any molecule that is produced by a living

organism, including large macromolecules

such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
nucleic acids,
Biomolecule
stretch of DNA and/or RNA that codes
for a polypeptide or for an RNA chain
that has a function in the organism.
Gene nucleotides
Various substances are required for the proper
functioning of the coagulation (clotting) cascade.
biological molecules that form the
building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and
RNA! and serve to carry packets of
energy "ithin the cell A#$!
blood clotting
factors
genetic
engineering
direct manipulation of an organism%s
genome using biotechnology
small DNA molecule that is physically
separate from, and can replicate
independently of, chromosomal DNA
"ithin a cell
plasmid cell
basic structural and functional unit of all
kno"n living organisms.
peptide hormone that stimulates gro"th,
cell reproduction and regeneration in
humans and other animals.
human gro"th
hormone
se&uence
large biological molecules consisting of
one or more chains of amino acids.
$roteins perform a vast array of functions
"ithin living organisms, including
cataly'ing metabolic reactions,
replicating DNA, responding to stimuli,
informational molecule encoding the
genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all
kno"n living organisms and many
viruses.
DNA
deo(yribonucleic
acid!
succession of letters that indicate the order of
nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA
(GAC) !olecule
$roteins
method for separation and analysis of
macromolecules DNA, RNA and proteins!
and their fragments, based on their si'e
and charge
gel
electrophoresis
instrument used to accuratel" !easure and
dispense s!all #olu!es of liquid.
micropipette
the step"ise dilution of a substance in
solution. )sually the dilution factor at
each step is constant, resulting in a
geometric progression of the
concentration in a logarithmic fashion
serial
dilutions
*himera
single organism usually an animal! that
is composed of t"o or more di+erent
populations of genetically distinct cells
that originated from di+erent 'ygotes
involved in se(ual reproduction.
ubi&uitous family of large biological
molecules that performs multiple vital
roles in the coding, decoding, regulation,
and e(pression of genes
Ribonucleic acid
RNA!
Diabetes mellitus
type ,
formerly insulin dependent or -uvenile
diabetes! is a form of diabetes mellitus
that results from autoimmune
destruction of insulin.producing beta
cells of the pancreas
peptide hormone, produced by beta cells
of the pancreas, and is central to
regulating carbohydrate and fat
metabolism in the body.
/nsulin Glucose
simple monosaccharide found in plants.
/t is one of the three dietary
monosaccharides, along "ith fructose
and galactose, that are absorbed directly
into the bloodstream during digestion
molecule most often found on the
surface of a cell, "hich receives chemical
signals originating e(ternally from the
cell.
receptor
Diabetes mellitus
type 0
formerly noninsulin.dependent diabetes
mellitus N/DD1! or adult.onset diabetes!
is a metabolic disorder that is
characteri'ed by high blood glucose in
the conte(t of insulin resistance and
relative insulin de2ciency.
gelatinous substance derived by boiling a
polysaccharide in red algae, that
provides a solid surface containing
medium for the gro"th of bacteria and
Agarose
a portion of a total amount of a solution Ali&uot