Thc mc v AMD th hy c.

Mt vi c im v My tnh AMD
* Cc Cng ngh ni bt ca AMD
* Gii thch tc h thng v tc thc ca CPU AMD
* Hng ti CPU AMD 64bit
* AMD - Intel cuc chin cha kt thc
* Overclock - p xung , nhng iu cn bit :
* Ram my tnh ,nhng iu cn bit
* B x l AMD - r v hiu qu
ngoakilong
Jul 14 2006, 08:54 AM
QUOTE(giganetvn @ Jul 7 2006, 11:15 AM)
Rt cm n bn johan!
Nhng sao mnh nghe ni l SATA th dng tt hn ATA, tc nhanh hn, mnh xem
qua bng so snh gia ATA v SATA th thy SATA hn hn v tc cng nh gn
nh.
VGA 256 th mnh chn hi cao (Vista th ch cn 128), cng v cng vic.
Nu dng b x l AMD th dng loi no, vi mainboard no v main trn th ch
"Support CPU for Intel Pentium4/PentiumD"
Mnh khng bit nhiu v phn cng, ch xem ti liu thi nn cng khng chc. Mong
johan v cc bn ch dm!
Mnh rt cm n
Thc mc v AMD th hy c.
Mt vi c im v My tnh AMD
Cng ngh Vt tri ca AMD

1. Cng ngh Siu truyn (HyperTransport Technology - HTT):

Cung cp kt ni tc cc nhanh theo kiu im n im kt ni cc thnh phn
trn mainboard, c pht minh bi AMD v c ng dng trong nhng lnh vc i
hi d liu c truyn i vi cng cao, tc ln v tr nh. Khi CPU s

giao tip vi memory v chipset thng qua HyperTransport bus (HTT) vi bng thng
cc ln v c m c 2 chiu khng cn tr ln nhau (full-duplex). Gip hn ch hin
tng tht c chai (bottle-neck) to iu kin cho b x l tn dng khng gian trng
b nh hiu qu hn.ng dng cng ngh HyperTransport trong kin trc h thng nhm
vo cc li ch sau:
- Tng cng ng k rng di bng tn so vi cc ng dng khc
- Thi gian ch thc thi ch lnh ngn, gim thiu mi hn ch i vi xung nhp b x l
- X l giao thc dng biu kin i vi h iu hnh, khng to xung t trn cc trnh
iu khin thit b ngoi vi.
- Ch song cng hon ton (full-duplex) cho php thc thi qua knh d liu vic
truyn-nhn cng lc.
FSB: HyperTransport 1600MHz (full-duplex) cho AMD socket 754
FSB: HyperTransport 2000MHz (full-duplex) cho AMD socket 939
2. Cng ngh tnh ton 64-bit (AMD64):
Chy tt cho H iu hnh (HH) 32-bit hin nay v sn sng tng thch cho HH 64bit trong tng lai.Cu trc nn ca AMD64 c thit k tng thch v thc thi
hiu qu khng nhng i vi cc ng dng 32-bit m k c cc ch 64-bit ang ngy
cng ph bin. Yu cu pht trin cng ngh 64-bit pht xut t cc ng dng i hi cc
ch thc thi cao, mt khng gian ln cho a ch vt l ln a ch d liu o. Thng
thng, dng my chy chng trnh 32-bit lun b gii hn trong khng gian a ch b
nh ti a l 4GB; cn cc HH 32-bit cng ch c kh nng nh a ch vng nh cha
qu 2GB. Ni cch khc, hiu sut hot ng ca cc b x l ny ch t 50% so vi cu
trc thc t. Nhng bc tin ca AMD trong lnh vc 64-bit to iu kin cho ngi
s dng c c hi chuyn dn t kin trc 32-bit thn quen nhng hn hp, sang nn
64-bit mi l, rng m i vi c h thng phn cng ln phn mm, nhm hng n
mt mi trng in ton c kh nng p ng mi yu cu h tr mnh trong nhiu ng
dng, hnh thnh phn lp h thng a b x l, m rng khng gian a ch b nh, tng
cng hiu nng video, audio, thit k 3D cng vi nng lc tnh ton tht chnh xc.
Microsoft chnh thc cho ra i HH Windows 64-bit cho th trng my ch v my
bn. Ring cc nh pht trin HH Linux, Solaris cng h tr 64-bit thng qua cc
HH 64-bit ca h nhm gip b x l thc thi trit tc 64-bit.
3. B iu khin b nh (Memory control):
Tch hp lun vo trong nhn ca CPU (core) nn cho d bus b nh cao n my th
CPU u p ng c. ng thi gip gim ng k tr ca d liu do khng phi
truyn t CPU qua chipset cu Bc v ngc li, gip vt b nt tht d liu v gia
tng bng thng gia CPU vi b nh RAM.
Single-DDR cho AMD socket 754
Dual-DDR cho AMD socket 939
4. Cng ngh CoolnQuiet:
Trc y, vic tng cng hiu nng b x l lun ng ngha vi vic gia tng in

nng tiu hao v ting n. Cng ngh CoolnQuiet ca AMD qua kim nghim thc t
t ra hiu dng trong vic gim thiu ti a mc tiu th in nng, gip h thng
chy tht m mt khi thc thi cc chui lnh, ng thi gii nhit hiu qu, to nn mt
mi trng lm vic tht yn tnh, thng thong
5. Phng chng virus (Enhanced Virus Protection):
c kch hot khi s dng HH Windows XP SP2 tr ln, t ng ngn nga hin
tng trn b m (buffer overflow) khi b Virus tn cng.
6. Tch hp tm tn nhit trn CPU (Intergrated Heat Spreader):
Bo v an ton cho CPU, trnh hin tng m core trc y ca dng CPU AMD, tng
tnh gii nhit hn cho CPU v c mt tip xc ln vi b tn nhit.
7. Cc cng ngh khc:
- Hiu nng: ni ti AMD l phi ni ti hiu nng, ng nhn vo xung m hy nhn vo
tn ca sn phm, n ni ln tt c. VD: AMD Athlon64 3000+ tuy xung tht ch c
1.8GHz, nhng hiu nng ca n l tng ng b x l 3.0GHz, du + biu th s vt
tri hn v cng ngh. y l mt im xut sc ca AMD, ch vi xung l 1.8GHz m
hiu nng t hn mt b x l 3.0GHz, nh vy nhit lng s ta ra t hn, t tiu
th in hn (m hiu nng vn cao), hn na c th ngh xem nu ko c xung ln
cao (overclock) khong 2.5GHz th hiu nng ca b x l ny s t n...
4.0GHz~4.2GHz
- Oveclock: hu ht cc dng sn phm ca AMD u c sn xut da trn nn 90namometer SOI, nn rt mt, t tiu hao nhit nng, v u l nhng mn qu tng ca
AMD cho gii Overclockers. Vi mt mainboard chin cng vi h thng tn nhit
hiu qu th kh nng p xung ca AMD l rt tuyt vi, hn c nhng g bn mong i
- Gii nhit: nu nh trc y im yu nht ca AMD l vn gii nhit, th hin nay
bn vic dn u v cng ngh nh cao-hiu nng tuyt vi, AMD cng dn u lun v
kh nng gii nhit. Cng ngh SOI a AMD bc hn ln so vi cc i th v vn
ny. Cho d lun hot ng cng sut cao nht, cho d iu kin mi trng hot
ng c khc nghit n u, AMD vn lun mt m. Hin cc b x l ca AMD lun
c nh gi l mt nht khi so vi cc b vi x l ca cc hng khc.
- Thc t dng AMD, khng nhng chi ph thp hn 30% so vi dng cc b x l tng
ng ca cc hng khc, m cn c hiu nng vt tri hn, nht l trong cc ng
dng ha, 3D... v c bit l games v overclock.
Gii Thch Tc h thng v Tc Thc ca CPU AMD
Tc h thng v tc thc ca CPU
Nhng nh sn xut ln thng c nhng chiu tip th tinh vi, bng cch s dng nhng
t chuyn mn kh hiu khin ngi dng d b 'ri lon'. Hn bn cng tng bi ri v
hiu nng thc s ca CPU. Mi b x l u c mt tc nht nh, gi l tc CPU

hay tc li (core speed). Vo lc vit bi ny, CPU nhanh nht ca Intel chy tc
3,2GHz v ca AMD l 2,2GHz. Tuy nhin bn cn nh rng tc ca h thng khng
th ch nhn vo s MHz, GHz ca CPU, c bit i vi 2 h CPU khc nhau. AMD
thng tn CPU theo tc benchmark tng ng vi CPU ca Intel, v d AthlonXP
3200+.
Ngoi tc bn thn, CPU cng cn phi lin lc vi cc thnh phn bn ngoi v bus
h thng hay cn gi l Front Side Bus (FSB) s m nhn cng vic ny. Ch c b x
l Athlon64 s dng giao thc HyperTransport l c cch thc lin lc hi khc. Tc
cao hng Gigahertz ch thc s hiu qu khong cch ngn, ni cch khc, nu khong
cch qu xa, v d nh n chipset th tc s b gim nhng thng khng qu
200MHz, do cc nh sn xut lun tm cch ci thin con ng ny.
Nu , bn s thy CPU s dng nhng cng ngh bus khc nhau, trong khi Intel
Pentium 4 dng Quad Data Rate th AMD Athlon s dng Double Data Rate. Hiu mt
cch n gin th i vi b x l Athlon v RAM DDR th d liu c truyn i trong
c 2 chu k dn tn hiu ln v xung. i vi DDR th tc vt l 200MHz s em li
bng thng nh l 400MHz i vi SDR, l l do ti sao AMD lun qung co FSB
400MHz cn Intel l 800MHz.
Thc t tc CPU l mt h qu ca bus h thng, v d Pentium 4 3,2GHz c ngha n
c h s nhn 16 v tc bus 200MHz v nh vy 3200MHz c tnh theo cng thc
16x200=3200.

CPU, CPU v CPU

1. Athlon XP - Ngi trung thnh

Mt CPU AMD AthlonXP 2000+ c th so snh vi Intel Pentium 4 2000MHz mc d

n lm vic tc 1666MHz. Tuy nhin ch s '+' cn ty thuc vo tng loi CPU
AMD AthlonXP, v d vi li T-bred th 3200+ tng ng vi 2,4GHz nhng vi li
Barton th n ch l 2,2GHz.
AMD ln u tin vt qua Intel khi loi chip Athlon ca h t ti tc 1GHz trong
khi Pentium III ca Intel ch t n tc 933MHz. Trong nm sau , Intel a
ra Pentium 4 i u v b xa Athlon v xung nhp. V vy AMD a ra mt ch s
gi l s o hiu nng (Performance Rating) xc nh cng sut ca CPU, do cu trc
CPU ca h khc hn ca Intel.
AMD Athlon XP d gi nguyn khe cm Socket 462 nhng tnh nng c thay i kh
nhiu trong nhng nm qua. B nh h thng ci tin lin tc t ch ch s dng

SDRAM PC133 cho ti DDR 266 ri ti 333 v 400, s ra i ca chipset nForce 2

mang li cng ngh b nh knh i (Dual Channel)... gip hiu nng tng ln ng k.
S ra i ca Athlon64 v 64FX bo hiu s kt thc ca thi Socket A tuy nhin
trong vi thng ti, thm ch l vi nm ti bn vn s thy s xut hin ca CPU dng
cm ny. D sao AthlonXP vn l la chn s 1 ca ngi dng vo thi im hin ti
tuy hiu nng cn km xa so vi nhng h thng Intel Pentium 4 HT ca Intel. Mt CPU
thng dng bn th trng VN l Barton 2500+ cho thy kh nhiu u th so vi
Pentium 4 A v B ca Intel. Bn c th thy rt nhiu din n tin hc c nhng cuc
chin khng bao gi dt v sc mnh ca AMD Athlon XP v Intel Pentium 4; tuy kin
thng theo xu hng dng g bnh ny, nhng nu nhn mt cch khch quan, ta c th
nhn thy nhng u nhc im c bn sau ca Athlon XP (xem bng 2).

2. Ngi bn mi Athlon64:
Mi c ra mt cch y khng lu nhng hiu nng vt tri ca Athlon64 nhanh
chng c bit n. AMD cho bit h s s dng Athlon64 dng my ph thng.
Trong thng 9/2003 ch c loi 3200+ 1MB cache c gii thiu d hiu nng rt hp
dn nhng mc gi hi cao khin cho nhiu ngi cn ngn ngi. Ngay sau AMD
Athlon64 3000+ c gii thiu vi 512K cache c gi hp l hn mc d c xc nh
Performance Rating thp hn nhng chng c cng tc thc 2GHz.
Mt trong nhng im mnh ca AMD l vic hiu nng s dng b nh tng r rt do
c cache L2 ln hn v mch iu khin b nh c tch hp thng vo CPU; cho php
CPU lin lc trc tip vi b nh chnh v mch iu khin b nh hot ng tc
ca CPU.
Hin trn th trng, gi ca Athlon64 , mt CPU 3000+ c gi khong170 USD trong
khi tnh nng h tr 64 bit ca n vn cha thc s c ch i vi dng my bn, kh
nng nh v b nh ln hn 4GB l cha cn thit. Hin ti mt my tnh bn cm
khong 1GB RAM c th coi l hi tha thi; hn na cng nhiu module b nh cm
vo th tc hot ng ca chng s cng gim. Mt thanh DDR400 ch c th hot
ng ng 400MHz nu ch mt mnh n c cm vo main. Thm vo l nhng
ng dng 64 bit hu nh cha c. C bn nht l h iu hnh vn cha sn sng, hin ti
vi nn tng Windows th ch c Windows 2003 Server 64 bit l h tr x l 64 bit
nhng y l h iu hnh mng rt t tin v rc ri. Windows XP 64 bit Edition cho
th trng vn phng v gia nh vn cn trong giai on th nghim Beta. i vi
nhng ng dng 32 bit, hiu nng ci thin khng ln, ch yu l do nhng ci tin v
cache v tc bng thng. u im tiu th t in v c mch x l tch hp c th
khin Athlon64 s c gi tr hn trong th trng tnh ton di ng. Hin ti mt s thnh
vin ca VOZ Forum (www.vozforums.com) c may mn c s dng loi CPU
ny, bn cng c th c thm bi 'M rng chn tri 64' trong s ny.

Socket 754 v CPU Athlon64

B x l Athlon64 FX bn tri v Opteron bn phi

3. Ngi sao sng Athlon64 FX:

B vi x l Athlon64 FX hin ang l sn phm cao cp hng u ca AMD. V mt k
thut, CPU ny khng c g khc v kin trc so vi Opteron dnh cho my ch ngoi
vic cache L2 nh hn v khng h tr a b x l. iu ny c th thy r qua hnh
di:
Nhng c im chnh ca n l hot ng tc 2,2GHz, nhanh hn 200MHz so vi
Athlon64 tuy nhin li cm cng khe cm 940 vi AMD Opteron; h tr 2 knh b nh
DDR400. Tuy nhin do c cng cu trc vi Opteron nn FX51 c mt s c im nh
ch hot ng vi Registered DIMM, iu ny cho php tn hiu c bo m v gim
bt lng in nng tiu th trong qu trnh trao i thng tin. Hiu nng lm vic ca n
c th khin nhiu ngi phi bt ng. Nu khng ni qu li th n s cho Pentium 4
3,2GHz vi cng ngh siu phn lung 'ht hi' trong hu ht th nghim benchmark.
Tuy nhin gi c li l im yu ca CPU mi ny: khong 750 USD. y l mt trong
nhng loi CPU thuc chun x86 t nht, ch thua Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.
Hin ti VN hu nh cha c cng ty hay ngi dng c nhn no nhp v loi CPU
ny, tuy nhin mt s hng sn xut bo mch ch gii thiu sn phm h tr n, in
hnh l model SK8N ca Asus s dng chipset nForce 3 Pro ca nVIDIA (xem bng 3).

Hng ti AMD 64bit

****
Mc tiu chnh tip theo ca th trng CPU l thit k a li, cho php t hai b vi x
l hoc nhiu hn trn mt chip CPU.
Opteron ca AMD l b x l ca hm nay v ngy mai. Khng nh cc CPU loi 64Bit
khc. Opteron c th chy cc phn mm 32bit thng dng hin nay, hn na cc phn
mm 64bit s rt pht trin trong nay mai. th h u tin, tc ca Opteron 64bit
snh ngang vi IBM Power, HP Alpha v Intel Itanium 2 theo nh gi ca System
Performance Evaluation and Transaction Processing Performance CAouncil.
Opteron c trn th trng cho loi my ch 2 v 4 BXL. IBM ngay lp tc a ra
cam kt s h tr BXL ny vi bn beta ca CSDL DB2 64bit, ng thi ha hn mt th
trng my ch trn c s BXL Opteron, i u vi BXL Xeon v Itanium 2 ca Intel.

Opteron ang l i th trn th trng my ch v trm lm vic tnh ton tc cao

(HPC: hight-performance computing) mc khi u v c mt s nh sn xut h
thng tch hp vo sn phm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, cc u th khc khng ngi yn.
Trm Intel ang e do Opteron bng Itanium 2, trong khi mc d ln ting v s h tr,
Big Blue vn gy tr ngi cho Opteron vi chip Power5 ca mnh. Thc cht, AMD ang
phi i mt vi nhng ch th mnh hn rt nhiu.
Ro cn ln nht ca AMD l Intel. Chip Xeon ang thng lnh th trng my ch 32bit,
tri rng t mc khi u cho n cc h thng tm trung. Intel tng cng cho Xeon
bus nhanh hn v tc b nh cao hn. Cc h thng chy Xeon c th tch hp ti 32
BXL. iu m Xeon khng t c l tnh ton 64bit, rt cn thit cho vic x l cc
CSDL cc ln v tnh ton khoa hc. y l lnh vc m Itanium 2 v Opteron ang t r
sc mnh. mt trn ny, Itanium 2 cng ang chim u th ln, c cc nh cung cp
h thng tn nhim, k c IBM. Hn na Itanium cn t c tc x l cao nh b
bin dch thng minh. Bi vy, iu m AMD trng cy vo Opteron l gi thp, tiu th
in nng t v kh nng chy c cc phn mm 32bit tc h thng (native).
T NHIN HAY M PHNG
u th ln nht ca Opteron m khng BXL 64Bit no c c l kh nng chy cc ng
dng 32Bit tc xung nhp y , hay cn gi l tc t nhin ca h thng
(native). Chip Opteron 1,8 GHz chy cc phn mm 32bit vi tc tng ng Xeon
2 GHz ca Intel. ch ny, hay cn gi l Legacy Mode, Opteron hot ng khng
khc g cc chip Athlon vi nhng ng dng 32bit v 16bit. Cc HH 32bit nh
Windows, Linux v Unix ci t v chy vi Opteron ch Legacy Mode ging nh
cc h Xeon.
ch Long Mode, phn cng 64bit ca Opteron c kch hot, loi b s tr ngi v
kch thc b nh, cho php truy cp vo cc thanh ghi 64bit - l phn lu tr tm thi
ton t, ton hng v x l du chm ng trong b nh. Long Mode c kch hot bi
HH, v c bit l n vn chy c phn mm 32bit v 16bit. Cc ng dng 32bit ny
chy Long Mode m hon ton khng c thc v mi trng 64bit. Mc d vy,
nhng dch v c bn ca HH - nh qun l b nh, lu tr vn x l d liu 64bit
v truy cp ti cc thanh ghi m rng ca Opteron. y l cch thc m Opteron loi b
mi tr ngi mang li u th v tc cho cc ng dng 32bit chy trong mi trng
64bit.
Trong khi , Intel cng b k hoch a ra phn mm m phng gip h CPU 64bit
Itanium ca mnh chy cc chng trnh x86 (32bit) v cho rng tc m phng s
tng ng vi tc ca Xeon 1,5 GHz, tc l khong mt na so vi tc ln nht
hin nay ca Xeon v P4. Vic m phng x86 khng th thc hin c trn Alpha v
PowerPC. Tuy nhin, mt s m phng hon thin l kh c th t c. Chnh v vy,
y s khng phi l tr ngi i vi AMD.
C V CHA C
Ngoi s tng thch ca Opteron cn nhm vo nhiu c tnh mi c trong cc CPU
khc. a knh, bus I/O tc cao, Dubbed HyperTransport, lin kt CPU n b nh,
ngoi vi v cc CPU khc trn cng mt h thng. i vi nhng thit k CPU khc, b
nh v b iu khin bus l nhng thnh phn nm ngoi; nhng AMD li tch hp cc
chc nng ny ln cng li ca chip x l, lm n gin thit k h thng. B iu khin

trn chip cng lm gim thi gian gi v nhn d liu t b nh v cc thit b. Tc

I/O v thng lng b nh l nhng ch tiu rt quan trng i vi cc ng dng ln, v
chng thng c ngha hn l tc tnh ton.
So snh v cache L1 v L2, thng lng b nh v mt s c t khc ca Opteron c
ch ra bng.
Mt ng dng khc ca Opteron l NUMA (nonuniform memory access truy cp b
nh khng ng nht) nhm mc ch tng tc kh nng truy cp b nh. Ging nh
Xeon v Athlon, chip Opteron b hn ch bi 4GB b nh Legacy Mode. Tuy nhin
trong trng hp ny l 4GB cho mi CPU; h thng 2 CPU s l 8 GB v 4 CPU s l
16 GB. Khi chuyn sang Long Mode, hn ch ny b ph v v Opteron s h tr ti 256
TB b nh o (1 terabyte = 1000 GB).
Hai im tr i vi Opteron l tc cache v x l du chm ng. Tc cache ca
AMD chm hn hn so vi thit k ca Intel, c Xeon v Itanium 2 u c kh nng tn
dng cache mc 3 (L3). May m tc truy cp b nh nhanh ca kin trc NUMA
b li phn no.
Cc b x l ca Intel v IBM u vt tri AMD v tc x l du chm ng, l kh
nng c vai tr rt quan trng trong tnh ton khoa hc, k thut v cc phn mm
multimedia. Tc tnh ton s nguyn ca Opteron c th so snh c vi cc i th
64bit, nhng s thua km v x l du chm ng li t AMD vo th chiu di, c
bit l khi IBM tung ra Power5 vo cui nm nay v xut hin th h tip theo ca
Itanium.
Mc tiu tip theo i vi cc nh ch to CPU s l thit k a li, cho php a hai
hoc nhiu b x l ring l ln cng mt CPU chip. Chng s chia s cng mt b nh
cache tc cao, khng phi vi ra cc thnh phn bn ngoi chia s d liu vi cc CPU
khc. H thng a li nh vy s c mt cc phn t rt cao v phi tch hp 4 hay 8
BXL trn mt . Chng s tiu th nng lng t hn so vi cc BXL ng ring. a li
s l chun trong 5 nm ti v chng ang nm trong k hoch i vi Power, Itanium v
Sparc.
S ra mt chip 64bit ca AMD khng c g l bt thng. Cn rt nhiu vic m cc
chuyn gia cng ngh ca h phi bn tm bt kp cng ngh ca cc i th khc nh
tc cache, x l du chm ng, cng ngh a li... ng nhin, tr ngi l rt ln
i vi AMD trc cc i th hng mnh.
Tm hiu tc cao

B I/O nhanh v giao tip b nh gip Opteron khc phc nhc im v tc cache
chm
1. Bus I/O Hypertransport to ra ng truy cp tc cao ti b nh, ngoi vi v cc
BXL khc trn cng h thng Hypertransport cng gip tng tc truy cp ti b nh
bn ngoi.
2. B nh tch hp v b iu khin bus cho php gim tr thng tin n cc thnh
phn bn ngoi.
3. Opteron tha hng cache L1 128Kb t Athlon XP, nhng li c cache L2 gp 4 ln,
ti 1MB.

4. Giao tip i trn chip v kin trc NUMA gip tng tc truy cp n b nh chnh.

Overclock: c, mt v nhng iu cn bit

p xung - overclock (OC) xut hin t kh lu, t nhng chic my tnh dng b x l
286, 386. C th bn khng tin nhng hy nh li xem c phi trn nhng chic my
lun c nt Turbo hay tng t khng? Mi khi n nt ny l my c overclock mt
cht, tng xung nhp khng ln lm ty theo mc nh ca nh sn xut. n c nh
chic my 386 ca ti dng ngy xa tc mc nh l 33Mhz, khi chuyn sang ch
Turbo tc tng ln 40Mhz. Cng vi tc pht trin chng mt ca cng ngh sn
xut chip, nhng khi nim xoay quanh vn OC cng c s thay i.
Hin nay, ngoi OC tng tc FSB t c tc chip x l cao hn, cn c OC card
mn hnh, RAM, gn thm t gia tng n nh ca in ngun cp cho chip hay cc
gii php tn nhit nhm t c kh nng OC cao hn. Bi vit ny s gii thiu nhng
vn c bn v cc gii php OC.
Linh kin h tr OC
Nu hi bt k mt chuyn gia OC (Overclocker hay Ocer): iu g quan trng nht i
vi vic p xung? Cu tr li s l tm mua c linh kin 'ngon'. Chng ta hy cng
nhau im qua cc linh kin quan trng ca h thng my tnh.
1. Mainboard (MB)
MB l thnh phn quan trng i vi OC v n l th kt ni tt c mi b phn vi nhau.
Nu hnh dung my tnh ging mt chic xe my th MB ging ci khung xe. Nu xe
mun chy nhanh th b khung phi tt v c sc chu lc cao. i vi MB cng vy.
Hin trn th trng Vit Nam c nhiu hng MB tn tui nh:
- Albatron: y l gng mt mi i vi th trng VN, tuy mi thnh lp nhng
Albatron nhanh chng chng minh c v th v kh nng ca mnh. MB Albatron
ni chung r v kh nng OC trn mt s dng MB gn y c nh gi kh cao nh:
PX845PE Pro II (chipset 845PE), PX865PE Pro (chipset 865PE Springdale).
- Asus: Tuy khng qung co rm r v kh nng OC nhng n nh cng nh kh
nng chu xung nhp cao ca MB Asus tt nht. Vo thi im bn c bi ny th trong
top 10 xp hng ca cc Ocer trn th gii, Asus chim ti 5 v tr (bao gm v tr s 1).
im yu duy nht ca MB Asus l gi cao (i khi ti gp ri) so vi cc MB cng
loi ca cc hng khc.

Hnh 1: nh pha sau hp CPU ni c th tm thy MM Code v Product Code.

- Abit: Qung co rt rm r v kh nng OC vi cng ngh Softmenu III, tuy kh nng

p xung rt tuyt vi nhng thng km n nh tc cao, nhng model cho kh nng
OC tt v y chc nng li rt t.
- Gigabyte: Ni chung y l hng sn xut nhm vo th trng ph thng nn khng
ch trng lm n OC, tuy nhin mt s model gn y thuc dng XP vi Dual Power
Supply th kh nng OC kh cao do ngun in cp cho CPU rt n nh: 8INXP (chipset
Intel E7205), 8KNXP (chipset 875P Canterwood), 8PENXP (chipset 865PE Springdale).
- MSI: Kh ging Gigabyte v mc tiu th trng, tuy nhin nhng model Neo s dng
chipset Intel 865, 875 gn y cng rt kh v c nh gi tng i cao.
- Epox: Gn tng t vi Abit v kh nng, tuy nhin i khi gy cho ngi dng n
tng l cc model ca Epox ch dng OC ch khng phi s dng hng ngy. Cc
model cho AMD ca Epox xut sc hn nhiu so vi nhng loi cho Intel. u im: gi
r hn nhiu so vi Asus, Abit.
- ASRock, FIC, ECS, Biostar...: y l nhng MB hng vo ngi dng quan tm v
gi, tuy nhin chng li kh hay i vi mt s tay chuyn nghip do kh nng chnh sa
d dng (v d model K7S5A cho chip AMD ca ECS).
Khi mua MB bn nn ch ti cc thng s thit lp trong BIOS qua sch hng dn i
km (User Manual), thng th cc MB cao cp h tr tt OC cho chnh rt chi tit nhng
thng s lin quan ti FSB, Vcore, tc RAM,... Mt s hng cung cp cc phn mm
p xung cp h iu hnh nh Gigabyte hay MSI nhng theo ti n gy rc ri nhiu
hn l tin li, hn na vic thay i tc v in th CPU trong khi ang vn hnh rt
nguy him.
2. CPU: Intel v AMD.
Intel: C mt s im cn lu .
S Sspec hay thng gi l Stepping Mask: Hin bn trn th trng ch yu l loi B0,
B1 tuy nhin C1 v D1 mi l siu sao trong gii OC. Chc bn s thc mc lm th no
phn bit? Rt n gin: Bn hy 5 ch s cui hng code ( hnh 1 l SL6WF)
ri so snh vi bng tra cu CPU stepping.
Hin trn th trng xut hin loi Pentium 4 tc 2,4Ghz vi code SL6RZ, y l loi
c kh nng p xung siu hng. V d trong iu kin bnh thng P4 2,4Ghz SL6RZ
(18x133Mhz) c th p xung chy n nh tc 3,24Ghz (18x180Mhz) m khng cn
thm gii php tn nhit no. Cn vi gii php tn nhit bng LN2 (s dng bng kh

hay Nit lng h thp nhit chip xung di 0 C) th c th y tc ln trn

4Ghz. Tt c cc loi Pentium 4 3,06 u l stepping C1, cc loi Pentium 4-C FSB
800Mhz mi u l stepping D1. Bn c th tm con s ny ti:
http://support.intel.com/support/processors/
H s nhn: Bn nn chn loi c h s nhn cng cao cng tt v n s quyt nh tc
chip tng thm khi tng 1Mhz FSB. Hin cao nht c th l loi 2,4Ghz FSB 400Mhz
c h s nhn ti 24x, tuy nhin loi ny rt kh mua. Theo ti, bn nn chn loi 2,4B
Ghz FSB 533Mhz t c hiu nng v gi c hp l nht.
AMD: Hin nay Chip AMD ngy cng ph bin . u im ln nht ca AMD l gi r,
chip Athlon XP1700+ gi ch khong 70USD so vi 143USD ca Pentium4 1,7Ghz. Tuy
nhin, bn nn lu l trn th trng c ti 4 loi chip AthlonXP vi tn m (codename)
khc nhau:

Hnh 2: CPU sau khi OC ang trong qu trnh khi ng

Palomino: y l chip Athlon XP i u tuy hiu nng cao nhng chy rt nng do
vn dng cng ngh 0,18 micron v b kha h s nhn. Tuy vn c cch m kha nhng
rt nguy him v c th gy hng chip.
T-bred A: Athlon XP i th 2, s dng cng ngh 0,13 micron chy mt hn nhiu, c
th so snh vi Pentium 4 Northwood, c bit l h s nhn khng b kha.
T-bred B: Athlon XP i th 3, cu trc tng t loi A nhng c mt s ci tin nn
c kh nng chy xung nhp cao hn nhiu. V d T-Bred B 1700+ xung thc l
1433Mhz (11x133) c th chy n nh tc 2400Mhz (khong 3200+) (200x12).
Barton: Athlon XP mi nht vi L2 cache 5120KB v FSB 333/400Mhz, hin ti loi
thng dng nht 2500+ vi xung thc l 1833Mhz; loi ny cha c bn VN. Barton
ch c th hot ng hon ton n nh vi mt s loi MB mi nh Abit NF7-S hay mt
s dng MB dng chipset NF2 khc, i khi bn cng cn phi cp nht BIOS.
Tt nhin c th nhn thy dng T-bred B l ngi sao i vi ngi dng AMD v rt d
mua, tuy nhin cng ging Intel, bn cn chn loi c code l 0308 hay 0307 i vi loi
1700+ th tt hn. Cc dng cao hn nh 2100+ hay 2400+ gi kh cao m hiu nng
khng ci thin nhiu ng thi gii hn p xung cng khng cao hn m li kh tm
mua.

Hnh 3: Chng trnh hin th thng s CPU - WCPUid

Mainboard cho AMD tuy kh tm nhng hin bn c th mua c nhng loi tt nht
VN nh: Abit NF7-S, Epox 8RDA+, Asus A7N8X, Soltek 75FRN2-S/SL, tt c u
dng chipset nForce2 ca nVidia. Cc MB nh Asus K7V8X hay Abit KD7, dng
chipset ca VIA Technologies cng tt nhng c. Theo mt s kin th chipset
nForce2 ca nVidia vi stepping C1 l tt nht, tuy nhin chn c ng loi th ch
c th do may mn, bn c th mt n loi Abit NF7-S phin bn 2.0 l mt trong s
t cc MB dng chipset C1 m ngi mua c th nhn bit.
Ngoi th trng c bn kh nhiu chip T-bred 1700+ m theo nh sn xut l c h
xung (downgrade) t dng 2700+. Nhng chip ny khng t cc php kim tra i vi
chip 2700+ (khng chy n nh 2700+) nn b gim tc v bn ra di dng 1700+,
trong khi nhng loi 1700+ bnh thng li d dng chy 2700+ hay thm ch cao hn.
3. RAM

Khi FSB tng th bus RAM cng s tng theo, v d khi FSB l 400Mhz th RAM cng
chy 400Mhz. Cc loi MB mi gn y cho php chnh h s t l gia FSB v RAM,
h s 1:1 c th h xung 3:4, 2:3 bus RAM chy tc thp hn. Ngoi tc
RAM bn cn phi n tr CAS ca RAM, cng thp cng tt, thng l 2.0 i
vi cc loi RAM hng hiu v tt. i a s cc loi RAM trn th trng VN l CAS
2.5 hay t hn l CAS 3.0. nhn bit c im ny bn cng p dng cch tng t
nh CPU. V d thanh Kingston 512MB DDR333 c seri@l: KVR333X64C25/512 th
C25 chnh l CAS ca RAM.

Hnh 4: Chnh sa CAS v cc thng s timming ca RAM trong BIOS

i vi cc hiu RAM khc th s hiu c th khc nhng thng s CAS ca RAM c

dng Cxx. Mt s loi RAM tt m bn c th mua nc ngoi nh Corsair XMS,
Kingston HyperX... Nhng chipset mi nh nFORCE 2 hay 875P, 865PE h tr cng
ngh Dual Channel DDR, tuy cho bng thng rt ln nhng li hn ch v kh nng OC.
Mt s ngi khng coi trng RAM lm v lun h tc RAM xung thp trong khi p
xung CPU ln cao. Thc t, iu ny khng c li cht no v d CPU x l nhanh
nhng khi d liu qua RAM b tc nghn th cng khng hiu qu. i vi AMD, nu
bn chy FSB vi RAM ng b th hiu sut h thng s c ci thin ng k.
4. Card mn hnh
Khi bn tng FSB th tc bus AGP/PCI cng tng theo, cc MB mi gn y cho
kha bus AGP v PCI li nn iu ny khng quan trng, tuy nhin nu card tt c th
chu bus AGP/PCI cao th d nhin s tng tc . iu quan trng: card mn hnh (vid)
chnh l ci bn c th p xung rt cao. Card mn hnh cng c th coi nh mt my tnh,
c bn mch chnh (PCB), b x l ha GPU (Core), RAM ha (Vidmem), chnh
v th m vic la chn card tt l rt quan trng; bn khng th mua ri tng b phn ri
lp li.

Hnh 5: Card ha Abit Siluro OTES 4200-8x (GPU Rev Ti4800SE)

Bng mch (PCB) ca card ha cao cp nh GeForce4 Ti hay 9700 Pro thng c t 8
lp tr ln nhm tng tnh n nh ngun in cp cho cc thnh phn ca vid. Cc hng
sn xut cung cp card mn hnh cng rt phong ph gip cho bn c nhiu chn la. Ni
chung hu ht cc hng sn xut MB tn tui u cung cp c card mn hnh nh MSI,
Asus, Gigabyte, Abit, Albatron... ngoi ra cng c nhng hng chuyn sn xut card mn
hnh nh Sparkle, Palit, Hercules, Gainward, Leadtek, HIS, Sapphire... V ti c th cho
bn mt vi gi nh:
Nhn chung, nu nhm vo nhu cu s dng bnh thng th hu nh loi no cng p
ng c, tuy nhin cn phng mt s nhi hng cao cp bt u xut hin trn
th trng. Khi mua card mn hnh bn cn xc nh r mt vi iu. Nu l dn OC
chuyn nghip th a phn s mua card c tn nhit d tho v c bn mch ln c th
tho lp v thay i cc linh kin d dng. Nu bn l 'amateur' hay 'semi-pro' (nghip
d) th s chn nhng loi tn nhit 'hm h' nh Abit Siluro OTES hay Albatron Medusa
Series vi tn nhit ng v chng lm mt rt tt nhng li kh tho lp. Card c nh
gi cao trn th trng th gii hin ti l Hercules nhng gi thng rt t v hu nh

khng th mua ti VN v khng c i l chnh thc. Cho nn Asus, Abit, Albatron l

nhng la chn sng gi.
5. B tn nhit
i vi CPU, nu c iu kin bn nn tm mua mt s loi tn nhit HSF (HeatShink
and Fan - phin tn nhit v qut) c tn tui nh Thermaltake, Zalman... Chng c
thit k t m theo ng k thut v ch to ht sc cn thn. a s u c lm bng
ng hay li ng cng vi qut tc cao c 6000-7000 vng/pht (rpm) - cao hn
nhiu so vi tc t 2500-3500rpm ca qut bn km theo CPU. Hn na, 'xn' c
rt nhiu tnh nng ph nh b chnh tc hay t bo ng khi c trc trc. Bn cng
nn xem chip ca mnh l loi no chn b tn nhit thch hp. Vi Socket 370
ca Pentium III v Socket A (Socket 462) ca AMD do dng chung 1 loi cht nn
chng cng c th dng cng loi tn nhit. i vi P4 do cu trc socket khc nn tn
nhit c nhiu im c bit. Tt nhin c mt s loi lp c c cho 2 dng nhng gi
thng t hn bnh thng nh Volcano 7+ ca Thermaltake. Bn cng nn ch chn
loi tn nhit c to t 1 khi ch khng phi c hn t cc l hp kim v s ht
nhit tt hn.

Hnh 7: Tn nhit nc cao cp

Vi thng my (case) th n gin hn, bn c th t mnh thit k h thng lm mt

nhng ni chung u da trn nguyn tc ht/y. C th ht t mt trc ri y ra sau
hay ht t di y ln trn hoc c hai ty . Tuy nhin hy tnh ton tht cn thn trc
khi quyt nh. Hy tm case loi ln nhm tng s thong mt nh loi Professional
Workstation Case ca Compaq vi gi hp l ri ct, c theo thit k lp qut thng
gi. Bn cng c th thay ton b a cng IDE c bng loi seri@l ATA gim cn
gi nh dng dy cp nh hn, hay t ra thay cp to bn bnh thng bng loi cp trn
c gi khong 10-20USD ty loi.
Ngy nay, tn nhit bng nc (watercooling) tr nn hin thc. Tuy nhin, nn c
bit cn thn vi loi tn nhit ny v nu b r r th h thng ca bn s 'tiu' ngay. Ngay
c vi b xn gi vi trm th bn cng nn chy th vi ngy trc khi lp vo h
thng. Ngoi ra cng cn phi phng hin tng ngng t nc trn mt ngoi ca b
tn nhit khi nhit trong v ngoi chnh lch qu ln.
Mt s ngi cn mo him hn bng cch s dng bng kh hay nit lng lm mt.
Tuy cch ny hiu qu nht (nhit c th xung ti -15 C) tuy nhin rt nguy him
bi cc b phn ca my tnh thng ch c khuyn co s dng trong nhit t 10-

60 C.
6. B ngun:

Hnh 6: Qut EARO Cool Ver: 8 cho CPU Socket 478

Khi cc b phn ca my tnh hot ng tc cao hn tt nhin n s yu cu nhiu

in hn. Nu khng cp in cho cc linh kin th nh l thng xuyn c 'thng
thc' cc thng bo li ca h iu hnh, nng l my ang chy t nhin tt ngm hoc
bt khng ln. C th bn thy v l khi mt b ngun i khi c gi cao hn c nhng
thnh phn quan trng nht ca my tnh nhng iu li hon ton hp l. Bn thn ti
khi s dng b ngun thng thng i km cc loi case trn th trng thng xuyn
gp cc loi li nh ni, nhng khi thay bng mt s loi ngun 'hiu' nh Herolchi,
Thermaltake, Antec TrueControl hay Enermax th khng cn thy chng xut hin. Tin
y cng gii thiu cc bn chng trnh Speedfan: y l mt phn mm a nng hin
th cc thng s ca h thng mt cch y bao gm: Nhit mainboard/chip/
cng, tc qut CPU/Case/PSU, mc in p ca cc ng in chnh trong h thng
(3,3v/5v/12v). Bn c th download min ph ti http://www.almico.com/speedfan.php.
Chng trnh c th s dng vi hu ht cc loi MB c bn trn th trng trong cng
nh ngoi nc.
chn mua b ngun ph hp, bn c th tham kho cc bi bo hng dn rt chi tit
trn cc s PC World trc y. Bn cnh cng nn ch mt vi im: i vi P4
bn nn chn loi ngun c cng sut ng 12v thp nht cng phi l 15A, mt s loi
MB mi ca AMD cng c ng 12v ph h tr chip nhng khng n in nhiu nh
P4 m ch yu vn ph thuc vo ng 5v nhiu hn.
ng 3,3v l ngun nui MB v cc card h thng nn b ngun c ng 3,3v n nh
s gip bo m an ton cho thit b.
Tm tnh

Hnh 8: Tn nhit bng Nit lng

Ngi dng my tnh 'chuyn nghip' khng ch coi OC l phng php t mc ch

'chi t c nhiu' m cn bi am m 'ua' Mhz hay im benchmark. Mt khi t
n nh cao ca tc th cng phi c cch no ghi nhn thnh tch. C 2 cch
nh gi: 't c' v 'n nh'.
't c' c ngha l bn vn ti c tc x no nhng ch c th lm mt vi
tc v c bn, chp vi bc hnh hay ly im benchmark khoe bn b. Khi h thng
chy tc qu cao nh vy s gy ri lon, nhng li k l nh t sao ha s lin tc
xut hin khin bn khng bit u m ln... tm li l rt kh chu.

M S T CHUYN MN

Internal Clock Speed: Tc hot ng ca CPU h thng (v d 1.4Ghz hay 2.4Ghz).

Front Side Bus (FSB): Bus truyn d liu ca CPU v h thng.
Multiplier: H s nhn.
Vcore: in th nhn ca CPU.
AGP/PCI Clock: Tc hot ng ca bus PCI v AGP.
Vid: Card mn hnh.
Overclock(OC): p xung.
BOSD (Blue Screen of Death): mn hnh bo li vi mu xanh rt 'd thng' ca
Windows.
Bn ch nn OC ln mc ny trong cc cuc ua tc hay hiu nng ha v bn cn
1 chng trnh nh CPU-Z , WCPUid hay Sisoft Sandra ly thng s.
Trong trng hp ua sc mnh ha th card mn hnh ng vai tr rt quan trng,
bn cn c h thng n nh hn c th vt qua mi th nghim vi 2 chng trnh
c yu thch nht l 3Dmark 2001 v 3D Mark 2003 ca Futuremark. Sau khi c im
bn c th ng k ln bng xp hng trc tuyn (ORB - Online Result Browser) ca
cng ty. Hin ti cuc ua trn ORB c trn 1 triu ngi trn khp th gii tham gia vi
nhiu gii cho cc cu hnh my khc nhau. Vo thi im vit bi ny, ti ang chim v
tr th 2 vi card Ti4200 chy trn nn tt c mi loi CPU. Rt c th khi bn c bi
ny th mt ai t nc khc vt ln nhng iu ch lm cho cuc chi thm phn
th v.
Nu bn thuc 'tip' ngi 'n chc mc bn', mun c mt h thng nhanh nhng phi n
nh lm vic th hy th tnh n nh vi 2 chng trnh kim tra Prime 95 v Super
PI. Mi chng trnh c mt nguyn tc hot ng khc nhau. Vi Prime95, n s t

ng s dng nhng phn CPU rnh ri thc hin cc chui tnh ton nhm lm cho
CPU lun hot ng trong trng thi bn rn (100% usage) trong khi bn vn c th thc
hin nhng cng vic thng nht nh xem phim, son vn bn thm ch chi game. i
vi SuperPI th ngc li: Mt khi c kch hot, chng trnh s thc hin nhng php
tnh rt ln ti hng t con s bt ton b h thng lm vic ht cng sut nhm tm ra
nhng im bt n nh. Nu h thng ca bn c th chu c qu trnh ny t 4-8
ting th c th xem nh n n nh v c th dng chy hng ngy cn nu khng
may gp li th hy gim tc xung mt cht hay tng thm cht t Vcore (in th
nhn CPU) ri th li.

Hnh 9: Mt b tn nhit nc t ch sau khi lp t hon thin

Nhn tin ni ti Vcore (in th nhn CPU) ti cng xin nu mt vi iu: Khi bn tng
tc chip th n s yu cu thm in th c th chy n nh. Vic tng in th ln
qu cao c th gy chy chip nhng hin ti vic ny rt kh xy ra do tt c cc loi MB
u c h thng an ton, tuy nhin nu Vcore cao c th lm chip b qu nng dn ti
mt n nh. Bn c th tm ra nhng con s an ton nht i vi h thng ca mnh theo
quy trnh sau:
1. y CPU ln ht mc cho n khi bt u mt n nh.
2. Tng Vcore ln 1 mc (thng qua BIOS hay jumper trn MB).
Lp li bc 1 v bc 2 cho n khi nhit vt qu gii hn cho php (thng l 6870 C) th tng cng gii php lm mt ri tip tc lp li nh trn. Ni chung trong
iu kin kh hu VN cng nh cc gii php tn nhit hin c th bn khng nn y
Vcore qu 1,85v i vi P4-Northwood v 2,1v i vi AMD T-Bred.

i khi li khng do CPU gy ra m c th do RAM km cht lng. Nhng loi RAM

tt c th 'timming' 2.2.2.5 (con s u l CAS ca RAM, s cui l khong thi
gian gia cc ln np in vo chip nh), nu gp bt n th h xung 2.2.2.7 hay
2.5.3.3.7. Bn khng nn h xung thp hn 3.3.3.8 v nh th h thng ca bn s tr
nn ti t. Cng cn phi lu l i vi Intel th cc thng s ny khng thc s quan
trng nh AMD. Mt hng RAM c th c nhiu l hng s dng cc loi chip nh khc
nhau, tuy nhin bn hy c gng chn la nhng loi RAM dng chip nh Samsung,
Hynix, Winbond hay Infineon l tt nht. i vi RAM ca card mn hnh cng p dng
tng t nhng vi ch s khc. Nhng hng tn tui cng nh dng sn phm cao cp

lun s dng nhng loi chip RAM tt nh lit k trn.

i vi card mn hnh bn cn ch ti con s 'timming' ca RAM, nhng loi tt
thng l -3,3ns (550Mhz-600Mhz) nh GeForce 4 Ti4200-8x, Radeon 9500 Pro,
GeForce4 Ti 4800(/SE), dng sn phm cao cp s dng loi RAM nhanh hn nh -2.8ns
(600-650Mhz) i vi card Ti4600, Radeon 9700 hay thm ch l -2ns nh Geforce FX
5800/5900 Ultra. Khng phi mi sn phm cng loi u ging nhau m phi ty theo
tng l hng, n c nh card Abit Siluro Ti4200-8x OTES vo lc ti mua th s dng
chip RAM Samsung -3.3ns v GPU NV28 Stepping A1 ca nVidia (tng ng loi
dng cho card Ti4800SE) cho tc rt tt nhng khi gii thiu cho mt ngi bn mua
th rt tic li khng may mn nh vy. Chng cng ty no cho bn tho tn nhit ra m
xem bn trong khi mua hng c. Mun p xung card ha bn c kh nhiu la chn:
i vi nhng card s dng GPU ca
nVidia th bn c th dng Rivatuner, Powerstrip, hay n thun l 1 bn patch kch
hot tnh nng p xung trong driver ca nVidia, i vi card dng GPU thuc dng
Radeon ca ATI th bn cng c th dng Rivatuner hay Powerstrip, ngoi ra cn c
Rage3d (www.rage3d.com) hay Radeonator cho ring GPU ATI. Nu bn mi tp tnh
vo ngh th tt nht nn chn Powerstrip v giao din chng trnh n gin v d dng,
cn nu bn t tin mnh vo bn lnh ca mnh th hy chn Rivatuner
(www.nvworld.ru), theo nh gi c nhn ti th y l chng trnh rt chuyn nghip,
nu cha tng lm quen, bn c th b chong ngp trc s lng ln cc thit lp v
thng s l hoc nh ngn ng 'ngoi hnh tinh', v d: 'Enable FOURCC NVHS/NVHU
Textures'... Tc ca card ha c da trn 2 con s vit di dng tc
core/mem, v d vi card Albatron Medusa GeForce 4 Ti4800SE c tc mc nh l
275/550 c ngha tc GPU l 275Mhz cn tc RAM l 550Mhz (DDR). nh
hng ca vic p xung s c thy rt r qua tc dng hnh trong nhng game 3D
cao cp. Tc ca GPU l quan trng nht khi chy ch bnh thng (khng kh
rng ca) cn tc RAM tng ln s em li s ci thin ng k khi bt ch kh
rng ca.
Ngoi ra cn 1 thng s lin quan n card mn hnh m bn nn quan tm l in th
khe AGP (VAGP), thng thng l 1,5v nhng mt s MB cho php y ln 1,6; 1,7, hay
1,8v, tuy nhin ch khi bn nng tc AGP ln cao hn nhiu so vi mc nh th mi
cn quan tm v vic ny s khin cho Northbridge rt nng khin bn li mt cng ngh
cch lm mt m hiu sut ci thin li khng cao.
Nhng b phn cn li tuy khng quan trng nhng bn cng nn chn mua dng cao
cp nu c iu kin v khi OC tt c mi thnh phn h thng u chy nhanh hn, nu
thit b km cht lng s khng tr ni v hng bt c lc no. c bit l cng, nu
c iu kin hy mua loi Seagate Barracuda 4/5 hay Maxtor Plus Series, Western Digital
8MB Cache. Dung lng ca chng khng quan trng, hy chn loi c tc quay
7200rpm tr ln c hiu nng cao nht.
Tm li, nu bn chn c ng nhng linh kin tt th vic p xung h thng chy

khong 150% l nm trong tm tay. Hin nhng h thng chy khong 200% khng
cn l chuyn him.