Diagram beside shows the structure of

HIV. The virus infects helper T cells of

the human s immune system that
caused AIDS, Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome.

i) Descibe the effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the bodys
defence mechanism.( 6 marks )
ii) Suggest ways to prevent the spread of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS). ( 4 marks )

ANSWERS
2 (i) - HIV infects helper T cells.
- Helper T cells are essential to activate other lymphocytes in the bodys defence mechanism
against diseases.
- There may be a long incubation period of several years for the virus before the symptoms
appear.
- The immune system of the infected person gradually becomes weakened and defenceless
against many pathogens.
- HIV also attacks the central nervous system.
- There is weight loss and a decrease in the function of the nervous system.

(ii) - By practice sexual abstinence or only having sexual relationship with one partner.
- Use condom during copulation/sexual relationship.
- Set up centres to exchange free sterile syringe and needles for used ones to reduce the
practice of sharing needles amongst drug users.
- Strict screening of blood before it is used for transfusion.
-Carry out awareness campaigns to educate public and schoolchildren about the dangers of
AIDS.

- Proper counseling provided to HIV positive person so that they do not spread the
virus to other healthy people.