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This document describes modifications made to a demonstration of the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid from ammonia. The modifications address issues with controlling the amount of ammonia used and the catalyst packing too tightly. Now, air is drawn through a bottle containing ammonium hydroxide solution without the tubing extending into the solution, allowing ammonia and air to enter the catalyst tube in proper proportions. Broken unglazed tile is used instead of asbestos as the catalyst carrier. The products are drawn into a flask where nitrogen dioxide forms, then absorbed in water to form nitric acid.
This document describes modifications made to a demonstration of the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid from ammonia. The modifications address issues with controlling the amount of ammonia used and the catalyst packing too tightly. Now, air is drawn through a bottle containing ammonium hydroxide solution without the tubing extending into the solution, allowing ammonia and air to enter the catalyst tube in proper proportions. Broken unglazed tile is used instead of asbestos as the catalyst carrier. The products are drawn into a flask where nitrogen dioxide forms, then absorbed in water to form nitric acid.
This document describes modifications made to a demonstration of the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid from ammonia. The modifications address issues with controlling the amount of ammonia used and the catalyst packing too tightly. Now, air is drawn through a bottle containing ammonium hydroxide solution without the tubing extending into the solution, allowing ammonia and air to enter the catalyst tube in proper proportions. Broken unglazed tile is used instead of asbestos as the catalyst carrier. The products are drawn into a flask where nitrogen dioxide forms, then absorbed in water to form nitric acid.
A MODIFICATION OF THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE OSTWALD PROCESS
SAUL S. HAUBEN and RICHARD 8. SfEGEL
Brooklyn Technical High School, Brooklyn, New York IN A former issue of THIS JOURNAL,^ we described a simple demonstration of the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid. Since then we have noticed two defects in this method. It has been difficult to control the amount of ammonia used and the asbestos carrier of the catalyst tended t o pack tightly, thus obstructing the free flow of gas. We have modified the apparatus as indicated below and as shown in the diagram. Air is drawn through a wide-mouth bottle containing a small quantity of 1 : 1 ammonium hydroxide solu- tion. Note that the tubing does not extend into the solution. In this manner, ammonia and air in the proper proportions are drawn through the catalyst n-hich has been strongly heated in a glass tube for about two minutes. Suction is supplied by a water aspirator. Instead of asbestos fibers as a carrier for the platinum ' H A ~ E N , S. S., AND R. 8. SIEOEL, J. CHEM. EDUC., 20, 166 1943). catalyst, broken unglazed tile is used, 15 to 20 mesh. The tile is soaked for several hours in chloroplatinic acid prepared as previously directed.' It is then ignited in the same manner. After leaving the catalyst tube the air-ammonia mixture is drawn into a one-liter Florence flask. When the brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide appear in the flask, the flame should be removed. The catalyst usually begins t o glow, indicating the exothermic na- ture of the reaction. I t is suggested that a wide-mouth bottle containing some water be added between the Florence flask and the aspirator, so that the nitrogen dioxide after being seen is absorbed in the water to form the nitric acid. It is also advisable, at the com- pletion of the demonstration, to heat the catalyst strongly for a few minutes while drawing air through. This will remove any adsorbed gases, thus preparing the way for the next demonstration.
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