Class: General Biology

Teacher: Dana Horton

Name____________ Hour________

Unit Test: Cell Structure and Transport

High School General Biology
Standards:
CO State Science Standard 2.5: Cells use passive and active transport of substances across
membranes to maintain relatively stable intracellular environments.
Objectives:
(a) Students will be able to describe the different cell organelles and their functions.
(b) Students will be able to name the different parts of a microscope and their functions.
(c) Students will be able to describe the three parts of the cell theory.
(d) Students will be able to describe the terms diffusion, osmosis, and equilibrium, and how they
relate to a concentration gradient.
(e) Students will be able to describe passive transport through the cell membrane and give
examples of molecules that are moved with facilitated diffusion.
(f) Students will be able to give examples of different types of active transport.
(g) Students will be able explain how large macromolecules are transported into and out of the cell
using vesicles.
(h) Students will be able to explain how size and efficiency are related in terms of cell functions.
(i) Students will be able to list similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells
(j) Students will be able to draw a labeled diagram of the cell membrane including protein,
carbohydrates, and lipid molecules.

About this Assessment:

This test is worth a total of 90 points. It includes multiple choice, matching, true/false,
short answer, and essay questions. Start with the questions that are easier for you and
come back to those you feel less confident on. Take a deep breath and relax!
Directions: On questions 1-10, circle the correct answer for each question. Each question is worth 2
points.
1.

Which of the following organelles are only found in plant cells?

(a) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
(b) Cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central
vacuole
(c) Nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondria
(d) There are no organelles that are only found in
plant cells

2.

Examples of eukaryotic cells include:

(a) plant cells
(b) animal cells
(c) bacteria
(d) all of the above

3.

The transport of particles across the cell

membrane that does not require energy from the
cell is called:
(a) active transport
(b) rapid transport
(c) hydrolysis
(d) passive transport

4.

The transport of particles across the cell membrane that requires energy from the cell is
called:
(a) active transport
(b) rapid transport
(c) hydrolysis
(d) passive transport

5.

The part of the microscope that changes the amount of lights that passes through the stage is
the:
(a) base
(b) diaphragm
(c) coarse focus
(d) eyepiece

6.

When looking at a specimen under the microscope, you always start with the:
(a) scanning power lens
(b) low power lens
(c) high power lens
(d) it doesn't matter which lens you start with

7.

Which of the following is NOT a part of cell theory?

(a) All living things are made of one or more cells.
(b) All cells have a nucleus.
(c) The cell is the most basic unit of life.
(d) All new cells come from existing cells.

8.

During diffusion a substance moves:

(a) from a low concentration to a high concentration
(b) against the concentration gradient
(c) from a high concentration to a low concentration
(d) none of the above

9.

When a substance reaches equilibrium across a cell membrane:

(a) it no longer moves across the membrane
(b) it continues to move into the cell faster than it moves out of the cell
(c) it continues to move out of the cell faster than it moves into the cell
(d) it continues to cross the cell membrane in both directions at equal rates

10.

Fish cells from an unknown source are put into freshwater. The cells begin to swell. These
cells likely came from a:
(a) freshwater fish
(b) saltwater fish
(c) fish that was sick
(d) fish that had been dried out

Directions: For questions 11-15, match each organelle to the correct function by marking the letter for
the correct function next to each organelle. There will be functions that are not used. Each correct
function is worth 2 points.
Organelle
Function
11. _____Nucleus

a. Makes proteins

12. _____Lysosome

b. Controls what goes in and out of the cell

13. _____Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

c. Breaks down proteins and cell parts no longer

needed

14. _____Cytoplasm

d. Contains the genetic information for the cell

15. _____Golgi Apparatus

e. Tags and packages proteins and other molecules

for transport
f. Moves proteins from one part of the cell to
another and is where some proteins are made
g. Provides structure and shape to plan cells
h. The gel-like substance that holds organelles

Directions: For questions 16-20, circle true or false. Correct false statements on the line below each
question. Each correct answer (and explanations for false answers) is worth 2 points.
16.

True

False

Proteins are made by the mitochondria.

Correction __________________________________________________

17.

True

False

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport.

Correction __________________________________________________

18.

True

False

When vesicles transport macromolecules into the cell, it is called

endocytosis.
Correction__________________________________________________

19.

True

False

Osmosis is the movement of glucose across a semi-permeable membrane.

Correction __________________________________________________

20.

True

False

Facilitated diffusion requires energy in the form of ATP.

Correction __________________________________________________

Directions: For questions 21-25, fill in the missing labels on the diagram below using terms in the
word bank. Each correct label is worth 2 points.
Word Bank
Channel Protein
Receptor Protein
Polar Hydrophilic Head
Non-polar Hydrophobic Tail
Carbohydrate

Directions: For questions 26-30, answer each questions using one or more full sentences. Each answer
will be worth a maximum of 5 points.
26.

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The cell begins to shrink. Describe what
is happening across the cell membrane.

27.

Describe the process of endocytosis using concept and terms we have discussed in class.
How does it happen and why?

28.

In class, we dropped food coloring into some clear water. The coloring molecules slowly
diffused through the water, eventually giving us a uniformly colored liquid. Why does this
happen? Explain what is happening at the molecular level that causes the coloring molecules
to spread out.

29.

As a cell gets larger, it's surface area increases and there is more cell membrane. Having a
large surface area is important for cells because there are many important processes
involving the transport of molecules across the membrane. However, almost all cells are very
small. Given the importance of cell transport, why aren't cells larger? What are the benefits
of having such a small size?

30.

Plants that live in the desert often have a waxy covering for their leaves. Using what you
know about osmosis and concentration gradients, explain how this would help the plants live
in the dry desert climate.

Essay Question
Directions: Answer the following essay questions. It is worth a total of 15 points awarded as follows:
Criteria
Points Possible
You support your ideas with specific concepts from class.

5 points

You include elements of experimental design (independent,

dependent, and control variables).

5 points

You use clear writing that is easy to read and has few spelling,
punctuation, or grammar errors.

5 points

Prompt: A researcher wants to determine if a particular substance can travel across the cell membrane,
and if so, does it move across the membrane using active or passive transport. Using what you know
about cell membrane transport, concentration gradient, and experimental methods, describe an
experiment the researcher could do to determine if/how the substance is transported across the cell
membrane.
Write your answer in the space below. You may use the back of the test to plan your answer.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Unit Test: Cell Structure and Transport

ANSWER KEY
Standards:
CO State Science Standard 2.5: Cells use passive and active transport of substances across
membranes to maintain relatively stable intracellular environments.
Objectives:
(a) Students will be able to describe the different cell organelles and their functions.
(b) Students will be able to name the different parts of a microscope and their functions.
(c) Students will be able to describe the three parts of the cell theory.
(d) Students will be able to describe the terms diffusion, osmosis, and equilibrium, and how they
relate to a concentration gradient.
(e) Students will be able to describe passive transport through the cell membrane and give
examples of molecules that are moved with facilitated diffusion.
(f) Students will be able to give examples of different types of active transport.
(g) Students will be able explain how large macromolecules are transported into and out of the cell
using vesicles.
(h) Students will be able to explain how size and efficiency are related in terms of cell functions.
(i) Students will be able to list similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells
(j) Students will be able to draw a labeled diagram of the cell membrane including protein,
carbohydrates, and lipid molecules.
Section I: Multiple Choice
Question
Correct Answer

Objective

(a)

(i)

(e)

(f)

(b)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(d)

10

(d)

11

(a)

12

(a)

13

(a)

14

(a)

15

(a)

16

FALSE proteins are made by RIBOSOMES.

(a)

17

TRUE

(f)

18

TRUE

(f)

19

FALSE osmosis is the movement of WATER across a membrane.

(d)

20

FALSE facilitated diffusion DOES NOT require energy.

(e)

21

Non-polar hydrophobic tails

(j)

22

Carbohydrate

(j)

23

Channel protein

(j)

24

Polar hydrophilic heads

(j)

25

Receptor protein

(j)

26

Answer should include explanation of the term hypertonic in terms of (d)

a concentration gradient and that water is moving out of the cell.

27

Answer should include description of vesicles and receptor proteins

(g)

28

Answer should include that molecules are constantly moving and

they bump into each other which eventually spreads them out.

(d)

29

As cell size increases, the cell becomes less efficient because the
membrane is farther away from the nucleus

(h)

30

Answer should include that there is a concentration gradient created

by the dry desert air. The waxy covering helps protect water from
escaping, despite this concentration gradient.

(d)

Essay

Criteria

Points Possible

You support your ideas with specific concepts from class.

5 points

You include elements of experimental design (independent,

dependent, and control variables).

5 points

You use clear writing that is easy to read and has few spelling,
punctuation, or grammar errors.

5 points