they are liquids

When an acid reacts with an alkali it produces a salt and water.

turns blue litmus paper red

enthalpy is the total energy content of the reacting materials

Have a ph less than 7

Acid
Neutralisation

Energy Change Enthalpy

turns red litmus paper blue Alkali

contains hydroxide ions (OH) Neutralisation

Compound
Energy
Combustion
A compound contains two or more kinds of atoms joined together.

Exothermic exothermic reaction transfers energy to the surroundings

The symbol for a compound is called its formula.

neutralisation reactions

An exothermic enthalpy change is always given a negative value, as energy is lost to the surroundings.

Endothermic Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings.

Thermal decomposition

Chemistry C4 An endothermic enthalpy change is always given a positive value, as the energy is gained by the system from the surroundings.

Element

a substance which contains elements and/or compounds physically mixed together. There is no chemical reaction in the process.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical means

An element is a substance that is made up of one kind of atom only.

Mixture
Distillation tower
Redox reactions involve oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously.
You can separate the solid from the liquid by filtering using a filter paper
Reactivity Series Redox Reduction and oxidation reaction oxidation- loss of electrons
Filtration Separating Mixtures

reduction- gain of electrons

Example
Fractional distillation splits crude oil into seperate fractions Fractional Distillation Distillation

Displacement Rusting When a metal is attacked by water, air or acids in their environment, they corrode.

It is when two or more substances with different boiling points can be separated from each other If the pain is scratched, then the iron beneath it will start rusting
How to prevent it? Paint

Plastic

Displacement reactions occur if for example you place a more reactive metal in a solution containing ions of a less reactive metal.
sacrificial protection

This is when Zinc is attatched onto it. Zinc is above iron in the reactivity series.
separate a mixture of coloured substances Chromatography
Evaporating

Example: salty water

By heating the salty water, the water will soon evaporate and leave the salt behind