Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Masurarea si identificarea
imbolnavirilor la nivel
populational.
Screeningul
Curs 3
studenti - Medicin general-anul V
2013
MORBIDITATEA
nregistrarea morbiditii este puternic influenat de:
MORBIDITATEA
Clasic sunt descrise urmtoarele tipuri de morbiditate:
Real totalitatea cazurilor de boal existente la nivelul unei
comuniti
Diagnosticabil cazurile diagnosticabile cu probele care
exist n prezent
Auto-perceput (resimit) reflect starea de sntate
perceput de individ.
Obiectiv este cea msurabila prin anchete epidemiologice
sistematice utiliznd instrumente de msur standardizate
De multe ori, la nivelul individului sunt posibile asocieri de mai
multe boli, fenomen numit comorbiditate.
vindecare,
cronicizare,
complicaii (incapacitate, handicap, etc.),
deces
Catedra de Sanatate Publica si Management,
UMF "Carol Davila" Bucureti
Tipuri de morbiditate
MORBIDITATE REALA
MORBIDITATE
DIAGNOSTICABILA
MORBIDITATE
DIAGNOSTICATA
In functie de debut
In functie de gravitate
Mb cu ITM
Mb cu invaliditate
Mb spitalizata
M pe cauze medicale (cazul de imbolnavire det decesul)
PREVALENA MORBIDITII
Masurarea incidentei
Rata de inciden
Densitatea incidentei
Supravieuirii
Poverii bolilor
Prevalenta - msurare
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1970
2001
1500
2011
1000
500
0
A. Studiile de prevalenta I
Tipuri:
A.Studii de prevalenta
B. Screening
15
A. Studiile de prevalenta II
16
administrativ, de planificare;
Scop
sa determine prezenta bolii, a incapacitatii sau a unor
caracteristici personale;
sa produca indicatori de masurare ai starii de sanatate a
populatiei;
sa permita cunoasterea distributiei unor factori de risc in
populatia examinata, concomitent prezentei sau asociati bolii
Domenii de aplicare
diagnosticul starii de sanatate a populatiei;
stabilirea unor prioritati in actiunile de interventie;
in programare si planificare sanitara;
evaluarea unor actiuni;
in determinarea prezentei asociatiilor epidemiologice
Catedra de Sanatate Publica si
Management, UMF "Carol Davila" Bucureti
14
17
18
B.SCREENINGUL
19
20
Scopurile screeningului
21
22
Test S
+
(pb. B)
Faza
dg
Populatie
tinta
Faza
terap
(pb. NB)
23
24
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
25
Masurarea validitatii
Total
+
RP
FP
FN
RN
NB
Total
Sb
Rez.
probei
de S
Total
Total
27
Validitate- sensibilitatea
Boala
RP
B
RP
FP
FN
RN
NB
Sp
x100
Boala
28
Validitate- specificitatea
26
Validitatea
Boala
Rezultatul
probei de
screening
s nu fac ru;
s poat fi aplicate rapid;
s aib cost redus;
s fie simple;
s fie acceptate de ctre populaie;
s aib o validitate corespunztoare;
s aib o reproductibilitate (fiabilitate) care s ofere
o consisten bun;
s aib randament mare;
s aib o valoare predictiv bun.
1.
29
Rezulta
tul
probei
de
screeni
ng
Total
Tot
al
RP
FP
FN
RN
NB
RN
NB
x100
Valoarea predictiva
VPR
Boala
Rez.
probei
de S
Total
Total
RP
FP
FN
RN
NB
Valoarea predictiva
VPR
x100
Boala
RP
Rez.
probei
de S
Total
RP
FP
FN
RN
NB
31
Reproductibilitatea probelor de
screening sau diagnostice
32
Rezult Rezultate
ate
observator
obser
II
vator I +
-
Total
a+b
c+d
Total
a+c
b+d
33
Reproductibilitate- concluzii
34
TIPURI DE SCREENING
SCREENING SELECTIV
Testele sunt utilizate pentru a detecta o boala specifica sau o
conditie predispozanta in randul persoanelor cunoscute ca fiind
cu risc crescut de a avea sau de a dezvolta boala respectiva.
Pentru a fi reproductibil:
Proba s fie standardizat
-Personalul s fie antrenat
-S se asigure controlul
Catedra de Sanatate Publica si Management,
UMF "Carol Davila" Bucureti
x100
Msurarea reproductibilitii
Total
RN
35
36
Screening Anglia
cancer de sin;
cancer de col;
ciroza hepatica;
cancer de colon si rect;
surditate;
glaucom;
HTA;
osteoporoza;
anemia prin singerare;
prezbitia;
sifilis;
cancer testicular;
TBC;
infectie urinara
Catedra de Sanatate Publica si Management,
UMF "Carol Davila" Bucureti
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IMPORTANTA BOLII
ISTORIA NATURALA A BOLII
EFICACITATEA TRATAMENTULUI PRECOCE
EXISTENTA SI ACCEPTABILITATEA TRATAMENTULUI
CARACTERISTICILE POPULATIEI IN CARE SE DORESTE
APLICAREA SCREENING-ULUI
COSTUL SCREENING-ULUI
40
INDICATORI DE PROCES
Numarul de persoane testate prin screening
Proportia de persoane din populatia tinta testata prin screening
Prevalenta detectata a bolii in stadiu preclinic
Costul total al programului
Costul pentru gasirea unui caz de boala anterior necunoscut
Proportia persoanelor cu rezultat pozitiv la testul de screening care
sunt diagnosticate si tratate
Valoarea predictiva a unui rezultat pozitiv in randul populatiei testate
prin screening
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2. INDICATORI DE EFECTE
Reducerea mortalitatii in randul populatiei testate prin screening
Reducerea ratei de fatalitate in randul indivizilor testati prin
screening
Cresterea procentului de cazuri detectate intr-un stadiu mai
precoce al bolii
Reducerea complicatiilor
Prevenirea sau reducerea recurentelor sau metastazelor
Imbunatatirea calitatii vietii persoanelor testate prin screening
42
Incidenta
cancerului de san, Europa
Female breast cancer incidence per 100000, Last available
Malta 2011
Denmark 2010
Netherlands 2010
Belgium 2010
Finland 2010
Germany 2008
Sweden 2010
France 2011
United Kingdom 2010
Hungary 2011
Switzerland 2009
Luxembourg 2009
Iceland 2009
Italy 2010
Austria 2010
Ireland 2011
Norway 2010
Israel 2010
Czech Republic 2009
Slovenia 2008
Latvia 2011
Cyprus 2008
Croatia 2010
Bulgaria 2011
Portugal 2005
Lithuania 2011
Slovakia 2007
Estonia 2008
Serbia 2010
Poland 2010
Russian Federation 2010
Belarus 2011
Armenia 2011
Ukraine 2011
TFYR Macedonia 2007
SDR, malignant neoplasm female breast, all ages per 100000, Last available
Armenia 2009
Serbia 2011
Belgium 2009
TFYR Macedonia 2010
Denmark 2011
Netherlands 2011
Ireland 2010
Malta 2011
Hungary 2011
Israel 2010
Slovenia 2010
Croatia 2011
United Kingdom 2010
Germany 2011
France 2009
Latvia 2010
Russian Federation 2010
Ukraine 2011
Luxembourg 2011
Republic of Moldova 2012
EU members before May 2004 2011
Eur-A 2011
Lithuania 2010
Switzerland 2010
EU 2011
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Bulgaria
Slovakia
European Region
EU members since May 2004
2011
2010
2011
2011
2010
2011
2011
Romania2010
Czech Republic 2011
Eur-B+C 2010
Austria 2011
CIS 2010
Montenegro 2009
Poland 2011
Kazakhstan 2010
Iceland 2009
Greece 2011
Finland 2011
Sweden 2010
Portugal 2011
Belarus 2009
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011
Norway 2011
Spain 2011
San Marino 2005
CARK 2005
Kyrgyzstan 2010
Uzbekistan 2005
Albania 2004
Azerbaijan 2007
Georgia 2010
Tajikistan 2005
Romania2010
Republic of Moldova 2011
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011
Kazakhstan 2011
Turkey 2008
Georgia 2011
Azerbaijan 2012
Kyrgyzstan 2011
Albania 2010
Uzbekistan 2011
Turkmenistan 2010
Tajikistan 2006
San Marino 2011
50
100
150
200
20
30
40
IncidentaCervix
cancerului
de col uterin, Europa
uteri cancer incidence per 100000, Last available
Romania2010
Bulgaria 2011
Estonia 2008
Serbia 2010
Lithuania 2011
Latvia 2011
Slovakia 2007
Hungary 2011
TFYR Macedonia 2007
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011
Ukraine 2011
Czech Republic 2009
Russian Federation 2010
Belarus 2011
Republic of Moldova 2011
Armenia 2011
Kazakhstan 2011
Poland 2010
Kyrgyzstan 2011
Croatia 2010
Ireland 2011
Norway 2010
Denmark 2010
Slovenia 2008
Germany 2008
Italy 2002
Portugal 2005
Belgium 2010
Iceland 2009
Turkmenistan 2010
Georgia 2011
Sweden 2010
United Kingdom 2010
Austria 2010
Netherlands 2010
Uzbekistan 2011
France 2011
Malta 2011
Luxembourg 2009
Azerbaijan 2012
Switzerland 2009
Israel 2010
Tajikistan 2006
Cyprus 2008
Albania 2010
Finland 2010
Turkey 2008
San Marino 2011
SDR, cancer of the cervix, all ages, per 100000, Last available
Romania2010
Kyrgyzstan 2010
San Marino 2000
Lithuania 2010
Latvia 2010
Serbia 2011
Kazakhstan 2010
EU members since May 2004 2011
Republic of Moldova 2012
Estonia 2011
Bulgaria 2011
Ukraine 2011
Eur-B+C 2010
Russian Federation 2010
Poland 2011
CIS 2010
Slovakia 2010
CARK 2005
Hungary 2011
Uzbekistan 2005
Belarus 2009
Czech Republic 2011
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011
European Region 2011
Ireland 2010
Armenia 2009
Montenegro 2009
Croatia 2011
EU 2011
10
15
20
25
30
Portugal 2011
Slovenia 2010
Tajikistan 2005
TFYR Macedonia 2010
Belgium 2009
Germany 2011
Austria 2011
United Kingdom 2010
Georgia 2010
Spain 2011
Eur-A 2011
Azerbaijan 2007
EU members before May 2004 2011
Norway 2011
Sweden 2010
Luxembourg 2011
Israel 2010
Greece 2011
Denmark 2011
France 2009
Malta 2011
Netherlands 2011
Albania 2004
Cyprus 2011
Iceland 2009
Finland 2011
Switzerland 2010
Italy 2010
46
Romania2010
Lithuania 2010
San Marino 2000
Latvia 2010
Kyrgyzstan 2010
Serbia 2011
Kazakhstan 2010
Bulgaria 2011
Ukraine 2011
EU members since May 2004 2011
Republic of Moldova 2012
Eur-B+C 2010
Russian Federation 2010
CIS 2010
Estonia 2011
Poland 2011
Slovakia 2010
CARK 2005
Hungary 2011
Uzbekistan 2005
Belarus 2009
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011
European Region2011
Czech Republic 2011
Ireland 2010
Tajikistan 2005
Croatia 2011
Armenia 2009
EU 2011
Turkmenistan 1998
Montenegro 2009
Portugal 2011
Slovenia 2010
Luxembourg 2011
Georgia 2010
Belgium 2009
Germany 2011
Malta 2011
Azerbaijan 2007
Austria 2011
United Kingdom 2010
Spain 2011
TFYR Macedonia 2010
Eur-A 2011
EU members before May 2004 2011
Norway 2011
Greece 2011
France 2009
Sweden 2010
Denmark 2011
Albania 2004
Israel 2010
Netherlands 2011
Cyprus 2011
Switzerland 2010
Finland 2011
Iceland 2009
Italy 2010
0
47
10
15