Toksikodinamik

Andhika Puspito Nugroho

Dalam tubuh organisme, polutan mengalami fase kinetik

(toksikokinetik) dan dinamik (toksikodinamik).
Toksikodinamik merupakan interaksi polutan dengan sel,
jaringan atau organ, dalam bentuk respon toksik.

Fase dinamik dapat dibedakan menjadi

Reaksi polutan dengan reseptor atau organ target
Respon biokimiawi
Efek yang dapat diobservasi

Toksikodinamik
Toxicant or toxic metabolite

Primary reaction
Toxicant + receptor modified receptor

Biochemical effect
Enzyme inhibition
Cell membrane disruption
Malfunction of protein biosynthesis
Disruption of lipid metabolism
Disruption of carbohydrate metabolism
Inhibition of respiration (O2 utilization)

Behavioural or physiological response

Alteration of vital signs

Central nervous system
Teratogenesis
Mutagenesis
Carcinogenesis
Effects on immune system

Insang hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in the
number of cells in the gills.
Distal Hyperplasia - is the
thickening of the epithelium tissue
at the very tip of lamellae, giving
the appearance of a club.
Basal Hyperplasia - is the
thickening of the epithelium tissue
near the base of the lamellae.
Fish gill with hyperplasia. The gill
filaments are swollen and clumped
together, reducing the fish's ability to
'breath'.

Insang epithelium lifting

Eplithelium Lifting occurs
when the epithelium
layer of the gills
seperates from the gill
lamellae.

Insang Fusion
Fusion is when two or
more lamellae, which are
normally individual
structures, grow or fuse
together, restricting the
passage of air.