TRUCKS:

A TRUCK IS A VEHICLE USUALLY USED FOR TRANSPORTING

BULK GOODS, MATERIALS, OR EQUIPMENT LOAD ON ITS
OWN WHEELS . THE WORD "TRUCK" COMES FROM THE
GREEK "TROCHOS", MEANING "WHEEL". ALSO KNOWN AS
HEAVY GOODS VEHI CLE (HGV). TRUCK CONSTRUCTION IS
USUALLY HEAVIER THROUGHOUT WITH STRENGTH, AND
LOWER TRANSMISSION AND DRIVE-AXLE RATIOS TO COPE
WITH HILLY TERRAIN AND WEIGHT. THE TRUCK CAPACITY
GENERALLY VARIES FROM 0.4 CUM TO 2.0 CUM. THE SPEED
MAY VARY FROM 10 KMPH TO 100 KMPH.

LORRIES:
LORRY IS A BRITISH TERM BUT IS ONLY USED FOR THE MEDIUM AND HEAVY,
LARGE, CARGO-CARRYING ROAD VEHICLE. LORRIES, OR TRUCKS, CARRY A VAST
RANGE OF EVERYDAY AND INDUSTRIAL GOODS, AND VARY IN SIZE FROM SMALL
VANS TO GIANT VEHICLES THAT CAN WEIGH
MORE THAN 50 TONNES. THE NAME WAS
ORIGINALLY APPLIED TO TYPE OF RAILWAY
WAGON. THE MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT OF A
LORRY ON ROADS IS 40 TONNES. THE MAXIMUM
LENGTH IS 16.5 M (54FT 2INS) FOR AN
ARTICULATED VEHICLE AND 18M (59FT 1 IN).

USES OF TRUCKS:
TO TRANSPORT MATERIAL TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITE.
IT ACTS AS A CARRIER AND TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT.
THEY HAVE HIGH MOBILITY, GOOD SPEED, GOOD MANEUVERABILITY AND
ADAPTABILITY.
USED TO CARRY SOIL TO BE FILLED ON SITE OR EXCAVATED.

DISADVANTAGES:
ON ROUGH ROAD AND DURING BAD WEATHER THEIR PERFORMANCE IS
UNSATISFACTORY.
DUE TO OVERLOADING ON HIGH SPEEDS THEY MIGHT OVERTURN BLOCKING
ROADS.

USES OF LORRIES:
USED AS AN EXTENSION TO THE TRANSPORTING
EQUIPMENTS.
USED FOR LARGE QUANTITY OF GOODS OR MATERIAL
TO BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE PLACE TO OTHER.
A LARGE VOLUME CAN BE TRANSFERRED IN ONE GO
TOGETHER.

THE THREE MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS FOR ROAD TRUCK BY WEIGHT ARE:
LIGHT TRUCK (1/2 TO 1 TONNE): LIGHT TRUCKS ARE USED BY
INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES ALIKE. WHILE NOT SUITABLE FOR
HIGHWAY USE SOME VARIATIONS MAY BE LICENSED AS SLOW SPEED
VEHICLES FOR OPERATION ON STREETS.
MEDIUM TRUCK (1.5 TO3 TONNES ): LOCAL DELIVERY AND PUBLIC
SERVICE (DUMP TRUCKS, GARBAGE TRUCKS AND FIRE-FIGHTING
TRUCKS) ARE NORMALLY AROUND THIS SIZE.
HEAVY TRUCK(3.5 TO 10 TONNES ): ARE THE LARGEST TRUCKS
ALLOWED ON THE ROAD. THEY ARE MOSTLY USED FOR LONG-HAUL
PURPOSES, OFTEN IN SEMI-TRAILER OR B-DOUBLE CONFIGURATION.
VERY LIGHT TRUCKS: MANY MINI TRUCKS ARE FACTORY REDESIGNS OF
LIGHT AUTOMOBILES. THESE ARE USED TYPICALLY FOR OFF-HIGHWAY
USE.
ABOVE THIS THERE ARE SPECIALIZED VERY HEAVY
TRUCKS AND TRANSPORTERS SUCH AS HEAVY
HAULERS FOR MOVING OVERSIZED LOADS.


THE TRUCKS CAN ALSO BE CLASSIFIED DEPENDING UPON TOTAL NUMBER OF
WHEELS AND NUMBER OF DRIVING WHEELS.
FOR EXAMPLE, A TRUCK HAVING TOTAL FOUR WHEELS OUT OF WHICH TWO ARE
DRIVING WHEELS IS DESIGNATED AS (4X2) TRUCK OR (4X4) TRUCK IS PREFERRED.
E.G.2) EIGHTEEN WHEELER - A SEMI-TRUCK CONFIGURATION
CONSISTING OF 18 WHEELS.
OFF-ROAD HEAVY TRUCKS: USED IN
CONSTRUCTION AND MINING WHICH ARE TOO LARGE
FOR HIGHWAY USE WITHOUT ESCORTS AND SPECIAL
PERMITS. WITH OFF-ROAD FEATURES SUCH AS A
FRONT DRIVING AXLE AND SPECIAL TIRES FOR
APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LOGGING AND
CONSTRUCTION.

CLASSIFICATION OF TRUCKS ON THE BASIS OF TRANSPORTATION:
PRIVATE CARRIER: IS ONE WHO HAULS HIS OWN GOODS IN HIS OWN VEHICLE. A
DRY-CLEANING ESTABLISHMENT, FOR EXAMPLE, MAY HAVE ITS OWN TRUCK FOR
PICKUP AND DELIVERY SERVICE TO ITS CUSTOMERS. MANY LARGER COMPANIES
HAVE FLEETS OF TRUCKS TO DELIVER THEIR GOODS.
LOCAL CARTAGE CARRIER: OPERATES WITHIN A CITY AND SUBURBAN AREA AND
CARRIES GOODS FOR OTHERS.
OVER-THE-ROAD COMMON CARRIER: OPERATES BETWEEN CITIES AND OFTEN
BETWEEN STATES, AND IT CARRIES ALL TYPES OF FREIGHT FOR DIFFERENT
CUSTOMERS. THE OVER-THE-ROAD CONTRACT CARRIER ALSO OPERATES B/W CITIES
AND STATES, BUT IT HAS CONTRACTS WITH ONE OR MORE CUSTOMERS TO CARRY
SPECIFIC KINDS OF FREIGHT.
PIGGYBACK CARRIER: CONSISTS OF SPECIALLY BUILT FLATCARS THAT CARRY
FULLY LOADED TRUCK TRAILERS. THE TRAILERS ARE HAULED TO THE YARDS BY
THE TRUCK TRACTOR AND LIFTED ONTO THE FLATCARS BY LARGE CRANE LIKE
MACHINES. THE ADVANTAGE OF PIGGYBACK AND CONTAINER TRANSPORT IS IN THE
SAVING OF LOADING AND UNLOADING TIME AND IN THE LARGE AMOUNT OF GOODS
THAT CAN BE HAULED AT ONE TIME, USING FUEL FOR ONLY ONE ENGINE.
PICKUP TRUCK: COMPACT PICKUP TRUCK WITH
EXTENDED CABIN. A WOODEN FRAME CAN ALSO BE PUT FOR
EXTENSION & SUPPORT. LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN
OPEN-TOP REAR CARGO AREA. IT HAS A SEPARATE CABIN
AND REAR LOAD AREA OR COMPARTMENT (SEPARATE
CARGO BED). INSTEAD OF A WELL-TYPE BED (SHORT RIGID
SIDES) WITH AN OPENING REAR GATE, SOME PICKUPS HAVE
A FLAT TRAY BACK. OTHERS MAY HAVE A SPECIALTY BODY
MOUNTED BEHIND THE CABIN.

PANEL TRUCK - A PANEL TRUCK IS A WINDOWLESS
CARGO VAN BUILT ON A TRUCK CHASSIS. SIMILAR IN
FUNCTION TO ITS SMALLER COUSIN, WHICH IS A
STATION WAGON WITH NO BACKSEAT, AND NO SIDE
WINDOWS. BOTH TYPES OF VEHICLES ARE
FREQUENTLY USED FOR DELIVERY OF FLOWERS,
RETAIL BAKERY PRODUCTS, DIAPERS, LAUNDRY, AND
OTHER CONSUMER CONVENIENCES. OFTEN USED BY
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE CONTRACTORS
FLATBED TRUCK: A FLATBED TRUCK IS A TYPE OF TRUCK WHICH CAN BE EITHER
ARTICULATED OR RIGID. IT HAS AN ENTIRELY FLAT, LEVEL BODY WITH
ABSOLUTELY NO SIDES OR ROOF. THIS ALLOWS FOR QUICK AND EASY LOADING
OF GOODS, AND CONSEQUENTLY THEY ARE USED TO TRANSPORT HEAVY LOADS
THAT ARE NOT DELICATE OR VULNERABLE TO PRECIPITATION, SUCH AS
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, AND ALSO FOR ABNORMAL LOADS THAT REQUIRE
MORE SPACE THAN IS AVAILABLE ON A CLOSED BODY.
Roll-Off Trucks
ITS FLATBED CAN BE TILTED AND THE OBJECTS
CAN BE ROLLED OF OR SLIPPED FROM THE
BACK. OBJECTS WITH WHEELS OR
CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS CAN BE EASILY
LOADED AND UNLOADED.
FIRE TRUCK: A FIRE APPARATUS, FIRE
ENGINE, FIRE TRUCK OR FIRE
APPLIANCE REFERS TO A VEHICLE
DESIGNED TO ASSIST IN FIGHTING FIRES,
BY TRANSPORTING FIREFIGHTERS TO THE
SCENE, AND PROVIDING THEM WITH
ACCESS, WATER OR OTHER EQUIPMENT.
Fire Trucks
GARBAGE TRUCK - A WASTE COLLECTION VEHICLE
(WCV), IS A TRUCK SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO PICK UP
SMALLER QUANTITIES OF WASTE AND HAUL IT TO
LANDFILLS AND OTHER RECYCLING OR TREATMENT
FACILITIES. THEY ARE A COMMON SIGHT IN MOST
URBAN AREAS.
THERE ARE FIVE BASIC MODELS OF GARBAGE
TRUCKS:
FRONT LOADERS
REAR LOADERS
AUTOMATED SIDE LOADERS (ASL)
PNEUMATIC COLLECTION
GRAPPLE TRUCKS
DUMP TRUCKS: THESE ARE THE TRUCKS WHICH ARE FITTED WITH AUTOMATIC
UNLOADING DEVICES. THE LOADING IS NORMALLY DONE BE LOADING
SHOVELS OR LOADERS. THESE TRUCKS HAVE CAPACITIES AS HIGH AS 53
TONES THESE TRUCKS CAN BE REAR DUMP TRUCKS, BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS
AND SIDE DUMP TRUCKS. USED FOR TRANSPORTING LOOSE MATERIAL (SUCH
AS SAND, GRAVEL, OR DIRT) FOR CONSTRUCTION.
BOX TRUCKS:
HAVE SEPARATE, BOX-LIKE CARGO AREAS THAT SIT ON THE FRAME.
THE BOX ON SOME TRUCKS IS TOTALLY SEPARATE FROM THE CAB OR IT CAN BE
ACCESSED FROM THE CAB. MOST BOX TRUCKS HAVE A
ROLL-UP REAR DOOR THAT'S SIMILAR TO A GARAGE DOOR.
BOX TRUCKS ARE GENERALLY USED BY COMPANIES THAT
NEED TO HAUL LARGE ITEMS SUCH AS FURNITURE,
APPLIANCES, AND LARGE BOXES.

TRUCKS WITH CRANE: A ROTATING CRANE BODY IS
MOUNTED ON A STURDY CHASSIS FITTED WITH FLANGED
WHEELS. THE BODY SUPPORTS THE JIB AND PROVIDES ALL
THE LIFTING AND OPERATING MECHANISMS; ON LARGER
CRANES, AN OPERATOR'S CABIN IS USUALLY PROVIDED.

Grapple Boom Trucks
GRAPPLE BOOM TRUCKS: IS A TERM USED TO
DESCRIBED A TRUCK THAT HAS A GRAPPLE LOADER OR
A HOOK OR CLAW MOUNTED TO ITS FRAME WHICH IS
USED TO CATCH OR HOLD SOMETHING, LOADING AND
SOMETIMES HAULING BULKY THINGS. IT IS A
MECHANICAL DEVICE ABLE TO ROTATE ON AN AXIS
WITH A GRAPPLE OR BUCKET ATTACHED AT THE END OF
THE BOOM, WHICH IS INTENDED FOR THE COLLECTION
OF MATERIAL THAT DUE TO SIZE OR WEIGHT IS
IMPRACTICAL TO CONTAINERIZE. GRAPPLE TRUCKS
ARE COMMONLY USED BY MUNICIPAL SANITATION OR
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENTS.
THESE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE WITH FLATBED
BASE WITH GRAPPLES TO CARRY LARGE
CONSTRUCTION MEMBERS LIKE STEEL GIRDERS.