Math Notes:

Why Things Are the Way They Are

Days of the Week:
Sunday- named after the sun
Monday- named after the moon
Tuesday- Germanic God (Tu)
Wednesday- Germanic God (Woden) God of Sky
Thursday- Thor
Friday- Frigg
Saturday- Roman God Saturn
Months
January- from God Janus (God of beginnings and endings)
February- Februs (god of parties and good time)
March-(Where Roman calendar started) Roman God Mars
April- Latin number 2
May- Maia (goddess of the earth)
June- Juno (goddess of happiness/marriage)
Quintilla-July- named after Julius Caesar
Sextilla-August- named after Augustus
September- Sept means 7
October- Oct means 8
November- Nove means 9
December- Dec means 10
The Clock
Our clock goes back 4,000 years. Came from joints in our hands. Stone hedge is a calendar.
Equinox March 20 and September 22.

Dot Card Activities

Look for Patterns
1. Just show the card (look for patterns)
2. Part part whole (addition)
Dot Cards
1. Hold dot card, class holds up number card
2. Find same amount but different pattern
3. Finger knowship/bunny ears holds up number of fingers on dot card above their
heads
4. Hold up dot card and ask what is one more or one less
5. Finding doubles of dot cards
6. Hold up 2 dot cads point thumb to larger or smaller one.
7. Use a whiteboard draw or write number
8. Just hold up fingers to show amount
9. Odds and evens
Stages of Counting
Reciter: the child verbally counts using number words, but not always in the right order.
Corresponder: The child makes a one to one correspondence with numbers and objects.
Counter: The child can count objects in organized display= in a line.
Producer: Students can count out objects to a certain number.
Counter and Producer= can count and put into groups.
Counter Backwards: student can count backwards by taking objects away, like a
countdown.
Skip Counter: Child skips when they count.

Musts for Manipulative

1) Talk about what they are and why we use them
2) Valuable teaching tools
3) Explain what they can or cant do with the manipulative
4) Have them in bags or containers
5) Tell them the ground rules
6) Know where to store and label materials
7) Lets students explore with the manipulative
8) Have posters around the room describing manipulative so they know what they
are.
9) Manipulative are a natural for writing assignments
10) Let parents get their hands on materials too. Have students show how to use their
materials
11)Parents are wonderful resources
12)Make sure to clean what you have.
Subatizing
1. Flip the number card put manipulative in cup. Roll die put manipulative in cup. Then
decide how many manipulatives are in cup
2. Person flips number card and puts beans in cup. Another person rlls die and puts
beans on the side of the cup
3. Get dot cards, pick a number and have. ?
Mingle Game: Have kids walk around the classroom saying mingle. Have in groups of a
number (ex: 6). Then have them add
o 6+6+6=18
o 2 left over

o 18+2= 20 students
Next round have the 2 leftovers do something special thing, like have students quack like a
duck as they are searching for their groups.
Double Ten Frame: Put beans in double ten frame and make a number sentence from it:

Number sentence: 10 + 2 = 12
Number Bingo: Have kids write the numbers, then call the numbers or use 5+4 then they
have to use addition to get the answer. Can be used with subtraction, multiplication, and
division.
FRAYER (use in any grade)

Definition

Characteristics

3 sided shape
Interioir angels of 180 degress

Two-dimensionable
3 sides straight

Triangle
Examples

Non- Examples

Definition

Characteristics
Main Idea

Examples

Non- Examples

Review of Chapter 8
1. Dot card trains
2. Show dot card
3. Show dot card
4. Show dot card
5. Show cot card
6. Near number flash
7. Make near numbers
8. Same but different
9. More or less
10. Odd or Even
11. Doubles
Domino Patterns and Activities
1. Fill the tower
2. Number tubs
3. Find and Press (calculator)
4. Up and back counting
5. Mingle Activity
6. Counting on with counters
7. Real Counting on
8. Sets of more/less/some
9. Find the same amount
10. More less same
11. Make a two more set

12. A calculator two more machine

13. Five frame tell about
14. Crazy mixed up numbers
15. Ten frame flash
16. Build it in parts
Word Problems

Start with word problems:

o When writing word problems think of a good context which students
can relate

Use names of students in your classroom

Problems involving games the students play or events that take place at the
school or community

Use the names of local shopping store in the community for shopping
problems.

Use humor: cartoons, aliens, the monster in the closet

Problems can involve local sports teams and events

Use popular movies, people, songs, and TV shows

Read the problem aloud as well as written

Join

Change

Result

Start
Semantic Equations: Writing the numbers
in the equation in the order that follows
meaning (as it was written).
Separate

Change

Result

Start

Classes with Special Needs

1. Centralize attention
2. ?
3. Smooth transitions
4. Find ways to help students remember
5. Provide vocabulary and concept support
6. Use friendly numbers $6.27 vs. $6.00
7. Vary the task size: fewer problems
8. Adjust the visual display
9. Remember the time frame
10. Ask the students to share their thinking
11. Emphasize connections
12. Adapt delivery modes
13. Emphasize relevant points
14. Utilize methods for organizing written work
15. Provide examples and non-examples
16. Propose alternative products
17. Encourage self-monitoring and self assessment
18. Consider feedback charts

Bar Diagrams

9
Susie has 4 dogs, Jerry gave her some more dogs. Nos, Susie has 9 dogs. How
many dogs did Jerry give Susie?

11
Holly has 3 cakes, she gave 3 cakes to Stef. Stef has 11 cakes now. How many
cakes did Stef have before Holly gave her 3 cakes?
11 pizzas 4 boxes
Combinations: 4 shirts and 3 pants. How many outfits are there?

Distributive Property with Addition

(6x8) (2x3) x 8 2x8 + 4x8= 16+32= 48
(6x8)= (5+1) x (5+3)
5x5=25
+

5x3= 15
1x5=5
1x3=3
48

Associative Property of Addition

(4+5)+5=(5+5)+4
Commutative Property
9x4=4x9
Zero Property of Addition
7+0=7
Zero Property of Multiplication
7x0=0

Mastering the Facts

1) Memorization (Passive storage view) They dont know why they know the information
This can become inefficient and can lead to inappropriate application.
2) Strategy Instruction- 6+7 take the lower number and double it and add 1, thats a true
strategy.

3) Guided Invention- Collection of number and their relationships. There are many ways
like 6+7=12+1=13
(7+3) + 3 = 10+3=13
The key is they are using number combinations and each time they use a strategy they will
get faster.
Make sure students are interacting and understanding the whole time.
Two ways to teach strategies
1) Counting Strategies- Use object counting
2) Reasoning Strategy- use known information to locally determine an unknown
combination.

Addition Problems
Addition problems can be sometimes horizontal or vertical.
Adding zero- make sure they know adding zero means that the number doesnt change.
When adding they can use 5 as an anchor. 7+3=10 or 5+4=10.
Always go back to 5 and 10 frame because it makes it easier for kids to understand.
When adding make the story relatable so they can easily understand.

Multiplication Table
-Doubles
-Zeros
-Squares
- 5s and 10s
Show kids multiples of ten by using people and their hands.
4x5= 20 When you have even number split into half and then multiply and double.
Have the students look at patterns when looking at multiplication tables.

9x11=99
9x12=108
9x13=117
9x14=126
9x15=135
9x16=144
9x17=153
9x18=162
9x19=171
9x20=180
8x1=8
8x2=16
8x3=24
8x4=32
8x5=40
8x6=48
8x7=56
8x8=64
8x9=72
8x10=80
8x11=88
Fact Family
Fact Family 5+8=13
8+5=13
13-5=8
13-8=5
To practice this game play the card game Solute- Which is where there is a dealer and 2
people flipping cards on their heads and you have to guess what number is on your head
based off what the dealer had.

Also there is the bowling game that you can play. You have bowling pins that have numbers
and then you have 3 numbers that you can add, subtract, divide, and multiply in different
ways to get all the pins down.

Groups of 10s
Showing 3 different ways making groups of 10
- Number word
- Get this many
- Fill the tens
- Loop this many
- Show 58 3 different ways

Hundreds Chart
There are many activities that you can do with hundreds charts
Cover the numbers net to the number thats uncovered then ask
What is the number next to 36?
What is the number before?
What is the number on top and below?
Then have the hundreds chart missing numbers
Have students find patterns on the hundreds chart
Have the students use the worksheet to see what the numbers are after the do the
questions.
Hundreds chart you can always find the multiples of numbers.
You can see the common multiples.
You can find prime numbers/ Find Even numbers.
Place Value
Ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands.
4,763= 4000 thousand +700 hundred+ 60 tens+ 3 ones= 4,763
Activities to learn Place Value
- Cups
- The place slider
- The accordion

1)
2)
3)
4)

Place value blocks

What is the number?
Flexible Counting
Mega Penny Project

Direct Modeling use manipulative

Student Inventive Strategies are flexible options which makes the students make fewer
mistakes, less re-teaching, students develop number sense, mental computation, flexible
methods, and doing math.
Standard Algorithms better be able to explain why your teaching what you are teaching.
Strategies
1) Left handed addition
2) Complete Number strategy
3) Area strategy (Base ten grid paper)
4) Peasant Strategy
5) Lattice Strategy