The Nine Abdominal Regions

Right Hypochondriac
Digestive:
Liver
Gall Bladder
Small Intestine
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Endocrine:
Right Kidney
Excretory:
Right Kidney

Right Lumbar
Digestive:
Liver (tip)
Gall Bladder
Small Intestine
Ascending Colon
Endocrine:
Right Kidney
Excretory:
Right Kidney

Right Iliac
Digestive:
Small Intestine
Appendix
Cecum & Ascending Colon
Endocrine:
Right Ovary (Females)
Reproductive:
Female Right Ovary
Right Fallopian Tube
Male NONE

Epigastric
Digestive:
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Transverse Colon
Endocrine:
Right & Left Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Right & Left Kidneys
Excretory:
Right & Left Kidneys
Right & Left Ureters
Lymphatic:
Spleen
Umbilical
Digestive:
Stomach
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Transverse Colon
Endocrine:
Pancreas
Right & Left Kidneys
Excretory:
Right & Left Kidneys
Right & Left Ureters
Lymphatic:
Cisterna chyli
Hypogastric
Digestive:
Small Intestine
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Endocrine:
Right & Left Ovaries (Fem.)
Excretory:
Right & Left Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Reproductive:
Female Uterus *
Right & Left Ovaries
Right & Left Fallopian Tubes
Male Vas Deferens
Seminal Vessicle
Prostate

Left Hypochondriac
Digestive:
Stomach
Liver (tip)
Pancreas (tail of)
Small Intestine
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Endocrine:
Pancreas
Left Kidney
Excretory:
Left Kidney
Lymphatic:
Spleen

Left Lumbar
Digestive:
Small Intestine
Descending Colon
Endocrine:
Left Kidney (tip)
Excretory:
Left Kidney (tip)

Left Iliac
Digestive:
Small Intestine
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Endocrine:
Left Ovary (Females)
Reproductive:
Female Left Ovary
Left Fallopian Tube
Male NONE

The Four Abdominal Quadrants

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
Liver: right lobe
Liver: left lobe
Gallbladder
Spleen
Duodenum: parts 1-3
Stomach
Pancreas: head
Jejunum and proximal ileum
Right suprarenal gland
Pancreas: body and tail
Right kidney
Left kidney
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Left suprarenal gland
Ascending colon: superior part
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Transverse colon: right half
Transverse colon: left half
Descending colon: superior part
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Descending colon: inferior part
Most of ileum
Left ovary
Ascending colon: inferior part
Left uterine tube
Right ovary
Left ureter: abdominal part
Right uterine tube
Left spermatic cord:
Right ureter: abdominal part
abdominal part
Right spermatic cord:
Uterus (if enlarged)
abdominal part
Urinary bladder (if very full)
Uterus (if enlarged)
Urinary bladder (if very full)

Boundary
Posterior wall

BOUNDARIES OF INGUINAL CANAL

Deep Ring/Lateral Third
Middle Third
Transversalis fascia
Transversalis fascia

Anterior wall

Internal oblique plus lateral crus

of aponeurosis of external
oblique

Aponeurosis of external oblique

(lateral crus and intercrural fibers)

Roof

Transversalis fascia

Floor

Iliopubic tract

Musculoaponeurotic arches of
internal oblique and transverse
abdominal
Inguinal ligament

Lateral Third/Superficial Ring

Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon) plus
reflected inguinal ligament
Aponeurosis of external oblique
(intercrural fibers), with fascia of
external oblique continuing
onto cord as external spermatic fascia
Medial crus of aponeurosis of
external
oblique
Lacunar ligament

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF JEJUNUM AND ILEUM

Characteristic
Jejunum
Ileum
Color
Deeper red
Paler pink
Caliber
2-4 cm
2-3cm
Wall
Thick and Heavy
Thin and Light
Vascularity
Greater
Less
Vasa recta
Long
Short
Arcades
A few large loops
Many short loops
Fat in mesentery
Less
More
Circular folds (plicae circulares)
Large, tall, closely packed
Low and sparse, absent in distal part
Lymphoid nodules (Peyers Patches)
Few
Many

DECIDUOUS AND PERMANENT TEETH

Deciduous Teeth
Eruption (months)
Shedding (years)

Central Incisor
6-8
6-7

Lateral Incisor
8-10
7-8

Canine
16-20
10-12

Permanent Teeth

Central Incisor

Lateral Incisor

Canine

Eruption (years)

7-8

8-9

10-12

1st Molar
12-16
9-11
1st
Premolar
10-11

2nd Molar
20-24
10-12
2nd
Premolar
11-12

rd

1st Molar

2nd Molar

3 Molar

6-7

12

13-25