1.

TIEMPOS VERBALES en las pasivas

TIEMPO
VERBAL
VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA
Presente
Simple
writes / write am/is/are written
Presente
Continuo
is/are writing am/is/are being written
Pasado
Simple
wrote was/were written
Pasado
continuo
was/were writing was/were being written
Presente
Perfecto
Simple
has/have written has/have been written
Pasado
Perfecto
had written had been written
uturo
Simple
will write will be written
uturo
!"oin" to!
am/is/are going to write am/is/are going to be written
uturo
Perfecto
will have written will have been written
Condicional
Simple
would write would be written
Condicional
Perfecto
would have written would have been written
Modales
can/could/must/should/have
to/ought towrite
can/could/must/should/have
to/ought tobe written
Modales
Perfectos
can/could/must/should/have
to/ought tohave written
can/could/must/should/have
to/ought tohave been written
Infinitivo
Simple
to write to be written
Infinitivo
Perfecto
to have written to have been written
#erundio writing being written
Participio written been written
1. $SO
El uso de la pasiva es mucho ms comn en ingls que en castellano
(prensa, publicidad, discursos)
La vo pasiva se utilia cuando queremos hablar de algo o alguien
a!ectado por una acci"n poniendo n!asis en la acci"n # en su ob$eto%
E%g% &he !ood was coo'ed quic'l#% (La comida !ue cocinada
rpidamente%)
El complemento agente introducido por (b#( se puede omitir en los
siguientes casos)
* +uando est claro quin es, e%g% &he thie! was arrested last night%
* +uando no es importante o se desconoce, e%g% ,# dog was !ound two
da#s ago%
El complemento agente aparece cuando tiene importancia, e%g% ,ona
Lisa was painted b# Leonardo -a .inci
%& VERBOS CO' (OS OB)ETOS
+uando el verbo activo tiene dos ob$etos, el ob$eto indirecto
generalmente pasa a ser el su$eto de la oraci"n pasiva%
e%g% (act%) &he# gave her a lot o! ,one#%
(pas%) /he was given a lot o! mone#% / 0 lot o! mone# was given to her%
Entre los verbos que admiten esta estructura ha# que destacar) give,
send, show, lend, as', tell, o!!er, order # pa#% /in embargo con los verbos
as' # tell no suele usarse la estructura en la que el ob$eto directo pasa a
ser el su$eto de la vo pasiva%
%& OTROS $SOS (E LA VOZ PASIVA* PASIVA (E !COTILLEO! o
PERSO'AL
La pasiva suele emplearse tambin con verbos como) believe, thin',
report, sa#, tell, etc% con los que podemos !ormar dos clases di!erentes
de estructuras% 0 este tipo de pasiva se le llama vulgarmente pasiva de
cotilleo porque tiene la siguiente estructura) su+eto* pronom,re-
people./ ver,o de pensamiento o 0a,la* ,elieve- t0in1- report- sa2-
tell./ oraci3n su,ordinada completiva* 4t0at5 / su+eto / ver,o /
complementos&
e%g% (act%) &he# sa# that this monument is emblematic%
(pas%) 1t is said that this monument is emblematic% (/e dice que)
(pas%) &his monument is said to be emblematic%
e%g% (act%) &he# believe that these documents belonged to a 2erman
Emperor%
(pas%) 1t is believed that these documents belonged to a 2erman
Emperor%
(pas%) &hese documents are believed to have belonged to a 2erman
Emperor%
e%g% (act%) &he# thought these people had lived in 3epal%
(pas%) 1t was thought that these people had lived in 3epal%
(pas%) &hese people were thought to have lived in 3epal%
%& CA$SATIVE 6AVE* 6AVE 7 #ET SOMET6I'# (O'E
Empleamos la estructura) 0ave 7 "et / o,+eto / participio de pasado
con un sentido pasivo para e4presar que alguien hace algo para
nosotros%
e%g% 5e6re going to have / get our house painted%
e%g% 7ohn had his car washed ever# wee'%
e%g% 8e6s had his bi'e repaired%
En algunas situaciones se puede utiliar la estructura) 0ave / o,+eto /
participio de pasado para indicar que nos ha sucedido algo no
demasiado agradable%
e%g% /he had her handbag stolen while she was wal'ing%
o 2et se usa en el lengua$e oral de !orma ms in!ormal%