING AGENT CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200
WORDS]
34. NATIONAL MONSOON MISSION IS THE NEED OF HOUR TO A TROPICAL COUNTRY LIKE INDIA
35. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WESTERLIES? RECENT AIR POLLUTION FROM CHINA AFFECTS USA
DIRECTLY AND INDIA INDIRECTLY JUSTIFY THE STATEMENT WITH THE HELP OF WESTERLIES
CONCEPT? [ 200 WORDS]
36. ENUMERATE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR RIVER POLLUTION IN INDIA? TO REDUCE THE RIVER
POLLUTION IN INDIA, SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES NEED TO BE MODERNIZED. CRITICALLY
EXAMINE THE REASONS? ADD A NOTE ON B.K MITTAL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ON
SILTATION PATTERN OF INDIAN RIVERS? [200 WORDS]
37. WHAT IS BLUE CARBON? DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF MANGROVES THAT HELP TO
COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS BEING
FACED BY SUNDERBANS MANGROVES? [200 WORDS]
38. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE & COMMON BUT DIFFERTIATED
RESPONSIBILITIES? EXPLAIN THE POLLUTER PAY PRINCIPLE CONCEPT BY USING NATIONAL
CLEAN ENERGY FUND AS AN EXAMPLE? ADD A NOTE ON THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR UNDER-
UTILIZATION OF NATIONAL GREEN ENERGY FUND? [200 WORDS]
39. DEFINE BLUE WATER, GREEN WATER & GREY WATER? IF YOU TURN TO VEGETARIAN DIET /
REDUCE THE CONSUMPTION OF MEAT, YOU CAN HELP THE GOVERNMENT IN FIGHTING
AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING/CLIMATE CHANGE. JUSIFY THE STATEMENT WITH FACTS? [200
WORDS]
40. WHAT IS NAGOYA PROTOCOL? WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF NAGOYA PROTOCOL?
HOW DOES IT BENEFIT INDIA? ADD A NOTE ON ITS DRAWBACKS? [200 WORDS]
41. WHAT IS GASOHOL? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE PROS AND CONS OF ETHANOL BLENDING
PROGRAMME? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE A ETHANOL BLENDING PROGRAMME A
SUCCESSFUL ONE? [200 WORDS]
42. NAME THE IMPORTANT SCHEMES THAT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IS IMPLEMENTING TO ACHIEVE
CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE? ADD A NOTE ON NATIONAL INITIATIVE ON CLIMATE
RESILIENT AGRICULTURE? [200 WORDS]
43. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PHASES OF GANGA RIVER ACTION PLAN? CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
VARIOUS REASONS FOR ITS FAILURE ? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE INDIAN RIVERS
CLEAN?[ 200 WORDS]

ECA 2014 50

44. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND? HOW DOES IT AFFECT WATER
QUALITY? ANALYZE THE VARIOUS FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE VALUE OF BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN DEMAND OF GANGES RIVER IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
45. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE
INDIAS GROWTH TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? ADD A NOTE ON THE RECENT
RECOMMENDATIONS OF TERI ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? [200 WORDS]
46. CLUSTER COUNTING OF VOTES SHOULD BE INTRODUCED INSTEAD OF WARD-WISE COUNTING
OF VOTES TO PROTECT THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY OF VOTERS CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
47. WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING? DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES OF GOING FOR GREEN BUILDING? ADD
A NOTE ON GRIHA SYSTEM IN RATING GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA/ [200 WORDS]
48. WHAT ARE EDGE SPECIES? DISCUSS THE VARIOUS MAN-MADE FACTORS THAT THREATEN THE
SURVIVAL OF EDGE SPECIES? GIVE A LIST OF IMPORTANT EDGE SPECIES IN INDIA? [200 WORDS]
49. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE TERM COVER CROPS? HOW CAN COVER CROPS PLAY A
CRUCIAL ROLE IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE? ADD A NOTE ON VARIOUS BENEFITS
OF COVER CROPS? [200 WORDS]
50. WHAT IS OCEAN FERTILIZATION OR IRON FERTILIZATION? HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW DOES
OCEAN FERTILIZATION HELP TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING? [200 WORDS]
51. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CARBON SEQUESTRATION? DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS
METHODS INVOLVED IN CARBON SEQUESTRATION? ADD A NOTE ON ITS APPLICATIONS? [200
WORDS]
52. WHAT IS 1.GLOBAL WARMING 2. CLIMATE CHANGE 3. UNFCCC 4.BASIC GROUP 5. AOSIS
GROUP 6. KYOTO PROTOCOL 7. COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITY 8. G77 9.
EMISSIONS TRADING 10. INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM FOR LOSS AND DAMAGE [ 30 WORDS
EACH]
53. WHAT IS POLAVARAM PROJECT? DO YOU THINK POLAVARAM PROJECT SHOULD BE
IMPLEMENTED? CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE PROS AND CONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF
POLAVARAM PROJECT? [200 WORDS]
54. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? HOW DOES IT OCCUR? DESCRIBE THE
VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM? [ 200 WORDS
55. BLACK CARBON IS CONSIDERED AS CLIMATE FORCING AGENT CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200
WORDS]
56. WHAT IS FAMILY FARMING? WHY IS FAMILY FARMING IMPORTANT? [100 words]
57. WHAT IS MOCLIC PROJECT? WHY THIS PROJECT IS IMPORTANT IN CHANGING CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS? [ 100 WORDS]
58. THERE IS A MARKED SHIFT IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRADEMARK FILINGS TOWARDS ASIA
ANALYZE [ 200 WORDS]
59. APART FROM POACHERS, MANY OTHER FACTORS ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
THREATENING THE SURVIVAL OF ENDANGERED SPECIES CRITICALLY ANALYZE [200 WORDS]
60. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING [100 WORDS]
61. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINING HIMALAYAN ECOSYSTEM & ITS

ECA 2014 51

62. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON 1.HEINZ AWARDS 2. QUESTION HOUR 3.PROKASH KARMAKAR
4.JAPANS DRAFT ENERGY POLICY & SIGNIFICANCE 5.MISSISSIPPI RIVER 6.INDIA SAUDI ARABIA
TRADE COOPERATION [20 WORDS EACH]
63. IRENA ITS STRUCTURE & MANDATE [100 WORDS]
64. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUD? DESCRIBE THE REASONS AND ITS
IMPACTS ON SOUTH ASIA? [200 words]

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