By:

Ar. Vikas Kumar Nirmal

 A Reinforced Concrete Slab is the one of the most important component in a

building. It is a structural element of modern buildings. Slabs are supported
on Columns and Beams.
RCC Slabs whose thickness ranges from 10 to 50 centimetres are most often
used for the construction of floors and ceilings.
Thin concrete slabs are also used for exterior paving purpose.

Construction Process
A concrete slab can be cast in two ways: It could either be prefabricated or
cast in situ.
Prefabricated concrete slabs are cast in a factory and then transported to the
site ready to be lowered into place between steel or concrete beams.
They may be pre-stressed (in the factory), post-stressed (on site), or
unstressed. Care should be taken to see that the supporting structure is built
to the correct dimensions to avoid trouble with the fitting of slabs over the
supporting structure.
In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork.
Formwork is a box-like setup in which concrete is poured for the construction
of slabs.
For reinforced concrete slabs, reinforcing steel bars are placed within the
formwork and then the concrete is poured.
Plastic tipped metal, or plastic bar chairs are used to hold the reinforcing
steel bars away from the bottom and sides of the form-work, so that when
the concrete sets it completely envelops the reinforcement.

Types of Slabs
Flat Slab:
A flat slab is a one-way or two-way system with thickenings in the slab at the
columns and load bearing walls called drop panels
Advantages:
Simple formwork
No beams
Minimum structural depth
Doesnt require shear reinforcement
Disadvantages:
Medium spans
Generally not suitable for supporting brittle (masonry) partitions
Drop panels may interfere with larger mechanical ducting
Vertical penetrations need to avoid area around columns
For reinforced flat slabs, deflection at the middle strip may be critical.

Types of Slabs
Ribbed and waffle slabs
Ribbed and waffle slabs provide a lighter and stiffer slab than an equivalent
flat slab, reducing the extend of foundations. They provide a very good form
where slab vibration is an issue, such as laboratories and hospitals.
Benefits
Flexible
Relatively light, therefore less foundation costs and longer spans are
economic speed of construction
Fairly slim floor depths
Robustness
Excellent vibration control
Thermal mass
Good for services integration
Durable finishes
Fire resistance

Types of Slabs
Corrugated, usually where the concrete is poured into a corrugated steel
tray. This improves strength and prevents the slab bending under its own
weight. The corrugations run across the short dimension, from side to
side.

Reinforcement Design in Slabs

A one way slab has structural strength in shortest direction.
Main reinforcement should be along slabs short direction.
A two way slab has structural strength in two directions.
Main reinforcement runs both in short and long direction and stay
perpendicularly with one another.

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