18.

1 Exporturile, importurile i soldul operaiunilor

de comer internaional
18.2 Indicii valorii unitare n comerul internaional
18.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev.3
Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni
conform CSCI, Rev. 4
18.4 Comerul internaional, pe marile categorii economice (MCE)
18.5 Comerul internaional, conform clasificrii produselor
pe activiti (CPA 2002), comerul internaional,
conform clasificrii produselor pe activiti (CPA 2008)
18.6 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe moduri de transport
18.7 Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (1999 - 2006)
Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (2006 - 2009)
18.8 Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele
capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (lei)
Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele
capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (euro)
18.9 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene
(UE-15), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
n anii 1998-2003
18.10 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene
(UE-25), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
n anii 2004, 2005 i 2006
18.11 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene,
pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
n anul 2007
18.12 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene,
pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
n anul 2008
18.13 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene,
pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
n anul 2009
18 COMER INTERNAIONAL
DATA SOURCE
For 2004 - 2006:
The National Customs Authority (NCA) which
collects and processes export and import customs
declarations.
National Institute of Statistics, which collects and
processes data for imports and exports of electricity
and natural gas from importing/exporting companies
based on statistical forms. These data are
subsequently submitted to NCA in order to be
processed and to complete the data obtained from
customs declarations.
Starting with 2007:
For EXTRA-EU trade:
The National Customs Authority (NCA) which
collects and processes export and import
customs declarations.
National Institute of Statistics which collects and
processes data for imports and exports of
electricity and natural gas from
importing/exporting companies based on
statistical forms. These data are subsequently
submitted to NCA in order to be processed and
to complete the data obtained from customs
declarations.
For INTRA-EU trade:
INTRASTAT statistical declarations collected by
NIS directly from the trade operators which
achieved a value volume of intra-community
dispatches of goods higher than lei 900000 or a
volume of intra-community arrivals of goods
higher than lei 300000.
customs declarations collected and processed
by National Customs Autority (NCA) for intra
community trade regarding goods for internal
processing or processing under customs control,
goods from/to the parts of EU statistical territory
which do not belong to EU fiscal territory.
The percentage of collected data was over 95.0% of
total volume of trade, both for intra-community arrivals
and dispatches of goods. Data estimations were
performed for the rest of 5.0 % representing the trade
value below the INTRASTAT thresholds and non-
responses.
SURSA DATELOR
Pentru perioada 2004 - 2006:
Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care
colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de
export i import.
Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe
formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import i
export de energie electric i gaze naturale de la
societile importatoare/exportatoare. Aceste date
sunt transmise la ANV pentru prelucrare i ntregirea
datelor obinute din declaraiile vamale.
ncepnd cu anul 2007:
Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE:
Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care
colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de
export i import.
Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz
pe formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de
import i export de energie electric i gaze
naturale de la societile importatoare/
exportatoare. Aceste date sunt transmise la ANV
pentru prelucrare i ntregirea datelor obinute din
declaraiile vamale.
Pentru comerul INTRA-UE:
declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT colectate de
ctre INS direct de la operatorii economici care
au realizat un volum valoric al expedierilor
intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de
900000 lei sau un volum al introducerilor
intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 300000 lei.
declaraiile vamale colectate i prelucrate de
ctre ANV, pentru comerul intracomunitar privind
bunuri pentru prelucrare intern sau prelucrare
sub control vamal; bunuri care se mic din/ctre
pri ale teritoriului statistic al UE dar, care nu
aparin teritoriului fiscal al UE.
Gradul de colectare a datelor INTRASTAT a fost de
peste 95,0% att pentru introduceri ct i pentru
expedieri intracomunitare de bunuri, din volumul total al
introducerilor i respectiv expedierilor intracomunitare de
bunuri. Pentru restul de cca 5,0% reprezentnd valoarea
comerului sub pragurile INTRASTAT i non-rspunsuri
au fost realizate estimri de date.
PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Bunurile ce fac obiectul schimburilor internaionale
sunt clasificate potrivit Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
care st la baza tarifului vamal comunitar. Datele
statistice sunt prezentate i pe grupe de bunuri din
Clasificarea Standard de Comer Internaional (CSCI,
Rev.4), Marile Categorii Economice (MCE) i conform
Clasificrii Produselor pe Activiti (CPA), care se
stabilesc pe baza unor chei de conversie ntre NC i
aceste clasificri.
Sfera de cuprindere:
Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: se cuprind expedierile
de bunuri din Romnia cu destinaia alt stat membru UE
i introducerile (intrrile) de bunuri n Romnia avnd ca
ar de expediie un alt stat membru UE.
Expedierile din Romnia includ:
bunuri n liber circulaie care prsesc teritoriul
statistic al Romniei cu destinaia alt stat membru UE;
bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de
prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii) sau prelucrare
sub control vamal n Romnia i care sunt destinate
altor state membre.
Introducerile n Romnia includ:
bunuri n liber circulaie ntr-un stat membru UE
care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei;
bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de
prelucrare activ sau prelucrare sub control vamal n
alt stat membru UE i care intr pe teritoriul statistic
al Romniei.
Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: se cuprind schimburile
de bunuri ntre Romnia i statele nemembre UE, avnd
ca obiect: importul direct de bunuri pentru consum,
bunurile importate scoase din antrepozitele vamale sau
zonele libere pentru a fi puse n consum, exportul de
bunuri de origine naional, precum i exportul de bunuri
importate, declarate pentru consumul intern.
Se cuprind, de asemenea:
importurile temporare de bunuri strine pentru
prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii);
exporturile de produse compensatoare rezultate
dup prelucrare activ;
exporturile temporare de bunuri pentru prelucrare
pasiv (prelucrare n alte ri);
importurile de produse compensatoare rezultate
dup prelucrarea n afara rii i bunurile importate
sau exportate n sistemul de leasing financiar (la
valoarea integral a bunurilor).
n comerul internaional nu sunt cuprinse:
bunurile n tranzit, bunurile temporar admise/scoase
n/din ar (cu excepia celor pentru prelucrare), bunurile
achiziionate de organizaii internaionale pentru utilizri
proprii n Romnia, bunurile pentru i dup reparaii i
piesele de schimb aferente.
METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Goods which are subject to international exchanges
are classified according to the Combined Nomenclature
(CN), on which the community customs tariff is also
based. Statistical data are also presented by commodity
groups of Standard International Trade Classification
(SITC, Rev. 4), Broad Economic Categories (BEC) and
according to Classification of Products by Activities (CPA),
which were set up based on conversion tables between
these nomenclatures and the Combined Nomenclature.
The scope:
For INTRA-EU trade: are included dispatches of
goods from Romania to another EU Member State and
arrivals in Romania having as country of dispatch
another EU Member State.
Dispatches from Romania include:
goods released for free circulation which leave the
statistical territory of Romania with another EU
Member State as destination;
goods which were placed under customs procedure
of inward processing (inside the countrys territory)
or processing under customs control procedure in
Romania with other Member States as destination.
Arrivals in Romania include:
goods released for free circulation in a member state
of EU which enter the statistical territory of Romania;
goods which were placed under customs procedure
of outward processing or processing under customs
control procedure in another EU Member State
which enter the statistical territory of Romania.
For EXTRA-EU trade: are included exchange of
goods between Romania and non-EU Member States,
having as object: direct import of goods for consumption,
imported goods released from customs warehouses or
free zones for consumption, export of national goods and
export of goods imported declared for internal
consumption.
There are also included:
temporary imports of foreign goods for inward
processing (inside the countrys territory);
exports of compensatory products which result
following the inward processing;
temporary exports of goods for outward processing
(processing outside the countrys territory);
imports of compensatory products which result
following processing outside the countrys territory
and imported or exported goods for financial leasing
(at total value of goods).
The international trade does not include: goods in
transit, goods temporarily admitted/released in/from the
country (except those subject to processing), goods
purchased by international organizations for own use in
Romania, goods for and after repairs and afferent spare
parts.
533
Valoarea bunurilor exportate i importate s-a
stabilit pe baza preurilor efective FOB la exporturi i a
preurilor efective CIF la importuri.
Preul FOB (n limba englez Free on Board - Liber
la bord) reprezint preul la frontiera rii exportatoare,
care include valoarea bunului, toate cheltuielile de
transport pn la punctul de mbarcare, precum i toate
taxele suportate pentru ca bunul s fie ncrcat la bord.
Preul CIF (n limba englez Cost, Insurance,
Freight-Cost, Asigurare, Navlu) reprezint preul la
frontiera rii importatoare, care cuprinde att
elementele componente ale preului FOB, ct i costurile
asigurrii i transportului internaional.
Datele valorice sunt exprimate n lei, euro i dolari
SUA. Conversia n euro, respectiv n dolari, a datelor
valorice exprimate n lei (colectate prin declaraiile statistice
INTRASTAT i declaraiile vamale), se face utiliznd:
cursul de schimb mediu lunar lei/euro, respectiv
lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei,
pentru sistemul INTRASTAT;
cursul de schimb lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar,
comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei pentru
penultima zi de miercuri a lunii, pentru sistemul
EXTRASTAT.
Indicii valorii unitare pentru export i import se
calculeaz avnd la baz valorile unitare (medii)
exprimate n euro, pentru un nomenclator de bunuri
reprezentative din Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), la
nivel de 8 cifre, conform formulei Paasche.
Pentru agregarea indicilor de valori unitare calculai la
nivel de 8 cifre pe diverse nivele din NC i total exporturi,
respectiv total importuri, se utilizeaz ca element de
ponderare valoarea bunurilor din perioada curent.
Baza de calcul utilizat pentru calculul indicilor de
valori unitare este anul precedent, iar indicii de valori
unitare cu alte baze se calculeaz prin nlnuire.
Datele cantitative sunt exprimate n general n tone,
iar pentru unele bunuri n uniti de msur specifice
(buci, m
3
, kwh etc.).
Gruparea exporturilor/importurilor pe moduri de
transport se realizeaz pe baza identitii i naionalitii
mijlocului de transport care trece frontiera de stat cu
mrfurile exportate/importate.
Repartizarea pe ri a schimburilor internaionale se
realizeaz astfel:
pentru comerul INTRA-UE pe baza principiului
ara de destinaie (la expedieri) i ara de
expediie (la introduceri);
pentru comerul EXTRA-UE pe baza principiului
ara de destinaie (la export) i ara de origine
(la import, cu excepia cazului n care ara de origine
este un stat membru UE-caz n care se ia n
considerare ara de expediie).
The value of exported and imported goods was
set up based on actual FOB prices for exports and on
actual CIF prices for imports.
FOB price (Free on Board) represents the price at
exporter country border, including the value of goods, all
transport expenditure until the embarking point, as well
as all the taxes paid for the goods to be loaded on board.
CIF price (Cost, Insurance, Freight) represents the
price at importer country border, including both the
components of FOB price, as well as the insurance and
international transport costs.
Value data are expressed in Lei, Euro and USD. The
conversion for the data in Lei (collected through Intrastat
statistical declarations and customs declarations) in
Euro, respectively USD, is made using:
average monthly exchange rate Lei/Euro,
respectively Lei/USD, published by National Bank of
Romania, for INTRASTAT system;
exchange rate Lei/Euro, respectively Lei/USD
published by National Bank of Romania for the
penultimate Wednesday of the month, for
EXTRASTAT system.
Unit value indices for international trade on data
expressed in euro are calculated based on the average
unit values, for a representative goods nomenclature
from the Combined Nomenclature (CN), at 8 digits level,
according to Paasche formula.
For the agregation of unit value indices, calculated at
8 digits level, on different levels, from CN and total
exports, respectively total imports, it is used as weighting
element the goods value from the current period.
The used calculation base for the calculation of unit
value indices is the previous year, and unit value indices
with other bases are calculated by chaining.
Quantitative data are generally in tonnes and for
some goods in specific measurement units (pieces, m
3
,
kwh a.s.o.).
The grouping of exports/imports by modes of
transport is made on the basis of both identity and
nationality of the means of transport which pass the state
frontier with the exported/imported goods.
Foreign exchanges of goods are distributed by
countries as follows:
for INTRA-EU trade, based on the principle
country of destination (for dispatches) and
country of dispatch (for arrivals);
for EXTRA-EU trade, based on the principle
country of destination (for export) and country
of origin (for import, except the situation when the
country of origin is a EU Member State when the
country of dispatch is taken into account).
Se consider ara de destinaie ara n care
bunurile vor fi consumate, ara de expediie ara din
care bunurile au fost expediate i ara de origine ara n
care a fost produs bunul sau n care bunul a suferit ultima
transformare substanial.
Gruparea rilor pe continente i pe zone economice
se face conform recomandrilor Oficiului de Statistic al
Uniunii Europene (EUROSTAT). Gruprile pe ri au
urmtoarea componen:
Uniunea European (UE): Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria,
Republica Ceh, Cipru, Danemarca, Estonia,
Finlanda, Frana, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia,
Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie,
Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Romnia, Slovacia,
Slovenia, Spania, Suedia, Ungaria.
Asociaia European a Liberului Schimb (AELS):
Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Liechtenstein.
Organizaia rilor Exportatoare de Petrol
(OPEC): Algeria, Arabia Saudit, Emiratele Arabe
Unite, Irak, Iran, Kuweit, Libia, Nigeria, Qatar,
Venezuela, Angola.
OECD-UE: SUA, Canada, Japonia, Australia, Noua
Zeeland, Turcia, Mexic, Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia,
Republica Coreea, Insulele Virgine Americane.
Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI):
Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia),
Kazahstan, Kirghizstan, Republica Moldova,
Federaia Rus, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ucraina,
Uzbekistan.
ri din bazinul mediteranean-UE: Albania,
Bosnia-Heregovina, Algeria, Egipt, Gibraltar,
Croaia, Israel, Iordania, Liban, Libia, Maroc,
Macedonia, Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate, Siria,
Tunisia, Turcia, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Muntenegru,
Serbia.
Diferenele ntre datele pe total i valorile
obinute din nsumarea diverselor structuri utilizate
sunt datorate rotunjirilor.
Country of destination is considered the country
where goods will be consumed, country of dispatch the
country from where the goods were dispatched and
country of origin is the country where the commodity was
produced or last substantial transformation was performed.
The groups of countries by continents and economic
zones are made according to the recommendations of
European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). The
economic groups by countries have the following
components:
European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Hungary.
European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Iceland,
Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporter
Countries (OPEC): Algeria, Saudi Arabia, United
Arabian Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Venezuela, Angola.
OECD-EU: USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, New
Zeeland, Turkey, Mexico, Iceland, Norway,
Switzerland, Republic of Korea, Virgin Islands
(United States).
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia),
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova,
Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Countries from Mediterranean Area-UE: Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Alger, Egypt, Gibraltar, Croatia,
Israel, Jordan, Libya, Lebanon, Morocco, Macedonia,
Occupied Palestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia,
Turkey, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Montenegro, Serbia.
The differences between total data and data
obtained by cumulating the different structures used
are due to rounding up.
18.G1
Exporturile i importurile n comerul internaional al Romniei
Exports and imports in international trade of Romania
41,9%
40,6%
38,8%
36,5%
37,1%
42,7%
58,1%
59,4%
61,2%
63,5%
62,9% 57,3%
2007 2006 2005 2004
Exporturi FOB
FOB Exports
Importuri CIF
CIF Imports
2008
Comerul internaional / International trade
milioane euro / euro million
80871 66596 54823 45216 90965 68037
2009
41,8%
40,7%
38,8%
36,5%
37,1%
42,7%
58,2%
59,3%
61,2%
63,5%
62,9% 57,3%
2007 2006 2005 2004 2008
Comerul internaional / International trade
milioane dolari S.U.A. / USD million
110885 83442 68193 56149 133960 94923
2009
Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor
de comer internaional (FOB/CIF)
Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and balance of international
trade operations (FOB/CIF) 18.G2
Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de
comer internaional (FOB/CIF) cu Uniunea European (UE)
Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and trade balance (FOB/CIF) with
European Union (EU) 18.G3
Import CIF
Sold FOB / CIF
FOB / CIF Balance
Export FOB
milioane euro / euro million
Import CIF
Sold FOB / CIF
FOB / CIF Balance
Export FOB
-7346
-10313
-14896
-21773
-23515
-9869
26281
32568
40746
51322
57240
38953
18935
22255
25850
29549
33725
29084
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
-16073
-6872
39838
28472
23765
21600
2008 2009
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
milioane euro / euro million
Partenerii comerciali ai Romniei, pe principalele grupe de ri, n anul 2009
Romanias trade partners, by main groups of countries, in 2009 18.G4
Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF) pe principalele seciuni
conform CSCI, Rev. 4, n anul 2009
Exports (FOB) and imports (CIF), by main sections according
to SITC, Rev. 4, in 2009 18.G5
TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084
TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953
TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
Uniunea European (UE-27)
European Union (EU-27)
TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084
TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953
TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
Alte ri din Europa
Other European countries
A.E.L.S.
E.F.T.A.
Alte ri
Other countries
74,3% 73,1%
11,9% 9,4%
2,3%
1,2%
11,5% 16,3%
42,9% 34,0%
18,3% 21,4%
15,7%
14,0%
6,0%
9,8%
5,1%
9,4%
12,0% 11,4%
Maini i echipamente pentru transport
Machinery and transport equipment
Combustibili minerali, lubrifiani
i materiale derivate
Mineral fuels, lubricants
and related materials
Articole manufacturate diverse
Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Mrfuri manufacturate clasificate
mai ales dup materia prim
Manufactured goods classified
mainly by the raw material
Produse chimice i produse derivate,
nespecificate n alt seciune
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.
Alte bunuri
Other goods
Principalele ri partenere, n anul 2009
The main partner countries, in 2009 18.G6
Orientarea geografic a exporturilor i importurilor Romniei, n anul 2009
Geographical distribution of Romanian exports and imports, in 2009 18.G7
Uniunea European
European Union
Asia
Africa
Alte ri din Europa
Other European countries
America
Oceania
EXPORTURI
EXPORTS
IMPORTURI
IMPORTS
TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084
TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953
TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
18,7%
17,3%
15,3%
11,7%
8,2%
8,3%
5,0%
6,2%
4,4%
4,9%
48,4%
51,6%
Italia
Italy
Germania
Germany
Frana
France
Turcia
Turkey
Ungaria
Hungary
Alte ri
Other countries
Alte ri
Other countries
Germania
Germany
Italia
Italy
Ungaria
Hungary
China
China, Peoples Rep. of
Frana
France
74,3% 73,1%
14,1%
10,6%
7,0%
12,8%
2,4% 0,7%
2,1%
2,7%
0,1% 0,1%