Chapter 2: Matter

Section 2: Properties of Substances

Standards
Standard 1: Matter

#1. Explore matter in terms of its physical and chemical
properties

#5. Evaluate pure substances and mixtures

Objectives
1. Compare and contrast physical and chemical
properties
2. List the physical and chemical properties a substance
can have
3. Define density and contrast it with weight
4. Calculate the density, mass, or volume of a substance
using the density equation
5. Identify whether a property of a substance is physical
or chemical
The Properties!
Physical properties:
Observed without changing the
substance!
Describes the QUALITIES of a
chemical substance
Easy to observe
TWO types
Intensive: Do NOT depend on
the amount of the substance
Extensive: DO depend on the
amount of the substance

Observed by changing the substance
into a DIFFERENT/NEW substance
Describes HOW a chemical changes
into a NEW substance
Harder to observe
Only has ONE type!
HOW the Chemical REACTS!!!

Objective 1: Compare and
contrast physical and
chemical properties
Chemical properties:
The Properties Cont
BOTH physical and chemical properties help
To DEFINE a substance
To IDENTIFY a substance
To DETERMINE uses for the substance
Can be MEASURED and OBSERVED
Qualitative and Quantitative Observations!!
Objective 1: Compare and
contrast physical and
chemical properties
Types of Properties!
Physical properties:
Intensive:
Melting point: temperature at which
a solid changes into a liquid
Boiling point: temperature at which
a liquid changes into a gas
Hardness, magnetism, strength,
durability, flexibility, color,
Extensive:
Shape, size, mass, volume etc..



All chemical properties are INTENSTIVE
properties!
Flammability the capacity or ability to
burn
Flash point: temperature at which a
substance will catch fire or explode
Reactivity: capacity of a substance to
combine with another substance
chemically
Toxicity
Chemical stability
Chemical properties:
Objective 2: List the physical
and chemical properties a
substance can have
DeNsItY!!
INTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTY!!
Definition:
Ratio of the mass to the volume of a substance
UNITS: g/cm
3
or g/mL
Formula: =

Whats the difference between weight and density?
Weight is an EXTENSIVE physical property
Measures the force of gravity!
Density is a measure of how much matter is in a certain volume
They are PROPORTIONAL because as mass increases weight
increases!

Objective 3: Define density
and contrast it with weight
m
V D
DENSITY Calculations!
1. A piece of tin (Sn) has a mass of 16.52 g and a
volume of 2.26 mL. What is the density of the tin?
2. A man has a bottle completely filled with 163 g of a
slimy green liquid that has a density of 3.26 g/cm
3
.
What is the volume of the bottle?
3. A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/mL and a
volume of 6.7 cm
3
. What is the mass of the metal?
Objective 4: Calculate the density,
mass, or volume of a substance
using the density equation
Identifying Properties!
If the property that is observed
Does NOT change the substance into a NEW substance
PHYSICIAL PROPERTY
Examples: the density of the metal is 5.6 or the melting point of water is 0C
DOES change the substance into a NEW substance
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Examples: oxygen is highly flammable or 67.4 mg of crystal meth is toxic to the
liver
NOTE: melting, boiling, evaporating, or sublimation are NOT changing
the substance into something NEW

Objective 5: Identify whether a
property of a substance is physical
or chemical