Detailed Equipment Design

Objective:
Attention to Details

How Many Units to Design?

One
The More Complex of the Two ShortCut Designs
Examples
Reactor
Distillation Column
Absorption Column
Dryer

Format for Detailed Design

Unit summary - including operating
conditions, production rate etc.
Mention key design concerns
List major assumptions with proper
references/justifications

Format for Detailed Design

(Contd)
Present design calculations
Improve upon shortcut design
wherever possible
Design internals in more details
(agitators, trays, distributors, heat
transfer surface etc.)
Select material of construction and
calculate wall thickness

Format for Detailed Design

(Contd)
Draw detailed drawing of the equipment
with internals
Discuss proposed instrumentation and
control for the unit including safety
device
Show proposed instrumentation and
control schemes on a separate drawing
Prepare a specification sheet

Main Reactor Types

Fixed bed
Fluidized bed
Slurry bed
Stirred Tank

Gas Distributor
(A Common Internal)
Main Types
Ring sparger
Perforated Plate
Perforated pipe

Gas Distributors (Contd)

Important Design Considerations
Uniform flow through distributor orifices
Low pressure drop while avoiding
channeling
Avoid plugging due to solid particles
Avoid gas jets impingement on vessel walls
can lead to pitting

Uniform Flow Through Sparger

Orifices
Criteria:

f Vp / 2
Po
Pp
Po

0.1

0.1

(1)

(2)

Uniform Flow Through Orifices

Orifice pressure Drop:
2

V Ao
Po 2.6 f
1
2 Ap

2
o

By continuity :
AoVo N o ApV p
Substituting in Eq. 1

Do D p / 1 4.04 N

2 0.25
o

Example of Detailed Design in

Guide Book
Page 80-86
Example of Gas Distributor
Design on
Page 77-79