Subnet

IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal
Maximum
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Network
255
255
www.cisco.com
Host
255
255
ICND8-1
IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal
Network
16 17
255
24 25
32
11111111 11111111
11111111 11111111
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
8 9
255
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Binary
255
255
Maximum
Host
www.cisco.com
ICND8-2
IP Addressing
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal
Network
16 17
255
24 25
32
11111111 11111111
11111111 11111111
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
8 9
255
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Binary
255
255
Maximum
Host
Example
172
16
122
204
Decimal
Example 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
www.cisco.com
ICND8-3
IP Address Classes
8 bits
8 bits
8 bits
8 bits
Host
Host
Host
Host
Host
Class A:
Network
Class B:
Network Network
Class C:
Network Network Network
Class D:
Multicast
Class E:
Research
www.cisco.com
Host
ICND8-4
IP Address Classes
Bits:
Class A:
Bits:
Class B:
Bits:
Class C:
Bits:
Class D:
8 9
0NNNNNNN
16 17
24 25
Host
Host
32
Host
Range (1-126)
1
8 9
10NNNNNN
16 17
Network
Range (128-191)
1
8 9
110NNNNN
Host
16 17
Network
Range (192-223)
1
8 9
1110MMMM
24 25
Host
24 25
Network
16 17
32
32
Host
24 25
32
Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group
Range (224-239)
www.cisco.com
ICND8-5
Host Addresses
172.16.2.1
10.1.1.1
10.6.24.2
E1
172.16.3.10
E0
172.16.2.1
10.250.8.11
172.16.12.12
172.16
Network
12 . 12
Host
10.180.30.118
Routing Table
Network
Interface
172.16.0.0
E0
10.0.0.0
E1
www.cisco.com
ICND8-6
Determining Available Host

Addresses
Network
...
...
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000

00000000 00000001
00000000 00000011
N
1
2
3
...
16
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
172
Host
11111111 11111101
11111111 11111110
11111111 11111111
65534
65535
65536
2
2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534
65534
www.cisco.com
ICND8-7
IP Address Classes Exercise

Address
Class
Network
Host
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.16
256.241.201.10
www.cisco.com
ICND8-8
IP Address Classes Exercise

Answers
Address
Class
10.2.1.1
10.0.0.0
0.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
128.63.0.0
0.0.2.100
201.222.5.64
201.222.5.0
0.0.0.64
192.6.141.2
192.6.141.0
0.0.0.2
130.113.64.16
130.113.0.0
0.0.64.16
256.241.201.10
Network
Host
Nonexistent
www.cisco.com
ICND8-9
Addressing without Subnets
172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3
172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254
...
172.16.0.0
Network 172.16.0.0
www.cisco.com
ICND8-10
Addressing with Subnets
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0
172.16.2.0
Network 172.16.0.0
www.cisco.com
ICND8-11
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200
172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2
E0
172.16.2.1
172.16.3.100
172.16.2.160
172.16
Network
172.16.3.150
2 . 160
New Routing Table

Network
Interface
Host
172.16.0.0
E0
172.16.0.0
E1
www.cisco.com
ICND8-12
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200
172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
E0
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.2
172.16.3.100
172.16.2.160
172.16
Network
172.16.3.150
160
Subnet Host
New Routing Table

Network
Interface
172.16.2.0
E0
172.16.3.0
E1
www.cisco.com
ICND8-13
Subnet Mask
Network
IP
Address
172
Host
16
Network
Default
Subnet
Mask
8-bit
Subnet
Mask
255
0
Host
255
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
Also written as /16 where 16 represents the number of 1s
in the mask.
Network
Subnet
Host
255
255
255
Also written as /24 where 24 represents the number of 1s

in the mask.
www.cisco.com
ICND8-14
Decimal Equivalents of Bit

Patterns
128 64
32
16
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
www.cisco.com
ICND8-15
Subnet Mask without Subnets

Network
Host
172.16.2.160
10101100
00010000
00000010
10100000
255.255.0.0
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
10101100
00010000
00000000
00000000
172
16
Network
Number
Subnets not in usethe default

www.cisco.com
ICND8-16
Subnet Mask with Subnets

Network
172.16.2.160
Host
10101100
00010000
00000010
10100000
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
10101100
00010000
00000010
00000000
172
16
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
255.255.255.0
Subnet
Network
Number
Network number extended by eight bits

www.cisco.com
ICND8-17
Subnet Mask with Subnets

(cont.)
255.255.255.192
Network
Number
Host
10101100
00010000
00000010
10100000
11111111
11111111
11111111
11000000
10101100
00010000
00000010
10000000
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
172.16.2.160
Subnet
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Network
172
16
128
Network number extended by ten bits

www.cisco.com
ICND8-18
Subnet Mask Exercise
Address
Subnet Mask
172.16.2.10
255.255.255.0
10.6.24.20
255.255.240.0
10.30.36.12
255.255.255.0
www.cisco.com
Class
Subnet
ICND8-19
Subnet Mask Exercise

Answers
Address
Subnet Mask
Class
Subnet
172.16.2.10
255.255.255.0
172.16.2.0
10.6.24.20
255.255.240.0
10.6.16.0
10.30.36.12
255.255.255.0
10.30.36.0
www.cisco.com
ICND8-20
Broadcast Addresses
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0
172.16.2.0
172.16.3.255
(Directed broadcast)
255.255.255.255
(Local network broadcast)
172.16.255.255
(All subnets broadcast)
www.cisco.com
ICND8-21
Addressing Summary
Example
172.16.2.160
172
16
10101100
00010000
160
00000010 10100000 Host
Mask
255.255.255.192
Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-22
Addressing Summary
Example
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
172
16
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
160
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-23
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-24
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-25
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-26
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First
Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-27
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
11111111
11111111
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111 11000000 Mask 2

10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
www.cisco.com
5
10000001 First
10111110 Last
ICND8-28
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
172.16.2.160
255.255.255.192
10101100
00010000
00000010 10100000 Host
11111111
11111111
11111111 11000000 Mask 2
10101100
00010000
00000010 10000000 Subnet 4
10101100
00010000
00000010 10111111 Broadcast
10101100
00010000
5
00000010 10000001 First
10101100
00010000
00000010 10111110 Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-29
Addressing Summary
Example
172
16
160
3
10101100
00010000
255.255.255.192 11111111
8
9
172.16.2.128
10101100
11111111
11111111 11000000 Mask 2
00010000
00000010 10000000 Subnet 4
10101100
00010000
00000010 10111111 Broadcast

6
7
172.16.2.160
172.16.2.191
00000010 10100000 Host
172.16.2.129
10101100
00010000
5
00000010 10000001 First
172.16.2.190
10101100
00010000
00000010 10111110 Last
www.cisco.com
ICND8-30
Class B Subnet Example

IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Network
Network
Subnet
Host
172.16.2.121: 10101100
00010000
00000010
01111001
255.255.255.0: 11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Subnet: 10101100
00010000
00000010
00000000
Broadcast: 10101100
00010000
00000010
11111111
Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0

Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1172.16.2.254
Broadcast Address = 172.16.2.255
Eight bits of subnetting
www.cisco.com
ICND8-31
Subnet Planning
20 subnets
5 hosts per subnet
Class C address:
192.168.5.0
192.168.5.16
Other
subnets
192.168.5.32
192.168.5.48
www.cisco.com
ICND8-32
Class C Subnet Planning

Example
IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
Network
Network
Network Subnet Host
192.168.5.121: 11000000
10101000
00000101
01111001
255.255.255.248: 11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
Subnet: 11000000
Broadcast: 11000000
10101000
00000101
01111000
10101000
00000101
01111111
Subnet Address = 192.168.5.120

Host Addresses = 192.168.5.121192.168.5.126
Broadcast Address = 192.168.5.127
Five Bits of Subnetting
www.cisco.com
ICND8-33
Broadcast Addresses Exercise
Address
Subnet Mask
201.222.10.60
255.255.255.248
15.16.193.6
255.255.248.0
128.16.32.13
255.255.255.252
153.50.6.27
255.255.255.128
Class
www.cisco.com
Subnet
Broadcast
ICND8-34
Broadcast Addresses Exercise

Answers
Address
Subnet Mask
Class
Subnet
Broadcast
201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248
201.222.10.56
201.222.10.63
15.16.193.6
255.255.248.0
15.16.192.0
15.16.199.255
128.16.32.13
255.255.255.252
128.16.32.12
128.16.32.15
153.50.6.27
255.255.255.128
153.50.6.0
153.50.6.127
www.cisco.com
ICND8-35

Subnet

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IP Addressing

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Network Network Network

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group

Determining Available Host

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000

2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534

IP Address Classes Exercise

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

IP Address Classes Exercise

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Addressing without Subnets

172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3

Addressing with Subnets

New Routing Table

New Routing Table

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Also written as /24 where 24 represents the number of 1s

Decimal Equivalents of Bit

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Subnet Mask without Subnets

Subnets not in usethe default

Subnet Mask with Subnets

Network number extended by eight bits

Subnet Mask with Subnets

Network number extended by ten bits

Subnet Mask Exercise

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Subnet Mask Exercise

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

00000010 10100000 Host

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

00000010 10100000 Host

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

00000010 10000000 Subnet 4

00000010 10111111 Broadcast

00000010 10111110 Last

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

11111111 11000000 Mask 2

00000010 10000000 Subnet 4

00000010 10111111 Broadcast

00000010 10100000 Host

00000010 10111110 Last

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.