addresses basic literacy using the strategy of

phonics and move on to enable pupils to become

independent readers.
pupils phonemics awareness will be developed
by means of phonics.
recognising letter sounds is an essential and
useful early reading skill.
pupils should be aware of the relationship
between phonemes and the grapheme.
Phonics
Phonics is knowing that sounds and letters
have a relationship.

A child who has mastered phonics can connect
the sounds he knows with letters, then put them
together to make words.

Phonics offers your beginning reader the
strategies she/he needs to sound out words.

26 letters in our alphabet correspond to 44
sounds.
Phonics vs Phonetics

Phonics:
Correlation between sounds and letters.

Phonetics:
Classification of speech sound , esp. with regard
to the physical aspects of their production.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words Learning
Standard
/s/ s , ss sun , sit, cross 2.1.2 (a) and
(e)-Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// a apple, cat, pat 2.1.2 (a) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/t/ t cat, tap , pot 2.1.2 (a)-Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/p/ p pull, pet, top 2.1.2 (a) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// i sin, pin , sit 2.1.2 (b) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/n/ n
noise, nine,
nose
2.1.2 (b) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/m/ m
mouth, moon,
met
2.1.2 (b) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/d/ d door, duck, doll 2.1.2 (b) -Y1
44 Sounds
s
a
t p
i n m d
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/g/ g goat, girl, tag 2.1.2 (c) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// o clock, hot, top 2.1.2 (c) -Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/k/ k , c , ck cup, kid, kick
2.1.2 (c) and
(d)-Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/e/ e pen, ten, bell 2.1.2 (d)-Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// u cup, hut, bun 2.1.2 (d) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/r/ r red, rose, run 2.1.2 (d) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/h/ h hut, hot, hit 2.1.2 (e) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/b/ b ball, book, tab 2.1.2 (e) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/f/ f,ff five, fin, puff 2.1.2 (e) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/l/ l,ll low, line, ball 2.1.2 (e) Y1
44 Sounds
s
a
t p
i n m d
g
o
c,k,ck
u r
h e b f,ff l,ll
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/d/ j jail, jam, jug 2.1.2 (f ) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/v/ v van, veil, vase 2.1.2 (f ) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/w/ w wall, wet, wheel 2.1.2 (f ) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/ks/ /gz/ x
box, fox,
exit,
2.1.2 (f ) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/j/ y yellow, you, 2.1.2 (g) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/z/ z, zz zoo, zip, zebra 2.1.2 (g) Y1
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/kw/ qu
queen, quick,
queue
2.1.2 (g) Y1
44 Sounds
s
a
t p
i n m d
g
o c,k,ck u r h e b f,ff l,ll
j v w
x (ks) x (gz)
y qu z,zz
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/t/ ch
chip, cherry,
cheek
2.1.1 (a) Y2
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// sh
ship, shoes,
flash
2.1.1 (a) Y2
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// // th thin, the, think 2.1.1 (a) Y2
44 Sounds
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// ng
wing, thing,
bring
2.1.1 (a) Y2
44 Sounds
s
a
t p
i n m d
g
o c,k,ck u r h e b f,ff l,ll
j v w x (ks) x (gz) y qu z,zz
ch sh th th ng
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
-
Missing Sound
Cross your arms on your
chest and lift your
shoulders. Say er
// a ago
ar
car
bark
card
Words with long monophthong /a:/
ea
heart
ir
girl
skirt
sir
Words with long monophthong /:/
ur
turn
purse
hurt
er
her
herd
concern
ee
sheep
bee
peel
Words with long monophthong /i:/
ea
sea
meat
read
e - e
these
piece
niece
ue
blue
glue
true
Words with long monophthong /u:/
oo
food
boots
moon
u - e
flute
rude
use
or
fork
horse
corn
Words with long monophthong /:/
aw
draw
prawn
paw
au
auto
daughter
audit
Diphthongs
A sound formed by the combination
of two vowels in a single syllable, in
which the sound begins as one vowel
and moves toward another.
/e/ // /a/
/a/
// /e/ //
//
Words with diphthong /e/
ai
brain
chain
drain

faint


pail


tail

ay

day

pay
play
stay
today
say
oi
oil
coil
soil
noise

voice


choice

oy
boy
joy
toy
enjoy
Words with diphthong //
ie
pie
tie
lie
igh
high

tight

i-e
hide
tide
line
Words with diphthong /a/
sigh
t
Words with diphthong /a/
ou

house

mouse

loud


flour

shout
ow

owl


brown

clown
town
Words with diphthong //
boat
oa

float


foam

ow
elbow
pillow
snow
oe

goes

toe
mangoes
o-e
bone
rope
joke
air
chair
pair
hair
Words with diphthong /e/
ure
sure
pure
cure
Words with diphthong //
ear
hear
dear
fear
Words with diphthong //
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/e/ ai tail, paint 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Hands on the waist and
say ei as if in anger.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/i:/ ee sheep 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Show your teeth and say
ee.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a/ igh high 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Place palm on the chest
and say l.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oa boat 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Palms up, shake your body
and say au.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oo cook 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Place hands above head,
tap once and say u.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/u:/ oo pool 2.1.1 (b)
44 Sounds
Place hands above head,
shake your head and say
u.
BLENDING
tail
BLENDING
sheep
BLENDING
high
BLENDING
coat
BLENDING
book
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a:/ ar car 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Open your mouth wide and
say aa.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ or fork 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Draw a big circle (anti-
clockwise in the air and
say or.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ ur burn 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Put your finger on the
temple and say er
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oa boat 2.1.1 (b)
ow elbow 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Palms up, shake your body
and say au.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/I/ oi coin 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Hop like a kangaroo and
say oi.
BLENDING
star
BLENDING
fork
BLENDING
church
BLENDING
elbow
BLENDING
coin
ai ee igh oa oo
ar or ur ow oi
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// ear hear 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Fan your hand in front of
your nose and say eear.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/e/ air chair 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Hold your jaw and say
air.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// ure sure 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Form a u with both hands,
spread them like a flower
blooming and say uwer.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ ur burn 2.1.1 (c)
er herd 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Put your finger on the
temple and say er
BLENDING
near
BLENDING
fair
BLENDING
sure
BLENDING
stern
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/e/ ai paint, tail 2.1.1 (a)
ay pay 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Hands on the waist and
say ei as if in anger.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a/ ow cow 2.1.1 (d)
ou round 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Pinch yourself and say
aw.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a/ igh high 2.1.1 (a)
ie tie 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Place palm on the chest
and say l.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/i:/ ee sheep 2.1.1 (a)
ea tea 2.1.1 (d)
44 Sounds
Show your teeth and say
ee.
BLENDING
may
BLENDING
house
BLENDING
pie
BLENDING
sea
ea air ure er
ay ou ie ea
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/I/ oi coin 2.1.1 (b)
oy boy 2.1.1 (e)
44 Sounds
Hop like a kangaroo and
say oi.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ ur burn 2.1.1 (b
er certain 2.1.1 (c)
ir sir 2.1.1 (e)
44 Sounds
Put your finger on the
temple and say er
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oo pool 2.1.1 (a)
/u:/ ue blue 2.1.1 (e)
44 Sounds
Place hands above head,
shake your head and say
u.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ or fork 2.1.1 (b)
aw draw 2.1.1 (e)
44 Sounds
Draw a big circle (anti-
clockwise in the air and
say or.
BLENDING
toy
BLENDING
sir
BLENDING
blue
BLENDING
draw
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/w/ wh wheel 2.1.1 (f )
44 Sounds
Join two peace signs and
say w.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/f/ ph photo 2.1.1 (f )
44 Sounds
Action of bird flying and
say f.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/ju:/ ew few 2.1.1 (f )
44 Sounds
Point to your friend and
say you.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a:/ ar, car, heart, barn 2.1.1 (b)
ear 2.1.1 (c)
44 Sounds
Open your mouth wide and
say aa.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oa boat 2.1.1 (a)
ow elbow 2.1.1 (b)
oe toe 2.1.1 (f )
44 Sounds
Palms up, shake your body
and say au.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/:/ or fork 2.1.1 (b)
aw draw 2.1.1 (e)
au auto 2.1.1 (f )
44 Sounds
Draw a big circle (anti-
clockwise in the air and
say or.
BLENDING
wheel
BLENDING
photo
BLENDING
new
BLENDING
toe
BLENDING
author
oy ir ue aw
wh ph ew oe au
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/e/ a-e cake, gate 2.1.1 (g)
44 Sounds
Hands on the waist and
say ei as if in anger.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/i:/ ee sheep 2.1.1 (a)
ea tea 2.1.1 (d)
e-e piece 2.1.1 (g)
44 Sounds
Show your teeth and say
ee.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/a/ igh high 2.1.1 (a)
ie tie 2.1.1 (d)
i-e ride, prize 2.1.1 (g)
44 Sounds
Place palm on the chest
and say l.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
// oa boat 2.1.1 (a)
ow elbow 2.1.1 (b)
oe toe 2.1.1 (f )
o-e stone 2.1.1 (g)
44 Sounds
Palms up, shake your body
and say au.
Phoneme
(Sound)
Grapheme
(Letter(s))
Words
Learning
Standard
/u:/ oo pool 2.1.1 (a)
ue blue 2.1.1 (e)
u-e rude 2.1.1 (g)
44 Sounds
Place hands above head,
shake your head and say
u.
BLENDING
cake
BLENDING
cheese
BLENDING
prize
BLENDING
rope
BLENDING
cube
a-e e-e i-e
o-e u-e
SEGMENTING
Decodable Words
:
Phonetically decodable words
should be taught according to
the principle of saying sounds in
a word in the order in which they
occur.
Not Decodable
Words :
Some words are not decodable
using the grapheme-phoneme
correspondence. They are also
called tricky words.
Tricky Words :
the
to
I
no
go
into
you
they
all
are
my
her
he
she
we
me
be
was
Tricky Words :
said
have
like
so
do
some
come
were
there
little
one
when
out
what
oh
their
people
Mr
Mrs
looked
called
asked
could
Activity 1 (sound(s))
1.1 Leader holds up letter card (diphthong).


1.2 Group sound the letter.
2.1 Get a group to hold the card and sing :

If you think you know this sound, shout it out! (eg: ai 2 x)
If you think you know this sound, shout it out!
If you think you know this sound,
Then tell me what you've heard,
If you think you know this sound, shout it out!
(tune: if you happy and you know it)

2.2 The class will shout out the sound on the cards.
oy ie oe
/I/ - oi , oy
/a/ - ie, igh, i-e
// - ao, ow, oe
Activity 2 Diphthong (Blending)
1. In groups of 5, do the blending activity
2. Letter cards:



Consonant cards Diphthong cards
Eg:




t oy
t + oy = toy
Activity 3 Diphthong (Segmenting)
1. In groups of 5, segment the words given
2. Word cards:



Eg:




boy toy joy
Activity 4 Classroom activity
1. In groups of 5, pick a diphthong from the
standard document
2. Come up with an activity to teach the sound
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishA1d.htm
Web site for the activity