INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF

HORIZONTOL HONING MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Bhumin A. Patel

(110320119051)

Vishal K. Panchal

(120323119013)

Devarsh K. Patel

(110320119015)

Nishan K. Patel

(110320119016)

In fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, AHMEDABAD

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
1

December, 2014

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014 - 2015
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that dissertation entitled INCREASING THE EFFECIENCY
OF HORIZONTOL HONING MACHINE has been carried out by Bhumin A.
Patel under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide
Vimal Salot
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

Head of Department
Ms Prexa H Parikh
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014 - 2015
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that dissertation entitled INCREASING THE EFFECIENCY
OF HORIZONTOL HONING MACHINE has been carried out by Vishal K.
Panchal under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide
Vimal Salot
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

Head of Department
Ms Prexa H Parikh
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014 - 2015
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that dissertation entitled INCREASING THE EFFECIENCY
OF HORIZONTOL HONING MACHINE has been carried out by Devarsh
K. Patel under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide
VImal Salot
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

Head of Department
Ms Prexa H Parikh
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014 - 2015
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that dissertation entitled INCREASING THE EFFECIENCY
OF HORIZONTOL HONING MACHINE has been carried out by Nishan K.
Patel under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide
Vimal Salot
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

Head of Department
Ms Prexa H Parikh
Mechanical Department
L.J.I.E.T.

L.J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2014 - 2015
PROJECT REPORT APPROVAL
Date:
This is to certify that dissertation entitled INCREASING THE EFFECIENCY
OF HORIZONTOL HONNING MACHINE, carried out by the group of
students mentioned below is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.
List of Students:1. Bhumin A. Patel

(110320119051)

2. Vishal K. Patel

(120323119013)

3. Devarsh K. Patel

(110320119015)

4. Nishan K. Patel

(110320119016)

External Examiner(s):1. Name and Sign:2. Name and Sign:3. Name and Sign:-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express the deepest appreciation to our team Guide, Asst.
Professor Mr.Vimal Salot, who has given us the idea about to make this type of
Project. He continuously conveyed us for further research regarding to this project
and without his guidance we dont know about that type of project which is very
useful in office works, household works, etc.
We would like to thank Mr. Paresh Patni (Production & Design Dept Head),
all the workers & operators of HASMUKH ENGINEERING WORKS(VATVA)
who had shared their technical knowledge, gained after a long experience of
working, with the student like us, for whom this was a totally new experience at
the shop-floor.
We express our deep gratitude to Head of Mechanical Engineering
Department, Ms. Prexa H Parikh, for encouraging us to prepare the project on
INCREASING THE EFFICINCY OF HORIZONTAL HONING MACHINE.
We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. C. R. Maiti,
Director. L. J. Institute of Engineering and Technology for his valuable guidance,
motivation, co-operation with encouraging attitude at all the stages of this work.
We thank Almighty, our team guide, friends for their constant
encouragement without which this project work would not be possible.
BHUMIN A. PATEL
VISHAL K. PANCHAL
DEVARSH K. PATEL
NISHAN K. PATEL

ABSTRACT
Replacing hydraulic operated honing machine by servo mechanism which
helps in continuously checking the status of process and take action as per the need
automatically.
We will make the movement of hone tools with the use of servo motor.
The entire hone head will slide on the guiding rails through chain drive. The
rotation to the spindle of hone tool is given by motor through gear box.
Servo motor will aid to automatic hone tool movement with the help of
ball screw and nut mechanism. This will reduce human intervention in making
movements of hone tools.

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION ABOUT PROJECT

1. 1 HISTORY ABOUT INVENTION
1.2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF HONING MACHINE.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF HONING MACHINE.
1.6 APPLICATION OF HONING MACHINE.

1.1 HISTORY ABOUT INVENTION

Honing is a first cousin to the word sharpening, which is a wider known
process and has been part of our lives since the Stone Age and possibly before.
Since our early ancestors were hunters and gatherers, weapons and sharp tools
were necessary for everyday survival. Stones were fashioned into sharp
"arrowheads", allowing the invention of the "bow and arrow." During the Bronze
Age, metals such as copper and tin were brought together and became part of
human history in the creation of weapons, body armor, sculptures, and artifacts.
The Bronze Age ultimately made a great impact on efficiency in our more recent
times of agriculture and manufacturing. Since metals were used for more than
weapons, sharpening wasn't the only process needed to refine metal surfaces.
In contrast to sharpening, honing is a very fine and precise process.
Honing focuses specifically on improving the geometric shape of an object and is
also used to create a desired texture for metal surfaces. By taking an abrasive
surface or object, such as a honing stone, and applying it to a metal surface you can
alter the shape of a metal object or create a desired texture from rough to smooth
and in varying degrees. Honing machines allow machined metal parts to be
finished with a desired texture to specification. For example, delicate metal parts in
9

a musical instrument or hand gun would require more precision during the honing
process and allows no room for errors in specification. Auto parts, such as brake
rotors, require a polished effect along with grooves and notches for the application
of other working parts. While honing metal surfaces of brake rotors, specification
is important but not near as delicate and precise as musical instruments or hand
guns. Precision in these types of examples is paramount.
Most manufacturers that create metal parts use some type of honing
process in the finishing of these parts. Some manufacturers have an in-house
machine shop or a honing machine on their assembly line. Smaller operations with
occasional honing jobs may choose to have this process outsourced to a local
machine shop that can hone their parts to specification. Either way, honing metal
parts will give that finished product the desired outcome to product specification.
Regarding texture, there are various amounts of desired metal textures
from rough to smooth. In some metal parts, a grooved texture may be desired.
Using a specific type of abrasive surface against the metal object or part will give
the desired outcome. When creating notches or grooves, also known as "keys", the
honing process may be used to create this specific shape and to give a smooth or
rough edge, whichever is required by the specification.
Basically, we have all been surrounded by a great many objects that
required the honing process. Hone metal parts are in our automobiles, machinery,
small engines and even delicate gears in musical instruments as well as our modern
weapons such as hand guns. Next time you are looking at a textured or tooled
metal object, just think of the precise work that was involved in "honing" the
grooves, notches, bores and keys to create desired surface textures.
Superior Hone was founded in Elkhart, Indiana in the mid 1940's and was
a large contributor to the war effort with tool room production and precision
honing machines. Superior moved to Erwin, Tennessee and then on to the
Bradenton/Sarasota, Florida area in 1977. Today, with over 50 years of vitrified
and super finish abrasive know how to draw upon, the company can offer expert
product knowledge for all makes and suppliers of honing machines. Superior can
also provide honing machine consulting services for all your honing needs in our
plant or on site.
10

1.2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

Usually most of industries use hydraulic mechanism in horizontal type
honing machine but we would like to replace this by servo mechanism. For this we
use servomotor that uses position feedback to control the motion and final position
of the output shaft and also increase the speed of machining.
In below figure, the plunger is moved towards right side through the
piston- cylinder hydraulic mechanism at that time the two shoes moves towards
outside so that cutting stone is also move outside because cutting stone is fixed on
the two shoes so that super finishing action is starting for this purpose we replace
piston cylinder hydraulic mechanism by servomechanism so that Increasing the
efficiency of horizontal honing machine.
Servomechanism is a one type of ball screw and ball nut type mechanism
in which ball nut is fixed and ball screw is moved forward and backward through
servomotor.

Fig- 1.2.1 Honing Mechanism

11

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

The main objectives of our effort are:
To ensure high grade of surface finish by reducing uneven honing at the
edges.
To eliminate human errors by making the use of servo motor which
continuously checks the status of the process and takes the action
accordingly.
To ensure process cleanliness and favourable working environment.
To reduce process timing and increase productivity of machine.
To ensure safety of workers.
1.4 ADVANTAGES
The work piece need not be rotated by power, there are no chucks,
faceplates, or rotating tables needed, so there are no chucking or locating errors.
The hone is driven from a central shaft, so bending of the shaft cannot cause
tapered holes as it does when boring. The result is a truly round hole, with no taper
or high or low spots, provided that the previous operations left enough stock so that
the hone can clean up all the irregularities.
Honing uses a large contact area at slow speed compared with grinding
or fine boring, which use a small contact area at high speed. Because of the
combined rotating and reciprocating motion used, a crosshatched pattern is created
which is excellent for holding lubrication. Diameters with 0.001 to 0.0001 inch and
closer accuracies can be honed by using diamond stones similar to diamond
wheels.
Increases surface finish grade at the edges.
Increases the dimensional accuracy.
Eliminates uneven surface finishing.
Relatively higher productivity as compared to lapping.
Reduces noises of operating hone tool.

12

 Reduces maintenance upto a great extent.Size of the machine reduces

upto a great extent.
Quick material removal with adherence to tight dimensional tolerances
Selectively realizable surface finish with high contact area Bore forms
In addition to simple through bores, special tools can be used to machine
blind holes. Large surface tools can be used to hone without a high cost
bores with openings, grooves and wedge profiles.
It is possible to correct the following bore ERRORS

Curvature

Conicity

lack of
roundness
Fig- 1.4 Surface uneveness
barrel form

waviness

taper

1.5 LIMITATION
All materials can be honed. However, the material removal rate is affected by the
hardness of the work material, the typical rates are
(i)soft material-1.5 mm/min on diameter
(ii)hard material-0.30 mm/min on diameter
The maximum bore size that can be conveniently honed is about 1500mm while
the minimum size is 1.5 mm in diameter. The honing allowance should be small to
be economical however, the amount also depends upon the previous error to be
corrected. The abrasive and grain size to be selected depend upon the work
material and the resultant finish desired.

13

1.6 APPLICATION OF HONING MACHINE

Honing of long pipes used for transporting fluid upto a long distance.
Honing of automobile pistons and cylinders.
Horizontal Honing machine is recommended for finishing internal surface of
long gun barrels.
Other major applications honing machine are finishing of break drum,
bearing component, pistons and piston rods, pins, axles, shafts, clutch plates.

14

CHAPTER 2:

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 PATENTS REFERED
Honing tool
US 4566229 A
ABSTRACT
A tool for honing an axially facing annular surface surrounding an elongated shaft
includes an annulus which is placed around the shaft and supports honing stones
which are engage able with the sealing surface. Rods rigid with the annulus extend
longitudinally from the back of the surface and the outer ends of the rods extend
beyond the end of the shaft and are rigidly connected to a plate. The latter is
adapted to be turned by power about the longitudinal axis of the tool so that the
annulus is rotated about this axis and the honing stones polish the sealing surface.
Radially adjustable fingers project out beyond the periphery of the annulus and
engage a cylindrical wall surrounding the sealing surface to maintain the annulus
centered with the sealing surface.

15

16

Combination horizontal/vertical honing machine

US 4621455 A
ABSTRACT
A honing machine having capability to hone surfaces at different angular
orientations using rocking motion to produce the stroking when honing in one
orientation and linear motion to produce the stroking when honing in a different
angular orientation, including a support structure mounted for linear movement on
a rail and an arm assembly extending from the support structure, the arm assembly
being pivotal on the support structure to produce the rocking motion in the one
orientation of the support structure, the arm assembly moving with the support
structure in the other angular orientation thereof to produce the linear movement
thereof. The machine also includes latch device to maintain the support structure in
the one orientation thereof. The latch device includes a mechanism to control the
limits of stroking in the one orientation, and it includes apparatus to counterbalance
the arm assembly. The latch device operates to deactivate the counterbalance
apparatus when the support structure is moved to its other orientation.

17

18

Honing machine
US 3849940 A
ABSTRACT
A honing machine having a honing stone movable radially inwardly and outwardly
of a rotary shaft, in which constant pressure advance means and constant speed
advance means are provided for feeding said honing stone radially outwardly of
the rotary shaft and, in the honing operation, both of said means are actuated
concurrently and one of them which is higher in advance rate is automatically
selectively used for advancing the honing stone.

19

20

Honing machine
US 4189871 A
ABSTRACT
A "beam stroker" type of honing machine which can, at the operator's option, be
power stroked by means of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder or manually
stroked. Both travel limits can be varied by the operator. A hydraulic double-acting
cylinder system functions to limit the stroking speed and has a needle valve
adjustment to vary the speed.

21

22

US 4816731 A
ABSTRACT
A honing machine in which a micro-processor controls reciprocation with respect
to a work-piece of a spindle which carries honing stones, the micro-processor
being associated with a memory unit which holds an acceleration profile in terms
of position/time and being programmed to control reciprocation in accordance with
the required acceleration characteristics. Variable stroke parameters and required
mid-stroke speed are input from a console and the system ensures symmetrical
honing under controlled acceleration regardless of any conflict between selected
stroke length and mid-stroke speed.

23

24

3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF HONING ASSEMBLY

Honing Machine

Frame

Hone

Job

Hone

assembly

Drive

Clamping

Reciprocating

PLC&

Coolant

Electronics

Assembly

25

1. Frame Assembly
Main Frame: it is the outer case in which all components are placed.
2. Hone Drive
Gear Box: required to transmit Torque and Speed according to user
requirement
Motor: its the part that provide torque and power
Pulley Drive: required to achieve actual reduction
Ac Frequency Drive: required to vary speed and torque by varying
motor input frequency and voltage
3. Hone Reciprocating
Chain Conveyer: Required to provide motion to hone head
Gear Box: required to transmit Torque and Speed according to user
requirement
Drive Assembly: it is the total assembly containing Gear box, Motor,
Chain, sprocket
4. Job Clamping
Frame: it is the outer casing of various clamp drives
V-clamp: it is used to clamp any irregular section job
Chain Clamp: used to clamp the workpiece
5. Coolant Assembly
Coolant Tank: Reservoir having coolant
Pump: Required to pump the coolant to the target
Piping: that connect the coolant reservoir to the target
6. PLC & Electronics
Servo Motor& Drive: It has feed back circuit that helps to track the
position of machine tool etc..
PLC-HMI: it is required to program the whole unit

26

3.2 ASSEMBLY DESIGN

Fig-3.2.1 Gear box Assembly

27

Fig-3.2.2 Chain assembly

3.3 Calculation
1. Calculation For Motor selection

As we know that our motor is having

Power=P=7.5hp
Rpm=1500
But we are require 120rpm at the Spindle so we are selecting a gear box having
Gear Ratio=i
=1500/120
i =12.5

28

now we will select the Standard Helical Gear Box from the Catalog which is
having gear ratio near about 12.5

Fig-3.3.1 Gear box catalogue

here we can select F720 or F820 Gear box having following specification:
Specification of F720:

Specification of F820 :

Now as per our requirement our output shaft should be having Diameter above
60mm.
29

But F720 gear box having output shaft Diameter is 50mm whereas F820 is having
64.5mm.
So we have selected F820 Gear box.
Comparison of Dimension can be made from catalog shown below:

Fig-3.3.2 Gear box catalogue

So we conclude that we are going to select Gear Box F820, Having Gear Ratio=
i=11.52
2. Selection Of Timing Belt & Pulley Drive
On selecting gear box we have got the gear ratio is =11.52. but as our design
requirement it should be 12.5 so we have to use reduction drive. Now from all
drive available we will go for timing belt and pulley drive because it is having
following advantages:

30

 Less noise
Better power transmission efficiency
Ability to transmit power without slip
Now in our design as shown we are going to arrange that between the motor
output shaft and Gear Box input shaft. Now if we want spindle speed 120 RPM ,
the input speed can be found as following:
Gear box Gear ratio
11.52=
X = 1382RPM = Speed of shaft of gear box
So now motor shaft pulley is our Driving Pulley and input of gear box is our
Driven Pulley.
Now we are using timing belt for drive so we have to calculate pulley teeth.
So designations
Reduction Ratio= i
N1=RPM of Driving pulley=1500
T1=no of teeth on Driving Pulley=50
N2=RPM of Driven Pulley=1382
T2=no of teeth on Driven Pulley
Now equation is as followed:

i=
T2=55

31

Selection for Timing Belt

As the main factor in selection of belt is ,Width of belt
That could be found as following:
Fu=effective pull to be transmitted
m =module of timing pulley = 8(standard available)
D = diameter of pulley(PCD)
T =No of teeth on Pulley= 50
V= linear velocity
P= Power to be transmitted =5.6kw
N=RPM of motor
Now,
For module m
8*50= *D
D=127.38mm
Now linear velocity V= *D*N
V= *127.38*1500
V=9.99=100m/s
now effective pull Fu=
Fu=560N
Thus from above value of Fu we will select the belt from the catalog and that is
HTD8M as shown bellow

32

Fig-3.3.3 Belt catalogue

Now from this catalog we can say Width of belt selected is 20mm thick
33

Calculation For Hone reciprocating assembly

Gear box selection and chain sprocket calculation
The main purpose of selection for this gear box is to reciprocate the Hone Hade
Assembly, so we need to calculate total load to pull
Here we calculate the load from standard data and that is :500kg
(This load contains weight of gear box ,motor ,mounting plate)
As shown in figure

Load =500kg
Torque=Force*Radius
So we have to find the Diameter of the Chain
Sprocket :
Assume pitch(p)= 1inch
Teeth(Z) =25
Sprocket PCD=d=

=202mm

So Torque=(500*0.202)/2
=50kgcm =500Nm
Linear Velocity= *d*N
In our specification we have mention that linear velocity is 25m/min
25= *0.202*N
N=40 RPM
Now we have to find the Gear Box Reduction ratio, i
34

Motor RPM=1500(as per standard data)

Now power required = P=

=(2 *40*50)/4500
=3Hp*1.25

(1.25=FOS)
=4Hp=3KW

so now from catalog we select the Gear Box having reduction ratio M720 which
has i=35.17 and output rpm is 40

Fig-3.3.4 Gear box catalogue

35

Fig-3.3.5 Gear box catalogue

Here our selected gear ratio is near to our requirement so and with help of this
gear ratio we get the linear speed 27RPM so that could be step down to 25RPM
using AC Frequency Drive

36

3.4 Procedure of Honing machine:

Firstly the user inputs the program to the PLC, which will actuate the motor
to run the hone head driving mechanism. The motor will then provide power
to the gear box input shaft through pulley and timing belt reduction.
The gear box output shaft will transfer proper torque and power to the
spindle carrying hone tool. The rotational speed can be varied by using AC
frequency drive.
Simultaneously PLC will also actuate hone reciprocating motor. This motor
will transfer torque to the gear box input shaft through pulley and timing belt
reduction. The output shaft of gear box will transfer this torque and power to
the sprocket of the chain drive mechanism. Thus chain will convert rotating
motion into the linear motion of the entire hone head.
Now honing tool feed will be given with the help of ball screw ball nut
mechanism driven by servo motor. This will actuate the radial motion of
hone tool inside the workpiece.

Fig-3.4 Honing Procedure

37

Chapter 4:

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT
1.

Observation

of

existing

horizontal

honing

machine:

First we observed the routine available machine in industry then after we had a
brief knowledge about particular device from our guide.
2. List down the problems regarding to machine: By observing and analyzing
the information about the machine we listed out all the problems. So that after
listing out problems we got some idea how to solve it to make it better.
3. Finding Optimal Solution: After finding the problem in existing machine we
put our mind to solve it by critical thinking and using engineering concept. We also
tried to make it cost effective, size reduction, etc.
4. Calculations: Then we did the calculation of various assembly parts and
different drives required for the operation of the machine.
5. Analysis and Discussion: Then we analyzed and discussed the optimal solution
with our project guide. Various possible outcomes were been discussed
thoroughly.
6. Selection of best solution: After a thorough discussion we came to a best
solution which will really increase the efficiency of honing machine.
7. Preparation of Final Report: On each and every stage of our project we made
some suitable notes which are helpful to make our final project report.

38

Fig-4.1 Actual Machine

39

Fig-4.2 Actual Machine

40

CHAPTER 5:

COMPARISON OF SERVO MECHANISM OVER

HYDRAULIC MECHANISM

1. Bursting of oil lines and tool failure

Using hydraulic the main problem we found is bursting of pipe due to sudden
increase in feed rate due to which back pressure in hydraulic pipe generates due to
which failure in pipe occur and that is the serious problem as the part cost of
machine and maintenance of machine increases.
Due to failure of hydraulic pipe tool wear and tool failure and tool wear is also
occur.

Fig-5.1 Bursted Pipelines

2. Improper surface finishing at the extreme ends
In hydraulic machine, the movement of hone-head is controlled by hydraulic
system . In which the forward and reverse stroke is not sudden there is some time
lag between that stroke due to which tool is rotating at the ends.

41

So surface finish at the ends is more than the center portion .So improper finishing
is detected .This is due to variation of force occurring in cylinder as shown in
figure:

Fig-5.2 Rough Finish

3. Using hydraulics, process becomes more clumsy
We know that hydraulic system uses oil having higher density & viscosity and due
to which as the time passes more clumsy it becomes so proper cleaning is required
and some time because of this dirt we need to change oil and maintenance cost is
increasing. If there proper sealing is not provided that causes oil spray and that also
increases clumsiness

Fig-5.3 Oil Leakage

42

4. Using hydraulic manual honing machine, machining timing is also

increased &human errors increases
5. Using manual honing machine in which tool feed and stroke length has to be
set by operator manually and there is a risk of human error and also
increases machining timing.

CHAPTER 6:

EXPECTED OUTCOME
- Surface finish of very high grade can be obtained at very less time:
In servomechanism forward and reverse stroke are sudden
and there is no time lag between that strokes so that proper finishing is
achieved.
- Maintenance cost is reduced:
There is no requirement of oil in servomechanism so system
remains less clumsy.
- Tool life increases:
Back pressure is reduced due to servomechanism so wear
and tear is reduced and tool life increase.
- Decrease overall machining time:
Servomechanism is faster than hydraulics. There is no time
lag between two stroke. Starting and completion of time is less
- Safety of workers is assured.

43

CHAPTER 7:

CONCLUSION
We finally conclude that our effort of implementing this new technology will help
to increase the productivity as well as the high grade surface polishing.
Also it will reduce human intervention due to the automatic operation of
servomotor operated by PLC.

44

CHAPTER 8:

REFERENCES
8.1 FIGURE REFERENCES
8.2 SITE REFERENCES
8.1 FIGURE REFERENCE
1.2.1

Honing mechanism

www.encyclopedia.com

1.4

Surface uneveness

www.googlepatent.com

3.1 & 3.2

Assembly Design

AutoCad

3.3.1

to Gear & Belt Catalogue

www.pbl.co.in

3.3.5
3.4

Honing Procedure

www.encyclopedia.com

4.1 & 4.2

Actual Machine

Industry

5.1

Bursted Pipeline

www.encyclopedia.com

5.2

Rough Finishing

www.encyclopedia.com

5.3

Oil Leakage

www.encyclopedia.com

8.2 SITE REFERENCES

www.wikipedia.org
www.pbl.in
www.googlepatent.com
www.engis.com
www.honingmachines.net
www.sunnen.com

45