Jhana Mae M.

Urgelles
Chairmane L. Abanilla
Jomar M. Aranilla
Richard Alphege A. Ravalo
is a simple quantitative
ratio of relevant documents retrieved to the
total number of relevant documents
potentially available. Recall depends on the
level of exhaustivity allowed by the indexing
policy.

Example:
If there are 100 relevant documents in the
library that are relevant to the users needs
and the indexing system retrieves 75, then
the recall ratio is 75 out of 100 (75/100).
Recall for this search is 75 percent effective.
1. Precision measure is the ratio of relevant
documents retrieved to the total number of
documents retrieved. Relevance or precision
depends on the terminology of the text being
indexed and the specificity of the indexing
language used.
Example:
If 100 documents are retrieved and 50 of
those items are relevant to the request, the
precision ratio is 50 to 100 (50/100). Precision
for this search is 50 percent effective.
Good bibliographic form
it includes all useful data,
leaves out useful data, and
is consistent in format.
For example:
if using only the initials of an authors given name
fulfills the needs of the user and causes no ambiguity,
it would be foolish to waste space or time verifying the
full name.

Bibliographic form will be specified by rules of
format, and these rules should followed closely.
Care must be taken to see that the data is
recorded accurately, for the obvious reason
that incorrect entries cause the document to
become inaccessible.
Even if an error is not critical, it can be
irritating to the user.

to examine the paper more closely,
not every document has to be read completely
spot reading may be sufficient for the next
indexer to understand what concepts are
dealt with
On the other hand,
some documents may have to be read
completely, maybe more than once, before the
indexer feels confident in identifying the
subject content.
Content analysis can be affected by:
environmental situation
amount of time
policy decision

The title
The abstract
The text itself
The reference section
3. Subject Determination
Determine the subject(s) covered.
Simply put what the document is about.
Concepts in the document must be identified and
expressed in words and a list of possible descriptors for
the index prepared.

The indexer:
scans a document
looking at sentences, phrases and words that reveal what
the document is about.
Subjective decision is made concerning the meaning of
the document and what is relevant to the users of the
index.

Two general types of indexer:
Reads a paper and understands what the paper is
about.
Not totally understand the paper but has the talent
for selecting appropriate keywords from the text.
Objective:
Form a mental picture of what the author is saying.
The author is not present, and all the indexer has to go on are
those black, printed symbols on the paper.
Language is ambiguous and metaphorical, and the indexer
must now make the best possible subjective decision.
For example:
The mosquitoes attacked with the ferocity of a tiger is about
mosquitoes, not tigers, and tigers would be an incorrect term.
4. Conversion to the indexing language
Involves converting the concept list into a list of acceptable
index terms.
If a controlled vocabulary is being used, this implies using an
authority list to do the conversion.
The terms in the concept list are matched against the
thesaurus or other authority lists with the goal of choosing
final descriptors within the accepted framework of the
prescribed indexing language.
Each concept word from the list is checked in the thesaurus or other
authority lists for several possibilities:
(a) Is there an exact equivalent available?
Concept list Thesaurus
Cats Cats
Thus, Cats becomes the index term.
(b) If not, is there a synonym or near-synonym?
Concept list Thesaurus
Student grouping USE: Grouping (instructional
purposes)
Grouping (instructional purposes) becomes the index term.

(c) Is there a narrower term that might be used?
Concept list Thesaurus
Inspection Inspection
USE: Supervision
Supervision
UF: Inspection
NT: School Supervision
Thus, either Supervision or School supervision, or both, might be
used, depending on policy and on exactly what the original concept
inspection conveyed.
(d) Should a broader term be used?
Concept list Thesaurus
Labor organizations Labor organizations
USE: Trade unions
Trade unions
UF: Labor organizations
BT: National organizations
(e) Should a related term be used?
Concept list Thesaurus
Information science Information science
RT: Library science
Thus, both terms might be used, again according to the content of the paper and its
use of the term Information science.