Excretion and Waste Management Test Review

TEST DATE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2014

The following questions summarize the material weve covered from November 24 up until December 10.
Completing the questions alone will help you review the content that will be tested, but you should also be
reviewing all the notes, the labs, and assignments completed.
The test will consist of a mix of multiple choice and short answer questions.
Define excretion.
Be prepared to label all structures discussed in this unit.
Metabolic Waste Products
1. List the four metabolic waste products of the human body.
2. Why is excrement (feces) not considered a waste product of the human body?
3. What is water and carbon dioxide a waste product of?
4. What is nitrogenous waste and what does it include?
5. What are mineral salts a waste product of?
6. Why is ammonia bad for the human body and how does the body get rid of it?
7. Write the equation for cellular respiration.
Major Excretory Structures
8. List the three major organs responsible for excretion.
9. What does the skin excrete and how does it do this?
10. What are the components of sweat?
11. What are some possible health benefits of sauna therapy? How?
12. What do the lungs excrete and how do they do this?
13. How is the liver involved in excretion?
Urinary System
14. List the four main components of the urinary system and the function of each.
15. Identify the major structures of the kidney and the function of each.
16. Through what structure does urine exit the body and what is this process called?
17. What two muscular structures are responsible for the flow of urine? How do they work?
18. Name four parts of blood the kidneys are responsible for regulating.
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
19. What is the nephron?
20. Identify the six structures of the nephron and the function of each. Be able to follow that path
filtrate takes through the nephron.
21. Identify and describe the function of the six structures that are involved with blood supply of the
nephron.
22. Define filtrate and identify the substances that are part of its makeup.
23. Differentiate between active and passive transport in excretion, give an example of each.

24. Discuss filtration in terms of the location in the nephron and what substances are filtered out of the
blood.
25. Discuss Reabsorption in terms of location in the nephron and what substances are re absorbed
back into the blood.
26. Discuss secretion in terms of location in the nephron and what substances are involved.
27. Be able to follow the path of blood through the vessels around the nephron.
Water Balance and Blood Pressure
28. What is ADH?
29. What triggers ADH release in the body? What does ADH regulate?
30. What happens when an ADH-inhibitor like alcohol is consumed?
31. What is aldosterone?
32. Describe the events in the hormone-enzyme cascade activation of aldosterone.
33. How do the kidneys regulate water balance?
34. How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
35. Describe negative feedback in terms of hydration and dehydration and ADH production and
release in the body? (Draw out feedback loop)
Urinalysis
36. Identify the five tests associated with urinalysis and describe the purpose of each.
Kidney Diseases
37. Identify the three specific disorders related to the kidney and excretory system and be prepared to
discuss at least two of them in detail.