Sub continent notes

First emperor: Babur

Born on February 1483
Babur (1526-1530)


There were two communities: Hindu and Muslim

Muslim culture had to become a part of India

Turks were becoming Indian seed

Muslims were the dominant class

Hindus were divided into castes

1527: Conflict with Rajputs, Rajputs posed a threat to Babur

1529: Babur met Afghans in Battle Gogra near Patra. He met in the battlefield
with Mohammad Lodhi.

Babur struggled for glory all his life

He was born a leader of men and he maintained a strong discipline in his ranks

Babur had led 5 expeditions to India

First expedition: January 1519

Second expedition: September 1519
Third expedition: 1520

Fourth expedition: 1524 occupied Lahore

Fifth expedition: 1526, Battle of Panipat: Defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat

From Himalayas to Gwalior: his kingdom extension

Babur in his 4 years in India spent time in conquests

Babur was also a great scholar. He could easily write in Persian or Turkish.
Sub continent notes


Humayun: took charge of Mughal empire in 1530


He was the ldest son of Babur and he had 3 brothers Kamran, Askari, and Hindal

At 20, he became governor of Badkhasha

He was born in Kabul in 1508.

Nasir-ud-din Mohammad Humayun was his full name

Law of Primokinature: the kings cannot be king

After Humayns death conflicts arose

Princes started to claim the throne

Humayun was fortunate as his father made preparations for his education and
he was assigned to certain planning and affairs

Conspiracy was hatching against Humayun and made conspirators made plans to
make Mehdi Khawaja king

Mughal army was not a national army at that time and there was me lange of
people in the army.

Sher Shah Khan Suri was the most ambitious of the whole Afghan. He was a
young and ambitious prince

During Hamayuns rule: Afghans and Bahadur Shah Gujratis

Humayun could not take quick decisions. He failed to command respect of his
soldiers

Humayun took parts in his fathers campaigns and battles


1529: Without permission of his father, he returned to India and left the post of
Badkhasha. Babur died in 1530 so Hamayun became emperor
Sub continent notes

Nobles were against Humayun because his pleasure taking and addiction to
opium


Mehdi Khawaja was the brother n law of Humayun

In December 1530, Humayun became king


1540: Battle of Kanuagh: After Humayuns defeat in the Battle of Kanugh,
Humayun returned to Agra and he was by Sher Shah Khan Suri. Humayun fled to
Lahore. Sher Shah occupied Delhi

1551 Akbar was governor of Ghazni


Humayun died in 1556 as a result from the fall from the stair case of his library

February 14 1556: Akbar becomes third Mughal emperor

The second Battle of Panipat

The greatest rival of Akbar at that time was Haymu

Second Battle of Panipat: Mughals occupied Delhi and Agra after death of
Humayun, Behram Khan was guardian of Akbar (1556- 1560)

He most important achievement of Behram during the time was the second
battle of Panipat









Jehangir (1605- 1627)
Sub continent notes


Jehangir was also known as Salim

Born on August 30 1569

His mother was a Rajput princess of Amber

Akbar married Jehangirs mother in 1562

5. Prohibiton of forcable seizure of property

6. Building of hospitals and appointments of physician to attend to sick people

7. No torcherous treatment for all prisoners

Eldest son of Jehangir was Prince Khusro

He was loved by the countrys citizens


He posed a threat to his father Salim

He had been kept confined in Agra by Jehangir

He escaped from Agra and approached Lahore in rebellion 1606

Later prince Khusro and his followers were brought before Jehangir

Khusro was blinded and sent into prison

They were all punished

Khusro died in confinement

Jehangirs marriage with Noor Jahan is one of the most important events in
history

Noor
Jahans original name was Mehr Un Nisa

Sub continent notes
She was the daughter of a Persian noble, Mirza Kiaz

Noor Jahan was imprisoned by Shah Jahan in Lahore




He ruled for 50 years.

Aurangzeb ascended to the in July 1658.

April 1679- Aurangzeb re-imposed Jizya, which abolished in 1564.