Coursera, Spring 2013 Instructors: Charles W. Clark and Victor Galitski
Guest Lecture: Electron Spin Part III: Spin Dynamics and LS Coupling Guest lecturer: Prof. Ian Appelbaum, U. Maryland Physics Dept. http://appelbaum.physics.umd.edu Spin in a magnetic field s are 2x2 Pauli matrices m s =+1/2 spin up m s =-1/2 spin down (m s =, g=2) Eigenvalues/eigenvectors: State evolution Example: An electron spin is prepared in an eigenstate of S x . It then evolves in a magnetic field along . What is the expectation value of the x-component of spin? Eigenstates: Time evolution in B z : Expectation value: Similarly, Larmor precession at frequency set by up/down splitting in B z : Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic moment: So Adding orbital and spin angular momenta Only total angular momentum (J=L+S) is conserved NOT L+2S! Can we still conclude If so, what is our new g? But what is S L? Land g-factor g : Land g-factor (m J =-j,-j+1, , j-1,+j) g L : Land g-factor Alfred Land Examples: Anomalous Zeeman effect explained j m J g L Selection rules: j=+1 or -1 and m J =0,+1, or -1. 2 2/3 -2/3 1/3 -1/3 g L m J 2-1= +1 2/3-1= -1/3 2/3-(-1)= +5/3 -2/3-1= -5/3 -2/3-(-1)= +1/3 j m J g L m J =0,+1, or -1. -2/3 -2 g L m J 1 -1 -2/3-(-1)= +1/3 -2-(-1)= -1 i n t e n s i t y h
0 -5/3 -1 -1/3 +1/3 +1 +5/3 x B B z Note SIX spectral lines, and ALL shift with B z because of different g-factors!
Zero Point Energy Per Stereo Radian and the Distribution of Gravitational Acceleration of Planets Throughout the Solar System.: The Origin and Cause of Gravitation