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BETWEEN THE
WARS
Benito Mussolini
1919- organizes the Fascist
Party.
Supported by businessmen
who wanted a stop to the
peasant revolts.
1922- Fascist Party had
300,000 members.
October, 1922- leads a
march on Rome
King Victor Emmanuel III
Fascist Reforms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adolph Hitler
Highly critical of Weimar
Republic.
Joins Nazi Party during
WWI.
Quickly rises up in the
1923- attempts an
overthrow of Bavaria.
Fails Hitler is jailed and
Mein Kampf
My Struggle
2 themes
1.
2.
Creates incredible
nationalistic feelings in
Germany.
Calls on Germany to
rebuild its strength, take
back lost lands, and create
a German Empire.
German Economy
1923- German money
considered worthless.
Fall, 1929- banks
collapsed, and factories
closed.
Stock prices fall.
Leads to a world-wide
Depression.
Nazi Germany
1933- Hitler seized
totalitarian control of
the govt. and creates the
Third Reich.
Reforms
1. All political
2.
3.
4.
5.
parties outlawed
except Nazi Party.
Creates the
Gestapo- secret
police.
Jews lose
citizenship and
are ordered to
leave the country.
Takes control of
the press.
Creates jobs for
the unemployed.
Coolidge.
cultural revolution.
Cars become affordable.
Movies gain sound.
Stock prices rise and rise
and rise.
1933- Franklin D.
Roosevelt elected
President.
New Deal policies turn
economy around.
Government sponsored
programs create jobs.
Great Britain
Great Depression hits
hard.
No trading vessels and a
Imperial Territories
Creates a Commonwealth
Divides Ireland
Northern IrelandAnglican
Ireland- Catholic
France
France attempts to rebuild
based on German war
reparations.
Germany too broke to repay.
French seize German coal
mines and steel mills along
the Ruhr.
Reforms
40-hour week for workers.
Govt. control of banks and
military.
Japan
1920s- Democracy takes root.
Industry and trade with
Europe grows.
Voting allowed.
WORLD WAR II
army created.
Italian expansion
1935- invades
Ethiopia
Franco establishes a
Fascist govt.
League of Nations
condemns, but
takes no action.
support and
membership.
Appeasement
March, 1936- Hitler
invades the Rhineland
and takes from
France.
March, 1938- Hitler
invades Austria.
Britain and France
allow to happen in
hopes of appeasing
Germany.
Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlains Piece
of Paper.
Invasion of Czechoslovakia
September, 1938
Munich Conference
Britain
Neville Chamberlain
France
Edouard Daladier
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Germany
Adolph Hitler
Invasion of Poland
March, 1939- Hitler
demands parts of Poland
be returned to Germany.
France and Britain
threaten war.
September 1, 1939Germany invades Poland
September 3, 1939Britain and France
declare war on Germany.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Joseph Stalin- leader
of the Soviet Union.
Hitler signs an
agreement promising
not to invade the
Soviet Union.
Allies
Britain
Winston Churchill
United States
Franklin Roosevelt
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Japan
Hideki Tojo
Blitzkrieg
Lightning war
Use of tanks, bombers,
and paratroopers to
open up the lines.
Used by Germany to
defeat Poland.
April, 1940- Germany
invades Denmark.
May, 1940- Germany
invades Belgium and
the Netherlands.
Invasion of France
June, 1940- Germany
invades via Belgium.
Allied troops along the
French border w/
Germany.
June, 1940- Mussolini
invades from the south.
June 14, 1940- France is
defeated.
Henri-Philippe Petain
Battle of Britain
August 8, 1940
Every day, 100s of
German planes bomb
Britain.
Britain air force fights
back and creates German
losses.
Used RADAR
Invasion of Stalingrad
August, 1942
Germans attack city.
600 German planes
Japanese Aggression
1937- invades all of
China.
Early, 1940sinvades Thailand,
Malaysia, and the
Philippines.
United States limits
trade relations.
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
Japan bombs
American naval
bases in Hawaii.
Majority of United
States Pacific Fleet
is destroyed.
invade Australia.
United States stops.
Battle of Midway
June 4-7, 1942
America destroys
Invasion of Italy
Allies take back North
Africa.
July, 1943- Allies
invade Italy.
Mussolini attempts to
Invasion of France
Led by General Dwight
D. Eisenhower.
June 6, 1944- D-Day
120,000 Allied troops
Invasion of Germany
Fall, 1944- Soviet troops
invade from the East.
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944
Germans make last attempt
V-E Day
May 8, 1945
Germany
unconditionally
surrenders to the
Allies.
The Holocaust
German plan to wipe
out the Jews.
The Final Solution
Developed by Heinrich
Himmler.
The Holocaust
in Pictures
Defeat of Japan
August, 1942- America
reclaims Guadalcanal.
October, 1944- America
reclaims the Philippine
Islands.
Japan tries kamikaze raids
by deliberately crashing
planes into American
battleships.
February, 1945- America
claims Iwo Jima
5,000 American dead
15,000 wounded
American casualties
running high.
bomb on Hiroshima.
60% of city destroyed.
80,000 people killed.
August 9, 1945
America drops 2nd
atomic bomb on
Nagasaki.
V-J Day
August 15, 1945
Emperor Hirohito
surrenders to the
Allies.
The Spread of
Communism
Potsdam Conference
Harry S. Truman new
U.S. President.
Very anti-Communist.
return of Hitler
Soviet Union wants
payback for what was
done to them in WWII.
An Iron Curtain had
fallen across Europe.
Winston Churchill
Death of Stalin
1953- dies after a long
illness.
Reform-minded
Communists demand
that Stalins
reforms be reversed
and that more positive
reforms be made.
de Stalinization
Nikita Khrushchev
Chief Communist
reformer.
1955- becomes new
Soviet ruler.
Launches de
Stalinization of Russia.
Exposes Stalin for all his
killings.
All reminders of Stalin
removed- statues, pictures,
etc.
Economy improves by
shifting from heavy
industry to agriculture.
Peaceful Coexistence
Khrushchev's policy
toward non-Communist
nations.
Believes that
Communism and
Capitalism can both exist
in the world without war.
Holds summit meetings
Cuba.
America demands their
removal.
Nearly come to brink of war.
Khrushchev blinks.
Leonid Brezhnev
Restricts personal
freedoms and returns to
the build-up of the
military.
A re-Stalinization of
Russia.
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet Union and its allies
Detente
A relaxation of
tensions.
Soviet policy toward
the United States.
Soviet Power
1968- Czechoslovakia attempts
to allow personal freedoms.
Communism with a human
face.
Inspires Poland and Hungary
to revolt.
August, 1968- 500,000
Russian troops re-occupy.
long lines.
1980s.