LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS:

Linear graph is a straight line graph that shows the relationship between two variables
A rule is used to find two variables. The rule can look something like this y = x + 2
On a Cartesian plane there are two coordinates: The x axis which runs horizontally and the
y axis which runs vertically. The coordinates are written as an ordered pair (x, y).

Complete the table below:
Rule: y = x + 1
Column 1 2 3 4 5
Coordinates x -2 -1 0 1 2
Coordinates y -1 0
Ordered pair (x, y) ( -2 , -1) (- 1, 0)

Steps:
1) Using the rule, y = x + 1, use the values of x to be substituted into the rule
y = x + 1
The first x value will be used from column 2
y = -1 + 1
2) Once you have substituted a value for x into the rule, evaluate (Answer) the rule.
y = -1 + 1 = 0
3) In the last row called the ordered pair (x, y), put your x value first, and followed by
your y value that you just calculated.
Ordered pair = (-1, 0) with -1 being the x value seen in the first row, followed
by 0 being the y value that was calculated by you.
Complete the table using the following as a guide
Column 3 y = x + 1 y = __ + 1 = ___
Column 4 y = x + 1 y = __ + 1 = ___
Column 5 y = x + 1 y = __ + 1 = ___
Complete the following two tables. Column 1 is completed for you.
Rule: y = 2x 3.
Remember when a number and letter are together we multiply. 2x is 2 X (multiply) x.
Column 1 2 3 4 5
Coordinates x -3 -2 0 2 3
Coordinates y -9
Ordered pair (x, y) ( -2 , -1)

Column 2 y = 2 X x 3 y = 2 x ___ - 3 y = ___ - 3 = ___
Column 3 y = 2 X x 3 y = 2 x ___ - 3 y = ___ - 3 = ___
Column 4 y = 2 X x 3 y = 2 x ___ - 3 y = ___ - 3 = ___
Column 5 y = 2 X x 3 y = 2 x ___ - 3 y = ___ - 3 = ___

Rule: y = 3x - 1
Column 1 2 3 4 5
Coordinates x -3 -2 0 2 3
Coordinates y -9
Ordered pair (x, y) ( -2 , -1)
This space is provided for you to demonstrate (show) your working out for each of column 2
to 5 answers.










PLOTTING ON A CARTESIAN PLANE
The reason we use the table of values above is so that we can plot on a Cartesian plane.
Remember X always comes first, followed by the Y.
X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
(x, y) (-2, 3) (-1, 3.5) (0,4) (1, 4.5) (2, 5)
Using the ordered pair we are going to plot 5 points on to a Cartesian plane:
1) Our first plot will be (-2, 3). Using the first value of x
(-2) you locate it on the x axis (horizontal). Then
once we have found the x vale we then find the y
(3) value.
2) Our second plot is used from finding -1 on the x
axis (horizontal) then 3.5 on the y (vertical).
3) Our third plot is used from finding 0 on the x axis
(horizontal) then 4 on the y (vertical).
4) Our fourth plot is used from finding 1 on the x axis
(horizontal) then 4.5 on the y (vertical).
5) Our fifth plot is used from finding 2 on the x axis
(horizontal) then 5 on the y (vertical).









Using the provide graph paper; plot the 3 table of values you did for the rules of:
- y = x + 1
- y = 2x 3.
- y = 3x - 1


Plot the 2 table of values below on the provide graph paper:
x -4 -2 0 2 4
y 8 5 2 -1 -4
(x, y) (-4, 8) ( -2, 5) (0, 2) (2, -1) (4, -4)

x -6 -3 0 3
y -8 -5 -2 1
(x, y) (-6, -8) (-3, -5) (0, -2) (3, 1)


GRADIENTS
There are four types of Gradients:





Gradients tell us about the slope of a line.
A positive gradient slopes upwards from left to right, whilst a negative gradient slopes
downwards from left to right.
A horizontal line has a gradient of zero and does not have an x-intercept as it does not go
through the horizontal line (x-axis). Look at the below picture to see a gradient of zero. A
vertical line has a gradient that cannot be evaluated. It is undefined. It does not have a y-
intercept as it does not go through the vertical line (y axis).

Task: Draw three lines on the provide graph paper and use
it to show the difference between lines with a positive,
negative and zero gradients (Hint: use different colours to
demonstrate the differences).