BOOT THE SYSTEM(3)

CONTENTS
BIOS
BOOTLOADER
KERNEL
DMESG
/VAR/LOG/DMESG
INIT
BIOS--->Specifes how to boot
F2 for boot option
Basic input and output systems
Specifies how the system boots
BOOTLOADERS--->Specifies what to boot
LILO-->LInux LOader
GRUB--->GRand Unified Bootloader in Ubuntu
Press Esc for menu while booting
3 diff options
1.Generic Kernel
2.Recovery mode
3.MemTest--->Test memory
Highlight (1.) default line and press (e) to edit
4 options
1.UUID sometimes hd(0,0)--->Tells which hard drive to boot from the devi
ce
2.Kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-44-generic root=uuid
where
/boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-44-generic--->kernel to boot from
root==uuid--->Telling the kernel where boot is located
3.initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-44-generic
initrd--->Kernel loads the programs itself going (initial ram di
sk).
For booting purpose kernel uses it
4.quiet--->Hide lot of kernel messages
highlight 2 and press e for grub edit
splash--->graphical looking boot things
Removing quite and splash all debugging stuff
press (d) for delete
press (e) for edit
press (b) for boot
KERNEL
Kernel is the heart of the OS which has control over all the hardware or resourc
es and memories
DMESG--->Changes In memory real time
dmesg-->current changes takes place in the memory
/VAR/LOG/DMESG
/var/log/dmesg-->file itself just from the computer boot up after that i
t stops
/var/log/messages--->log of all informations and from other computers al
so
INIT--->Parent of all process
init is the parent of all process
pstree--->shows hierarch of all commands
huge servers running in init, it is the key process
RHEL CentOS running on init
cd /boot--->Describing what kernel to boot
cd boot/grub--->grub files
vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic-pae--->kernel file
initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic-pae--->initrd file on /boot
cd /boot/grub--->boot loader