Julie Kutz

10/06/14
Design Project 1
Calculations
Morehead City, NC as destroyed !y a hurricane and is !eing re!uilt as "a#asna, NC$
%he Ne&ort 'i#er is recreationally used (or (latater &addling, canoeing, and (ishing$ )nstrea*
ater +uality criteria to !e calculated (ro* no less than ,- *g/. to no greater than 400 *g/.
hardness$ Chloro&hyll a cannot !e greater than 40 ug/l (or la/es, reser#oirs, and other aters
su!ject to groths o( *acrosco&ic or *icrosco&ic #egetation not designated as trout aters, and
not greater than 1- ug/l (or la/es, reser#oirs, and other aters su!ject to groths o( *acrosco&ic
or *icrosco&ic #egetation designated as trout aters$ Dissol#ed o0ygen cannot !e less than 6$0
*g/l (or trout aters1 (or non2trout aters, not less than a daily a#erage o( -$0 *g/l ith a
*ini*u* instantaneous #alue o( not less than 4$0 *g/l$ %he &3 shall !e nor*al (or the aters in
the area, hich generally shall range !eteen 6$0 and 4$0$ %he tur!idity in the recei#ing ater
shall not e0ceed -0 Ne&helo*etric %ur!idity 5nits 6N%57 in strea*s not designated as trout
aters and 10 N%5 in strea*s, la/es or reser#oirs designated as trout aters$ 8or the la/es and
reser#oirs not designated as trout aters, the tur!idity shall not e0ceed ,- N%5$ 9ases, total
dissol#ed cannot !e greater than 110 &ercent o( saturation$
:dditional *a0i*u* standards set include1
:rsenic; -0 ug/l1
Chlorine, total residual; 1< ug/l1
Chro*iu*, total reco#era!le; -0 ug/l1
8luorides; 1$= *g/l
.ead, total reco#era!le; ,- ug/l
Mercury; 0$01, ug/l
Nic/el; == ug/l
6$
'etain the :ction .e#el regulations (or co&&er, sil#er, zinc, and chloride$state rules go#erning
ri#er 2
- state sur(ace ater +uality standards 2
2 di((erent classi(ications
- min DO level required -
- concentration of xylene allowed in river -
- xylene come from -
- what reg governs drinking water quality -
- level of xylene allowed in drinking water -
- level of lead allowed -
3/4
A CBOD is a measurement of oxygen-demanding waste. Deoxygenation is the
rate at which oxygen is consumed in oxidizing the waste. Reaeration is the rate at which
oxygen is resupplied from the atmosphere. When oxygen is being consumed more
rapidly than it can be put back in from the atmosphere, BOD is being added to the water.
This oxygen depletion can further cause health issues among fsh and
macroinvertebrates, as well as turbidity and odor issues. Surveying the oxidation of a
waste that was discharged into a river and then mixed in the river fow helps us
ascertain the impact on the rivers oxygen resources.
The waste decays further downstream from the point where it was released. To
fnd how far downstream the waste decays to 20mg/L or less, the plug fow reactor
(PFR) model was used. The intake water met the requirement of a 5-day CBOD equal to
or less than 20 mg/L at -distance- downstream. The intake of the drinking water
treatment plant could be placed that far downstream.
Summary
The community of Eureka, CA needed a new water treatment plant to fulfll the
peoples water drinking needs. The plant was placed -distance- from a river governed by
state regulations so that the community can receive high quality drinking water. To
ensure the distribution of high quality water, the river water source was Jar Tested to
determine the appropriate amount of alum to be added to the water. By measuring and
testing the contaminants and natural chemicals in the water source, lime and soda ash
dosages could be determined as well. These measurements are applied to the water
demand throughout the community and the average fow estimate found from that
demand. The high standards to which -company name- distribute the drinking water
from this source are set with the average fow estimates found and optimal treatments.
-company name- strives to provide the most ideal water processes, and further the most
ideal drinking water, while being open to the public about each method. A public meeting
will be held on October 5, 2014 for the general public to hear the details of how
-company name- brings Eureka, CA safe, reliable, and tasty water.
Steps
Rapid Mixing
Water fows into the rapid mixing tank so that it can be mechanically mixed before
moving on to the focculation step. The rapid mixing blends the chemicals that are
added to the water. Coagulants added to water are non-toxic and destabilize the
negatively charged particles. The inorganic metal coagulant added is aluminum sulfate.
Aluminum sulfate, also known as alum, is a weak acid that is soluble in water. Jar
testing is used to determine the appropriate alum dosage.
Flocculation
After the coagulants are added, the destabilized particles, or colloids, can foc together
because the repulsive forces between the particles diminish. This formation process is
called focculation, which later allows the particles to weigh enough to settle to the
bottom of the tank. The focculation tank is separated into three chambers each
containing rotating paddles. It takes more time for the water to fow through the
focculation step as the paddles must rotate slowly rather than quickly. The purpose of
focculation is to have the focs sink to the bottom of the tanks so that they can be
removed from the water to be fowed into the next process.
Sedimentation
The sunken focs are removed in the sedimentation step. The water in the sedimentation
basin sits for over three hours. The heavier focs with densities over 1,000 kg/m^3 will
fall due to gravity. Squeegees are in place at the bottom of the basin to scrape the focs
out of the water and into a sludge pipe. The water in the top of the tank continues on in
the process, while the focs are removed and taken to a landfll.
Filtration
The smaller particles left in the water after the sedimentation step must be fltered out in
the fltration step. Water runs vertically through the flter leaving the smaller particles
behind. The flter is composed of sand, anthracite coal, garnet, ilmenite, and granular
activated carbon (GAC). The flter cannot get clogged for future water runs, so the
method of backwashing is used. Backwashing pushes the smaller particles out of the
flter from the bottom up. It can last up to 30 minutes to complete the backwashing
process. The entire fltration lasts up to 4 days.
Disinfection