LOGIKA PEMROGRAMAN KOMPUTER

TKM 1602 / 2 SKS / C

Muhammad Agung Bramantya, ST, MT, Meng, PhD.

Isi Kuliah 1:
1.
a.
b.
2.
a.
b.
c.

Penjelasan mata kuliah

Kurikulum
Kriteria penilaian
Pendahuluan
Pengantar logika pemrograman
Sejarah komputer
Arsitektur komputer

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Why programming?
Our civilization runs on software
Most engineering activities involve software

Note: most programs do not run on things that look

like a PC
a screen, a keyboard, a box under the table

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Ships

Design
Construction
Management

Monitoring
Engine
Hull design
Pumps
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Aircraft

Communication
Control
Display

Signal processing
Gadget control
Monitoring
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Phones

Voice quality
User interfaces
Billing
Mobility

Switching
Reliability
Provisioning
Images
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Energy

Control
Monitoring
Analysis
Design

Communications
Visualization
Manufacturing
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PC/workstation

Theres a lot more to computing than games, word

processing, browsing, and spreadsheets!

Stroustrup/Programming

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What is Computer Programming ?

Computer program

A sequence of instructions to be performed by a computer

Computer programming
The process of planning a sequence of steps for a computer to follow

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Programming Process1/3
Problem-solving phase
Analysis and specification ( understand and define problem, and what is
expected of solution)
General solution (algorithm: a logical sequence of steps that solves the
problem)
Verification (Follow steps to make sure solution solves the problem)
Implementation phase
Concrete solution (Program in a Programming language)
Testing (make sure the program produces the desired results)
Maintenance phase
Use Program
Maintain Program (meet changing requirements)

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Programming Process2/3
Analysis and
Specification

Concrete solution
(Program)

General solution
(algorithm)
Testing
Verification

Maintenance Phase

Documentation: writing program documentation, and user manuals

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Programming Process3/3
How about we take a shortcut and start the programming
process by the implementation phase?
Costly shortcut
Develop a general solution (algorithm) first

Think first and code later!

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What Does it Mean by Architecture??

The art or science or building...the art or practice of designing
and building structures...

Webster New College Dictionary

including plan, design, construction and decorative treatment...

American College Dictionary

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Computer Architecture
Computer architecture is the computer as seen by the user
- Amdhal et al, (64)

...by architecture, we mean the structure of the modules as they are

organized in a computer system...
- Stone, H. (1987)

The architecture of a computer is the interface between the machine

and the software
- Andris Padges (IBM 360/370 Architect)

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Computer Architecture & Organization

Architecture attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation,
I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques, etc.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization how features are implemented
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology, etc.
e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?

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Sejarah Komputer

Black Box !
communication links

Arsitektur Komputer

connected devices
Peripherals
keyboard

network

mouse
.

telephone .
cable .

wireless .

display

. disk / optical
computer

speakers
printer

other ?

other ?

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Function & Structure

We will look inside the black box (ITBB)!
peripherals and commn links are outside black box
Will construct various models of ITBB components:
Function the operation of individual
components as parts of the structure
Structure how components relate to each other

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Function

ALL computer functions are:

Data PROCESSING
Data STORAGE
Data MOVEMENT
CONTROL

NOTHING ELSE!

Data = Information

Coordinates How
Information is Used

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Functional view of Black Box

connections to
peripherals and
commn links

Operating Environment
source/sink for information

MOVEMENT
ITBB
CONTROL

STORAGE

PROCESSING

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Operations (1) Data movement

e.g. copy a file

between disks

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Operations (2) Storage

e.g. load a text file

for editing

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Operation (3) Processing from/to storage

e.g. compute an
intermediate result
from some operands
& save for later use

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Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O

e.g. compute and

display a result from
some operands

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Peripherals

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Structure - Top Level ITBB

Computer

Computer

Input
Output

Central
Processing
Unit

Systems
Interconnection
Communication
lines

Main
Memory

What about Function?

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Structure - The CPU

CPU
Computer

Arithmetic
and
Logic Unit

Registers

I/O
System
Bus

CPU

Memory

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Control
Unit

What about Function?

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Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit
CPU
ALU
Internal Control
Unit
Bus
Registers

Sequencing
Logic

Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

What about Function?

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Brief History of Computer Evolution

Two phases:
1. before VLSI 1945 1978

ENIAC
IAS
IBM
PDP-8

2. VLSI

VLSI = Very Large Scale

Integration

1978 present day

microprocessors !

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Speeding Up the Processor

Pipelining
On board cache
On board L1 & L2 cache
Branch prediction
Data flow analysis
Speculative execution

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But Performance Mismatch!

Processor speed increased

Memory capacity increased
Memory speed lags behind (and increasing
slower than) processor speed

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DRAM and Processor Characteristics

2007 Sept 06

SYSC 2001* - Fall 2007. SYSC2001-Ch1.ppt

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Some Solutions
Increase number of bits retrieved at one time
Make DRAM wider rather than deeper
Change DRAM interface
Cache
Reduce frequency of memory access
More complex cache, and cache on chip
Increase interconnection bandwidth
High speed buses
Hierarchy of buses

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Kuliah 2