National 3

Controls and Effects

Delay
The original audio signal is followed closely by a delayed
repeat (just like an echo). The delay time can be as short as
a few milliseconds or as long as several seconds. A delay
effect can include a single echo or multiple echoes,

National 3
Controls and Effects

EQ
(Equalisatio
n)
Equalization means boosting or reducing the levels of
various frequencies in a signal. At its most basic
equalization can mean turning the bass/treble controls up
or down.
Advanced equalizers have fine controls for specific

National 3
Controls and Effects

Gain/Tri
m
The gain is the volume/amplification level of an audio or
video signal.

National 3
Controls and Effects

Mono (monophonic)
Monophonic recordings use a single channel of audio for
sound output. the signal sent to the sound system encodes
one single stream of sound and it usually uses just
one speaker. Monophonic sound is the most basic format
of sound output.

National 3
Controls and Effects

panning
Panning simply means whether the audio sounds like it's
coming from the left or the right. Panning is the spread of
a sound signal into a new stereo or multi-channel sound
field.

National 3
Controls and Effects
It is possible to play back a recording
using the transport window:

playbac
k
The act or process of replaying a newly made audio or
video recording.

National 3
Controls and Effects

record
To record is to capture sounds and visual images.

National 3
Controls and Effects

Reverb
(reverberation)
Reverb is short for reverberation, the effect of many sound
reflections occurring in a very short space of time. Reverb
effects can be used to restore the natural ambience to a
sound or to give it more fullness and body.

National 3
Controls and Effects

Time
domain

By default, audio tracks are set to Waveform view where

track material is graphically drawn with amplitude
waveforms (a time-domain representation of sound). This
Track View provides the necessary detail for important
region edits.

National 3
Controls and Effects

Stereo
(stereophonic)
stereophonic sound divides sounds across two channels.
The recorded sounds are mixed so that some elements are
channeled to the left and others to the right.

National 3
Processes

Backup
Copy

A backup copy is a copy of the file which is saved and stored

separately from the original file. A backup copy may be
stored on a CD or USB.

National 3
Processes

format
The format of a file is how it is saved. For example: as a
protools session (PTF); a windows audio file (WAV); as an
image etc

National 3
Processes

Mix/mixin
g/
balance

The balance in the music concerns how loud the different

instruments are when heard alongside one another.

National 3
Processes

normalisi
ng

Audio normalization is the application of a constant

amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the average
or peak amplitude to a target level (the norm).

National 3
Processes

sampling
In music, sampling is the act of taking a sample of
one sound recording and reusing it in a different recording.

National 3
Processes

save
Saving your work is crucial. You should always save your
work regularly not just at the end of a session.

National 3
Processes

Audio/stereo
master

The audio master is the original copy of a recording or edit.

Copies of the files are then made from the master.

National 3
Processes

USB
(port)

Abbreviated as USB, Universal Serial Bus is a standard type

of connection for many different kinds of devices.
Generally, USB refers to the types of cables and connectors
used to connect these many types of external devices to
computers.