VIETNAM STANDARD TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

1 typed by thangnc
FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
FOR USE ON PREMISES DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
1. The scope of applicaio!:
This standard specifies the requirements for the design and installation of fixed carbon dioxide fire
extinguishing system in the house. These requirements do not apply to fire extinguishing systems on
ships, aircraft, fire engines, or underground systems in the mining industry, as well as for inert
system by using carbon dioxide.
This standard does not specify the design of the system in which the clearances aren't closed and
exceed the prescribed area and in place wherethe clearances can be influenced by the effects of
wind. General guidelines on the procedures must comply in such cases presented in 15.6.
". #$OTE STANDARD
!" 11#$%1&#' ( Testing the fire ( )uilding materials ( Testing the non(combustible capability.
!" *$++%1&#5 ( ,ormally pipes and steel tubes, welding and weldless ( General tables of dimensions
and mass per length unit.
!" #'*%1&-5 ( Testing the fire(resistant ( !trutural component of building materials.
T./, 61++%1&&6 0!" 5&$'%1&#*1 ( 2ire protection and fire fighting ( 3xtinguishant ( .arbon
dioxide.
3. DE%INITIONS
This standard uses the following definitions%
3.1. Cac&o! 'io(i fi)e e(i!*+ishi!* s,se-
.arbon dioxide supply source is regularly connected with fixed na4igation system with no55les
arranged to discharge carbon dioxide into the protected area so as to achie4e the firre
extinguishing concentration according to the design.
3.". Vol+-e fi)e e(i!*+ishi!* s,se-
.arbon dioxide supply source is regularly connected with fixed na4igation system with no55les
arranged to discharge carbon dioxide into the space surrounding the fire ha5ard 5one so as to
maintain concentration to extinguish the fire.
3.3. .ocal fi)e e(i!*+ishi!* s,se-
The fixed carbon dioxide supply source is regularly connected with fixed na4igation system with
no55les arranged to discharge carbon dioxide directly into inflammable materials or where the
fire occurs.
3./. A+o-aic co!)ol
6erform functions without human inter4ention.
3.0. D)i1e) De1ice
3quipment to control the sequence of e4ents leading to the discharge of carbon dioxide.
3.6. Ma!+al co!)ol
6erform a functional with human inter4ention.
3.2. Co!)ol S)+c+)e
7 component in4ol4ed in the element between the startup of the system and the carbon dioxide
discharge.
3.8. Di s c h a ) * i ! * cac&o! 'io(i
"pening the container and the selector 4al4e leads to discharge carbon dioxide into the protected area.
3.9. Mai!ai! i-e
The time that carbon dioxide exists at concentrations according to the design co4ering fire
ha5ard area.
3.10. Organizations an ini!i"a#s a"t$oriz%
"rgani5ations, agencies or indi4iduals is responsible for de4ice appro4al, installation,
construction method or system design.
3.11. Seleco) 1al1e
3quipment to control flow of carbon dioxide through the gas distribution piping directly to
the pre(selected protection area.
/. CAC3ON DIO4IT
3xtinguishant used is carbon dioxide in accordance with the requirements of T./, 61++%1&&6 0!"
5&$'%1&#*1.
"ther information about carbon dioxide and application of carbon dioxide are outlined in appendix
c.
0. SA%ET5 RE#$IREMENTS
n all cases, use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, while people can get stuc8 inside
or go into protected areas, must ha4e the appropriate protection measures to ensure the
e4acuation quic8ly from the area, limiting to enter the area after degassing, except when
necessary to facilitate emergency rapidly for people trapped. The safety requirements such as
staff training, warning signs, warning the gas discharge and demolition tools must be ta8en into
consideration. 6ay attention to the following requirements%
a1 The exit routes are 8ept clear at all times and must adequately ha4e the appropriate instruction
signage9
b1 7larm sound in the gas discharge area and the other alarm signals are not the same and must
wor8 immediately after disco4ering the fire and discharging carbon dioxide 0see 7rticle 619
c1 :ust ha4e the automatically self(closing door with one side out, these doors can be opened
from the inside e4en when loc8ed outside9
d1 :ust ha4e the 4isual alarm de4ice or heard at the access door until the air becames
safety9
e1 :ust add the odor additi4e into ."$ to detect the dangerous air9
f1 There must be a warning sign and guide in the entrance9
g1 There must be a means of 4entilation in the areas after the fire is extinguished9
h1 There must be other protecti4e means when necessary for each indi4idual situation.
6. 6ARNIN7 A.ARM
:ust ha4e the audible alarm equipment on the 4olume fire protection system and on the local fire(
fighting system, while the diffusion of carbon dioxide from system entering the room with
concentrations greater than 5;. 7larm sound must be sounded continuously during the time period
from detecting the fire to discharging gas and during the gas discharge time. 7larm sound intensity
is described in 5.b must be heard in comparision with the medium noise le4el where the fire alarm
occurs. n some place with particular high noise, must ha4e the 4isible warning signs.
The alarm de4ice must be pro4ided enough power to allow continuous alarm at least '+ minutes.
,ote% ,o need for alarm to the local fire system unless the discharge of carbon dioxide occurs
corresponding to the 4olume of the room can create concentration exceeds 5;.
2. A+o-aicall, i!e))+pio! fo) e8+ip-e!
6rior to or simultaneously with the discharge of carbon dioxide system, all de4ices is capable of
ignition of combustible materials such as heating equipment, gas sto4es, infrared light ... must be
automatically disconnected.
8. RED$CIN7 A$TOMATIC 9RESS$RE
The automatic pressure reduction should be made in areas where the highest pressure of a room
can be closed and may cause the increase of pressure when the carbon dioxide pours in.
,ote% The lea8age around the access doors, windows, pipes and smo8e exhaust 4al4es, 7lthough
not ob4ious or easy to identify, can create a natural 4entilation for carbon dioxide system.
For other airtight spaces, the area needed to vent freely X (in square millimeters) can be calculated
by the following formula:
X = $', &
Q
P
here:
Q: the flow of carbon dio!ide, measured in "ilograms per minute ("g#min)
P: allowed intensity (internal pressure) of enclosed space, (bar)
$n many cases, particularly with ha%ardous materials, the pressure reduction can be done by
e!plosion to open vents& 'hese openings and the other way are usually to ensure the proper vents&
9. EART:IN7
The carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system must be grounded appropriately.
,ote% The proper grounding of the system will reduce to a minimum the ris8 of electrostatic
discharge. <hen the system protecting the electrical equipments is put closely or within a building
with electrical equipment, metal parts of the system need to be connected definitely with the earthing
output of the electrical equipment.
10. 3E6ARE T:E .O6ER 9ROTECTED AREA.
<here carbon dioxide can concentrate in the crac8s, well, the bottom of the basement or other
underground space, must add to the fla4or substances into carbon dioxide and installating the
secondary 4entilation systems to drain carbon dioxide after discharge.
(ote: )arbon dio!ide must be consistent with the requirements of ')*( +,--:,..+ ($/0 1.23)
after adding any flavor substances (see 4rticle 5)&
11. SA%ET5 SI7NS
2or all the 4olume fire extinguishing system and local fire extinguishing system can cause the
critical concentrations, notices must be written inside and outside each access door leading to the
protected areas.
,otices must be informed that in case of alarm or carbon dioxide discharge, the employee must lea4e
the room immediately and not return before the room is fully 4entilated because of the ris8 of
cho8ing.
1". 3E6ARE IN T:E MAINTENANCE 6OR;
2or automatically 4olume fire protection system is protecting the rooms without people, must
pre4ent the automatic discharge when employees come in and can not lea4e the room for a period of
time.
,ote% The precaution is usually unnecessary for local fire protection system, but must note the
possibility of dangerous concentrations arising in any area, including the presence of human.
13. TESTIN7 T:E DISC:AR7E IN 9.ACE 6:ERE MA5 :AVE E49.OSION MI4T$RE.
n the case of the air=4apor mixture of explosi4e danger, the distress area must be carefully
chec8ed before the test can be discharged because it can cause the fire and explosion by static
discharge.
1/. 3ASIS %OR DESI7NIN7 CAR3ON DIO4IDE S5STEMS
The construction of the enclosed space must be protected by the 4olume carbon dioxide fire extinguishing
system must perform so that carbon dioxide can not drain immediately. The walls and access doors must
be able to withstand the effects of fire for a time sufficient to allow the
discharge of carbon dioxide maintained at design concentration during maintenance time.
,ote% !" #'*%1&-5 is used to e4aluate the fire resistance of building structures. <here possible,
the clearances must be closed automatically and the 4entilation systems must be automatically
closed before or at least at the start of discharge carbon dioxide and should be sealed.
<here the clearance can not be closed and where no walls or o4erlapping, must add to carbon
dioxide as set out in 15.6.
3specially pay attention when these openings outward the atmosphere and wind conditions can
influence the carbon dioxide loss. These cases must be treated as a special application and can be the
discharge test to determine the appropriate design concentration.
10. DESI7NIN7 T:E VO.$ME %IRE E4TIN7$IS:IN7 S5STEMS
10.1. Co!si'e)e' faco)s
To determine the amount of carbon dioxide according to the requirement, the 4olume of a room
or of enclosed space protected shall be ta8en as the basis. This 4olume must minus the 4olume of
the solid structural elements such as foundations, columns, beams, girders, and similar materials.
The following factors must be considered%
( >oom si5e9
( :aterials must be protected9
( The special ris8s9
( The clearances can not be closed9
( The 4entilation system can not be closed. There should be no holes in the floor.
10.". Dee)-i!e he a-o+! of ca)&o! 'io(i'e 'esi*!
The amount of carbon dioxide design, m, in 8ilogram calculated by the following formula%
m = 6
7
(+, $ 4 + +, -* )
<here%
4 = 4
*
+ '+ 4
0*
* = *
*
+ *
8
*
9
4
*
the total area of all the floors and ceilings 0including clearances 7" /1 of the enclosed
space to protect, in square meters9
4
0* the total area of all clearances is assumed to be open when the fire occurs, in square
meters 0see 15.619
*
*
l? th@ tAch cBa 8hCng gian bao 8An DEFc bGo 4H, tAnh bIng mJt 8hKi 0xem 15.119
*
8
7dditional 4olume due to the loss in time sustained by the 4entilation system 0see Table 11
can not be closed, measured in cubic meters 0see 15.519
*
9
the 4olume of structural elements must subtract, in cubic meters 0see 15.119
6
7
the coefficient for the protected material, greater than or equal to 1 0see 15.' and Table 119
+,$ The part of carbon dioxide can be loss, measured in 8ilograms per square meter9
+,- :inimum amount of carbon dioxide is used as the basis for the formula, measured in
8ilogram per cubic meter.
7bout the calculation examples, see 7ppendix L.
,ote% +.$ and +.- consider the effects of room si5e, ie the ratio of room 4olume 0/
/
1 and room area 07
/
1
.
10.3. Coefficie! 6
7
:aterial factor M
)
for table 1 must be considered when designing flammable material and
ha5ard specially requires a concentration higher than normal concentration.
.oefficient M
)
for ris8 not gi4en in 6art 7 of Table 1 is defined by using a crucible
instruments described in 7nnex . or other testing methods equi4alence.
10./. Affec he -ae)ial fo)-i!* he *lo<i!* e-&e)s.
2or materials with the formation of glowing embers, must consider the special conditions. Table 1
shows examples of these materials.
10.0. =!h h>?!* c@a hA hB!* hC!* *iD EhC!* FD!* lGi F>Hc
To determine the amount of carbon dioxide used, the 4olume of the room 0/
4
1 must be increased
by the 4olume of air 0/
N
1 is put into or eOected from the chamber when the chamber is flooded
with carbon dioxide and in maintain time gi4en in Table 1.
10.6. The effecs of he clea)a!ces Isee i!)o'+cio!
J
The impact of all openings, including explosion(proof holes and wall and ceiling not be
closed while the fire occurs, which is included in the formula in 15.$ by 7
"/
.
6orosity of co4er materials, or lea8ages around the access doors, windows, shutters ... not be
considered as the clearances, as they are formulated.
The clearances are not permitted until it requires maintenance time, unless the amount of the
extra carbon dioxide to maintain the concentration required for a time maintained.
<hen ratio > P 7
"/
=7
/
Q +,+', the system must be designed as a local fire extinguishing
system 0see article 161. This does not exclude the use of a local fire extinguishing system
when >R +.+'.
<hen >Q +.+' and where clearances may be affected by the wind, when it must perform the
practical test in the most unfa4orable conditions to meet the requirements of the competent
authority.
10.2. Vol+-e fi)e e(i!*+ishi!* <ih i!e)co!!ece' 1ol+-e
n two or more interconnected 4olume that there is Sfree flowS of carbon dioxide or cable of
spreading the fire from this location to another location, or the amount of carbon dioxide will
be the sum of the calculated quantities for each 4olume. f a 4olume requires the concentration
greater than standard concentration, the higher concentration should be used in all the
interconnected 4olumes.
10.8. 7as Discha)*e Ti-e
Time to discharge carbon dioxide in the design calculations, minutes 0see 15.$1 basically ha4e
to match the table $. 2or fires with solid materials, such as the materials listed in Table 1, the
time is required to maintain a gas discharge must be designed in - minutes, but the flow
should not be less than necessary flow to increase the concentration to '+; for $ minutes.
Ta&le 1: Coefficie! of -ae)ialsK 'esi*! co!ce!)aio! a!' -ai!ai! i-e
2lammable :aterial
.oefficient of material
0 6
/
1
."$ design
concentration
0;1
:aintain
time
0minutes1
AL The *as a!' li8+i'
7xTtCn 1 '* -
7xTtylen $,5- 66 -
Uet fuel 1,+6 '6 -
)en5ol, )en5el 1,1 '- -
2lammable :aterial
.oefficient of
material 0 6
/
1
."$ design
concentration
0;1
:aintain
time
0minutes1
)utaDien 1,$6 *1 -
)utan 1 '* -
)uten-1 1,1 '- -
Visulfua cacbon ',+' -$ -
:onoxit cacbon $,*' 6* -
.oal or natural gas 1,1 '- -
6ropan 1,1 '- -
Liesel 2uel 1 '* -
Vimetyl Tte 1,$$ *+ -
Lowtherm 1,*- *6 -
3tal 1,$$ *+ -
3thyl alcohol 1,'* *' -
3tylen 1,6 *& -
Wte Ttyl 1,*- *6 -
Liclorua ethylene 1 '* -
"xyt Ttylen 1,# 5' -
Gasolin 1 '* -
Xexan 1,+' '5 -
Xeptan-n 1,+' '5 -
Xydro ',' -5 -
Xydro sulfua 1,+6 '6 -
5obutan 1,+6 '6 -
5obutylen 1 '* -
5obutyl format 1 '* -
U6-* 1,+6 '6 -
Merosene 1 '* -
:Ttan 1 '* -
7xTtat mTtyl 1,+' '5 -
3thyl alcohol 1,$$ *+ -
)utal-1 mTtyl 1,+6 '6 -
:Ttyl-Ttyl xTton 1,$$ *+ -
:Ttyl format 1,1# '& -
"ctan-n 1,+' '5 -
6entan 1,+' '5 -
6ropan 1,+6 '6 -
6ropylen 1,+6 '6 -
Yubricant, fire(resistence oil 1 '* -
3L The soli' -ae)ial
1
.ellulosic materials $,$5 6$ $+
.otton $ 5# $+
6aper, corrugated paper $,$5 6$ $+
6lastic materials 0seeds1 $ 5# $+
6olystyren 1 '* -
6olyurethane, when 4ulcani5ed 1 '* -
CL The case of special applicaio!s
The cable chambers 1,* *- 1+
Lata processing area $,$5 6$ $+
.omputer !pace 1,5 *- 1+
1
'he solid materials usually have organic, when burning often formed aglow embers&.
2lammable :aterial
.oefficient of
material 0 6
/
1
."$ design
concentration 0;1
:aintain time
0minutes1
Listribution angular 1,$ *+ 1+
Generators, including cooling system $ 5# Zntil stopping
"il Transformer $ 5# -
,[i in D\u ra $,$5 6$ $+
!pray and drying paint establishments 1,$ *+ -
!pinning machines $ 5# -
10.9. So)a*e e-pe)a+)e
!torage temperature with high pressure can be from ($+]. to ^5+]. not require special
compensation methods for changing the flow.
16. DESI7NIN7 T:E .OCA. %IRE E4TIN7$IS:IN7 S5STEM
,ote% The local fire extinguishing systems use appropriately to extinguish surface fires of the
gaseous combustible substance, liquid and solid where the fire ha5ard is not enclosed or when
enclosed space is not inconsistent with the requirements of 4olume fire extinguishing.
16.1. Re8+i)e-e! of ca)&o! 'io(i'e
16.1.1. General pro4ision
"riginal concentration coefficient of carbon dioxide is the coefficient corresponding to M)
P 1, ie '*;.
2or materials that require a design concentration greater than '*;, the amount of original
carbon dioxide increased by multiplying this amount with an appropriate material
coefficients in table 1. The coefficients M) for the fire ha5ards are not listed in section 7
of table 1 must be specified by using a bowl(type instruments described in 7ppendix 7, or
by any other method 8nown equi4alent results.
The amount of carbon dioxide design calculations required for a local fire extinguishing
system must be based on the total discharge flow needed to co4er the area or 4olume to be
protected and discharge time should be maintained to ensure to extinguish completely.
2or storage systems with high pressure, the amount of carbon dioxide design calculation
must be increased by *+; to determine the nominal capacity of a cylindrical tan8 with
only part of the liquid discharge is effecti4e. The increased capacity of a cylindrical tan8 is
not required for the 4olume fire fighting system combines local firefighting, 4olume fire
extinguishing.
<here there are long pipes or where the equipments are exposed at temperatures higher
than normal temperatures, the amount of design calculation must increase sufficiently
enough to compensate for 4apori5ed liquid due to the pipe cooling.
16.1.". 7aseo+s 'ischa)*e flo<
Lischarge flow of no55le is calculated by the area method or by 4olumetric methods such
as 16.$ and 16.'.
Total discharge flow for the system is the sum of the particular flows of all the no55les or
discharge structure used in the system.
16.1.3. 7as Discha)*e Ti-e
The time required to discharge carbon dioxide in the design calculation, m, must be
consistent with Table $. :inimum time should be increased to compensate for any
unforeseen conditions require a longer cooling time to ensure to extinguish
completely.
<here there is the possibility of the condition of metal or other materials can be

heated higher than the ignition temperature of fuel, manually ignite the gas and
effecti4ely discharge time should be increased to allow for proper cooling time.
16.". %lo< calc+lae' acco)'i!* o he a)ea -eho'
16.$.1. General pro4ision
The system design according to area method is used in the fire ha5ard area where is
mainly flat surfaces or obOects at a low le4el compared to the hori5ontal surface.
The system design should be based on the appro4ed data of the particular no55les.
3xtrapolation for 4alues greater than the upper limit or smaller than the lower limit will
not be 4alid.
3xample calculation% see 7ppendix L, 7rticle L'.
16.$.$. Lischarge flow of no55le.
( Lesigned discharge flow through the particular no55les must be separately identified on the
basis of the distance from the protected surface to each no55le.
( Gas discharge flow for the no55les on high must be separately identified on the basis of
distance from the protected surface to each no55le.
( Lischarge flow for no55les fitted with separated tan8s must be determined on the basis of
distance from the no55le or effecti4ely spray radius to co4er an area protected by each
no55le.
Ta&le ": discharge time for surface burning
'he value in seconds
!ystem 3quipment of high
pressure carbon
dioxide. Yiquid
discharge time
3quipment of high pressure
carbon dioxide
/olume fire fighting system
Yocal fire fighting system
:ax 6+
:in '0
:ax 6+
:ax 6+
:ax 6+
:in '0
16.$.'. 6rotected area of a no55le
Yargest area protected by each no55le must be determined on the basis of location or
inOection radius and design discharge flow in accordance with the specifications
appro4ed.
These factors are used to determine the design discharge flow is also used to determine
the largest area co4ered by each no55le.
!urface area con4ention of fire ha5ard are protected by each no55le with square type on
high.
The surface area of fire danger are protected by no55le ha4ing the separate container or
spray no55les are a rectangular or square in accordance with the distance and the gas
discharge limits specified in the technical requirements appro4ed.
<hen using carbon dioxide to extinguish the liquid fire beneath the tan8, in calculating
the minimum distance between the no55le and the surface of the liquid must ta8e down
15+mm compared with the mouth of the tan8 to pre4ent splash and 8eep carbon dioxide
concentrations on the surface of liquid.
16.$.*. Yocation and number of no55les
:ust use a sufficient number of no55les to co4er the entire fires area, based on the area of
each no55le protected.
The no55les with type of particular containers or no55les are placed directly in the
appropriate location with distance and limitation of the discharge flow specified in the
technical requirements appro4ed.
The o4erhead sprin8lers must be installed perpendicular to the fire ha5ard and the center
of the area co4ered by no55le. The other must be installed incline with the angle between
*5 ] and &+ ] compared with the plane of the area to be protected. Xeight = distance is
used when determining the necessary flow and co4er area must be the distance from the
target point on the protected surface the no55le surface measured along the axis of the
no55le.
<hen installed according to the tilt angle, the no55le should be aimed at a point is
measured from the near edge of the area co4ered by the no55le, its location is calculated
by multiplying the effecti4e coefficients in Table ' with width of the area to be
protected by sprin8lers.
The no55les must be put in place so that the barrier can not affect the release of carbon
dioxide.
Ta&le 3: 3fficiency coefficient for angle mounting the no55le based on gap 15+mm.
7ngle of discharge
011
3ffecti4e coefficient
0$1
*5 to 6+
6+ to -5
-+ to &+
&+ 04ertical1
1=*
1=* to '=#
'=# to 1=$
1=$ 0center1
011
Legree from the surface of brea8(down
0$1
>atio of the area co4ered by the no55le
>egarding more information, see 2igure 1.
:imensions in mm.
,ote%
Fir"g% &: ;ocation of no%%l
e,) 'he figure represents the no%%les: a) .- <, with the target point in the center of
protected area, and at 51 <, b) with target point at the width -&21 of protection surface,
into the fuel tray with a gap ,1-mm=
2) X is pre>selected height used to determine flow requirements&
16.3. %lo< calc+lae' &, 1ol+-e)ic -eho'
16.'.1. General pro4isions
!ystem design by 4olumetric methods are used in place of the fire ha5ard including the
obOects with of irregular three(dimensional si5e, can not be easily pro4ided in the
equi4alent area of the surface.
3xample of calculation% see 7ppendix L in L1 and L$
The discharge
of nozzle in
fow and
pressure
selected.
.
16.'.$. 7ssumption enclosed space
The o4erall discharge flow must be based on the 4olume of a assumption space co4ering
entirely around the fire incident.
,_u d`ng 8hA 8hCng ho?n to?n DEFc gia lbi trong 8hCng gian giG Dcnh thd phGi ce nhang
biHn phfp Dgc biHt D@ DGm bGo nhang Dihu 8iHn c[ bGn.
.fc tEing 4? tr\n giG Dcnh cBa 8hCng gian 8An n?y phGi cfc n[i xG ra nguy hi@m chfy At
nhjt +,6m trk 8hi nhang tEing thlc ce 8hG nmng bao 8An cfc diHn tAch ce th@ r` rn, bon
tee hay chGy tr?n.
MhCng DEFc ljy Di bjt cp 4qt gd trong th@ tAch n?y. MAch thErc tKi thi@u 1,$m DEFc dsng
D@ tAnh tofn th@ tAch cBa 8hCng gian 8An giG Dcnh n?y.
16.'.'. YEu lEFng xG cBa hH thKng
YEu lEFng xG ttng DKi 4ri hH thKng chAnh 8hCng DEFc nhu h[n 168g=ph cho mvt mJt
8hKi cBa th@ tAch giG Dcnh, trk 8hi 8hCng gian bao 8An giG Dcnh ce s?n 8An 4? DEFc Dcnh
hdnh bwi tEing bao liTn txc cK Dcnh 8Jo d?i At nhjt l? +,6m bTn trTn n[i xGy ra nguy
hi@m chfy 0w De cfc tEing ngmn thEing 8hCng phGi l? mvt ph\n cBa nguy hi@m chfy1,
thd lEu lEFng xG ce thT giGm theo ty lH nhEng 8hCng nhu h[n *8g=ph cho mvt mJt 8hKi
DKi 4ri cfc tEing ngmn thlc bao ho?n to?n 8hCng gian bao 8An.
16.'.*. /c trA 4? sK lEFng D\u phun
6hGi sz dxng DB sK lEFng D\u phun D@ phB ho?n to?n th@ tAch nguy hi@m chfy trTn c[ sw
xfc Dcnh lEu lEFng xG cBa hH thKng theo th@ tAch giG Dcnh.
.fc D\u phun phGi DEFc Dgt w 4c trA 4? hErng 4h cfc 4qt th@ bGo 4H trong 8hCng gian
bao 8An D@ gia lEFng cacbon dioxit D{ DEFc xG 4?o th@ tAch ce nguy hi@m chfy.
YEu lEFng xG thi_t 8_ qua cfc D\u phun riTng biHt phGi DEFc xfc Dcnh trTn c[ sw cBa 4c
trA hay 8hoGng cfch phun phs hFp 4ri cfc yTu c\u 8| thuqt D{ DEFc duyHt DKi 4ri cfc
Dfm chfy bh mgt.
16.'.5. ,hiHt Dv 8ho chpa
6hGi fp dxng cfc phE[ng phfp Dgc biHt D@ bs trk cho nhang thay Dti lEu lEFng, n_u nhE
nhiHt Dv 8ho chpa cfc bdnh fp sujt cao nhu h[n +. hogc lrn h[n *&..
16.'.6. V\u phun
.fc D\u phun DEFc DEa 4?o sz dxng phGi do cfc tt chpc ce th}m quyhn liHt 8T hogc xJt
duyHt 4h lEu lEFng xG, phbm 4i bGo 4H ce hiHu quG 4? m~u m{ hay diHn tAch phB.
.h thAch% (h?ng s@ liAu hB trC cho cDc yEu cFu vG cDc phHIng phDp thJ K@i vLi cDc
KFu phun Kang KHCc soMn thNo vG sO KHCc trPnh bGy trong mQt tiEu chuRn sSp tLi&
12. .MNN7 CAC3ON DIO4IT DO TRP
6hGi dl tra lEFng cacbon dioxit DEFc xfc Dcnh 4ri yTu c\u l? ce th@ sz dxng DEFc w bjt 8 thii
Di@m n?o 4? 8hCng th@ sz dxng cho cfc mxc DAch 8hfc. 6hGi dl ph`ng lEFng dE dl ph`ng cacbon
dioxit phx thTm DEFc sz dxng cho cfc thi_t bc cacbon dioxit fp sujt thjp theo cfc yTu c\u sau%
a1 V@ cn bIng cfc sai lHch nbp hogc xG 4? 8hA dE, lEFng cacbon dioxit DEFc dl tra cho hH
thKng fp sujt thjp dsng cho 4sng dqp chfy rvng nhjt phGi tmng lTn At nhjt 1+;.
b1 ,_u xG ra 8hG nmng cacbon dioxit lung ce th@ tn Dng trong DEing Kng giaa bdnh chpa dl tra
4? hH thKng D\u phun 8hA, lEFng cacbon dioxit dl tra bc tmng lTn do sl tn Dng n?y, phGi
thTm 4?o lEFng tmng 1+; D{ quy Dcnh trong Di@m a.
18. .MNN7 CAC3ON DIO4IT DO TRP CQA :R T:SN7
Trong mvt sK trEing hFp 8hi cfc hH thKng cacbon dioxit bGo 4H mvt hay nhihu Dca Di@m, c\n phGi
ce mvt lEFng dl tra 1++;. /iHc cung cjp lEFng dl tra cho cfc hH thKng n?y phGi thEing xuyTn.
Thii gian c\n thi_t tbo ra lEFng cacbon dioxit bt sung thTm D@ DEa cfc hH thKng Dbt DEFc cfc
Dihu 8iHn 4qn h?nh phGi DEFc xem l? y_u tK chB y_u trong 4iHc xfc Dcnh cung cjp dl tra c\n thi_t.
19. T:ITT 3U C:Q 5T$ CQA ;TT CV$
XH thKng chaa chfy cacbon dioxit chB y_u gm 8ho chpa cacbon dioxit hogc mvt hay nhihu bdnh
chpa, cfc 4an lla chn, cfc c[ cju xG, cfc Kng d~n phn phKi 4? cfc D\u phun.
"0. ;:$ ;:O C:WA CAC3ON DIO4IT
"0.1. #+, FX!h ch+!*
.h thAch% TU chVa cacbon dio!it phNi tuWn theo cDc quy KXnh thYch hCp&
Mho chpa cacbon dioxit csng 4ri cfc 4an, cfc c[ cju xG 4? cfc thi_t bc 8hfc9 n_u ce th@ DEFc
bK trA trong mvt bung 8hCng ce nguy hi@m 4h chfy, nhEng lbi w g\n cfc ph`ng 4? cfc DKi
tEFng bGo 4H 4? d d?ng lui tri DEFc. Mhu 4lc chpa phGi DEFc bGo 4H 8hCng cho ngEii
8hCng ce phqn sl 4?o.
Trong mvt sK trEing hFp, 8hi DEFc c[ quan ce th}m quyhn cho phJp, 8ho chpa cacbon dioxit
ce th@ bK trA w bTn trong cfc ph`ng bGo 4H.
"0.". :A hB!* Yp s+Z cao
,[i D@ cfc bdnh chpa cacbon dioxit cho hH thKng fp sujt cao phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ sao cho nhiHt
Dv 8hCng 8hA xung quanh 8hCng DEFc 4EFt quf nhiHt Dv thAch hFp trong )Gng *
3[!* /: ,hiHt Dv lrn nhjt w 8ho
Ty sK nbp D\y, 8g=lAt
,hiHt Dv lrn nhjt cBa 8hCng 8hA xung quanh, 0.
+,-5 *+
+,6# *&
+,55 65
.h thAch% (Zu nhiAt KQ "h[ng "hY !ung quanh nIi KU bPnh chVa cacbon dio!it !u@ng dHLi
0) thP phNi c\ cDc biAn phDp K]c biAt KU tuWn th^ cDc th_i gian !N cho trong 7Nng 3&
"0.3. :A hB!* Yp s+Z hZp
.fc hH thKng fp sujt thjp phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ sao cho nhiHt Dv cBa cacbon dioxit trong bdnh
chpa luCn DEFc gia w 8hoGng (1#..
.h thAch% (En sJ d`ng cDc biAn phDp thYch hCp KU duy trP nhiAt KQ nGy& Tiau K\ c\ nghba lG
viAc cDch nhiAt lGm mDt hay K@t n\ng, ph` thuQc vG nhiAt KQ !ung quanh vcng lHu tr?& PhNi
loMi trd nhiAt sinh ra bei hA th@ng lGm lMnh&
"1. 3\N: C:WA CAC3ON DIO4IT
"1.1. #+, FX!h ch+!*
.h thAch% (goGi cDc yEu cFu sau KWy vG cDc yEu cFu K@i vLi cDc bPnh chVa Dp suft thfp
(!em 2,&2) "h[ng c\ cDc yEu cFu nGo "hDc vLi cDc yEu cFu Kg cho trong cDc tiEu chuRn
tHIng Vng va bPnh chVa "hY&
Mhi 8_t cju cBa bdnh chpa 8hCng ce c[ cju an to?n fp sujt thd c[ cju n?y phGi DEFc Dgt trong
4an cBa bdnh chpa.
"1.". 3]!h ch^a Yp s+Z hZp
M_t cju phGi DGm bGo nhiHt Dv cBa cacbon dioxit trong bdnh chpa phGi luCn DEFc gia w (1#.
4? w fp sujt g\n $+bar
1
. 6hGi ce cfc phE[ng tiHn D@ liTn txc chn thc lEFng cacbon dioxit.
:vt hH thKng l?m mft tl Dvng DGm bGo cho nhiHt Dv 4? fp sujt cBa cacbon dioxit DEFc gia
trong giri hbn yTu c\u.
TrTn cfc bdnh chpa fp sujt thjp phGi lop mvt bv bfo Dvng quf fp 4? c[ cju n?y phGi hobt
Dvng trErc 8hi cfc 4an an to?n l?m 4iHc.
1
, bar h -,,iPa
)@ chpa DEFc cfch ly D\y DB D@ giri hbn lEFng thjt thoft cacbon dioxit 8hCng lrn h[n 1,5;
0DKi 4ri lEFng chpa tk ' D_n 6 tjn1, 8hCng lrn h[n +,#; 0DKi 4ri lEFng chpa lrn h[n 6 D_n
1+ tjn1 4? 8hCng quf +,5; 0lEFng chpa lrn h[n 1+ tjn1 trong $* gii trong trEing hFp hH
thKng l?m mft bc hung 4? nhiHt Dv xung quanh DEFc coi l? cao nhjt.
/qt liHu cfch ly phGi DEFc bGo 4H bIng cfc lf 8im lobi D@ trfnh nhang hE hung c[ 8hA.
)@ chpa phGi DEFc lop Dng h fp sujt 4? 4an an to?n.
.h thAch% T@i vLi hA th@ng Dp suft thfp, cFn KNm bNo sao cho nhiAt KQ c^a cacbon dio!it
trong "hi nMp "hY cho bPnh chVa phc hCp vLi giD trX cFn thiZt cho hoMt KQng c^a hA th@ng&
"1.3. 3_ &]!h ch^a cac&o! 'io(i Yp s+Z cao
ThCng thEing lEFng cacbon dioxit c\n thi_t DEFc chpa trong bv bdnh chpa. /iHc cung cjp
cho tkng sl cK chfy 8hfc nhau ce th@ DEFc ti_n h?nh tk mvt bv phqn riTng l w n[i 8hCng th@
ce sl lan truyhn lza tk sl cK n?y sang sl cK 8hfc. YEFng cacbon dioxit ttng cBa mvt bv s
tE[ng png 4ri lEFng cacbon dioxit lrn nhjt yTu c\u D@ bGo 4H mvt ph`ng hay mvt DKi tEFng
n?o De.
.h thAch% )Dc hA th@ng !N "hY c^a bQ bPnh chVa vG c^a cDc @ng KHCc b@ trY sao cho mBi
vcng KHCc bNo vA riEng rO c\ thU bX trGn ngjp bei cacbon dio!it&
.fc bdnh chpa cBa bv phGi DEFc 8p chgt w mvt 4c trA cK Dcnh sao cho 8hCng bc xT dcch 8hi hH
thKng Dang xG.
:i bdnh chpa phGi thay th@ DEFc, Dvc lqp 4ri cfc bdnh 8hfc. mi mvt DEing Kng nKi 4an
bdnh chpa tri Kng nhfnh phGi lop 4an mvt chihu. /iHc thfo d bjt 8 mvt trong cfc bdnh chpa
s 8hCng gy Gnh hEwng tri hobt Dvng bdnh thEing cBa cfc bdnh c`n lbi trong bv.
6hGi ce cfc phE[ng tiHn D@ Do lEFng cacbon dioxit cBa mi bdnh chpa.
"". VAN .OA C:`N
,_u ce nhihu 4sng phGi chaa chfy tk mvt bv hogc mvt hH thKng bdnh chpa cacbon dioxit,
phGi lop 4an lla chn cho mi 4sng c\n chaa chfy.
.fc 4an lla chn cho hH thKng bdnh chpa phGi DEFc mw tl Dvng trErc hay 4?o csng mvt lc
4ri cfc 4an cBa bdnh chpa hobt Dvng.
Trong cfc hH thKng fp sujt thjp, cfc 4an lla chn phGi DEFc mw tl Dvng 4? Deng tl Dvng
sau 8hi xG lEFng cacbon dioxit theo yTu c\u.
.fc 4an lla chn phGi DEFc lop Dgt sao cho ce th@ chKng DEFc chfy. bjt 8 lc n?o cng
ce th@ 8i@m tra DEFc sl hobt Dvng chAnh xfc cBa cfc 4an lla chn 4? cfc c[ cju Dihu 8hi@n.
"3. :R T:SN7 9:aN 9:SI
"3.1. XH thKng Kng d~n phGi l?m bIng cfc 4qt liHu thuvc dbng 8hCng chfy DEFc n_u thz nghiHm
theo !" 11#$ 4? ce nhang Dgc tAnh hea l sao cho 8hCng bc bi_n dbng 4? hE hung 8hi chcu
png sujt.
.h thAch%
,) )\ thU dcng cDc vjt liAu chXu kn mln K]c biAt hay cDc lLp ph^ ngoGi "hi e m[i trH_ng
"h[ng "hY c\ tYnh kn mln cao=
2) )Dc KH_ng @ng vG @ng mam (bao gmm cN cDc n@i @ng) lG K@i tHCng c^a tiEu chuRn sO
KHCc biEn soMn&
"3.". .fc Kng 4? cfc nKi Kng dsng cho hH thKng fp sujt thjp phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ 4ri fp sujt thz
*+bar.
.h thAch%
,) )Dc hA th@ng Dp suft cao lG K@i tHCng c^a tiEu chuRn sO KHCc biEn soMn& )Dc ph` tcng
KH_ng @ng cFn phc hCp vLi cDc tiEu chuRn tHIng Hng& 'h[ng thH_ng cDc ph` tcng
KH_ng @ng hay dcng ghnp n@i bong ren ho]c m]t bYch& 6hi thpc hiAn ghnp n@i bong np
cFn K]c biAt chq r KZn viAc KNm bNo lSp rDp chYnh !Dc&
2) )Dc @ng sO KHCc lpa chsn theo $/0 52--&
"3.3. .fc Dobn Kng ce th@ bc bct 8An w mi D\u, ngha l? Dobn Kng giaa bv bdnh chpa 4? mvt 4an
lla chn thEing Deng DEFc l?m bIng Kng 8hCng h?n.
"3./. .fc Dobn Kng lop 4?o mvt D\u mw 8hCng chcu fp sujt liTn txc, ce th@ l? Kng h?n, trk cfc Kng
ce DEing 8Anh danh ngha lrn h[n *+mm DEFc nKi tk mvt b@ chpa fp sujt thjp.
"3.0. .fc Kng ce DEing 8Anh danh ngha nhu h[n 5+mm 8hCng DEFc nKi bIng h?n tbi hiHn
trEing.
.h thAch% 'uy nhiEn, cDc @ng trEn c\ thU KHCc gia c[ng tMi !Y nghiAp hGn nGo K\&
"3.6. MhCng DEFc dsng cfc DEing Kng bIng gan xfm, 4d chng d bc hE hung w cfc Dihu 8iHn
nhiHt Dv 4? fp sujt trong cfc hH thKng cacbon dioxit.
"3.2. XH thKng DEing Kng phGi DEFc gf mvt cfch choc chon, ce sl co gi{n cho phJp 4? DEFc Dgt
w n[i chcu Gnh hEwng At nhjt cBa lza, cfc tfc Dvng c[ 8hA, hea chjt hay cfc hE hbi 8hfc.
n[i ce 8hG nmng gy nt, hH thKng DEing Kng phGi DEFc treo trTn cfc gif D D@ trfnh nhang
tfc Dvng 4a Dqp.
"3.8. Mhi bK trA cfc 4an trong cfc hH thKng ce th@ tbo ra cfc Dobn DEing Kng 8An, thd nhang Dobn
DEing Kng n?y phGi DEFc trang bc cfc 4an an to?n fp sujt.
/iHc chnnh fp sujt cho 4an an to?n phGi DGm bGo sao cho fp sujt lrn nhjt ce th@ Dbt DEFc
8hCng 4EFt quf chn tiTu nTu trong $'.$ nhEng ce th@ 4EFt quf fp sujt yTu c\u D@ duy trd cfc
fp sujt xG bdnh thEing trong DEing Kng 4ri lEu lEFng quy Dcnh.
.fc 4an an to?n fp sujt phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ 4? lop Dgt w 4c trA sao cho sl xG tk De s 8hCng
l?m Gnh hEwng tri ngEii hay gy ra thiHt hbi, hE hung.
.h thAch% tp suft lGm viAc c^a van an toGn "h[ng nEu trong tiEu chuRn nGy&
"3.9. Mhi ce sl ngEng Dng nErc trong cfc Kng, phGi ce cfc phE[ng tiHn thAch hFp D@ tiTu nErc.
,gEii 8hCng ce phqn sl 8hCng DEFc D_n g\n cfc Di@m tiTu nErc n?y.
"3.10. .fc Kng 8hCng DEFc ce ba4ia, gn 4? cfc 4qt cGn 8hfc. 6hGi bGo dEng D@ chKng lbi sl mn
m`n. TrErc 8hi Dgt Kng, phGi rza, l?m sbch bTn trong Kng. !au 8hi lop Dgt 4? trErc 8hi lop
cfc D\u phun, phGi thti Kng cho sbch.
"3.11. .Cng thpc sau Dy 4? D thc, hay bjt cp mvt phE[ng phfp b?o D{ DEFc c[ quan ce th}m
quyhn chjp nhqn phGi DEFc sz dxng D@ xfc Dcnh sl giGm fp trong DEing Kng.
Q
$
=
+ , #-$5 1+ : u ;
+
(
+, +*'1& :
1,$5
8
)
Trong De%
: l? DEing 8Anh trong 0thlc1 cBa Kng, tAnh bIng mm9
; l? Dv d?i tE[ng DE[ng cBa Kng, tAnh bIng m9
u, 8 l? nhang y_u tK phx thuvc 4?o fp sujt bGo quGn 4? fp sujt DEing Kng 4? ce th@ DEFc
Dfnh gif tk cfc phE[ng trdnh sau%
p
u =

pdp
P
1
p
dp P
8 =

= ln
1
p p
1
Trong De%
P
,
l? fp sujt t?ng tra, tAnh bIng bar 0tuyHt DKi19
p l? fp sujt w cuKi csng DEing Kng, tAnh bIng bar 0tuyHt DKi1
r
,
l? 8hKi lEFng riTng w fp sujt P
,
, tAnh bIng 8ilogam trTn mJt 8hKi 08g=m
'
1
r l? 8hKi lEFng riTng w fp sujt p, tAnh bIng 8ilogam trTn mJt 8hKi 08g=m
'
1
5 5,$5
P
Trong 4iHc thi_t 8_ cfc hH thKng d~n, ce th@ thu DEFc cfc gif trc giGm fp tk cfc DEing cong
fp sujt chihu d?i tE[ng DKi 4ri cfc lEu lEFng 4? c 8Ach thErc Kng 8hfc nhau 0xem 6hx
lxc )1.
"3.1". .[ cju xG phGi mw tjt cG cfc 4an bdnh chpa nKi lihn 4ri Kng phn phKi cho to?n bv 4sng
dqp tot. .[ cju xG phGi ce Dv tin cqy 4? sl hobt Dvng cBa ne ce th@ 8i@m tra DEFc.
"/. bc$ 9:$N
:gt cot ngang cBa l mw cfc D\u phun phGi DEFc tAnh tofn theo 6hx lxc ), 4ri fp sujt nhu nhjt w
miHng 4?o cfc D\u phun l? 1*bar DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt cao 4? 1+bar DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt
thjp.
.fc D\u phun D@ xG cacbon dioxit phGi ce 8Ach thErc sao cho 8hCng bc toc nghn bwi cacbon
dioxit ron.
XH thKng chaa chfy th@ tAch phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ 4? lop Dgt sao cho ce th@ thlc hiHn mvt nng Dv
Dng Dhu cBa cacbon dioxit w tjt cG cfc ph\n cBa 8hCng gian bao quanh 4sng nguy hi@m chfy.
6hGi lop cfc D\u xG g\n tr\n nh?.
.h thAch% T@i vLi cDc phlng c\ chiau cao td 1m KZn ,-m, phNi c\ cDc KFu phun e chiau cao gFn
bong mQt phFn ba chiau cao c^a phlng& T@i vLi cDc phlng c\ chiau cao vHCt quD ,-m nEn lSp
cDc KFu phun ph` e chiau cao bong mQt phFn ba hay hai phFn ba chiau cao c^a phlng&
.fc D\u phun cBa hH thKng chaa chfy cxc bv phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ 4? lop Dgt sao cho ce th@ hErng
trlc ti_p cacbon dioxit 4?o DKi tEFng bGo 4H m? 8hCng phn tfn cfc 4qt liHu chfy.
Mhi c\n thi_t, phGi bGo 4H cfc D\u phun trfnh sl nhim b}n tk bTn ngo?i ce th@ Gnh hEwng D_n
chjt lEFng cBa chng.
"0. Cd CV$ TeC bfN7 4=
"0.1. CYc loGi cg cZ+ Yc F_!* ([
.fc hH thKng xG tl Dvng hogc bIng tay, hogc%
a1 Tfc Dvng xG tl Dvng hogc bIng tay, hogc
b1 .hn tfc Dvng xG bIng tay tsy thuvc 4?o nhang yTu c\u cBa c[ quan ce th}m quyhn.
!l hobt Dvng cBa cfc c[ cju xG phGi l?m cho to?n bv hH thKng tfc Dvng D_n cfc chpc nmng
phx thuvc 8m theo nhE chn thc cfc thi_t bc bfo Dvng, Deng cfc hH thKng thCng gie, cfc qubt
ht, b[m, bmng tGi, bv DKt neng, 4an Dihu ti_t 4? cza chon...
Tjt cG cfc thi_t bc phGi DEFc bK trA 4? lop Dgt hogc DEFc bGo 4H thAch hFp sao cho 8hCng bc
nhang hE hung c[ 8hA, hea hc hay nhang hE hung 8hfc ce th@ l?m cho chng 8hCng hobt
Dvng DEFc.
"0.". TYc F_!* ([ h F_!*
.fc hH thKng tfc Dvng tl Dvng phGi DEFc Dihu 8hi@n bIng thi_t bc phft hiHn chfy tl Dvng D{
DEFc xJt duyHt
1
4? DEFc chn lla theo nhang yTu c\u cBa tkng sl cK riTng biHt.
n[i ce thi_t bc phft hiHn chfy srm nhE nhang thi_t bc phft hiHn 8hei hogc ngn lza, hH
thKng phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ D@ chn hobt Dvng sau 8hi D{ ce hai tAn hiHu phft hiHn riTng r.
"0.3. TYc F_!* ([ &i!* a,
$5.'.1. Tfc Dvng xG bIng tay DKi 4ri cfc hH thKng chaa chfy th@ tAch phGi DEFc bK trA bTn
ngo?i ph`ng DEFc bGo 4H, w 4c trA g\n cfc cza ra cBa ph`ng. Tfc Dvng xG bIng tay DKi
4ri cfc hH thKng chaa chfy cxc bv phGi DEFc Dgt w 4c trA 4ka tiHn lFi 4ka an to?n cho
ngEii thao tfc.
$5.'.$. .fc thi_t bc tfc Dvng xG bIng tay phGi DEFc bGo 4H chKng nhang tfc Dvng 4C bIng
cfc dy 8p chd hay 8Anh chon hogc mvt 4u che ce th@ mw nhanh 4? phGi DEFc ghi nh{n
r r?ng D@ chn r mxc DAch cBa chng.
1
(h?ng nQi dung chi tiZt K]c biAt "h[ng KHCc quy KXnh trong tiEu chuRn nGy nhHng KHCc quy KXnh trong tiEu
chuRn tHIng Vng "hDc "hi Dp d`ng tiEu chuRn nGy&
.h thAch% (Zu hQp chVa KHCc bNo vA bei mQt m]t "Ynh dv vw e phYa trHLc, thP m]t "Ynh
phNi lG loMi vw ra "h[ng tMo thGnh cDc mNnh nhsn hay rkng cHa c\ thU gWy thHIng tYch
"hi thpc hiAn viAc tDc KQng !N bong tay&
$5.'.'. /sng c\n chaa chfy DEFc Dihu 8hi@n bIng nt jn bIng tay phGi DEFc 8 hiHu r r?ng
D@ 8hCng ce sl nh\m l~n.
"0./. .oGi Fij+ Ehik!
Tjt cG cfc c[ cju tfc Dvng xG phGi DEFc Dihu 8hi@n bIng DiHn, bIng 8hA nJn hay c[ 8hA.
$5.*.1. )Ing DiHn
$5.*.1.1. 6hGi cung cjp nmng lEFng cho mbch phft hiHn bIng DiHn cBa cfc c[ cju ngot
tk hai ngun DiHn Dvc lqp, ngha l? mvt ngun cung cjp chAnh, 4ri bv chuy@n Dti
tl Dvng 4? bfo Dvng D@ chuy@n sang ngun oc quy dl ph`ng 8hi ngun cung cjp
chAnh bc hung.
$5.*.1.$. .fc thi_t bc phft hiHn 4? ngot phGi DEFc 8i@m soft tl Dvng 4? cfc tAn hiHu bfo
Dvng ce sl cK w mi c[ cju hogc DEing dy, cfc tAn hiHu sl cK n?y phGi 8hfc 4ri
cfc tAn hiHu bfo Dvng chn thc hobt Dvng cBa hH thKng.
$5.*.$. )Ing 8hA nJn
$5.*.$.1. .acbon dioxit tk hH thKng chaa chfy ce th@ DEFc sz dxng nhE mvt ngun
nmng lEFng. ,_u lla chn mvt ngun 8hA nJn 8hfc thd ngun De chn DEFc dsng
riTng cho mxc DAch n?y, 4? phGi DGm bGo DEFc chpc nmng 4qn h?nh.
$5.*.$.$. Mhi dsng fp sujt tk bdnh chpa Dihu 8hi@n l?m phE[ng tiHn 4? mw cfc bdnh
chpa c`n lbi, thd lEu lEFng cung cjp 4? xG phGi DEFc thi_t 8_ D@ tfc Dvng xG Dng
thii tjt cG cfc bdnh c`n lbi, sl cung cjp 8hA Dihu 8hi@n phGi DEFc 8i@m soft liTn
txc 4? s ce tAn hiHu bfo hE hung trong trEing hFp ce sl cK mjt hogc fp sujt quf
mpc.
$5.*.$.'. .fc thi_t bc phft hiHn Dihu 8hi@n tl Dvng 4? hH thKng Kng phGi DEFc 8i@m tra
Dcnh 8 4h mpc Dv chAnh xfc trong 4qn h?nh.
$5.*.'. )Ing c[ 8hA
.h thAch% )Dc hA th@ng tDc KQng !N c\ thU hoMt KQng bong cI "hY bei cDc cfp vG bqa
rIi&
Ly nJo cfp Dihu 8hi@n DEFc lng trong cfc Kng bGo 4H ce cfc r`ng rc quay tl do w
cfc gec D@ Dti hErng.
.fc dy nJo cfp Dihu 8hi@n phGi DEFc 8i@m tra Dcnh 8 D@ DGm bGo cho 4qn h?nh DEFc
Dng Don.
"6. T:AN: TRA Vl bMA VlO VmN :lN:
!au 8hi lop Dgt, ngEii sGn xujt hogc Dbi l cBa ngEii sGn xujt phGi 8i@m tra tkng hH thKng chaa
chfy cacbon dioxit D@ DGm bGo cho hH thKng 4qn h?nh DEFc chAnh xfc 0xem Vihu $-1. Gijy chpng
nhqn 8i@m tra DKi 4ri phJp thz n?y phGi giao lbi cho ngEii mua.
!au 8hi lop Dgt, phGi cung cjp nhang hErng d~n chi ti_t cho nhn 4iTn chcu trfch nhiHm 4h thanh
tra 4? bGo dEng hH thKng.
"2. T:n N7:IRM VmN :lN:
V@ 8i@m tra 4iHc lop Dgt 4? 4qn h?nh Dng Don cBa hH thKng theo yTu c\u quy Dcnh, phGi ti_n h?nh
thz tAnh liTn txc cBa DEing Kng d~n 4ri sl lEu thCng tl do, 8hCng bc toc cBa d`ng 8hA, nhE thz
thti bIng 8hCng 8hA nJn hay cacbon dioxit nJn. ,go?i ra, n_u ce yTu c\u cBa c[ quan ce th}m
quyhn, ce th@ ti_n h?nh thz xG ho?n to?n. Trong phJp thz n?y, phGi Do thii gian xG 4? xfc Dcnh
nng Dv cBa cacbon dioxit, sl phn phKi 8hA cacbon dioxit trTn 4sng bc sl cK chfy 4? thii gian
duy trd.
"8. :MoN7 DpN VmN :lN: Vl 3=O DMqN7
6hGi Dgt cK Dcnh w 4c trA d nhdn thjy bGng hay bi@n bfo bIng 4qt liHu bhn 4ang D@ hErng d~n sz
dxng hH thKng chaa chfy. ,hang chn d~n n?y phGi cung cjp thCng tin D\y DB 4h 4qn h?nh cBa hH
thKng 4? thCng tin ngon gn 4h bGo dEng h?ng ng?y 4? 4iHc bt sung thTm 8hA cho hH thKng sau
8hi xG. 6hGi cung cjp h s[ 4qn h?nh 4? bGo dEng cho ngEii mua.
.h thAch% 6hi thDo bPnh chVa cacbon dio!it ra "hxi hA th@ng KU sJa ch?a, phNi bNo KNm an toGn
KFy K^ cho bPnh chVa trHLc "hi bSt KFu mQt c[ng viAc nGo va cDc van hay cDc cI cfu tDc KQng !N&
P$' #'( A )*"+ ,-n$.
TR\N: TO T:n br 4eC bUN: NsN7 bf
CAC3ON DIO4IT bSI VoI CeC C:VT .tN7
Vl C:VT ;:u C:e5 I4EM 10.3J
.h thAch% Tiau cFn chq r lG c[ng viAc KHCc tiZn hGnh K@i vLi d`ng c` nGy c\ thU dyn KZn
mQt s@ Kiau chznh c^a cDc s@ liAu trong 7Nng ,&
A.1. N*+,v! lw
Lxng cx 8i@u chJn nung DEFc dsng D@ xfc Dcnh nng Dv chaa chfy DKi 4ri cfc chjt lung 4?
chjt 8hA.
M_t quG thu DEFc l? nng Dv l thuy_t nhu nhjt cBa cacbon dioxit D@ chaa chfy. ,ng Dv thi_t
8_ DEFc xfc Dcnh tk hdnh n?y 0xem Vihu 7.51. ,ng Dv thi_t 8_ nhu nhjt DEFc sz dxng l? '*; DEFc
bi@u din bwi hH sK 6
7
l? 1.
VKi 4ri cfc 4qt liHu chfy D`i hui mvt hH sK lrn h[n 1, thd hH sK 4qt liHu DEFc fp dxng nhE D{
trdnh b?y trong )Gng 1 4? DEFc sz dxng trong cCng thpc tAnh m w 15.$.
V@ chuy@n Dti nng Dv thi_t 8_ DEFc tAnh tofn 0thu DEFc bIng cfch sz dxng dxng cx thz1 sang
mvt hH sK 4qt liHu 6
7
, sz dxng cCng thpc sau%
l
n
(1 ) )
6 =
Trong De
l
n
(
1 )
s
)
mKQ Z Z Yo%
A.". Dx!* cx

100
mKQ x f Yo%

0,34
100
Lxng cx thz l? mvt chJn nung DEFc th@ hiHn nhE trong Xdnh 7.1.
A.3. T)]!h h hy FBi 1zi cYc chZ l{!* chY,
7.'.1. .ho mvt m~u chjt lung chfy 4?o trong bdnh chpa chjt DKt.
7.'.$. Vihu 8hi@n thi_t bc Dihu chnnh mpc Dgt dEri bdnh chpa chjt DKt D@ DEa chjt DKt 4?o trong
chJn tri mpc cfch miHng chJn 1mm.
7.'.'. Veng DiHn cho bv phqn nung neng chJn D@ DEa nhiHt Dv chjt DKt lTn tri $5., hay cao
h[n nhiHt Dv bKc chfy cBa chjt DKt DEFc xfc Dcnh bIng chJn hw l? 5., chcu nhiHt Dv n?o cao h[n.
7.'.*. VKt chfy chjt DKt bIng phE[ng tiHn thAch hFp, thEing dsng DiHn, 4d ne 8hCng l?m b}n
chjt DKt DEFc thz.
7.'.5. Vihu chnnh lEu lEFng 8hCng 8hA Dbt tri *+lAt=pht.
7.'.6. )ot D\u mw lung cacbon dioxit 4? tmng ne tk tk cho tri 8hi ng lza bc dqp tot. Ghi lbi
lEu lEFng cacbon dioxit.
7.'.-. >t 8hoGng 1+ml D_n $+ml chjt DKt tk phAa trTn bh mgt chJn bIng Kng ht ce chia Dv.
7.'.#. Ygp lbi cfc bErc 7.'.* tri 7.'.6 4? tAnh gif trc trung bdnh cBa cfc 8_t quG.
7.'.&. TAnh nng Dv dqp ngn lza, '), bIng ph\n trmm theo cCng thpc%
') =
*
F
1++
*+ + *
F
7
Trong De%
*
F
l? lEu lEFng cacbon dioxit, tAnh bIng lAt trTn pht 0l=ph1.
7.'.1+. Tmng nhiHt Dv chjt DKt lTn D_n nhiHt Dv thjp h[n Di@m sCi cBa chjt DKt l? 5. hogc tri
$++., chn nhiHt Dv n?o thjp h[n.
7.'.11. Ygp lbi cfc bErc 7.'.$ 4? 7.'.* cho tri 7.'.&.
7.'.1$. Yjy nng Dv dqp ngn lza l? gif trc cao h[n DEFc tAnh tk hai nhiHt Dv chjt DKt.
A./. T)]!h h hy FBi 1zi cYc chZ Eh| chY,
7.*.1. Lxng cx DEFc sza Dti bIng cfch nhi D\y chJn bIng bCng thBy tinh 4? lop mvt lEu
lEFng 8_ 8i@u phao D{ hiHu chnnh, cho chjt DKt 4?o ch bdnh Dlng chjt DKt cBa Xdnh 71. YEu lEFng
8_ DEFc nKi 4ri mvt ngun chjt DKt qua mvt bv Dihu chnnh fp sujt thAch hFp.
7.*.$. Vihu chnnh lEu lEFng chjt DKt D@ sinh ra mvt tKc Dv tuy_n tAnh trong chJn l? 1'+mm=s.
7.*.'. Xo?n th?nh cfc bErc tk 7.'.' tri 7.'.&.
7.*.*. Tmng nhiHt Dv chjt DKt lTn tri 15+..
7.*.5. Ygp lbi cfc bErc tk 7.'.* tri 7.'.&.
7.*.6. Yjy nng Dv chjt dqp tot ngn lza l? gif trc cao h[n DEFc tAnh tk hai nhiHt Dv chjt DKt.
7.*.-. ,_u yTu c\u nng Dv w nhiHt Dv cao h[n, 4EFt quf nng Dv w nhiHt Dv thjp h[n mvt
lEFng Dfng 8@ thd chjt DKt DEFc x_p lobi l? nhby cGm nhiHt Dv. ,ng Dv dqp ngn lza DKi 4ri cfc
chjt DKt nhby cGm nhiHt Dv phGi DEFc xfc Dcnh w nhiHt Dv lrn nhjt trong 8hu 4lc bGo 4H.
A.0. T|!h oY! !}!* F_ hi~ E~
Yjy nng Dv thi_t 8_ l? gif trc cBa nng Dv dqp tot ngn lza nhn 4ri 1,-.
6Ych thHLc tYnh bong milimnt&
H/n$ A&: :`ng c` "iUu chnn nung
P$' #'( B )*"+ ,-n$.
4eC bUN: ;uC: T:MoC SN7 Vl MIRN7 9:$N
CQA :R T:SN7 CAC3ON DIO4IT
3.1. p sujt lEu tra l? mvt y_u tK quan trng DKi 4ri lEu lEFng cacbon dioxit. Trong lEu tra fp
thjp thd fp sujt 8hwi Dvng trong bdnh chpa s giGm mvt lEFng tsy thuvc 4? Dihu 8iHn tjt cG hay chn
mvt ph\n cBa lEFng cung cjp bc xG. Lo De, fp sujt lEu tra s 8hoGng 1&,-bar. .Cng thpc tAnh lEu
lEFng DEFc dla trTn fp sujt tuyHt DKi, do De, $+,-bar DEFc dsng cho cfc tAnh tofn c\n thi_t DKi 4ri hH
thKng fp sujt thjp.
Trong hH thKng fp sujt cao, fp sujt lEu tra phx thuvc 4?o nhiHt Dv mCi trEing xung quanh.
,hiHt Dv mCi trEing xung quanh chu}n DEFc giG Dcnh l? $1.. nhiHt Dv n?y, fp sujt trung bdnh
trong bdnh trong 8hi xG ph\n chjt lung s 4?o 8hoGng 51,-bar. Lo De, fp sujt n?y D{ DEFc chn cho
cfc tAnh tofn DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt cao.
!z dxng cfc fp sujt $+,-bar 4? 51,-bar w trTn, cfc gif trc D{ DEFc xfc Dcnh cho cfc hH sK 4?
N trong cCng thpc tAnh lEu lEFng. ,hang gif trc n?y DEFc quy Dcnh trong cfc )Gng ).1 4? ).$.
3.". V@ fp dxng trong thlc t_, nTn 4 cfc DEing cong bi@u din cho mi 8Ach thErc Kng ce th@
DEFc sz dxng. Tuy nhiTn, phGi ch rIng cCng thpc tAnh lEu lEFng ce th@ DEFc trdnh b?y nhE sau%
;
:
1,$5
1+
5
+,#-$5u
= +, +*'1&N
Q
! "
# $
,hE 4qy, bIng cfch lqp D thc cho nhang gif trc
;
:
1,$5
4?
Q
, ce th@ dsng mvt h cfc DEing
:
$
cong bi@u din cho bjt 8 8Ach thErc Kng n?o. Xdnh ).1. cho thCng tin 4h lEu lEFng DKi 4ri nhiHt Dv
lEu tr (1#. trTn c[ sw n?y. Xdnh ).$. cho thCng tin tE[ng tl DKi 4ri fp sujt cao w $1..
,hang DEing cong n?y ce th@ DEFc sz dxng D@ thi_t 8_ cfc hH thKng hay D@ 8i@m tra nhang
mpc lEu lEFng. ,hang Dihu 8iHn fp sujt w bjt 8 mvt Di@m n?o trong DEing Kng ce th@ thu DEFc bIng
tAnh tofn cfc gif trc
Q
4?
;
. !au De, cfc Di@m s DEFc 4 lTn DEing cong
Q
D@ ce cfc fp sujt
:
$
:
1,$5
:
$
Di@m D\u 4? fp sujt Di@m cuKi. /A dx, b?i tofn DEFc Dgt ra l? xfc Dcnh fp sujt Di@m cuKi cho mvt hH
thKng fp sujt thjp gm ce 5+mm DEing Kng c *+ 4ri mvt chihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng l? 15$m 4? lEu
lEFng l? *5*8g=pht.
TrErc tiTn c\n tAnh tofn cfc gif trc
Q
:
$
4?
;
:
1,$5
theo cCng thpc%
Q
=
*5*
= +,165 8g=pht trTn mm
$
:
$
$-5#
;
=
15$
= 1, +-5 m=mm
1,$5
:
1,$5
1*1, '
$
:
$
p sujt Di@m D\u l? $+,-bar 4?
;
bIng + DEFc bi@u din trong Xdnh ).1 w Di@m !1. p
:
1,$5
dxng Di@m cuKi DEFc tdm thjy 4?o 8hoGng 15,-bar w Di@m T
1
, trong De gif trc
l? +,165 giao nhau 4ri
c
gif trc
;
:
1,$5
w 1,+-5.
,_u DEing n?y 8_t thc w mvt D\u phun duy nhjt, diHn tAch tE[ng DE[ng miHng D\u phun phGi
DEFc gfn cho fp sujt Di@m cuKi D@ 8i@m tra lEu lEFng w mpc mong muKn l? *5*8g=pht.
Tham 8hGo )Gng ).# s nhqn thjy rIng mpc lEu lEFng xG s l? +,&&1'8g=pht.mm
$
cBa diHn
tAch tE[ng DE[ng cBa miHng D\u phun 8hi fp sujt miHng D\u phun l? 15,&bar. LiHn tAch tE[ng DE[ng
cBa miHng D\u phun bIng lEu lEFng ttng chia cho lEu lEFng trTn mvt milimJt 4uCng.
3[!* 3.1 Gif trc u 4? 8 DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt thjp
p sujt
u 8
)ar :6a
$+,- $,+- 0 0
$+ $ 665 +,1$
1& 1,& 15++ +,$&5
1# 1,# $$+1 +,*-+
1- 1,- $-&+ +,6*5
16 1,6 '$5# +,#$+
15 1,5 '6&6 +,&&*
1* 1,* *+*5 1,16&
1' 1,' *''# 1,'**
1$ 1,$ *5#* 1,51&
11 1,1 *-#& 1,6&'
1+ 1,+ *&6$ 1,#6#
3[!* 3." Gif trc u 4? 8 DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt cao
p sujt
u 8
)ar :6a
51,- 5,1- 0 0
51,+ 5,1+ 55* +,++'5
5+,5 5,+5 &-$ +,+6++
5+,+ 5,++ 1'$5 +,+#$5
*-,5 *,-5 '+'- +,$1++
*5,+ *,5+ *616 +,''++
*$,5 *,$5 61$& +,*$-+
*+,+ *,++ -$56 +,5-++
'-,5 ',-5 #$#' +,-+++
'5,+ ',5+ &$-- +,#'++
'$,5 ',$5 1++5+ +,&5++
'+,+ ',++ 1+#$' 1,+#6+
p sujt
u 8
)ar :6a
$-,5 $,-5
115+- 1,$*++
$5,+ $,5+
1$1&' 1,*'++
$$,5 $,$5
1$5+$ 1,6$++
$+,+ $,++
1$#55 1,#*++
1-,5 1,-5
1$1#- $,1*++
1*,+ 1,*+
1'*+# $,5&++
H/n$ B&0 /p giNm Dp suft trong @ng dyn K@i vLi Dp suft lHu tr? 2-,{bar (2,-{iPa)
LiHn tAch tE[ng DE[ng miHng D\u phun
4,%4 & q

0,''13& q&

4%(
TrTn quan Di@m thlc t_, ngEii thi_t 8_ s chn mvt D\u phun chu}n ce mvt diHn tAch tE[ng
DE[ng g\n nhjt 4ri diHn tAch DEFc tAnh tofn. ,_u diHn tAch miHng D\u phun lrn h[n mvt At, thd lEu
lEFng thlc t_ s lrn h[n mvt At 4? cfc fp sujt Di@m cuKi s ph\n n?o thjp h[n gif trc D{ tAnh l?
15,-bar.
3.3. Trong 4A dx trTn, n_u thay mvt D\u lrn 4?o Di@m cuKi, DEing Kng bot 4?o hai Kng nhu, c\n
phGi xfc Dcnh fp sujt w D\u cuKi cBa mi Kng nhfnh. V@ minh ha cho trdnh tl n?y, giG thi_t rIng cfc
Kng nhfnh bIng nhau 4?o ce *+mm Kng c *+ 4ri chihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng l? 6+mm 4? lEu lEFng trong
mi mvt nhfnh l? $$-8g=pht.
.fc gif trc
Q
:
$
4?
;
:
1,$5
DEFc tAnh tofn cho Kng nhfnh l?%
Q
=
$$ -
= +,1'6 8g=pht=mm
$
:
$
16-'
;
=
61
= +, 5& mm
1,$5
:
1,$5
1+', *
Tk Xdnh ).1, fp sujt Di@m D\u l? 15,-bar 0fp sujt Di@m cuKi cBa DEing Kng chAnh1 giao nhau
4ri DEing
Q
= +,1'6
:
$
w Di@m !
$
cho mvt gif trc cBa
;
= 1, 6 . p sujt Di@m cuKi DEFc tdm thjy
:
1,$5
bIng cfch di chuy@n DEing
Q
:
$
sang phGi mvt 8hoGng cfch l? +,5& theo trxc ho?nh
;
, ngha l?
:
1,$5
;
= 1, 6+ + +, 5& =
$,1&
:
1,$5
tri Di@m T
$
w De fp sujt Di@m cuKi l? 11,*bar. /ri fp sujt Di@m cuKi mri
n?y 4? lEu lEFng $$-8g=pht, diHn tAch yTu c\u cBa D\u phun w cuKi mi Kng nhfnh thu DEFc tk )Gng
).- l? xjp xn '6#mm
$
.
Ta s nhqn thjy rIng ne chn h[i nhu h[n mvt At so 4ri 4A dx mvt D\u phun lrn duy nhjt, nhEng
lEu lEFng xG giGm Di mvt nza bwi fp sujt giGm.
H/n$ B10 /p giNm Dp trong @ng dyn K@i vLi Dp suft lHu tr? 1,,{bar (1,,{iPa)
3./. Trong hH thKng fp sujt cao, Kng gep DEFc cjp 8hA cacbon dioxit bwi mvt bdnh 8hA rii. YEu
lEFng ttng n?y DEFc chia cho sK bdnh 8hA D@ ce DEFc lEu lEFng tk mi bdnh 8hA. MhG nmng lEu thCng
w 4an cBa bdnh 8hA 4? Kng nKi 4ri Kng gep s thay Dti tsy theo 8_t cju 4? 8Ach thErc 4ri mi ngEii
sGn xujt. VKi 4ri bjt 8 mvt 4an n?o, Kng nKi 4? bv ghJp nKi, chihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng ce th@ DEFc xfc
Dcnh bIng chihu d?i D[n 4c cBa 8Ach thErc Kng tiTu chu}n. /ri thCng tin n?y, ce th@ sz dxng cCng
thpc tAnh lEu lEFng D@ 4 mvt DEing bi@u din lEu lEFng DKi 4ri sl giGm fp. Vihu n?y cho ta mvt
phE[ng phfp thuqn tiHn D@ xfc Dcnh fp sujt cBa Kng DKi 4ri mvt 4an 4? tt hFp cfc Kng nKi.
3.0. .fc )Gng ).' 4? ).* quy Dcnh chihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng cBa cfc phx tsng DEing Kng D@ xfc
Dcnh chihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng cho cfc hH thKng DEing Kng. .fc bGng n?y chn DEa ra cfc hErng d~n ce
th@ sz dxng cfc sK liHu cBa ngEii sGn xujt. )Gng ).' quy Dcnh cho cfc phx tsng nKi Kng bIng ren 4?
)Gng ).* cho cfc phx tsng nKi Kng bIng h?n. .G hai bGng Dhu cho cfc c 8Ach thErc Kng *+9 tuy
nhiTn, DKi 4ri tjt cG cfc mxc DAch thlc tin, nhang sK liHu n?y cng ce th@ dsng cho cfc c 8Ach thErc
Kng #+.
3.6. VKi 4ri cfc thay Dti danh ngha 4h Dv nng cBa DEing Kng, 4? 4h fp sujt w D\u DEFc nng
cao l? 8hCng Dfng 8@. Tuy nhiTn, n_u ce mvt sl thay Dti lrn 4h Dv nng thd phGi xJt D_n y_u tK n?y.
/iHc Dihu chnnh fp sujt w D\u DEFc nng cao trTn mvt mJt 01m1, Dv nng phx thuvc 4?o fp sujt trung
bdnh cBa DEing Kng tbi ch DEFc nng 4d mqt Dv thay Dti theo fp sujt.
ThCng sK Dihu chnnh DEFc cho trong cfc )Gng ).5 4? ).6 tE[ng png 4ri cfc hH thKng fp sujt
thjp 4? fp sujt cao. p sujt w Di@m cuKi phGi trk Di lEFng Dihu chnnh 8hi d`ng 8hA Di lTn cao 4? DEFc
cvng 4ri lEFng Dihu chnnh 8hi d`ng 8hA Di xuKng. p sujt Di@m cuKi w miHng xG D{ DEFc xfc Dcnh D@
ce th@ chn cfc D\u phun ce 8Ach c thAch hFp.
VKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt thjp, lEu lEFng xG qua cfc miHng D\u phun tE[ng DE[ng l? cfc gif trc
cho trong )Gng ).#. .fc fp sujt thi_t 8_ cBa D\u phun w nhiHt Dv lEu tra $1. 8hCng DEFc nhu h[n
1*bar.
3[!* 3.3 .hihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng cBa cfc phx tsng nKi Kng bIng ren
MAch thErc danh ngha
cBa DEing Kng
ng 8huyu
*5
ng 8huyu
&+
ng 8huyu
&+ d?i 4?
Kng cha T
ng cha T
Mhrp nKi
hay 4an cza
nch mm m : m m m
'=# 1+ +,1# +,* +,$* +,#$ +,+&
1=$ 15 +,$* +,5$ +,' 1 +,1$
'=* $+ +,' +,6- +,*' 1,* +,15
1 $5 +,* +,#5 +,55 1,- +,1#
1 '$ +,5$ 1,1 +,- $,' +,$*
1 *+ +,61 1,' +,#$ $,- +,$-
$ 5+ +,-& 1,- 1,1 ',*1 +,'-
$ 65 +,&* $ 1,$ *,+# +,*'
' #+ 1,$ $,5 1,6 5,+6 +,55
* 1++ 1,5 ',$6 $ 6,6* +,-'
5 1$5 1,& *,+# $,6 #,'5 +,&1
6 15+ $,' *,&* ',+# 1+ 1,1
3[!* 3./ .hihu d?i tE[ng DE[ng cBa cfc phx tsng nKi Kng bIng h?n
MAch thErc danh ngha
cBa DEing Kng
ng 8huyu
*5
ng 8huyu
&+
ng 8huyu
&+ d?i 4?
Kng cha T
ng cha T
Mhrp nKi
hay 4an cza
nch mm m : m m m
'=# 1+ +,+6 +,$1 +,15 +,*& +,+&
1=$ 15 +,+& +,$* +,$1 +,6* +,1$
'=* $+ +,1$ +,'' +,$- +,#5 +,15
1 $5 +,15 +,*' +,'' 1,1 +,1#
1 '$ +,$1 +,55 +,*6 1,* +,$*
1 *+ +,$* +,6* +,5$ 1,6 +,$-
$ 5+ +,' +,#5 +,6- $,1 +,'-
$ 65 +,'- 1 +,#$ $,5 +,*'
MAch thErc danh ngha
cBa DEing Kng
ng 8huyu
*5
ng 8huyu
&+
ng 8huyu
&+ d?i 4?
Kng cha T
ng cha T
Mhrp nKi
hay 4an cza
nch mm m : m m m
' #+ +,*6 1,$ 1 ',11 +,55
* 1++ +,61 1,6 1,' *,+# +,-'
6 15+ +,&1 $,5 $ 6,16 1,1
3[!* 3.0 YEFng Dihu chnnh Dv nng DKi 4ri cfc hH thKng fp sujt thjp
p sujt Kng trung bdnh YEFng Dihu chnnh Dv nng
bar :6a bar=m :6a=m
$+,- $,+- +,1++ +,+1+
1&,' 1,&' +,+--6 +,++-#
1-,& 1-,& +,+5&& +,++6+
16,5 16,5 +,+*6# +,++*-
15,$ 1,5$ +,+'-# +,++'#
1',# 1,'# +,+'+' +,++'+
1$,* 1,$* +,+$*$ +,++$*
11,+ 1,1+ +,+1&$ +,++1&
1+,+ 1,++ +,+16$ +,++16
3[!* 3.6 YEFng Dihu chnnh Dv nng DKi 4ri cfc hH thKng fp sujt thjp
p sujt Kng trung bdnh YEFng Dihu chnnh Dv nng
bar :6a bar=m :6a=m
51,- 5,1- +,+-&6 +,++#+
*#,' *,#' +,+6-& +,++6#
**,# *,*# +,+6-- +,++6#
*1,* *,1* +,+*#6 +,++*&
'-,& ',-& +,+*++ +,++*+
'*,5 ',*5 +,+''& +,++'*
'1,+ ',1+ +,+$#' +,++$#
$-,6 $,-6 +,+$'# +,++$*
$*,1 $,*1 +,+1&$ +,++1&
$+,- $,+- +,+15# +,++16
1-,$ 1,-$ +,+1$* +,++1$
1*,+ 1,*+ +,+1+$ +,++1+
thjp
3[!* 3.2 YEu lEFng xG cBa diHn tAch tE[ng DE[ng miHng D\u phun
011
DKi 4ri hH thKng fp sujt
p sujt w miHng D\u phun YEFng xG
8g=pht=mm
$
bar :6a
$+,- $,+- $,&6-
$+,+ $,++ $,+'&
1&,' 1,&' 1,6-+
1#,6 1,#6 1,**1
1-,& 1-,& 1,$#'
1-,$ 1,-$ 1,16*
16,5 16,5 1,+-$
15,& 1,5& +,&&1'
15,$ 1,5$ +,&1-5
1*,5 1,*5 +,#5+-
1',# 1,'# +,-&1
1',1 1,'1 +,-'6#
1$,* 1,$* +,6#6&
11,- 1,1- +,6*1$
11,+ 1,1+ +,5&&
1+,+ 1,++ +,5*
011
Lla theo D\u phun D[n tiTu chu}n ce l 4?o tr`n 4ri hH sK l? +,&#
3[!* 3.8 YEu lEFng xG cBa diHn tAch tE[ng DE[ng miHng D\u phun
011
DKi 4ri cfc hH thKng fp
sujt thjp
p sujt w miHng D\u phun YEFng xG
8g=pht=mm
$
bar :6a
51,- 5,1- ',$55
5+,+ 5,++ $,-+'
*#,' *,#' $,*+1
*6,5 *,65 $,1-$
**,# *,*# 1,&&'
*',1 *,'1 1,#'&
*1,* *,1* 1,-+5
'&,6 ',&6 1,5#&
'-,& ',-& 1,*#-
'6,$ ',6$ 1,'&6
p sujt w miHng D\u phun YEFng xG
8g=pht=mm
$
bar :6a
'*,5 ',*5 1,'+#
'$,# ',$# 1,$$'
'1,+ ',1+ 1,1'&
$&,' $,&' 1,+6$
$-,6 $,-6 +,&#*'
$5,& $,5& +,&+-
$*,1 $,*1 +,#$&6
$$,* $,$* +,-5&'
$+,- $,+- +,6#&
1-,$ 1,-$ +,5*#*
1*,+ 1,*+ +,*#''
011
Lla theo D\u phun D[n tiTu chu}n ce l 4?o tr`n 4ri hH sK l? +,&#
3.2. Trong cfc hH thKng fp sujt cao, thii hbn D@ thlc hiHn d`ng 8hA cn bIng thEing l? 8hCng
Dfng 8@. Trong cfc hH thKng fp sujt thjp, thii hbn 4? lEFng cacbon dioxit hea h[i trong 4iHc l?m mft
Kng c\n DEFc tAnh tofn 4? lEu lEFng d`ng 8hA cn bIng phGi DEFc tmng lTn cho phs hFp D@ ce th@ tAnh
DEFc nhE sau%
t
d
=
m)
p
('
1
'
$
)
+, 5+-Q
+
16#5+*
Q
Trong De%
m
v
=
m)
p
(
'
1
'
$
)
|
m l? 8hKi lEFng Kng, tAnh bIng 8ilogam9
) l? nhiHt lEFng riTng cBa 8im lobi l?m Kng, tAnh bIng 8iloOun trTn 8ilogam
011
9
"}
"g
'
,
l? nhiHt Dv trung bdnh cBa Kng trErc 8hi xG, tAnh bIng .
'
2
l? nhiHt Dv trung bdnh cBa cacbon dioxit, tAnh bIng .
0$1
Q l? lEu lEFng thi_t 8_, tAnh bIng 8ilogam trTn pht9
"g
ph
* l? th@ tAch Kng, tAnh bIng mJt 8hKi, m
2
| l? nhiHt }n hea h[i cBa cacbon dioxit lung, tAnh bIng 8iloOun trTn 8ilogam
0'1
9
"}
"g
1
)
p
h-,5+"}#"g&
$
9iN thiZt '
2
h,1,+) K@i vLi Dp suft cao vG '
2
h2-,+) K@i vLi cDc thiZt bX Dp suft thfp trong nh?ng Kiau "hiUn
chuRn&
'
|h,1-,{"}#"h[ng gian K@i vLi Dp suft cao vG |h2{+,3"}#"h[ng gian K@i vLi cDc hA th@ng Dp suft thfp&
p
P$' #'( C )t$a2 3$4o.
T:N7 TIN V CAC3ON DIO4IT Vl CeC WN7 DN7
.fc chjt chpa cacbon dioxit l? chjt 8hCng m?u, 8hCng msi 4? l? 8hA tr[ 8hCng d~n DiHn.
.acbon dioxit ngng g\n gjp mvt l\n rEi 8hCng 8hA. :vt 8ilogam cacbon dioxit lung w fp sujt 8hA
quy@n 4? w +. s tbo ra g\n +,51m
'
8hA. .acbon dioxit DEFc chpa th?nh bdnh chcu fp llc thCng
thEing tn tbi dEri dbng 8hA hea lung.
.acbon dioxit dqp tot Dfm chfy l? do giGm h?m lEFng Cxy trong 8hA quy@n tri Di@m 8hCng h
trF cho sl chfy.
.acbon dioxit thAch hFp cho 4iHc dqp tot cfc dbng chfy sau%
( .hfy cfc chjt lung hay cfc chjt ron hea lung DEFc9
( .hfy cfc chjt 8hA, trk cfc trEing hFp sau 8hi dqp chfy ce th@ phft tri@n mvt mCi trEing
nt do 8hA ti_p txc thoft ra9
Trong mvt sK Dihu 8hi@n nhjt Dcnh, chfy cfc 4qt liHu ron thEing ce gKc l? chjt hau c[ trong De
sl chfy thEing xGy ra csng 4ri cfc t?n lza hng9
( .hfy cfc dxng cx DiHn Dang hobt Dvng9
.acbon dioxit 8hCng thAch hFp trong 4iHc chaa chfy cfc 4qt liHu sau%
( .fc hea chjt m? bGn thn ce chpa ngun cung cjp Cxy nhE xenlulC nit[rft9
( .fc 8im lobi ce hobt tAnh hea hc 4? cfc hydroxyt cBa chng 0nhE natri, 8ali, magiT,
titan 4? 5incroni1. ,ng Dv cacbon dioxit Dqm Dgc sz dxng trong cfc hH thKng chaa chfy
ce tfc dxng gy ngbt 4? phGi DEFc coi l? nguy hi@m cao. Lo De, nhang yTu c\u 4h an
to?n trong Vihu 5 phGi DEFc xem xJt mvt cfch nghiTm tc.
P$' #'( D )t$a2 3$4o.
Vu D V TuN: TOeN
D.1. .>+ l>H!* &i!* ph>g!* phYp hk |ch V| 'x 1
L.1.1. !l cK 0mKi nguy hi@m1
)ung phun s[n 0nhang yTu c\u DKi 4ri 8hoGng chpa D\y 4? bxi s l? mvt tAnh tofn riTng biHt9
6
7
P 11
L.1.$. MAch thErc thlc
>vng $,**m 0mgt mw19
.ao $,1'm9
!u 1,#'m9
L.1.'. Th@ tAch giG Dcnh
$,**m $,1'm 01,#'m su ^ +,6m1
011
P1$,6'm
3
L.1.*. Ty sK ph\n trmm cBa chu 4i Deng 8An
$, ** + 1, #' + 1, #'
=
6,1
1++ = -1;
$, ** + $, ** + 1,#' + 1, #' #, 5*
L.1.5. YEu lEFng xG cho -1; Dv Deng 8An
*
0$1
^ 01 +,-11 016 *1
0$1
P -,*#
"g
L.1.6. YEu lEFng xG
1$,6'(m
3
) -,*#

"g
ph. m
'

P&*,*-
"g
!
ph. m
' "
ph
L.1.-. Tu c\u cacbon dioxit
&*,*-
"g
# $
+,5phqt 1,* 0bao gm h[i1
0'1
P 66,1'"g
ph
D.". .>+ l>H!* &i!* ph>g!* phYp hk |ch V| 'x "
L.$.1. !l cK
:fy in ce bKn cbnh 4? Dnnh mw 08hCng ce 4fch ron liTn txc9 6
7
h 11
L.$.$. MAch thErc thlc
>vng $,**m9
.ao $,1'm9
!u 1,#'m9
L.$.'. Th@ tAch giG Dcnh
$,*$m $,-$m 1,#$ P 11,&#m
'
L.$.*. Ty sK ph\n trmm cBa chu 4i Deng 8An
+;
1
Xem ,+&2&2
$
Xem t@c KQ !N K]c biAt t~ng cQng vG t@i thiUu e ,+&3&3
'
Xem ,+&,&,
L.$.5. YEu lEFng xG cho +; Dv Deng 8An
16
"g
ph. m
'
011
L.$.6. YEu lEFng xG
11,&#m
3
16
"g
ph. m
' P 1&1,-
"g
ph
L.$.-. Tu c\u cacbon dioxit
1&1,-
"g
ph
+,5phqt 1,* 0bao gm h[i1
0'1
P 1'*,$"g
D.3. .>+ l>H!* &i!* ph>g!* phYp 'iA! |ch
L.'.1. !l cK
)@ tCi 06
7
P 11
L.'.$. .fc 8Ach thErc bh mgt
>vng +,&$m9
L?i $,1'm9
L.'.'. /c trA D\u phun
GiG thi_t sl 8hGo sft chn ra rIng cfc D\u ce th@ Dgt w Du De, tk +,&$m D_n 1,#'m cfch xa bh
mgt chjt lung m? 8hCng Gnh hEwng D_n sl 4qn h?nh.
L.'.*. ThB txc
Tk cfc D\u phun DEFc xfc nhqn theo danh mxc
0$1
cBa ngEii sGn xujt, chn mvt sK tKi thi@u cfc
D\u phun s phB mvt diHn tAch $,1' +,&$m. GiG thi_t danh mxc ce mvt D\u phun 4ri diHn tAch phB
Erc lEFng l? 1,+#m
$
4? mpc lEu lEFng l? $$,'
"g
$,16m 4? mvt chihu rvng l? 1,+#m.
L.'.5. Ttng mpc lEu lEFng
ph
. ,hE 4qy, hai D\u phun s phB mvt chihu d?i
L.'.6. Tu c\u cacbon dioxit
1 $$,'
"g
ph
P **,6
"g
ph
**,6
"g
ph
+,5phqt 1,* 0bao gm h[i1 P '1,$"g
L.*. XH thKng chaa chfy th@ tAch
L.*.1. )un chpa
)ung chpa DKi 4ri rEFu etylic 06
7
P 1,'*1 ce mvt l hw 08hCng DEFc Deng lbi1 l? $m 1m&
L.*.$. .fc 8Ach thErc thlc
L?i 16m9
>vng 1+m9
.ao ',5m9
L.*.'. Th@ tAch giG Dcnh
1
Xem t@c KQ !N K]c biAt e ,+&3&3
$
:anh m`c cDc KFu phun c^a ngH_i sNn !uft lG mQt bNng s@ cDc KFu phun t lA gi?a diAn tYch ph^ tHIng Vng
vLi chiau cao c^a ba m]t bNo vA vG lHu lHCng Kg cho tYnh bong "ilogam trEn phqt (
"g
ph
)
*
*
L.*.*. Th@ tAch bt sung cho thCng gie
= 16 1+ ', 5 = 56+m
'
L.*.5. Th@ tAch 8hju trk
* = +m
'
* = +m
'
* = 56+ + + = 56+m
'
L.*.6. Ttng diHn tAch bh mgt cBa tjt cG cfc cbnh
4 = (16 1+ $) + (16 ', 5 $) + (1+ ', 5 $) =
5+$m
2
L.*.-. Ttng diHn tAch bh mgt cBa tjt cG cfc 8he hw
L.*.#. LiHn tAch
4
0* = $ 1 = $m
$
L.*.&. YEFng thi_t 8_ cacbon dioxit
4 = 5+$ + 6+ = 56$m
$
m = 1, '*
(
+, $
kg
m
$
56$m + +, -
"g
m
'

56+m
)
= 6-5, &"g .
8
9
$ '