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Reactance
values shown are in per unit.
Figure 1
1
Z bus = j 1 [0.2]
p = 0; q = 1
1
Z bus = j 1
2
p = 0; q = 2
0.2 0
0 0.3
p = 1; q = 2
Eliminating the l th bus
1
Z bus = j
1
2
l
0
0.2
0.2
0
0.3 0.3 ;
0.2 0.3
1
1
2
3
2
1
3
0.16 0.06 0.16
0.06 0.21 0.06
p = 1; q = 3
Z bus = j
Z bus = j
2
1
1 0.16 0.06
2 0.06 0.21
2. The per unit bus impedance matrix for the power system in Figure 2 is given below :
Figure 2
1
1
2
3
Z bus = j
A three-phase fault occurs at bus 3 through a fault impedance of Zf = j0.19 per unit.
Using the bus impedance matrix calculate the fault current, bus voltages, and line
currents during fault.
1
= j2.5 p.u.
j0.21 + j0.19
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j2.5 p.u.
I 3( F ) =
V1 ( F ) = 1.0
V2 ( F ) = 1.0
V3 ( F ) =
Z13
Z 33 + ZF
Z23
Z 33 + ZF
= 1.0
0.03
= 0.925 p.u.
0.21 + 0.19
= 1.0
0.03
= 0.925 p.u.
0.21 + 0.19
ZF
0.19
=
= 0.475 p.u.
Z 3 3 + Z F 0.21 + 0.19
I 12 =
0.925 0.925
= 0 p.u.
j0.75
I 13 =
0.925 0.475
= j1.5 p.u.
j0.3
I 23 =
0.925 0.475
= j1.0 p.u.
j0.45
3. The per unit bus impedance matrix for the power system in Figure 3 is given below :
Figure 3
1
Z bus = j
1
2
3
4
0.240 0.140
0.140 0.2275
0.200 0.175
0.200 0.1750
0.200 0.200
0.175 0.175
0.310 0.310
0.310 0.500
(a) A bolted three-phase fault occurs at bus 4. Using the bus impedance matrix
calculate the fault current, bus voltages, and line currents during fault.
(b) Repeat (a) for three-phase fault at bus 2 with fault impedance of Zf = j0.0225 per
unit.
(a)
1
= j2 p.u.
j0.5
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j2 p.u.
I 4( F ) =
V1 ( F ) = 1.0
V2 ( F )
V3 ( F )
V4 ( F )
Z14
= 1.0
0.2
= 0.6 p.u.
0.5
Z 44
Z
0.175
= 1.0 24 = 1.0
= 0.65 p.u.
Z 44
0.5
Z
0.31
= 1.0 34 = 1.0
= 0.38 p.u.
Z 44
0.5
Z
0
= F =
= 0 p.u.
Z 44 0.5
I 21 =
0.65 0.6
= j0.1 p.u.
j0.5
I 13 =
0.6 0.38
= j1.1 p.u.
j0.2
I 23 =
0.65 0.38
= j0.9 p.u.
j0.3
I 34 =
0.38 0
= j2 p.u.
j0.19
(b)
1
= j4 p.u.
j0.2275 + j0.0225
I F = I 3 ( F ) = j4 p.u.
I 2( F ) =
V1 ( F ) = 1.0
Z 12
0.14
= 1.0
= 0.44 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225
ZF
0.0225
=
= 0.09 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F 0.2275 + 0.0225
Z 32
0.175
= 1.0
= 1.0
= 0.3 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225
Z 42
0.175
= 1.0
= 1.0
= 0.3 p.u.
Z 22 + Z F
0.2275 + 0.0225
V2 ( F ) =
V3 ( F )
V4 ( F )
I 12 =
0.44 0.09
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.5
I 13 =
0.44 0.3
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.2
I 32 =
0.3 0.09
= j0.7 p.u.
j0.3
I 34 =
0.3 0.3
= 0 p.u.
j0.19