Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2.Water washing Procedure in Turbocharger both turbine side and Blower side .
Reeds book. General
4.Difference Between M/E and G/E Governor and reason. Why constant speed for A/E
Main engine it is important to maintain a constant load, speed is not a criteria. Hence the function of the governor is to maintain a constant load.
Where as the generator fitted on board the main function is to maintain a constant frequency thus depended on the rpm of the gen thus the governor
fitted on the generator is constant speed. According to the IACS the governor fitted on the generator should prevent transient frequency variation in
electrical equipment should not be more than 10% of the rated frequency.
7.Why do we heat fuel oil and why is it desirable to have less viscous fuel.
Viscosity is the measure of the internal resistance to flow. Viscosity depends on the temperature and the temperature increase the viscosity decrease in
case of fuel oil. Viscosity is measured in centistrokes. When the viscosity of the fuel oil is high it is difficult to pump and also transfer the oil. In case of
engine the high viscosity will lead to improper atomization and also high penetration thus resulting in increase in carbon deposit, crown burning increase
wear and also maintenance cost. Thus we need to heat the fuel such that the inlet viscosity of the fuel is around 12cst. for proper combustion.
Before cleaning ensure the drains are open and the clear
Open the turbocharger drain to prevent water from entering.
Ensure the tan drain are closed and if the eductor system is used all valves are closed.
use only fresh water for washing.
Washing should be carried out only after the EGB has be sufficiently cooled and the circulating pump is switched off.
Ensure spare manhole gasket is available on board.
Gas inlet to the EGB from the turbocharger should be covered with canvas.
Avoid EGB cleaning if the ship might proceed in a narrow passage as the spark will be evident during narrow passage.
Function 6:
1.Diiference Between Vane and Ram type Steering Gear
Basically there r 2 types of electrohydrualic steering gear. Rotary vane type and Ram type steering gear. Ram type steering gear uses cylinder and high
pressure oil acting on the piston arrangement. The piston is connected to the ram, ram connected to the tiller. Tiller connected to the rudder stock which
creates the rudder movement. In the vane steering uses the high pressure
Acting the the side of the vane. In the rotary vane unlike ram type type the vanes or directly connected to the boss which fixed with the rudder stock in
turn moving the rudder.
The pump should be stopped, vaccum released and the FWG is drained. Shell cover opened.
Measurements have to be taken from the end plate to the shell or to the end to the bolt and these measurements are noted for reference.
The end plate nuts have to be loosened evenly and the end plate removed
Now the plates have to be removed and care should be taken to note the order of the plates arrangements
After cleaning the plates all the gaskets to be checked and the plates arranged in the same order as taken out.
End plates put back and the bolts evenly tightened to the measurements which was taken before.
Now the JCW inlet to the FWG is opened slowly and then evaporator is checked for leakages.
Then same procedure is carried out for the condenser.
4.Refrigerator suction pipe cold and iceing is found on the pipe surface What is the reason
5.Compressor valve leaking how will u find and what is the tool used for lapping
By conducting performance test. Time taken for filling the air bottle from 24bar- 30bar is noted and kept as reference any increase in time will
indicate valve leakage.
By measuring the air outlet temperature of the compressor.
After taking the valve carry out a leak test or Persian blue test on the valve plate and the valve seat.
It is called as lapping tool in general but I dont know the right name.
19/09/2013
Function applied: 3 & 4b
Surveyor: Mrsenthilkumar sir
Function 3:
1.What is bonjean curve?
a curve formed by plotting transverse sectional areas measured up to each waterline against a vertical axis representing the waterline; thus the horizontal
distance measured from the curve to the vertical axis gives the area of the section from the baseline to that particular waterline; usually sets of curves are
obtained for each section; these curves facilitate immersed volume to be obtained for waterlines that are not parallel to baseline
2.What happens to draft when ship sail from fresh water to sea water, why, if density change will mass change?
Density =mass/volume. Mass remains a constant thus density is inversely proportional to the volume. Thus when the density increase the volume
decreases and when the density decreases the volume increases. Volume is given by the formula L*B*Draft. Thus in this we can get the change of volume
is due to the change in the draft.
4.Annex 1: discharge criteria? Engine room & pump room discharge criteria ?
Discharges outside special areas
2. Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions
are satisfied:
.6. the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and control system and a slop tank arrangement.
any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited while in a special area
6.What is TPC?
Tonnes per centimeter is defined as the tons loaded or discharged from a ship in order to change the draft by 1cm in salt water. It enables the master to
make a quick calculation mainly in case of fire on board. Knowing the no of hose used for fire fighting and the dia of the nozzles the mass of water
entering or used for fighting fire can be known then change in trim can be calculated. Quickly.
Function 4b:
1.What is mean effective pressure?
Is a valuable measurement of the engines capacity to do work that is independent of the engine displacement. It is also called as the average pressure
exerted on the piston during the power stroke. Mean effective pressure depends on the compression ratio, timing of fuel injection, amount of fuel injected
for combustion.
Scavenge space to be consider as enclosed spaces hence permit has to be obtained and the atmosphere tested.
Piston ring inspection for intact ring, carbon deposit, free movement. Position of the butt to be noted and checked each time to find out the ring
is rotating or not, measure the butt clearance if possible. If the piston rings r black its a indication of blow back.
Liner to be inspected, machining marks to be seen, cylinder lubricated manual this is checked. General condition of the exhaust valve and fuel
injected can be seen.
Water mist catcher inspection for corrosion, cracks and drain to be free
Date: 20/09/13
Internal: choudhry
Applied: all function
Function 3:
1.annex 6 reg, documents carried
Annex 6 mainly deals with
Ozone depletion.
ISM became mandatory in 1998. ISM consist of two parts Part A and Part B
Part A are mandatory and consist of 12 elements
Part B are certification and verification.
Documents carried are DOC which is issued to the company and renewed at a period of 5yrs, a copy of DOC kept on boad ship. SMC is issued to ship and
renewed at a period of 5 yrs. (DOC- Documents of compliance, SMC- safety management certificate).
Master accommodation
Crew accommodation
Wheel house, chart room, radio room and navigation aids room
Displacement- the mass of the ship and everything it contains. A ship has different valves of displacement at different draughts.
Function 4b
1.cyl l.o properties.
Adequate viscosity at working temperature which enables the oil to spreads over the entire liner surface.
Alkalinity level must match the acidityof the oil being burnt
Detergency and dispersancy properties in order to hold the deposit in suspension thus keeping the surface clean
3.viscosity index:
Is the arbitrary measure for the change of viscosity with variation in temperature. The lower viscosity index the greater the change in viscosity of the oil
with temperature. The viscosity index has be set up by Society of automotive engineer(SAE).
4.prismatic co efficient.
The ratio of the volume of displacement of a ship to that of a prism equal in length to the distance between perpendiculars of the ship and in cross section
to that of the immersed midship section.
Function 5:
1.battery room safeties
Refer Mac George book.
2.alternator maintenance,
Isolate the alternator and also the space heater.
Check the wiring for damages, tightness of the connection, and condition of the insulation.
Signs of oil and water on the terminal connection.
Air intake filter to be changed.
Cleaning of the stator winding and rotor winding.
Check for minor abrasion can be repaired by application of dry varnish.
Insulation testing of stator and rotor winding after the disconnection of the electronic equipments.
Air gap measurement 1.5 to 2.5 mm max.
Function 6:
1.fwg s not producing vacuum, y?
Aux. connection such as vacuum gauge, temperature gauge etc are leaking.
Eductor chocked.
2.purifier s vibrating, y
The main reason for purifier are
Too much sludge deposit.
Bearing worn out.(vertical shaft bearing)
If the purifier has been opened for overhaul then improper boxing up of the bowl not following the markings.
Filter chocked.
20/09/13
SERVEYOR : P.O SEKHAR
FUN 6
1.PROCEDURE FOR TAKING TAPPET CLEARANCE FOR NO:5 UNIT ? NO FLYWHEEL MARKING , NO FUEL
PUMP MARKING ...
Open the cam case and when the fuel cam reaches its top, indicates the unit is in its firing stroke or compression stroke. During this period the inlet and
exhaust valve are in closed position. This can be checked by rotating the push rods inlet and exhaust valve these push rod must be free to rotate. With
this position the tappet clearance can be taken.
MMD Chennai:
Date:20.09.2013
External:Mr.Gopikrishna&Mr.Choudary
Internal: Nil
F3:
1.Dead weight, Light weight, Displacement,
Light weight- is the mass of the empty ship, without stores, fuel, water, crew or their effect.
Dead weight- the mass of cargo, fuel, water, stores etc.. a ship carries. The deadweight is the difference between the displacement and the lightweight.
Displacement-the mass of the ship and everything it contain.
5. Annex 6, NOX & SOX values. Allowable values of Nox& Sox in normal & special areas.
Tier I
constructed on or after 1 January 2000 and prior to 1 January 2011 is prohibited, except when the emission of nitrogen oxides (calculated as the total
weighted emission of NO2) from the engine is within the following limits, where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per minute):
.2. 44 n(-0.23) g/kWh when n is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm;
.3. 7.7 g/kWh when n is 2,000 rpm or more.
Tier III
constructed on or after 1 January 2016:
.1. is prohibited except when the emission of nitrogen oxides (calculated as the total weighted emission of NO2) from the engine is within the following
limits, where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per minute):
6. For the purposes of this regulation, emission control areas shall be:
.1. the North American area, which means the area described by the coordinates provided in appendix VII to this Annex; and
.2. any other sea area, including any port area, designated by the Organization.
General Requirements
1. The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits:
.1. 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012;
.2. 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and
.3. 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.
2. The worldwide average sulphur content of residual fuel oil supplied for use on board ships shall be monitored taking into account guidelines developed
by the Organization. see footnote
3. For the purpose of this regulation, emission control areas shall include:
.1. the Baltic Sea area and the North Sea
.2. the North American area; and
.3. any other sea area, including any port area, designated by the Organization
4. While ships are operating within an emission control area, the sulphur content of fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits:
.1. 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010;
.2. 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010; and
.3. 0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015.
Fn 4B:
1.What is back pressure valve in refrigeration plant.
The ref gas used on board the ship has the ability to bring the temp of less than -22oc. but in case of the veg room the temp required is around +4oc. thus
it is not required to allow the ref gas to expand. Since saturating temp is directly proportional to saturation pressure. Thus back pressure valve is used to
restrict the pressure drop so that the desired temp is obtained. When the pressure is increased by back pressure valve the temp required to evaporate the
ref liq is also increased. This is the main reason for using back pressure valve in veg room. In some text book they also say that the back pressure valve
also prevents the back flow of ref from meat and fish room into veg room. Since the temp required for the veg is less hence the solenoid valve is shut
when the meat room and fish room temp is not attained then there can be a flow of ref gas from these room into veg room.
F5:
What is brushless generator.
Mac George.
Overload alarm
Single phasing protection.
Emergency power source.
Power failure alarm.
Automatic change over of motor.
Thicker windings for the motor, motor will burn out on overload but will not trip.
.4. intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp, the ships whistle, the manually operated call points and all internal signals that are required in an
emergency;
Alternator specification
Ship specific.
F6
Boiler gauge glass blow down procedure.
Ref reeds
surveyor: Mr.Chowdary&Mr.Gopikrishna
date:20/09/13
function3:
1. Bulkcarrier safeties
Solars chapter XII deals with additional safeties for bulk carrier
It main deals with 8 main points.
Damage stability(L>150 m, ship remains afloat even with one cargo hold full flooded with cargo density >1000Kg/m3)
Structural strength
Stability booklet(should be provided with damage stability booklet)
Water ingress alarm( two alarm 1) 0.5 m from bottom and 15% or not more than 2m from bottom in the cargo hold,
2) Tanks fwd of collision bkd with a alarm of 10% of the tank capacity. Alarm location bridge)
Loadicator. (L>150 m provided with software for calculating the stree and strain on the griders)
Dewatering for comparements.(should facilitate remote operation of v/v from bridge/ctrl room for pumping out of water in
hold or tanks fwd of collision bkd)
Solid cargos density declaration (prior loading the shipper to declare the density of the cargo)
ESP(enhanced survey program)(L>150m and 10 yrs and above)
Cargo density of the tanker is more or less equal to the sea water density whereas cargo density in bulk carrier is more than 1000kg/m3
Longitudual framing in oil tankers whereas in bulk carriers are transverse framed becos of hold space openings
Cargo spaces water ingress chances are less as the deck opening are small in oil tankers whereas in bulk carrier deck open in form of hatches
are large hence chance of water ingress is more,
Permeability of the cargo space in oil tanker is almost zero but in case of bulk carrier it is considered 0.65-0.90 depending on cargo. Thus in case
of water there is added weight.
function 4b:
1. why generator exhaust gas temperature going high for a particular unit reasons.
function 5:
1. How many methods of paralling.
There are 2 main method for paralleling on board
Synchronoscope.
We can also lamp method and also voltmeter for paralleling only as a emergency method.
fuction 6:
4. M/E not starting while giving air, reasons.
Indicator valves not activated not allowing the engine to get Ready To Start signal.(mainly due to vibration, loose connection)
7. Define atomisation.
Atomization is the process of splitting the fuel oil into smaller size. Which enables the fuel oil to mix well with the air for good combustion in the engine.
Date: 23-9-2013
Function :3,4b
Surveyor: mathews,gopiKrishnan,reddy
Function 3..mathews,gopiKrishnan,reddy.
Marpol-describe generally. Annex
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and covered pollution by OIL
, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. The Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held
in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977.
As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. The combined instrument is
referred to as the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto
(MARPOL 73/78), and it entered into force on 2 October 1983.
MARPOL 73/78
Has two protocol Protocol I and protocol II
Protocol I
Mainly deals with the types of reporting and reporting procedures.
This marine environmental convention consists of six implemented annexes for controlling and eliminating of marine pollution. They are as follows:
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex
Annex
Draw the collision bulkhead for your ship(PCC), water tight doors..arrangements...packing material that makes it weather
tight? Wer cab u find these water tight doors. Draw the dog handle.
ALL given in reed naval book
COLLISION BH REGULATION
SUMMARY
-
Overspeed trip
Lo high temp
OMD alarm
Safety devices
Safeties between automatic air start valve to main engine staring air valve.
Flame trap
Drain v/v
Bleed v/v
Bursting disc.
Boiler mountings-reasons for high water level alarm-what happens if the water level of the boiler is high-flame failure alarms
reasons-draw the smoke furnace of the smoke tube boiler.
Boiler mounting are those items which are necessary for safe boiler operation
Pressure gauge
Safety v/v
Gauge glass
Fusible plug
Vent.
If 2 boiler have common blow down v/v and both are leaking then there is reason for high level
If the chemical dosing pot line has been left in opened position.
If steam is used as atomizing steam for the burner then the flame becomes unsteady
In case of superheaters water carried with the steam cause scale formation in the superheater tube and can lead to tube failure
In case steam turbine are used then water carried causes damage to the turbine.
Flame failure
Significance of firing order and firing order of my engine-explain -load variation among cylinders-how to find-what all effect it
will have-why pressure is more important inside cylinder-why we take indicator cards-procedure of taking the same.
Marine engine firing order is designed to distribute the engine power on the crankshaft bearings evenly. It should also be the optimum firing order to
ensure the least engine vibration through balancing the power output along with consideration given to torsion and axial characteristics. The firing order of
these engines depends on the number of cylinders and the approach to vibration and fatigue taken by the engine designer and manufactures
Torsional Vibration caused by the reciprocating components, this is a highly undesirable condition in a marine engine. Not only for the comfort of
passenger and crew, but also for the durability of the engine through undue fatigue.
2. Engine Balance
Imbalance of components is once again the cause of fatigue of the rotating components, especially the crankshaft. It is imperative that the firing order
compliments not only the balancing of the components, but balances the power output from the cylinders spreading the load over the length of the
crankshaft.
3. Gas Forces
Enormous gas forces are produced in the cylinders on the compression/firing stroke. These create individual cylinder torque characteristics that are
transmitted downwards into the engine block, and bedplate via the main crankshaft bearings.
MAN-B&W 6S60MC 6 cylinder, 2 stroke, reversible, slow speed marine diesel engine - firing order 1,5,3,4,2,6.
cylinder pressure is the constantly changing pressure inside the cylinder. There are certain characteristics of this pressure which people may want
identified, like peak (maximum) cylinder pressure near TDC, or peak cranking compression pressure (pressure at TDC without combustion), or average
cylinder pressure (IMEP, indicated mean effective pressure). They are all just measures of cylinder pressure at certain times (or averaged over certain
times). These in turn give the condition of combustion inside the cylinder. Condition of fuel injector, exhaust valve, and also timings.
Air compressor-safeties-air bottle safeties-why we require fusible plugs-purpose of bursting disc-purpose of unloader-un loader
not working. How will you start the compressor manualy.
Air compressor safeties
Overload protection.
JW high temp
JW low press
Bursting disc
Relief v/v
Unloader
Auto cut-off/cut-in
Auto-Drain v/v
Fusible plug
Relief v/v
The main purpose of fusible plug is in case of fire in the engine if we are not able to release the air press manual due to heat the air press in the bottle will
increase and will lead to bottle rupture and also releasing more air into the engine thus reducing the efficiency of the fixed fire extinguisher such as CO2.
With help of fusible plug when the temp raises the fusible plug melts and release air to the deck by means of piping thus prevent the release of air in the
engine
Unloader is mainly used for reducing the load on the motor during starting since the starting of the motor at the time of start is nearly 6 times the normal
running load.
If the un-loader is faulty then after each stage there is a intercooler with manual drain valve connected to the auto drain v/v the connection has to be
removed and the manual v/v has to be operated manual. To be kept open at the start and close during running. And kept open at stop condition.
Compressor at this stage has to be started and stopped manually not in auto.
date 24-09-13
function 3 nd 5.. Mr.Venugopal
func 3..
3. draw and explain plimsoll load line??
Cargo ship safety certificate(Safety construction, safety equipment, safety radio certificates)
Certificate of insurance
ISSP
SOPEP.
8. SCBA?? construction , safety and capacity.. (nearlly 10 cross question.. like quantity in litres ? y? duration ?? how wil u plan
ur rescue in pump room task for 20 mins??
Each cylinder is charged to a press of 200bar and contains enough air to sustain a app. 20 mins at hard working rate or 40 min if he is at rest. A reducing
valve, set at a press of about 5.5 bar is fitted on the cylinder outlet pipe together with a press gauge and also a bypass valve. A non return valve in the
face mask permits the expulsion of air. Capacity of the bottle in litres is 1800 L.
The warning device shall activate at a predetermined pressure (usually 55+/-5 bar) which will alert the user before the volume of the air in the cylinder
has been reduced to no less than 200 litres.
Duration of the BA cylinder is given by the D = P * C/ 40 * N (p-pressure, c-capacity, n-charging pressure)
Made from steel alloys.
Improved measures to prevent fraudulent practices associated with certificates of competency and strengthen the evaluation process
(monitoring of Parties' compliance with the Convention);
Revised requirements on hours of work and rest and new requirements for the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse, as well as updated
standards relating to medical fitness standards for seafarers;
New requirements relating to training in modern technology such as electronic charts and information systems (ECDIS);
New requirements for marine environment awareness training and training in leadership and teamwork;
Updating of competence requirements for personnel serving on board all types of tankers, including new requirements for personnel serving on
liquefied gas tankers;
New requirements for security training, as well as provisions to ensure that seafarers are properly trained to cope if their ship comes under
attack by pirates;
Introduction of modern training methodology including distance learning and web-based learning;
New training guidance for personnel serving on board ships operating in polar waters; and
COW
An examination of the Crude Oil Washing System (COW) should be carried out and should include external examination of the system including pump,
piping, valves & deck-mounted washing machines for leakage, corrosion/wastage, wear & tear. Where water washing is also fitted, check that provision
for isolating steam heaters is operational during crude oil washing. Check that relief valve is fitted for COW pump. Check the operation of COW machines,
if practicable during survey.
CARGO AND BUNKER
Check the function of emergency stopping device for cargo pumps from control station & pump room.
Check that arrangements to prevent spillage of oil, especially at bunkering stations, tanker manifolds, save all trays around F.O tank air pipes etc.
func 5..
1. alternator safety? 3. safeties in generator and trip ??? explain all the trip and how will u test all trips like preferential trip,
overload trip, short circuit and others too
OCIT(over current inverse time relay): monitors general balanced overloading and has current/time setting.
OC(over current inst.): instantaneous trip to protect against extremely high overcurrent caused by short circuit fault.
NPS(negative phase sequence) relaydetermines the amount of unbalance in the stator current which is an indirect measure the generator stator and
rotator temp. A relatively small unbalance cause a significant increased temp rise
DIFF(differential measurement) of current at each end of the stator phase winding. This comparison of current is to detect an internal fault in the stator
winding which may be caused by partially short-circuited coil turns and or earth fault
EL(earth leakage) detects fault current returning back through the earthed neutral connection. In ships HV generator system the earth fault current is
limited by a high impedance or earthing transformer so the pick up current setting is very low.
UV/OV(under/over voltage) monitored by the relay to prevent under/over voltage
UF/OF(under/over frequency) monitored by relays to protect the generator from under/over frequency
RP(reserve power) generator intended to run in parallel must have reserve power protection. This monitors the direction of the power flow from generator
to load . if the prime mover act as a motor the relay would detect this fault and acts to trip the generator.
OCIT and preferential trip are same they are mainly to maintain continuous power supply to equipment which are necessary for safe navigation of a ship.
All non essential equipments trip such as deck m/c, galley equipments, etc.
2. generator principle
Generator works on the electromagnetic induction principle. When rotating a coil in a magnetic field or rotating the magnetic field around a stationary coil
will induce a emf in the coil the voltage induced will depend on the No of coils, Strength of the magnetic field, The speed at which the coil/magnetic field is
rotated.
5. transformer principle??
Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. When the current in the primary is changed the flux linkage with the secondary also changes,
which induces a flux in the secondary. Transformer is mainly used for step up/step down the voltage without any change in frequency.
6. AVR circuit diagram ??explain each component and trace its current flow with arrow mark?
Given in Mac George book.
applied 3, 4b, 5
Internal: Senthilkumar
External: T Mohan
Func 3
Q HwWil u convert 1 Teu into kg
1 TEU is twenty foot equivalent unit which is used to measure the ships cargo carrying capacity. The max gross mass of a twenty foot container would be
24000 kg
Q admiralty coefficient
Admiralty coefficient is a constant given to a ship. It relates the displacement of the ship speed and power.
Admiralty coefficient = displacement
(2/3)
*speed3
Power
Q wen a mass of D is added to fwd of d ship wat s d formula of centre of gravity shift
Whenever a mass is added to the ship the center of gravity moves in the direction of the mass added and shift in the center of gravity is given by the
formula
GG1 =
Mass*distance
Displacement
Q wen a longitudinal division s introduced to counter free surface effect HwWil u put it in a formula
If a tank is sub-divided by n longitudinal forming equal tk then
GG1
1
(n+1)2
lb3
12Volume
Q fire control plan wat all wil b der... wil u find lifeboat station in plan?
As per the solas all ship must have a general arrangement plans shall be permanently exhibited for the guidance of ships officers showing clearing for
each deck, the ctrl stations, various fire section enclosed by class A division and class B division sprinkler installations, the fire fighting appliances, means
of access to different compartment, deck etc ventallation arrangement for the compartment, including the ctrl position for the ventilation. Any alteration
also shall be included in the plan. A copy of these plan must be also kept either side of the deck house also for the shore side fire fighting personnel
Func 4b
Q draw mechAnical seal n explain
Mac George
Q why scavenging is required
For a better combustion of fuel OIL inside a marine diesel engine, an adequate supply of fresh air is needed. The method by which sufficient amount of air
is provided to the engine's cylinder is known as scavenging. Scavenging also helps in remove of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber.
Scavenging is generally provided by the engine's turbo-charging system. The more efficient the scavenging, the better is the fuel combustion and power
output of the engine.Turbochargers are provided with the engine to use the exhaust gases in order to supply a consistent flow of fresh air inside the main
engine.
Func 5
Q conditions for paralleling? wathpns wen u synchronize out of phase?
There are four main condition for paralleling.
Voltage to be same
Frequency to be same
Phase connection should be same(i.e R-R, Y-Y, B-B)
Phase sequence should be same.
At 11 o clock then breaker is pushed so that that the at 12 o clock position the breaker closes.
When the phase sequence is not same that is when R phase of the incoming generator doesnt reaches it max when the R phase of the bus bar reaches
max and then incoming generator is made to synchronize then a large current flows in-between the incoming generator and the bus bar. This current
tends to speed up the incoming generator but this in turn slows the generator on load. If the difference in phase is too large then the breaker will trip
resulting in black out.
Q msb safeties
Ebonite rod
Rubber mat in front of the MSB
Rear side at a space of 0.6m for passage and also a rubber mat
Dead front/ Power off before opening the panel.
Fuse/ Circuit breakers
Earth fault indicator.
Panel door earthed
No oil/water/steam line passing over the switchboard
Overcurrent trip/ preferential trip
Q hwwil u take insulation test in alternator? wat precautions u ll take prior insulation test
Measure the insulation of the stator and the rotor winding to the earth and between stator phase (assuming the netural point is available for disconnection
at the terminal box).
Precaution to be taken while insulation test is to remember to disconnect or short-circuit any electronic components which are likely to be damaged by
high voltage insulation test. Consult the wiring diagram and manufacture instruction before testing.
Date: 24/09
fun 6:
P.O. Sekar
Explain blow down procedure?
Boiler blow down procedure
Change the generator, main engine and if required boiler to diesel oil and top up diesel oil tk
Switch off the power for the boiler panel and hand notice
Let the boiler to cool down dont blow down and take feed water for cooling as this cause thermal cracking in boiler due to temperature variation
When the boiler is around 4 bar carry out the blow down
When the boiler pressure is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure say 1.5-2.0 bar then open vent to prevent vacuum formation
How will u take bottom end bearing clearance? What position? How much is the clearance?
Turn the unit to BDC and take the clearance using feeler gauge. Clearance will be around 0.4-0.8mm
25-09-2013
external: Mr. T.Mohan (Amet) internal: Mr. senthilkumar
functions applied: all
Attempt: 3
Func 3:
what r all d special areazs?
Special Areas:
Annex I: Oil
Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Red Sea
"Gulfs" area
Gulf of Aden
Antarctic area
North West European Waters
Oman area of the Arabian Sea
Southern South African waters
Antarctic area
Annex V: Garbage
Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Red Sea
"Gulfs" area
Antarctic area (south of latitude 60 degrees south)
Wider Caribbean region including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
(1 Jan 2014)
what is EEDI?
EEDI (energy efficiency design index) and SEEMP (ship energy efficiency management plan)
EEDI and SEEMP are the two major instruments that form IMOs package of technical and operational measures for the reduction of the GHG emissions for
shipping. SEEMP is an operational measure which aims to improve energy efficiency of existing fleet through active energy management and IMO is also
voting at MEPC on whether to make this mandatory as well. SEEMP is more than just a list of actions: measuring the operational energy efficiency of the
ship, setting targets and monitoring the performance against them is also required, and IMO has suggested another tool called the EEOI (Energy Efficiency
Operational Indicator) for doing that . EEOI itself is not mandatory and operators can in fact choose other key performance indicators (KPIs and this is
the last acronym for today) which may be more suitable to their ship and operation. However, the target setting and monitoring element is part of the
SEEMP, regardless of which tool is being adopted. , EEDI is a number accounting for the amount of CO2 generated per tonne-mile of cargo carried. A
higher EEDI indicates a less energy efficienct ship (by design). The idea is that future ships will need to be built with a minimum energy efficiency
standard, as defined by the EEDI
Margin line :is a line drawn at 76 mm/ 3 inch below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at the side above which the ship should not sink.
Func 4b:
for a good combustion of fuel oil what all u require
Atomization
Penetration
Turbulence
Injection timing
Spray pattern
Compression press
Injection press (since depended on the rpm of engine overcome by RT flex engine by common rail)
Air-fuel ratio.
reduces the oil being burnt thus reduces the carbon deposit on the valves.
types of turbo charger? what is constant pressure? what is pulse type turbocharger? what are the advantages? which is used
where? (constant pressure and pulse pressure)
there are two type of turbo chargers
Constant pressure turbocharger :- in constant pressure system the exhaust gas from all the cylinder is discharged into a common manifold of large dia and
volume. The pressure in the exhaust manifold is reduced below that of the scavenge pressure and is maintained at a steady pressure for any given engine
load, this leads to greater efficiency at higher loads. Thus best suitable for MAIN ENGINE.
Also help in delaying the opening of exhaust valve which results in higher thermal efficiency for the engine.
Constant pressure system do not react as quickly to load changes and are in efficient at low loads. Thus uses the auxiliary blower for lower loads.
Pulse System :- use the kinetic energy and the heat energy from the exhaust gas when the exhaust valve opens to drive the turbocharger. The exhaust
system is tuned , pipes are of small dia, bends are smoothly radiused to maintain exhaust gas pressure and to avoid energy loss within the system.
The pulse system is very responsive to engine load change and ideally suited for generators
They donot know auxiliary blowers
Func 5:
what is megger?howll u take insulation resistance?what are all the safety precautions to be taken while taking insulating
resistance and in MEGGER?
Megger is an instrument for taking insulation resistance on the circuit.
Safety Precautions are high voltage 500V is used for insulation measurement hence the care must be taken that the circuit is isolated properly. Since high
voltage is used all electronic equipments such as diode etc must be isolated or short circuit.
Insulation resistance is taken between phase and and between phase and earth.
Func 6:
crankcase inspection full procedure? what r all d safety precautions u take before u do crankcase inspections?
stop the Lo pump only after 30 min if the engine has been running.
Since the crankcase is considered as an enclosed space permit has to be obtained, atmosphere tested for Oxygen
Use clean boots, bump caps, disposable boiler suits, cotton gloves and rags as stby, hand torch and lamps
When entering the crankcase keep a track of the rags and tools that are taken inside, empty the boilersuit pockets
Procedure
Turn the engine to BDC and start checking from under stuffing box area for any sign of black OIL
Check the piston rod surface for scoring marks and roughness.
Check piston palm bolts and locking device for slackness and fretting.
Check the guide and guide shoe bearing general condition and the area around frame where guide is attached for any visible cracks.
Check that the guide shoe end cover bolts are in place and not slack.
Evaluate top and bottom end of connecting rod bolt, nut and locking device for slackness, signs of fretting, etc.
Check for sliding of bottom end bearing (axial movement) or floating of connecting rod.
Check for slip of web and journal by checking the reference mark.
Check web in the area of stress concentration and check tie bolt (bottom side).
Check cross grider, area around main bearing and bearing keep for sign of cracks and check around main bearing.
All bearings must be checked for silvery color (indicates bearing wiping).
Check the surroundings of the OIL pan area of all units for any sludge deposits, bearing metal pieces, etc.
Check crank case relief door- wire mesh (should be wet), spring tension, sealing ring condition, etc.
Use OIL mist detector on sampling pipe to check for clear passage.
Clear all the foreign materials from the crank case, and make sure all tools are accounted for.
Start lube oil pump and cross head lubricating pump and check for the oil flow and distribution.
Check crankcase door sealing condition and close the crankcase door.
Inform chief engineer (for satisfactory checking of crank case) and duty officer.
25/9/13
surv-sentilkumar and another fat guy
1.draw the transverse cross sectin indicating km g etc
Reeds naval book
Check for spares eg manhole/access hole gasket, gauge glass, packing and steam joint.
Check tools required eg gagging tool, torque spanner, rope, chain block
Briefing the engineers of the work
Change the generator, main engine and if required boiler to diesel oil and top up diesel oil tk
Switch off the power for the boiler panel and hand notice
Let the boiler to cool down dont blow down and take feed water for cooling as this cause thermal cracking in boiler due to temperature variation
When the boiler is around 4 bar carry out the blow down
When the boiler pressure is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure say 1.5-2.0 bar then open vent to prevent vacuum formation
Open the top manhole door first with all safety precautions
Mark the nut on the top manhole, slacken the dog nut and secure it with rope
Knock the door donot open the door as it may still contains steams
In case of difficulties in manual cleaning chemical cleaning can be done with hydrochloric acid plus an inhibitor to prevent acid attacking the
metal
For oil contamination, alkali boil-out using tri-sodium phosphate solution is essential prior acid cleaning
All internal which may interfere with the inspection has to be removed
Now drain the boiler and completely and then open the bottom side access door/manhole door
Preparation
A pouch to carry tools required empty the pockets and make a list of tools taken
25-9-2012
fun3
certif. for LPG carrier? whai is IGC code explain? cargo tank safeties
International code for the construction and equipment of ship carrying Liquefied gases in bulk
Certificate given for Gas tankers are Certificate of fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gas in bulk
Cargo tk safeties are
To prevent pressure rises by means of use reefer systems or using the boil off gas in the boiler/ engine.
To prevent vacuum developing in the tk ( by means of automatic stopping of all pump and compressor when the tk pressure reaches a pressure
around 0 KPa.
Temperature sensor looking th temp of the cargo at the top and also bottom Port and Star-board.
Emergency stops
An initially unstable ship heels to a certain angle and ends up in neutral stability. That angle is called angle of loll. At angle of loll ., GM = 0 OR
KG = KM Occurs in timber carriers., - timber s on the deck absorb moisture and increases the cog
Angle of loll is a term used to describe the state of a ship which is unstable when upright (ie: has a negative metacentric height, GMt) and
therefore TAKES on an angle of heel to either port or starboard.
When a vessel has negative GM i.e., is in unstable equilibrium, any external force, if applied the vessel, will cause it to start heeling. The vessel
whether capsizing depends on the angle of heeling because at the Negative GM the righting lever is also Negative tending to capsize the ship. As
the vessel heels, its underwater volume increases, which increases the vessel's BM (distance from the center of buoyancy to the metacenter).
Since there is no change in KB (distance from the keel to the center of buoyancy) of the vessel, the KM (distance from keel to the metacenter)
of the vessel increases.
At some angle of heel (say 10), KM will increase sufficiently equal to KG (distance from the keel to the center of gravity), thus making GM of
vessel equal to zero. When this occurs, the vessel goes to neutral equibrium, and thus the righting lever GZ is also zero. In other words, when
an unstable vessel heels over towards a progressively increasing angle of heel, at a certain angle of heel, the center of buoyancy (B) may fall
vertically below the center of gravity (G). this angle is called angle of loll. And at this point the righting lever GZ starts becoming positive. Now
the ship is now a stable condition about the angle loll.
fun 4b
what is destrutive and non-destrictive test
Destructive testing :- special test pieces are used which are damaged during the process
Tensile testing
Creep testing
Hardness testing
Impact testing
Non-destructive testing
Visual inspection
Radio-graphic method
Ultrasonic testing
Date:25/09/2013
external :Mrmohan, Internal :MrSenthil
Func 4b:
what is VIT ? Why provided? How it works and its control system? How its done before vit?
VIT VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING
-
As the load increases in the engine, Pmax also increases. But at low loads Pmax is low.
With the help of VIT, Pmax is attained at low loads, leading to low sfoc
2.
3.
4.
To increase the power of the engine it is only possible by Power = MEP*stroke length*area*rpm.
To increase the MEP it depends on three factor mainly the compression pressure, injection timing, quantity of fuel injected. When the fuel is injected into
the cylinder then there is a ignition delay(time span between commencement of injection and start of ignition). To reduce the ignition delay the must be
injected piston is around TDC becomes that is the max compression from the engine and also the max temp the compressed air can attain at this point the
ignition delay is reduced. The Fn of VIT is this. Hence during the low load at about 30% VIT is not used as the compressed air doesnt reach the temp and
can lead to knock or incomplete combustion. At around 30% timing is advanced and latter retarded. Hence the engine attains the full load Pmax at around
75-85% before reaching full load. Increase in Pmax increases the MEP and thus reduces the fuel oil consumption.
What is accumulation pr test of boiler? Why done? Procedure, why steam stop v/v to be closed during test?
Accumulation pr test of the boiler is used to check the capacity of the boiler safety v/v. to conduct the test, all feed valve and steam outlet to and from the
boiler to be shut and max. firing rate arranged. Accumulation of pr. Must not then exceed 10% of the working pr. Duration of the test is not exceed 15
min for fire tube boiler, and 7 min for water tube boiler. In case of water tube boiler the test may be waived if damage to superheater or economizers
could result from the test.
fixed foam fire fighting system..( draw and explain?? ratio with what prospective nd how exact ratio is obtained.. and how will
you calculate quantity of foam obtained )