co at ’ ie 4 sop Oey Pa a) aN a Mi i = ~ ae ly ‘seh | estonian yourself category all-around confidence language content + learn to speak, understand and write estonian + progress quickly beyond the basics + explore the language in depthteach yourself estonian mare kitsnik and leelo Kingisepp ‘each yoursait Sim” Launched in 1938, the teach yourself series grew rapidly in response to the world’s wartime needs. Loved and trusted by over 50 million readers, the series has continued to respond to society's changing interests and passions and now, 70 years on, includes over 500 titles, from Arabic and Beekeeping to Yoga and Zulu. What would you like to learn? be where you want to be with teach yourselfFor UK order enquiries: please contact Bookpoint Lid, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4SB. Telephone: +44 (0) 1235 827720. Fax: +44 (0) 1235 400454, Lines are open 09.00-17.00, Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. 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The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.. Impression number 10987654321 Year 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 introduction ov 02 05 tare! hello! 1 you will learn the most common Estonian greetings, how to say please and thank you, how to tell the time and how to apologize saame tuttavaks! Jet's get acquainted! == 17 you will learn how to introduce yourself, how to ask and answer questions about languages you speak and how to say ow are you? vabandage, kus on ...2 excuse me, where is the ..,? 39 you will learn how to ask where something is located, how to ask about city transport, how to tell the taxidriver where you want to go, how to name vehicles and places in town and how to say the cardinal numbers (1441 million) mida teile? what will you have? 65 you will learn how to order food and drinks in a bar, how to clarify your order and how to ask questions about food « mida feete vabal ajal? what do you do during your free time? 83 you will learn how to talk about your job and what you do during your free time and say names of differant nationalities and jobs $}]U9}]UO0D_ -07 08 10 n 12 milline on sinu paev? what's your day like? 100 you will learn how to speak about your family and relatives, how to talk about daily routines and how to say the ordinal numbers: lahme turule! let's go to the market! 118 you will learn how to buy food at the market Kahme valja! Jet's go out! 144 you will learn how to make a phone call, how to make an invitation and how to understand advertisements and to buy tickets ma jain haigeks / fell il! 168 you will learn how to make an appointment with a doctor, how to describe the most common ailments and how to understand the doctor's prescriptions and buy medicine at the chemist’s milling ta valja ndeb? what does she look like? 195 you will learn how to describe people's appearance and character and how to name items of clothing kas lihe- véi kaheinimesetuba? single or double room? 216 you will learn how to ask questions about your hotel, how to book an appointment at the hairdresser’s and a slot at the bowling alley and how to report problems with a broken phone sooviksin korterit iidrida {would like to rent an apartment 236 you will learn how to read advertisements about apartments for rent, how to ask questions about an apartment and how to describe the location of something 18 kas olete proovinud ...? fave you tried ...? 257 you will learn how to talk about restaurants and food, how to buy souvenirs, how to communicate in a post office and get ta know the names of festival days in Estonia 4 Sdidame! Jet's go! 284 you will learn how to ask for and give directions, how to hire a car and how to get around Estonia key to the exercises 307 Estonian-English vocabulary 322 English-Estonian vocabulary 334 taking it further 346 grammar glossary 348 appendices 353 appendix 1: the Estonian alphabet 353 appendix 2; cases 354 appendix 3; construction of plural cases 355 appendix 4; the short form of the illative case 355 ind appendix 5: ma-infinitive, da-infinitive 356 index 359 syusyoo S$,Hakkame eesti keelt 6ppima! Let's start learning Estonian! Is this the right course for me? If you are an adult learner trying to learn Estonian for the first time and you want to learn in order to communicate in everyday situations, this is the course for you. Perhaps you would like to brush up your language after a break or some previous studies? Again, you might find this course very well suited to your purposes, Teach Yourself Estonian has been compiled to suit the needs of an English-speaking independent learner and the methodology used does not presume ap instructor’s explanations. And even if you are intending to learn with the support of a language class, the material can also be used for that purpose. You don’t need to have previous language- learning experience or the knowledge of linguistic terminology as the language content is presented in. simple everyday language and illustrated with lots of examples. Structure of the course The course consists of a book divided in to 14 units, each concentrating on a certain topic (or topics), and two recordings, which are essential to get the maximum benefit from the course. All units follow the same structure and consist of five parts: uononposui=* Dialogues or texts presenting everyday situations . accompanied by key words and expressions and exercises janpuage patterns that follow a logical order for a beginner’s * Cultural and useful information about Estonia * Exercises for practising language patterns and vocabulary * Communication exercises Ar the end of the book, you will find a key to i Estonian-English and English-Fetonisn vocabularies a taking it further section with advice on how to carry on after you have completed the course, a grammar glossary, which explains some of the terms used, and five appendices, with slightly more complex information about aspects of Estonian grammar. How to use the course All units start with a listening task. Before you sta i however, it might be useful to go through the key words ni expressions that follow each dialogue or text, To make learning easier, words that change when used are presented with so-called main forms. You should listen to the text several times. It would then be quite useful to read and translate the text with the hel; of the key words and expressions, Each listening task also has comprehension exercises that should be completed after you have listened. Do take Your time; perhaps work out the exercises out loud — the recording will help you. This way you will easily acquire some phrases and questions that you will find usefal in conversation, As there are several listening tasks in every unit. don’t try to do them all at one go. Work with one text only until you feel comfortable with the new vocabulary and expressions, When you have done this it is time to move on to the language Patterns. You will see that the headings in these sections are given as sample sentences, with the grammatical term underneath. The language patterns are chosen to help a beginner learn more easily and we have tried to Present them in an order which will allow you to start feeling the inner logic of the Estonian language and how best to use it for conversation. Some grammar topics are dealt with over several units in order to make them more ‘digestible’. The course touches on most topics that occur in everyday conversation but the learner is not expected to acquire everything in detail First, read through the grammar explanation and then complete the exercise that (usually) follows. Sometimes the exercise can be quite Jong and demanding, asking you, for instance, to form certain constructions of words you might not know. The idea is that you follow the given examples and then construct your own, following the analogy. Later on, such tables serve as a tool to which you can always return if you are not sure how a certain form is constructed. Please do not frustrate yourself by trying to learn these tables by heart! In some of the units, several language patterns are presented one after the other, so, if you feel it is too much to take at once, it’s quite alright to move on to the ‘Let’s communicate!’ section, which is more relaxing and allows you to use ready ‘chunks’ of language. After most grammar sections, there are more exercises in the ‘Let's practise!” part. The exercises here graduate from less demanding tasks to more complicated ones, You might find it is helpful if you try to work out what is asked of you orally first and then write your answers, only after this checking in the key to the exercises at the end of the book. The last part of each unit is called ‘Let’s communicate!’. Here you are expected to produce the language yourself. Each task guides you through a certain conversation situation in which you have to react adequately. If you are not sure, you can always go back to the corresponding dialogue or text at the beginning of the unit as all these communication tasks are built around the dialogue you have worked with in that unit. The answers to the communication exercises are also on the recording so after completing an exercise you can listen to see if you got it right. The cultural texts that you will find at various points in a unit are constructed such that, in addition to learning about Estonia, its culture and everyday life, you will also learn some more useful vocabulary that is not included in the listening texts. Where is Estonian spoken and who speaks it? The Estonian language is spoken as a mother tongue by about 1.1 million people, 950,000 of whom live in Estonia. Other speakers are spread all over the world, the biggest groups of Estonians living in America, Australia, Canada, Russia and Sweden. The Estonian language is the only state language of the Estonian republic. As the population of the Estonian republic isabout 1.3 million people, this means there are about 350,000 mostly Russian-speaking people who learn and use Estonian as a second language. Estonian belongs to the Finno-Ugrian language group, along with such languages as Finnish and Hungarian. The Finno-Ugric languages are very different from English, so this is somewhat strange in the beginning — for instance, to indicate meaning, endings are added to the end of the word instead of using a preposition as we do in English. To make your learning easier, the vocabulary lists present the so-called main forms of words that do change by taking these endings. Estonians are very proud about the complexity of their language, but you should not let this discourage you as you try to learn the language -— Estonian, just like any other language, is designed to convey universal meanings, The Teach Yourself Estonian course will give you the main gist of the most important aspects of the gtammar that you will need and there are lots of ready chunks of language to help you to construct your conversation. jO[Sy i919} In this unit you will learn + the most common Estonian greetings « how to say please and thank you + how to tell the time * how to apologizete) G Listening 1 You will hear some typical Estonian greetings. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 1. ‘The vocabulary list that follows will help you to understand what the people are saying. a Mees Tere! Naine Tere-tere! b Naine Tere hommikust! Mees Hommikust! c Mees Tere pdevast! Naine Tere! d Naine Tere dhtust! Mees Tere dhtust! mees = man naine woman Tere! Hello! Tere-tere! _ Hello-hello! Tere hommikust! Good morning! Hommikust! Good morning! Tere paevast! Good afternoon! Tere Ohtust! Good evening! Exercise 1 Now listen to the dialogues again and decide in which dialogue people say 1 good evening, 2 good morning, 3 good afternoon, 4 hello. § Greetings in Estonian Tere! Hello! is the most neutral greeting, which can be used any time of the day with anyone. The words hommik morning, paev day and éhtu evening in greetings indicate the time of day they shouid be used. Say Tere hommikust! from daybreak to midday. Say Tere paevast! from midday until dark. Then switch over to Tere shtust! until daybreak. Answer the greeting by either repeating the whole expression or just part of it Tere Shtust! — ‘Tere Shtust!/Tere!/Ohtust! ® ohenst D.Listening 2 You will hear how Estonians say goodbye. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 2 and 3. a Mees Nagemist! Naine Nagemist! b Neiu Noh, nagemist! Noormees TSau! c Naine Head aega! Mees Head aega! d Neiu Homsenil Noormees Nagemiseni! e Neiu Nagemisenil! Noormees Reedeni! ft Mees Head 66d! \Naine Head ddd! young lady, girt young man Goodbye! Weil! (interj. expressing resignation, understanding etc.) Byel (informal) Goodbye! Till tomorrow! tomorrow So long!, see youl Until Friday! Friday Good night! jouerjos0y Exercise 2 Which expression is used in which dialogue? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue. One expression is not used in any of the dialogues. Expression a b es ad[e f \1 Head dod! | 2 Nagemiseni! |3 Head aega! 4 Nagemist! v v 5 Tere paevast! [ 6 Téaut 7 Homseni! iz 8 Reedeni! Exercise 3 What are the appropriate greetings for each time of day? 1 10.00 2 15.00 3 22.00 a Parting words For saying goodbye Head aega! or Nagemist! are the universal expressions, which can be used anytime with anyone. Some expressions used when saying goodbye can only be said at certain times like Head paeva! during the day, Head ohtut! during the evening and Head d6d! during the night. Tau! bye is very informal in tone used by younger people, mostly when saying goodbye but it can also be used as a greeting. If you know the time at which you will meet the person again you may wish to say Homseni! till tomorrow (homme tomorrow) ot Ulehomseni! till the day after tomorrow. If you know the specific day you will meet again you can use the special form of the name of the day, for instance Esmaspdevani! till Monday ‘Teisipaevani! rill Tuesday Kolmapaevani! till Wednesday esmaspaev Monday teisipaev Tuesday kolmapaev Wednesday neljapaev Thursday Neljapaevani! till Thursday reede Friday Reedeni! till Friday laupaev Saturday Laupdevani! till Saturday piihapaev Sunday Piihapaevani! till Sunday Very common parting words are Nagemiseni’ -ommon Jagemiseni! see you, or Kuulmiseni! he i ially the phone will bear from you (the latter is used especially on Note that the names of the da i i i ys are not letters, unlike in English. reritten with copia Go Exercise 4 Listen and repeat. Gexercise 5 Put the names of the days in the correct order. Listen and check. a) esmaspaev ...1... b) kolmapiev c) laupaev . d) neljapaev e) pihapaev . f) reede.... g) teisipaev Exercise 6 Find the right translation, 1 Goodbye! a__ Tere paevast! 2 Good night! b Nagemist! 3 Good morning! c¢ Homseni! 4 Good afternoon! d_ Tere! 5 Good evening! e Head 66d! 6 See you tomorrow! f Tere dhtust! 7 Bye! g Tere hommikust! 8 Hello! h TSau! 7010}jase, &> Exercise 7 / You are parting from a colleague who tells you the following. When does he indicate you will meet again? a You will meet again on Friday. b You will meet again on Monday. ¢ You will meet again tomorrow. | 1 Homseni! 2° Reedeni! 3 Esmaspdevani! DBListening 3 You wil] hear how Estonians say please and thank you. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 8. a Mees Palun! Naine Aitah! b Naine Palun! Mees Oj, suur tanu! c Neiu Suur aitah! Noormees Pole'tanu vaart! palun please aitah = thank you oi oh uur tanu = many thanks suur aitah == thanks a lot pole tanu vaart don’t mention it (lit: not worthy of thanks) Exercise 8 Which expression is used in which dialogue? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue. Expressions | a b c 1 Oi, suur tanu! 2 Pole tanu vaart! 3 Suur aitah! @B How to say please and thank you Aitah means thank you. Saying Suur aitah! (lit. big thank you) or Suur tanu! means thank you very much. You can also say Suur-suur aitah! or Suur-suur tanu! if you want to express your gratitude more emotionally, Tanu can’t be used on its own like aitah. It comes from the verb tanama to thank and you can say Tanan! I thank. Then it isa synonym for Aitah! Palun is used in the same way as English please or here you are when you pass something to someone, for instance, or just to add politeness to the sentence. Palun can also be used for saying don’t mention it or you are welcome but more commonly Pole tanu vaart! is used. For instance: Suur-suur aitah! Palun! Suur tanu! Pole tanu vaart! D_istening 4 You will hear some more useful expressions. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 9. a Mees = Palun vabandust. Naine Pole midagi. b Naine Oi, vabandust! Mees Pole viga. joseyjosey c Mees Head isu! Naine § Aitah. d Mees Terviseks! Naine Terviseks! palun vabandust excuse me please, I'm sorry pole midagi _ it’s OK, it’s nothing vabandust sorry pole viga it’s OK Head isu! | hope you'll enjoy your meal! Terviseks! Cheers! @B More useful expressions For apologizing the most common expression is palun vabandust I’m sorry, To say it’s OK use pole midagi, or pole viga. Before starting to eat it is common to express the wish that other people at the table enjoy their meals by saying Head isu! (lit. have a good appetite). The response to that is either Head isu! or Aitah! Thank you. Terviseks! is the equivalent of English Cheers!, said when drinking to someone’s health. Tervis means health and terviseks is also said if someone sneezes. Be careful not to mix up Teryist! hello and Terviseks! Gxercise 9 Which expressions belong together? Listen to the dialogues and choose a, b or c. Then listen to the correct answers. 1 Palun vabandust! 3 Head isu! a Aitah. a Aitah. b Pole midagi. b Terviseks! c Head isu! ¢ Pole midagi. 2 Oi, vabandust! 4 Terviseks! a Terviseks! a Aitah. b Pole viga. b_ Terviseks! ¢ Nagemist! c Pole midagi. Exercise 10 What is the right response if you hear the following expressions? There are two correct answers to each question, 1 Tere! a Terviseks! b Tere! c Tere-tere! 2 Tere hommikust! a Tere hommikust! b Tere! ° ¢ Tere Shtust! 3 Head aega! a Nagemiseni! b TSau! ¢ Aitah! 4 Palun! a Pole midagi. b Aitah. . ¢ Sour tanu. 5 Suur tanu! a Palun. b Aitah. ¢ Pole tanu vaart. 6 Head isu! a Aitah. b Pole midagi. c Head isu! 7 Oi, vabandage palun! a Pole midagi. b Pole viga. ¢ Oi, suur tanu. DListening 5 You will now hear how Estonians tell the time. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 11. a Noormees Mis kell on? Neiu Kell on ks. b Noormees Mis kell on? Neiu Kell on kaks. c Noormees Mis kell on? Noormees Kell on kolm. d Naine Kui palju kell on? Mees Uks hetk. Kell on pool dks. e Mees. Kui palju kell on? Naine Veerand iks. f Mees Mis kell on? Naine Kolmveerand iks. jeu,10 kell clock Mis kell on?) What's the time? (lit. What's the clock?) Kell on iks. —_/t’s one o'clock. Kell on kaks. {t's two o’clack. Kell on kolm. it’s three o'clock. Kui palju kell on? = What's the time? (lit. How much is the clack?) Uks hetk. Just a moment. (lit. one moment) Kell on pool iiks. —_ (it’s) half past twelve (lit. It’s half towards one.) veerand iks (It’s) quarter past twelve. (lit. quarter towards one) kolmveerand dks —_({t’s) quarter to one (lit. three quarters to one) Exercise 11 In which dialogue are these times given? 12.45 14.00 12.15 oan 13.00 a 15.00 wens 12,30 ose Duswne Language Patterns Pronunciation of vowels There are nine vowels in Estonian: a, e, i, 0, u, 6, 4, 6, ii. All vowels occur in either short or long forms. In written text, short vowels are indicated by a single letter and long ones by a double letter, for instance kell clock; mees man; palun please; suur big etc. The long vowel is a continuous sound, in which the two yowels are pronounced as‘one long sound without a pause. We will take a closer look at the pronunciation of vowels now. If possible, an approximation of the sound in English is given. The sounds do not correspond one to one so take these explanations as guidelines only. Note that the stress of Estonian words is usually on the first syllable. Dexercise 12 First read the explanations. Then listen to the words and repeat them. Do this several times, A is pronounced like the ‘u’ in but palun please, takso taxi, kaks two, kaheksa eight, pank bank Aa is pronounced like the ‘ar’ in dark but slightly longer baar bar, maa land, country, jaanuar January, banaan banana, raadio radio E is pronounced like the ‘e’ in pet tere hello, kell clock, neli four, seitse seven, telefon telephone Ee is pronounced like the ‘e’ in pet, but with double length veerand quarter, mees man, Eesti Estonia, veebruar February, tee tea, road Lis pronounced like the ‘i’ in Rit isu appetite, ilm weather, minut minute, kino cinema, nimi name Ti is pronounced like the ‘ee’ in keep viis five, siis then, televiisor TV set, siin bere, miinus minus Uis pronounced as in put palun please, buss bus, tulema to come, neiu ‘young lady, girl, auto car Uu is pronounced as in room suur big, kuus six, juuni June, juuli July, juuksur bair-dresser O is pronounced like the ‘o’ in hot Roun morning, kolm three, kohv coffee, foto photo, hotell otel Oo is pronounced like the ‘au’ in canght pool half, oktoober October, ooper opera, kool school, soovima to wish O is pronounced like the ‘o” in cold Shtu evening, sober friend, sdna word, nn happiness, dde sister 8 is pronounced like the ‘o’ in cold, but longer VO6ras stranger, Kroét female name, podsas bush, r66m joy, todmus glad, joyfulA is pronounced like the ‘a’ in cat paev day, nagemist goodbye, aitah thank you, marts March, ari business Aa is pronounced like the ‘a’ in cat, but double length Pole tanu vaart. Don’t mention it, Otepaa, a town in southern Estonia, aadikas vinegar, séask mosquito, raakima to speak O is pronounced as in stronger réstima to toast, kéha cough, lorts slush, sleet, bkonoomia economy, dkosiisteem ecosystem O6 is pronounced as in herd but longer 66 night, t66 work, todtama to work, k6dk kitchen, mosbel furniture U is pronounced like the ‘ur’ in bureau iiks one, ttheksa nine, kiimme ten, iillatus surprise, kiilm cold Uii is pronounced like the ‘ur’ in bureau but longer miiiima fo sell, miiiik sale, niiiid now, tiiiipiline typical, tiititu annoying Numbers 1-12 These are the numbers you need for talking about time. seitse seven, kaheksa eight dheksa nine kimme ten tiksteist eleven kaksteist twelve Gexercise 13 1 Listen to the numbers 1-12 and repeat. 2 Listen and write the number you hear in figures. In order to practise this grammar topic further, do Exercises 15-17 in the Let’s practise! section. B Talking about time ‘You ask the time by saying Mis kell on? or Kui palju kell on? or Palju kell on? All three mean What time is it? The word kell clock is used as the English equivalent o’clock. The common answer is Kell on + corresponding number, for example Kell on iiks, It’s one o’clock, It is also possible to shorten the answer by saying just the number, for example: Mis kell on? Uks. NB! Saying It’s half past three is different from how you say it in English. In Estonian, we say Kell on pool neli. lit. It’s half to four, i.e. we say pool half and then the next hour. For instance: Kell on pool kuus, It’s half past five. Kell on pool seitse. Tes half past six. NB! Saying It’s quarter past ... is also different from English. For example, in Estonian we say It’s quarter past six Kell on veerand seitse lit. It’s quarter towards seven, i.e. we say veerand quarter and then the next hour. For instance: Kell on veerand kuus, Kell on veerand seitse. Kell on veerand iiks. It’s quarter past five. It’s quarter past six. It’s quarter past 12. It’s quarter to six is Kell on kolmveerand kuus in Estonian (lit. It’s three quarters to six). The 12-hour clock is used in everyday talking. Sometimes we add to the time word hommikul in the morning, dhtul in the evening, paeval in the daytime, désel at night if it is otherwise unclear what time exactly we are talking about. For instance: Kell on iiks paeval. Kell on 13.00. Kell on iiks ddsel. Kell on 01.00, Kell on seitse hommikul. Kell on 07.00. Kell on kuns 6htul. Kell on 18.00. @ Opening hours A normal working day in Estonia starts at eight and finishes at five. Lunch hours. are from 12 to two. Dinnertime is usually between six and eight pm: The 24-hour clock is used in official contexts, for example at bus terminals, ports, airports and railway stations and also on the radio. and television. 13 3= jo = Exercise 14 Match the pictures and sentences. Keil on ks. Kell on pool kaks. Kell on kolmveerand kaks. Kell on kaks. Kell on veerand kolm. Kell on pool kolm. Kell on kolmyeerand kolm. Kell on neli, 2 rpm mona re In order to practise this grammar topic further, do Exercises 18-19 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 15 What is the Estonian for these numbers? 1 eight kabeksa 2 eleven 3 five 4 four § nine 6 one 7 seven 8 six 9 ten = o jeu) Exercise 16 What are the missing numbers? Uks, kaks, neli, viis, seitse, kaheksa, kiimme, iiksteist, kaksteist. Exercise 17 Pur the numbers in ascending order. oO kaheksa oO —_ kaks kaksteist kolm ktimme kuus neli seitse ttheksa iiks 1 iiksteist viis Co Cl Exercise 18 What’s the time? Choose the correct answer. Keil on pool neli. a 15.30 b 16.30 Kell on pool seitse, a 19,30. b 18.30 Kell on pool kiimme. a 9.30 b 10.30 Kell on pool kaks. a 14.30 b 13.30 Kell on veerand kaksteist. a 12.15 b 11.15 Kell on veerand kaheksa. 7.15 b 8.15 Kell on veerand kolm. a15.15 b 14.15 Kell on veerand iiks. a 12.15 b 13.15 SIAM LWNE Dexercise 19 ‘What's the time? Compare your answers with the recording. 1 11.00 Kell on iiksteist hommikul. 2 16.15 3 18.30jaan 4 14.45 5 17.00 6 915 7 13.30 8 12.15 Let’s communicate! Exercise 20 Here are some situations for you to practise. You are having a supper with some friends. Read and answer the questions. 1 The food is served and you all are starting to eat. Someone says Head isu! How do you respond? 2 You are passing a dish of food to someone. Say Here you are. 3 You are given something. Would it be correct to say Tanan or Aitah? 4 You bump into your neighbour. How do you say I’m sorry? 5 You want to raise a glass to everybody’s health. What do you say? 6 It’s late and you are leaving to go home. How do you say Good night to the others? 0 Exercise 21 Do the following, After you have completed the dialogue, listen. to the recording and check. a Say Good morning! b Ask What's the time? ¢ You are told It’s eight o’clock. d Say Thank you. Dexercise 22 Take Sina’s part in the dialogue below. When you have finished, listen to the recording and check. Mees Tere! Sina Say Hello! Mees Kui palju kell on? Sina Say It’s half past three. Mees = Aitah! jpejurenboe 3986 s,19| jo4yeCAC}N} SWIPeS In this unit you will learn « how to introduce yourself + how to.ask and answer questions about languages you speak + how to say how are you?ISHEABNMY ewWeeS c0 © Listening 1 You will hear people introducing themselves. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 1 correctly according to the dialogues. a Peeter Tere! Mina olen Peeter. Maarika ‘aga tore. Maarika. b Erki Kuusk Tere! Erki Kuusk. Jaan Magi Vaga meeldiv. Mina olen Jaan Magi. c Kristjan Saar Tere! Mina olen Kristjan Saar. Kristjan J6gi + Kuidas palun? Kristjan Saar —_ Kristjan Saar. Kristjan Jogi Seige. Mina olen ka Kristjan. Kristjan J6gi. minaolen /am ole/ma,-n to be vagatore pleased to meet you (lit. very pleasant, slightly informal) vaga meeldiv pleased to meet you (lit. very pleasant) Kuidas palun? Excuse me? selge OK; / see, It’s clear ka also, too NB! The explanation about the words like olema to be and its forms etc. can be found on pages 30-1. Exercise 1 Which names are used in the dialogues? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue. [4 Kristian Jogi | TT 2 Maarika 3 Jaanika 4 Kristel § Jaan Magi 6 Kristjan Saar 7 Peeter 8 Erki Kuusk © Exercise 2 Although there are many international eesnimed first names used in Estonia there are also lots of typical Estonian names. You can’t tell from the endings of Estonian names whether they’re men’s or women’s names. Here is a selection of common Estonian names. Listen to and repeat them to practise your pronunciation. Female names: Mare, Maarika, Ene, Leelo, Hille, Tiina, Elo, Tuuli, Ulvi, Krdét, Oie, Anneli, Kart, Heli, Ulle, Merike, Sirje, Piret Male names: Alo, Margus, Henn, Teet, Indrek, Siim, Ott, Urmas, Sulev, Kaarel, Ténis, Jaanus, Partel, Tiit, Ulo, Meelis, Tanel, Erki Q Exercise 3 Here are some international names and their equivalent in Estonian, Some of them, are written as in English, but are pronounced differently, Listen to and repeat them to practise your pronunciation. Female names: Maria — Maarja; Laura - Laura; Christina - Kristiina; Ann — Anne; Catherine — Katrin; Margarethe - Reet; Christy — Kristi; Elisabeth — Liisa Male names: Thomas — Toomas; Michael — Mihkel; Tony - Ténu; John — Jaan; George — Jiri; Peter — Peeter; Andrew - Andrus; Paul — Paul =. o iSHEALYN} wees: 20jsyenenmy ewees 8 20 Estonian surnames If you lack questions for small talk when meeting Estonians, ask what their name means Mida teie perekonnanimi tahendab? What does your surname mean? (pl, formal), You'll be surprised, as a lot of Estonian surnames (and also some first names) have concrete meanings. For instance, there are more than 5,000 people called Tamm oak, which is the most common surname in Estonia, and thousands more named after other types of tree, like Kuusk spruce, Kask birch. Names of animals are also very common in surnames, for example Ilves /ynx, Rebane fox, Karu bear; or birds like Luik swan, Kurg stork, Paasuke swallow, Another big group of surnames come from professions Sepp blacksmith, Mélder miller, Ratsep tailor; and geographical locations Saar island, Jogi river, Magi mountain, Jarv lake, Meri sea, etc. G Listening 2 You will hear people saying what their names are. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercises 4 and 5, a Noormees Tere! Mina olen Karl. Ja mis sinu nimi on? Neiu Minu nimi on Kristel. Noormees. lus nimi, Neiu Altah. b Mees Kuidas on tele nimi? Naine Piret Luik. Mees Vaga meeldiv. c Naine Mis on teie perekonnanimi? Mees Ratsep.. Naine Ja eesnimi? Mees Rain. ja and mis what your name (singular, informal) What is your name? (singular, informal) my name my name is sinu nimi Mis sinu nimi.on? minu nimi minu nimi on ilus beautiful nimi name Kuidas.on teie nimi? = What is your name? (formal; can also be plural) your name (plural, formal) surname firstname teie nimi perekonnanimi eesnimi Exercise 4 Which expressions are used in the dialogues? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue. Not all expressions are used. Expression a b c | 1 Pole viga! | 2 Aitah! 3. Vaga meeldiv! 4 Mis sinu nimi on? v 5 Kuidas on teie nimi? 6 Mis-on teie perekonnanimi? Exercise 5 Find a sentence that has the same meaning. 1 Mis on teie eesnimi? a Mis on teie perekonnanimi? b Kuidas on teie eesnimi? 2 Minu nimi on Siiri. a Siiri on ilus nimi. b Mina olen Siiri. 3. Vaga meeldiv. a Véaga tore. b Selge.isyeaeyny awees [§ @saame tuttavaks! Let’s get acquainted! The standard expression to start a conversation with the aim of introducing yourself is Saame tuttavaks! Let's get acquainted! You can either say just your first name or the full name, depending on the level of formality. it is not necessary to say your surname if the situation is informal, especially with younger people and children. The surname only without the first name is called, for instance, at the doctor's or in other formal situations. On very formal occasions you can say Kas ma tohin ennast tutvustada? May / introduce myself? or when introducing two people to each other Kas ma tohin tutvustada ...? May / introduce ...? More formality can be added by using the words proua madame or harra mister, The abbreviations hr for harra and pr for proua are very common in letterheads and addresses. The word prelli miss for an unmarried woman is hardly ever used when making introductions as it unnecessarily stresses the marital status. Body language Estonians do not kiss when greeting and they definitely do not kiss when introduced to someone they do not know. Instead they shake hands, especially when first introduced to someone. On formal meeting, people can still shake hands even if they know each other well. For instance on formal business meetings it is quite common that the chairman shakes hands with everybody to make them feel weicome. {fin doubt as to whether to shake hands or not, it is usually better to offer your hand for shaking as it is viewed as a friendly act. Younger Estonians have more or less dropped the habit of the handshake but among the Russian-speaking population of Estonia handshaking for greeting is very common even among the younger generation. B_istening 3 In these dialogues people ask about languages that they speak. Listen and then complete Exercises 6 and 7 correctly according to the dialogues. a Turist Vabandage, kas te raagite saksa keelt? Kohalik Raagin kill. b Turist Kohalik Ei, kahjuks ei oska, c Vabandage, kas te oskate inglise keelt? Turist Kas te raagite prantsuse keelt? Kohalik Vabandust, ma ei saa aru. d Kohalik Kas te oskate eesti keelt? Turist Natukene. turist kohalik vabandage kas te raagite ...? saksa keelt? inglise keelt? prantsuse keelt? eesti keelt? raaki/ma, raagi/n raagin kill... Kas te oskate ...? oska/ma, -n Kahjuks ei oska. keel kahjuks ei réagi Ma ei saa aru. aru saa/ma, saa/n aru natukene tourist local (person) excuse me (formal, can also be plural) do you speak ...? (plural, formal) German (lit. German language) English French Estonian to speak Yes, | daspeak ... Can you speak ...? (plural, formal) to know, to be able (can) Unfortunately | can’t. language unfortunately don't speak | don’t understand. to understand a little Exercise 6 What names of languages do you hear in the dialogues? Listen and tick the box(es) below for each dialogue. The first one is done for you. Languages [a b , 4 inglise isyeaeyny ewees f3 20jsyenenm ewees (2 20 Exercise 7 Here are some question for you to. answer. Tell the truth! 1 Someone asks you Kas te raagite eesti keelt? How do you answer? a Kahjuks ei raagi. b Natukene raagin. c Raagin kill. 2 Someone asks you Kas te raagite inglise keelt? How do you answer? a Kahjuks ei raagi. b Natukene raagin. c Raigin kill, 3 Someone asks you Kas te oskate saksa keelt? How do you answer? a Kahjuks ei oska. b Natukene oskan. c Oskan kill. @ Talking about languages Foreigners often complain that it is very hard to practise Estonian in Estonia as the local people usually can speak some foreign language that they want to practise themselves. It is somewhat true because all Estonians have learnt at least two foreign languages at school starting in early grades. The most commonly learnt languages are English, German, Russian and French but some schools also offer classes of Finnish, Swedish, Spanish, Japanese and other languages. The mentality is that being such a small nation one has to know other languages and therefore it’s a norm that you know some languages other than your own. Note that names of languages in Estonian, unlike in English, are spelled with no capital letters and also the word keel /anguage has to be used: CG Listen 'to and repeat the names of the languages. vene keel Russian (language) jaapani keel Japanese (language) hiina keel Chinese (language) soome keel Finnish (language) hispaania keel Spanish (language) rootsi keel Swedish (language) itaalia keel —_ftalian (language) lati keel Latvian (language) portugali keel Portuguese (language) leedu keel —_Lithuanian (language) The question Kas te raagite eesti keelt? means Do you speak Estonian? It is also correct to ask Kas te oskate eesti keelt? meaning Can you speak Estonian? D Listening 4 In these dialogues people ask How are you? Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercise 8. a Naine Tere! Kuidas laheb? Mees Tanan. Pole viga. b Opetaja Tere hommikust. Kuidas elate? Opilane Tere. Vaga hasti. Aga teie? Opetaja Mina ka. c Opetaja Tere paevast. Kuidas laheb? Opilane Tanan kiisimast. Normaatselt. d Jaan Kuidas laheb? Peeter Hasti. Aga sul? Jaan Ka hasti. Kuidas laheb? Tanan. Pole viga. Gpetaja Spilane Kuidas elate? How are you? Thank you. Not too bad. teacher Student How are you? (lit. How are you: living?) (plural, formal) ela/ma,-n ta live vaga hasti very well What about you? (plural, formal) me too thank you (lit. Thank you for asking.) normaaiselt OK (lit. normally) hasti nicely, well Aga sul? What about you? (singular, informal) Aga teie? mina ka tanan kiisimast Isyeneym owees [2isyeacym awees 1B 20 Exercise 8 What expressions do you hear in the dialogues? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue. The first one is done for you. Expressions a b 1 Normaalselt 2 Kuidas elate? 3 Hasti 4 Natukene 6 Vaga hasti 7 Aga teie? 8 Aga sul? 9 Tanan kiisimast| 10 Pole viga @ Asking How are you? The question Kuidas laheb? How are you? is not used as a short greeting in Estonian (as it can sometimes be used in English). It is quite normal to give a short overview of what you have been up to lately rather than just answering Hasti! Very well! and walking away. So if you ask Kuidas laheb? be prepared to exchange a few words. If you want to ask the other person how they are you can ask: Kuidas laheb? How are you? Kuidas elate? How are you? (plural, formal) Kuidas elad? How are you? (singular, informal) Kuidas kasi kaib? How are you? (lit. untranslatable phrase) The last js.a little old fashioned, but you will still hear it said. lf you are fine, you answer Tanan, hasti! Fine, thank you! or Vaga hastil Very well! Pole viga not too bad or normaalselt OK also mean you are doing ‘well. If you want to ask how the other person is doing then the phrase depends on the question you were asked: Kuidas laheb? How are you? Aga sul? What about you? (singular, informal) Aga teil? What about you? (plural, formal) Kuidas elate? How are you? Agasina? What about you? (singular, informal) Agateie? What about you? (plural, formal) Ifyou don’t remember what exactly the question was, it is safest to ask back Aga kuidas sul laheb? (singular} Aga kuidas tell laheb? (plural). Dexercise 9 Choose the correct answer. Listen and check, 1 Kuidas laheb? a Normaalselt. b Natukene. 2. Kuidas elad? a Hasti. b Mina ka. 3 Mina olen Maarika. a Pole viga. Mina olen Piret. b Vaga meeldiv, Mina olen Piret. 4 Kuidas elate? a Tanan kiisimast. Hasti. b Tere hommikust. Hasti. 5 Kuidas laheb? a Hiasti. Aga sina? b Hiasti. Aga sinul? 6 Kuidas elad? a Hiasti. Aga sina? b Hasti. Aga sinul? Language patterns Pronunciation of consonants We will now take a closer look at the pronunciation of the Estonian consonants. As you will see, many of them are similar to the English ones. Consonants, just like the vowels, can appear in short or in long form. The short form is usually represented by one consonant and the long form by two consonants. Isyeneyny owees c0isyenenny owes 20 G Exercise 10 In the following list you will find Estonian first names. Listen to the names and repeat them, Do this as many times as you need. has in Hello!, not pronounced at the beginning of a word. Helle (f*), Riho (m*), Eha (f), Ahto (m), Helve (f) bh the same as h but longer. Occurs in very few words. j as in yes . Jaan (m), Juhan (m), Kaja (f), Juta (f), Jaanus (m) jj the same as j but longer. Occurs in very few words, 1 is softer than the English / Lembit (m), Alo (m), Alar (m), Kalju (m), Kalev (m) Il the same as | but longer Ulle (f), Tilimar (m), Vello (m), Helle (£), Malle (f) m is the same as in English Mare (f), Sim (m), Urmas (m), Mart (m), Margit (f) mm the same as m but longer Lemmi (f), Immo (m), Timmo (m), Tommi (m) n is the same as in English Naima (f), Ene (f}, Liina (f), Anu (f), Sven (m) nn the same as n but longer . Henn (m), Anne (f), Lenna (f), Anneli (f), Onne (f) ris a rolling sound in Estonian, quite different from English, you need to practise a lot! . Kristjan (m), Kaarel (m), Ardi (m), Kaur (m), Priit (m) rr the same as'r but longer Harri (m), Harriet (f) s as in school TGnis (m), Joosep (m), Esta (£), Sirli (f), Siri (f) ss the same as s but longer Sass (m), Juss (m), Kassandra (f), Jass (m) vas in video Valve (f), Ulvi (f), Sulev (m), Ivo (m), Evelin (f) yy the same as v but longer. Occurs in very few words gas in goat Ago (m), Signe (f), Inge (f), Gert (m), Greete (f) gg does not occur in Estonian words bas in boat Lembit (m), Imbi (f), Maibi (f), Tambet (m), Elbe (f) bb does nor occur in Estonian words das in door raido (m), Linda (f), Eda (f), Kadi (f), Diana (f) dd does not occur in Estonian words k as in English but without aspiration Heiki (m), Kart (f), Uku (m), Kerli (f), Koidu (f) kk the same as k but longer. Does not occur in common first names but occurs in many other words like lukk Jock, pakk packet, nukk doll, kukkuma to fall, pakkumine offer pas in English but without aspiration Piia (f), Paavo (m), Pille (f), Aap (m), Kaupo (m), Joosep (m) pp the same as p but longer Epp (£) and also in many other words like lipp flag, supp soup, hippama to jump, vapper brave tas in English but without aspiration Taavi (m), Terje (f), Rita (f), Toivo (m), Mati (m) tt the same as t but longer Ott (m), Rutt (f), Otto (m) and also in many other words like kott, bag patt sin, rattur biker *f and m given in brackets indicate whether it is a woman’s (f) or a man’s (m) name. Mina, sina /, you - personal pronouns T, ‘you’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘we’ and ‘they’ are called ‘personal pronouns’. There are six of them in Estonian. Personal Pronouns in Estonian have a long form (the first in the following table) and a short form (the second one). We tend to use the short forms in ordinary speech. If we use the long form we’re showing that we want to give special emphasis to the person we're talking about. The short forms are used more often. mina (ma) / ‘sina (sa) you tema (ta) ‘he/she (can also mean it) meie (me) we teie (te) you temad (nad) they jsyeneym owees [2 20isyeaeym owees SB 20 The sina/sa is used to mean you when you are speaking informally to someone you know well; teie/te is used to mean you in more formal situations. There is more about this later. Estonian doesn’t make a grammatical distinction between ‘he’ and ‘she’, so there is only one personal pronoun for tema he/she. Mina olen / am - the verb to be Just like the English to be, the Estonian olema changes its form according to who we’re talking about. We don’t have to use personal pronouns, because the ending of the verb indicates the person of the verb. For instance: Olen iilidpilane. = Ma olen tilidpilane. Oleme turistid. = Me oleme turistid. Exercise 11 Find the right translation. meoleme we are te olete you are nad on they are maolen /am saoled you are taon he, she is If we want to make I am into the negative we place the word ei no before the verb, which changes to ole for all the different persons. If you prefer you can think of ei ole as the negative of all the forms of to be: am not, are not and is not. Easy! meelole we are not teeiole you are not nad el ole they are not maeiole / am not saeiole you are not taelole he/she is not NB! ¢j ole = pole Note that ei ole can be replaced by pole, which has exactly the same meaning. Let’s see how to use the verb olema to be in these sentences. I am Peeter Kuusk. I am not Peeter Kask. You are Kristel. You are not Tiina. He/She is a student. HefShe is not a teacher. We are teachers. Ma olen Peeter Kuusk. Ma ei ole Peeter Kask. Sa oled Kristel. Sa ei ole Tiina. Ta on Opilane. Ta ei ole Spetaja Me oleme Gpetajad. Me ei ole dpilased. We are not students. Te olete turistid. You are tourists. Te ei ole kohalikud. You are not local people. Nad on kohalikud. They are local (people). Nad ei ole turistid. They are not tourists. 1 We are teachers. a Ta on Gpetaja. 2 You (singular) are not a teacher. 3 They are teachers. ¢ Me oleme Spetajad. 4 He is a teacher. d Teie olete Spetajad. b Ma ei ole Spetaja. 5 Iam not a teacher, e Sa ei ole dpetaja. 6 You (plural, formal) are teachers. f Nad on dpetajad. 7 She is a teacher. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 15 in the Let’s practise! section. Mina raagin / speak — present tense Verbs, i.e. words like ‘speak’, ‘run’, ‘see’, have different endings in Estonian according to who is doing the action. This is different from English, where (usually) the only time the verb ending changes is when ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ is doing the action: I speak, he speaks. Note that the present tense mina raagin in Estonian means I speak, I’m speaking, I will speak and I do speak. me raagime te raagite nad raagivad me ei raagi te el raagi we speak you speak we do not speak you do nad ei raagi they doisyenenm owees 3 In the dictionary you will find verbs in the ‘I-form’ (first person singular); from this you will be able to work out the forms for the other persons. From this unit on, the ‘I-form’ of all verbs will be given, Note that the forms of the word ole/ma, -n to be are read the following way: drop the ending -ma and to ole add -n =. so] am reads ole/n. The same system will be used throughout the book for all verbs. In order to practise this grammar topic further, do Exercises 16-17 in the Let’s Practise! section. Kas sa oled Peeter? Are you Peter? — questions To ask questions in Estonian, we usually use a question word, for example ‘who’ or ‘how’: Kes sina oled? Who are you? Kuidas elate? How are you? When we want to ask a question such as Are you Peeter? or Do you speak Estonian? we use the question word kas? which acts like a marker warning you that what’s coming next is a question: Kas te olete Peeter? (Question) you are Peter? Kas te raagite eesti keelt? (Question) you speak Estonian language? When we answer yes, we say: Jah, olen kill. Yes, I am. Jah, raagin kill Yes, I speak. The word kill is untranslatable but it adds stress to your answet, for instance Kas te raagite saksa keelt? Radagin kiill. Yes I do speak. Kas nad raagivad inglise Raagivad kiill. Yes, they do keel? speak. ‘When you answer no, you say Ei ole. Ma olen Alexander. No, I am not. 1 am Alexander. Kas teie olete Peeter? Kas te raagite vene keelt? Ei raagi. No, I don’t speak, Exercise 12 Translate into Estonian. Use formal address. 1 Are you Jaan Magi? 2. Are you the teacher? 3 Are you a local person? 4 Yes, 1am Jaan Magi. § No, Iam not Kristjan Saar. I am Jiiri Kask. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 18-19 in the Let’s practise! section. ‘Minu, sinu my, your - possessive pronouns When we want to say that something belongs to me, we use the word for I, mina or ma, but we change its ending to show that it means of me, mina or mu. The words for you and they also change. Note that the words tema, meie, teie do not change. my (of me) your (singular) (of you) his, her or its (of him, her or it) you (singular) he; she or it we our (of us) you (plural) nemad/nad they your (plural) (of you) their (of them) Some examples of usage: Kuidas on teie nimi? Mina nimi on Sille. Minu nimi on Sille Soo. Kuidas on sinu eesnimi? What is your name? My name is Sille. My name is Sille Soo. What is your (singular, informal) first name? Mis on teie eesnimi? What is your (plural) first name? Minw eesnimi on Siim. My first name is Siim. Mis on sinu perekonnanimi? What is your (singular, informal) surname? Kuidas on teie What is your (formal) perekonnanimi? surname? Minu perekonnanimi My surname is Luik. on Luik. isyeneyny ouees (8 o POIsyeneyny awees & 20 Exercise 13 Find the right translation. T : 1 our teacher a tema Opetaja your (singular, informal) |b teie Gpetaja teacher 3 their teacher ¢ meie dpetaja his teacher d_ sinu Gpetaja 5 your (plural, formal) e nende Opetaja teacher 6 her teacher In order to practise this topic further, do Exercise 20 in the Ler’s Practise! section. B Formal and informal forms of address Estonian has two ways of saying ‘you’: formal and informal. You use the informal, or familiar, form when talking to a friend or a child. Young people use it when talking to one another. You use the formal form to address a person whom you have not previously met, ora person who stands in a senior position in relation to yourself (such as in student-teacher or patient—doctor relationships). In Estonian society, the rule of using formal address is quite strict and you stand a good chance of being considered ride if you are informal, It is always safest to use the polite form first and if the other person allows or suggests, switch to the informal form. Kas sa oled Peeter? Are you Peeter? (informal) Kas teie olete Peeter Soo? Are you Peeter Soo? (formal) What is your name? (informal) What is your name? (formal) The Estonian word for the informal address is sinatamine and for the formal address teietamine. If you do not want the other person to use the formal address with you, you can say: Mind voib sinatada. lit. You can say ‘you’ to me. Mis sinu nimi on? Mis teie nimi on? In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 21 in the Let’s practise! section. Kas sa saad aru? Do you understand? - compound verbs In Estonian, there are a lot of compound verbs like aru saama to understand, which is made up of two words, the main verb (saama) and the auxiliary verb (aru). These types of verb change their endings as you can see in the table. ma saan aru sa saad aru ta saab aru J understand me saame aru we understand you understand te saate aru you understand he/she understands nad'saavad aru_they understand me eisaaaru we do not understand you do not understand: nadeisaaaru they do not understand maeisaaaru /do not understand saeisaaaru you do not understand he/she does not understand te el saa aru ta ei saa aru As you can see, the yerb (saama) comes first and it changes. The auxiliary (aru) comes second place and it does not change. Sometimes the two parts of a compound verb aren’t next to each other in the sentence, for instance: Ma saan kéigest aru I understand everything. Exercise 14 Fill in the gaps with the word tuttavaks saama fo get acquainted, Ma saan Kauriga tuftavaks. DHnpuwhve Let's practise! Exercise 15 Fill in the blank with the verb olema in its correct form. 1 Ma olen Kristel. 2 Te.. Opetajad. 3 Taci.. kohalik.isyeaenm ewees & 20 turistid. petaja. . Spetajad. OIA Exercise 16 Fill in the right word (I, you etc.). 1 Ma oskan eesti keelt. 2 . oskad eesti keelr. 3 oskab eesti keelt. 4 oskame eesti keelt. 5 oskate eesti keelt. 6 .. oskavad eesti keelt. Exercise 17 Choose the correct form. 1 Mina olen/on Jaan, 2. Meie oleme/oled turistid. 3 Sina on/oled Peeter. 4 Ta raagib/raagin eesti keelt. 5 Te raagite/raagib inglise keelr. 6 Nad oskame/oskavad prantsuse keelt. 7 Ta raagib/raagite vene keelt. Exercise 18 Answer the questions. Give both positive and negative answer. 1 Kas sa raagid vene keelt? Radgin Riill. Ei raagi. 2° Ka te (pl) raagite vene keelt? 3 Kas nad raagivad vene keelt? 4 Kas tema raagib vene keelt? © Exercise 19 Translate into Estonian, Listen to the correct answers. Do you (pl, formal) speak Estonian? No, I don’t. Does she speak French? Yes she does. Do they speak Spanish? Yes they do. Do they speak English? No they don’t. Do you (sing, informal) speak German? No I don’t. Ubwre Exercise 20 Choose the correct form, Kuidas on sina/sinu nimi? Minu/mina nimi on Piret. Kuidas on sina/sinu perekonnanimi? Mu/ma perekonnanimi on Sepp. Harra Jogi on nad/nende dpetaja. Harra Jogi on ka mina/minu Gpetaja. Aww Exercise 21 Translate as formal questions. Translate as informal questions. Are you Peeter Paasuke? Do you speak English? What is your name? What is your surname? One Let’s communicate! Exercise 22 Here are some situations for you to practice, You are a tourist and the conversations take place at your hotel. 1 You are asked something in Estonian but you don’t understand. What would you say? 2 Someone approaches you and asks Kas teie olete harra Poder? What do you say? 3 The person at the registration desk needs to fill in a registration form and asks you Kuidas on teie perekonnanimi? How do you answer? 4 Then she asks Kas te raagite eesti keelt? What do you say? S You see the same person the next morning and she asks Kuidas laheb? How do you answer? 6 You are sharing a breakfast table with an Estonian lady who introduces herself by saying her first name. How do you respond? aw hay g Z z 5 a 20Go Exercise 23 You are asked the following questions. Answer them. Listen to the correct answers. Kas te raiigite inglise keelt? Answer Yes, I do. ite saksa keelt? Answer Unfortunately, I don’t. ite eesti keelt? Answer Sorry, I don’t understand. Kas te raagite italia keelt? Answer A little. Kas te raagite jaapani keelt? You didn’t quite hear what was said. Say Excuse me? 38 ® B 3 2 3 a nbwnD A b a 8 5 © Exercise 24 Complete the dialogue. You are meeting Mihkel for the first time. Listen to the completed dialogue. 20 Sina Say Good morning. Mihkel Tere! Sina Say your name. Mihkel Vga meeldiv. Mina olen Mihkel. Oo Sina Say Very pleasant, and ask if Mihkel speaks English. x< ~~ < Mihkel Ei, kahjuks ei raagi. oO Q) Sina Ask if Mihkel speaks German. Cc ec Mibkel Ragin kill. Natukene, ie) aes Exercise 25 3 Q) Do the following. @ oO 1 Say hello. _ 2 Say that you are Anna/Peter. = _ 3 Ask politely what is the other person’s name you don’t know. > ©. 4 You didn’t hear very well. Say Excuse me? ® 5 You heard the name this time. Say Very pleasant. oO 7 a a . oO gag (© In this unit you will learn a Exercise 26 + how to ask where something Do the following. Listen to the completed dialogue. > s ne) @O is located 1 You meet a friend on the street. Say Hello. @ * how to ask about city 2 Ask how she is. 2 = transport 3. She is very well. Now she wants to know how you are. j * how to tell the taxidriver 4 Say Thank you (i.e. thank you for asking) and say you OO where you want to go are OK. ¢ how to name vehicles and Places in town * how to say the cardinal numbers (11-1 million)40 i q 3 3 5 8 €0 DBListening 1 You will hear people asking where something is located. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 1-2 below. a Turist Tere! Vabandage, kus on kohvik? Védras_ Kohvik on siin. b Turist Tere! Vabandage, kus on bussipeatus? Vééras Vaadake, see on seal. c Turist © Vabandage, kus on valjapaas? V6éras_ Vist seal, sealpool. d Turist | Vabandage, kus on infopunkt? Vééras See on seal, suures saalis. e Turist | Vabandage, kus on tualett? VG6ras Vaadake, see on seal trepi juures. f Turist Vabandage, kas te teate, kus on taksopeatus? Vodras Ma t6esti ei tea. V6ib-olla sealpool. turist,-i tourist vodras, vG6ra_—s stranger vabanda/ma, -n _to apologize vabandage = excuse:me (plural, formal) kus where kohvik,-u café, coffee shop sin here bussipeatus,-e bus stop see, selle it seal there valjapaas, -u exit vist probably sealpool in that direction infopunkt, -i —_ information desk, information office suur,-e big saal,-i hall suures saalis _in the big hall tualett, tualeti —_ toilet, WC vaata/ma,-n to look vaadake ook trepp, trepi stairs trepijuures —_at the stairs, near the stairs tead/ma, tea/n to know taksopeatus, -e taxi stop toesti really vGib-olla maybe NB! The explanation about the words like turist, -i tourist and its forms etc, is described on page 47-8, Exercise 1 Listen to the dialogues and underline the places you hear. apteek, bussipeatus, infopunkt, hotell, kohvik, suur saal, taksopeatus, tualett, valjapaas Exercise 2 Choose the right translation. 1 See on siin, altis here. b It is there. 2° Vaadake, kohvik on seal. a Look, the coffee shop is over there. b Maybe the coffee shop is in that direction. 3 See.on suures saalis. a It’s near the stairs. b It’s in the big hall. 4 Ma toesti ei tea, altishere. b I really don’t know. Oistening 2 You will hear people asking for directions. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 3-5 according to the dialogues. a Turist Vabandage, kas see buss laheb lennujaama? Bussijuht Jah, laheb kill, rs = Z : i 3 £042 5 g 3 e g 5 § €0 Turist: Vabandage, kas see buss laheb sadamasse? Bussijuht Ei |ahe. Sadamasse lahevad trammid number iiks ja kaks. Cc Turist Oelge palun, mis bussid lahevad kesklinna? Vodras Ma arvan, et kaheksa ja kaheksateist ja vist kakskiimmend kaheksa ka. d Turist Tere! Vabandage, kuidas ma kesklinna saan? Véoras Minge trolliga number koim. bussi/juht, -juhi = busdriver buss, -i bus mine/ma, lahe/n to go fennujaam, -a airport Kas see buss laheb Does this bus go to the lennujaama? = airport? Laheb kill. Yes, if does. sadam, -a harbour tramm, -i tram number, numbri = number iitle/ma,-n to say, to tell éelge palun please tell (pl, formal) mis bussid — what buses kesklinn,-a city centre arva/ma,-n to guess vist’ probably, perhaps kuidas) how Kuidas ma kesklinna saan? ~How do! get to the city centre? saa/ma, -n _here: to get to minge go (imperative, pl, formal) troll, -| troffeybus trolliga by trolleybus Exercise 3 Listen and choose the right answer. a buss, b tramm, ¢ troll a buss, b tramm, c troll a buss, b tramm, c troll 1 Lennujaama laheb 2 Sadamasse laheb 3 Kesklinna laheb Exercise 4 Choose the correct translation. 1 Vabandage, kas see buss laheb lennujaama? a Excuse me, does this bus go to the airport? b Excuse me, does this bus go to the harbour? 2. Kesklinna lahevad bussid number itks ja kaks. a Buses number 1 and 2 go to the city centre. b Buses number (1 and 12 go to the city centre. 3 Minge trolliga number viis. a Go by trolleybus no 5. b Go by bus no 5. Exercise 5 Decide which one of the responses is not correct. Three responses are correct for each question. 1 Vabandage, kas see buss laheb kesklinna? a Selge. b Ei lahe. c Jah, laheb kill. d Ma arvan, et laheb kill. 2 Sdidame palun kesklinna. a Kohe. b Selge. ¢ Jah, labeb kill. d Jah. 3 Vabandage, kus on kohyik? a Vist seal, sealpool. b Jah, laheb kiill. c Ma toesti ei tea. d See on siin. Q_Listening 3 You will hear dialogues between a taxidriver and a client. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 6-7 according to the dialogues. a Klient Tere! Sdidame palun keskiinna, Taksojuht Selge. 43 5 5 i : 8 €0b 4 Where does the client go in dialogue d and how much does Klient Tere! Parnu maantee Uiheksa palun. it cost? Taksojuht Parnu maantee kaheksa, jah? Klient Ei, Parnu maantee Gheksa. A Taksojuht — Selge. Vabandust. Exercise 7 ¢ Here are some situations to practise. There are two correct answers for each situation. 44 45 5 é a 2 2 3 3 é z g g Klient Tervist. Hotell Viru juurde paiun. Taksojuht = Jah. 1 You would like to go to the town centre. What do you say? Klient Kui palju see maksab? a Tervist. Kesklinna palun. Taksojuht Sada krooni. b Tere. Sdidame palun kesklinna. d c Tere. Palun delge, kus on kesklinn. ©] Klient Tere! Sditke palun Kumu Kunstimuuseumi juurde. 2 You would like to go to Parnu maantee 9, What do you say? oo Taksojuht = Kohe. a Tere, Parnu maantee kaheksa palun. Klient Kui palju see maksab? b Tere. Parnu maantee itheksa palun. Taksojuht © Umbes kaheksakiimmend krooni. e Tere. Sditke palun Parnu maantee iiheksa juurde, 3 You would like to ask about the price of the service. What klient, kliendi client, customer do you say? takso,- taxi a Kas see maksab sada krooni? takso/juht, juhi —_ taxidriver b Kas see on Parnu maantee? sdit/ma, sdid/an_—_to drive, to go c Kui palju see maksab? selge OK, clear Mmaantee,- road, highway Do Parnu maantee = Pamu highway i 5 hotell,-i hotel Listening 4 hotell Viru juurde to the hotel Viru You will hear dialogues that take place in town. Listen and then kui palju. how much complete Exercises 8-9. maks/ma, -an to cost, to pay a sada; saja_— hundred Mall —_ Oi, vaata, seal on loomaaed! kroon,-i crown ; Martin Ohhoo! séitke drive, go (imperative, pl, formal) Mall Ja siin on kaubanduskeskus. kunstimuuseum, -i art museum Martin —_Téesti? Nii vaike! Kumu kunstimuuseumi juurde to (the) Kumu art museum b kohe at once, immediately - Tonu Kas see on teater? kah ksakiimmend oun Erki Ei, see on turg. Teater on seal. e a Ténu Ahah. i e Exerclve 8 : Jaan Vabandage, kus siin on apteek? Listen and answer the questions. Vaéras —Apteek on seal. Aga see on juba kinni. 1 Where does the client want to go in dialogue a? Jaan Ahah. Aitah, 2 Does the client want to go to Parnu maantee 9 or 8 in dialogue b? 3 Where does the client go in dialogue c and how much does it cost?4°" uo sny ‘eBepuegen 3S €0 looma/aed, -aia Ohhoo! kaubanduskeskus, -¢ Toesti? vaike, vaikse Nii vaikel ahah apteek, apteegi aga juba kinni Zoo Oh! department store, (Am.) mall Really? small So small! OK, } see (informal) chemist's but already closed. Exercise 8 Which places do you hear in the dialogues? Listen and tick the box(es) for each dialogue Places a b c 1 teater 2 turg 3 _kaubanduskeskus | 4 kunstimuuseum 5 loomaaed vt 6 sadam 7 apteek 8 lennujaam Exercise 9 Answer the questions. There are three correct answers to each question. 1 Kas see on kunstimuuseum? a_ Ei, see on hotell. b Abah. ¢ Jah, on kill. d Kunstimuuseum on seal. 2 Oi, vaata, seal on teater! a Ahah. b Ohhoo! c¢ Ma toesti ei tea. d Nii vaike! 3 Vabandage, kus on loomaaed? a Obhoo! b Siin, aga see on juba kinni, c Vaadake, see on seal. d Vabandust, ma testi ei tea. Language patterns Kus on ...? Where is ...? — inessive case, adessive case In English, words like zoo, shop, new, old etc. do not usually change in the sentence. Different meanings are indicated with prepositions like with, in, at, near etc. In Estonian instead of prepositions bits of info are added to the end of the word (they are called case endings) and it is written as one word, for instance teatris means in the theatre. Estonian also has postpositions that are written as separate words, for instance teatri juures means near the theatre. All case endings and postpositions are added not to the first form that is found in the dictionary but usually to the so-called second form (called genitive as a grammatical term), which always ends with either i, e, a, or u and can also otherwise differ from the first form; for instance, turg sarket is the first form, but if you want to say near the market or at the market you have to know the second form, which is turu, correspondingly turu juures near the market, turul at the market. It may seem rather complicated but there’s no need to worry as mostly what you will see in text is the second form and you will just have to remember it. It is useful, however, when starting to learn Estonian always to learn both the first and second forms, both of which you will find in dictionaries, From this unit on second forms are also presented in the vocabulary lists. Note how the second form of the words turist towrist, kohvik coffee shop etc. aré read: the ending given after the comma is just added to the end of the word, so, for instance, the second form of the word turist reads turisti etc. If some sound changes take place within the word, the second form will be given as a 47 5 : a £ 5 2 3 ss £048 3 é 3 E 5 8 ks £0 full word, for instance trepp, trepi The same system will be used throughout the book for all such types of word. Note how the forms for the words made of two words (like bussijuht) are given: if the second part of the word has sound changes, it will be written out and you should read it like this bussi/juht, -juhi = bussijuhi. Now we will learn some case endings which indicate where something or someone is located. When we want to say where something or someone is, we can use either the ending -s, the ending -/ or a postposition (for instance juures near). The ending -s usually indicates that the location is inside something. In English, the prepositions in, inside, or at are used in this case. The ending -f usually indicates that the location is on something. It corresponds to English on or at. Note that the meaning of -s inside and -! on is not always so straightforward, since with some words it just depends on tradition which ending is used, for instance we always say koolis at school, loomaaias in the zoo, suvilas in the summerhouse, teatris in the theatre, kinos at the cinema etc. but kontserdil at the concert, turul at the market, naitusel at the exbibition; koosolekul at the meeting etc. ‘The postposition juures shows that something is near something or somebody. Here are some examples. Mis? What? Kus? Where? Kus? Where? buss, bus bussis in the bus bussi juures near the bus hotell, - hotel hotellis in/at the hotel hotelll juures near the hotel teater. teatri theatre |teatris in/at the theatre ‘teatri juures near the theatre Jaam, -a station |jaamas in/at the station —_| jaama juures-near the station apteek, apteegi chemist's | apteegis in/at the chemist's| apteegi juures near the chemist's ‘Sur saal, suuré saali suures saalis suure saali juures: big hall in the big hall near the big Hall ‘turg, turu market iturul at the market turu juures near the market Jaud, laua table |laual on the table laua juures near the fable maantee, - road maanteel on the road maantee juures near the road ‘trepp, trepi stairs trepil on the stairs trepi juures near the stairs Note that the adjective and noun have the same endings, for instance:suur saal — sutures saalis in the big hall. Exercise 10 Answer the questions. Mis? What? Kus? Where? 1 tramm, -i tram trammis 2 muuseum, -i museum 3 sadam, -a harbour 4 kesklinn, -a city § suur,-ehotell,-i big hotel 6 tualett, tualeti toilet, WC 7 valjak, -u square valjakul 8 tanav, -a street 9 sein, -a wall 10 tee, - road In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 15 in the Let’s practise! section. Kuhu te lahete? Where are you going to? — illative case, allative case Mees on hotellis. A man goes to the hotel. A man is in the hotel. ‘We have learnt how to indicate Jocation and now we will have a closer look at how to indicate movement towards a certain location, ie how to answer the question kuhu? where to? In Estonian, different types of case ending are used, which all translate into English as fo or into. If you remember the case endings for the question kus? where?, then you will find it easy to work out the right endings for question kuhu? where to? 49 5 o 3 5 3 5 2 5 s £050 5 & z $ 5 8 Ey €0 If the case ending for kus? where? was -/, then for kuhu? where to? it is -le. If the case ending for kus? where? was -s, then for kuhu? where to? it is -sse or there is no case ending, at all and the so-called short form is used instead. Here are some examples. Kus? Where? 4 Olen turul. J am at the market. Olen toél. I am at work. Olen naitusel. I am at the exbibition. +8 Olen kohvikus. I am in the coffee shop. Olen bussipeatuses. I am in the bus stop. Olen teatris. I am at the theatre. Ss Olen infopunktis. I am at the info desk. Olen lennujaamas. Lam at the airport. Olen apteegis. I amt at the chemists. Olen kodus. I am at home. Kuhu? -le Lahen turule, I go to the market. Lahen tédle. I go to work. Lahen nditusele. I go to the exhibition. Where to? -sse Lahen kohvikusse. I go to the coffee shop. Lahen bussipeatusesse (bussipeatusse). I go to the bus stop. Lahen teatrisse I go to the theatre. short form (without ending) Lahen infopunkti. I go to the info desk. Lahen lennujaama. I go to the airport. Lahen apteeki. I go-to the chemist’s. Lahen koju. I go. home. Note that the ending -sse is used less than the short form. The list of different types of the short form can be found in appendix 4. Lahen hoitelli juurde / will go by the hote! When we want to express that we go near something, we can use the postposition juurde, in English up to, towards, by something. Raa EH HOTELL Mees laheb hotelli juurde. A man goes by the hotel. Mees on hotelli juures. A man.is near the hotel. Kus? Where? ‘Olen hotelli juures. I am near the botel. Olen trepi juures. I am near the stairs. Olen muuseumi juures. I am near the museum. Kuhu? Where to? Lahen hotelli juurde. I go by the hotel. Lahen trepi juurde. I go by the stairs. Lahen muuseumi juurde, I go by the museum. Q Exercise 11 Answer the questions. Listen to the correct answers. Kuhu? Where to? Lahen Parau maanteele. Kus? Where? 1 Olen Parnu maanteel. 2 Olen véistlusel, 3 Olen Vabaduse valjakul. 4 Olen sadamas. 5 Olen kaubanduskeskuses. 6 Olen taksos. 7 Olen muuseumis. 8 Olen kaupluses. 9 Olen kesklinnas, 10 Olen infopunktis. LANE oo. seeseeeeeneneeees 11 Olen kohviku juures. Lahen kohviku juurde. 12 Olen kaupluse juures. Lahen ., sens In order to practise the last two grammar topics further do Exercises 16-18 in the Let’s practise! section. 51 3 z z 3 5 3 £0@ Travelling to Estonia The best landmark for Estonia is Ladnemeri the Baltic Sea, which washes its northern and western coasts. The capital of Estonia, Tallinn, with its medieval city centre is situated on the northern coast. Helsingi Helsinki is located, a distance of 85 km away on the opposite shore of Soome laht the Gulf of Finland. The other bigger cities close to Tallinn are Riia Riga (307 km), Peterburi St Petersburg (395 km) and Stockholm Stockholm (405 km). All international flights to Estonia use Tallinn airport. Lennujaam the airport |s about 3 km from the city centre, not quite walking distance but easily accessible by either taxi or by bus. There are direct flights to Estonia from western Europe and Scandinavia (Frankfurt Frankfurt, Berlin Berlin, London London, Pariis Paris, Amsterdam Amsterdam, Barcelona Barcelona, Milaano: Milan, Oslo Oslo, Stockholm Stockholm, Helsingi Helsinki) and from Balti riigid the Baltic: States (Rila Riga, Vilnius Vilnius), Venemaa Russia (Moskva Moscow), Ukraina Ukraine (Kiiev Kiev) and Valgevene Belarus (Minsk Minsk). The Estonian national airline is Estonian Air, having a small fleet of Boeing 737-500s and 737-300s. Bus is the cheapest mode of transport to and from Estonia and Euroline links Tallinn with western Europe and Scandinavia. Bussijaam the bus station in Tallinn is about 20 minutes’ walk from the city centre and is easily accessible by taxi, bus or tram. Raudteejaam the railway station is next to vanalinn the old town. A train runs each night between Tallinn and Moscow. 52 53 i i $ 4 z 5 5 3 3 i, is €0 £0 The busiest means of transport between Tallinn and the os 4 Podla eared Scandinavian Europe is laev the ferry as over 2 million passengers a Y sakeamaa ak 5 \ year travel across the Gulf of Finland between Helsinki and Tallinn. It KG x ao ae v is also possible. to take a boat directly fo Rootsi Sweden and Set OF Saksamaa Germany. Sadam the harbour consists of several terminal terminals, some of which are only a 10-minute walk from the old town.54 3 i é e : 5 5 i €0 Consonant changes As you saw earlier, the consonants (k, p, t, g, b, d) within the first and the second form sometimes also differ. Now we will have a look at some of the most typical changes. first form second form + case ending kk ~k tekk blanket tekil on the blanket pp-p trepp stairs trepil on the stairs tt-t kott bag kotis in the bag k-g apteek chemist’s | apteegis at the chemist’s p-b vaip carpet vaibal on the carpet t-d tort (fancy) cake _|tordil on the cake o-g turg market turul at the market disappears d-d pood shop poes in the shop disappears b-b tuba room toas in the room disappears Note that in words such as pood shop and tuba room it is not only the consonants that change. Fortunately, there are not too many words like this in Estonian. Palun iitle, Palun delge Please tel/ — imperative ‘When we want to tell or ask somebody to do something, specific language forms called imperatives are used. There ate two such forms: the singular and plural, When talking to one person who is a good friend or child, the singular is used. When talking to several people and in formal situations the plural is used. Ir is always polite to add the word palun please to the sentence. Now we will have a look at how to make the forms of imperative. To make the singular form just leave off the ending like raagin I speak Raagi! Speak!. In the negative, we add the word ara - Ara réagi! Don’t speak! Imperative singular teen I do Tee! Do! Ara tee! Don’t do! vaatan I look Vaata! Look! Ara vaata! Don’t look! vabandan Vabanda! Ara yabanda! I apologize Apologize! Don't apologize! iitlen I say Utle! Say! Ara iitle! Don’t say! maksan I pay Maksa! Pay! Ara maksa! Don’t pay! sdidan I drive Sdida! Drive! Ara sdida! Don’t drive! [NB lahen I go | Mine! Got Ara mine! Don’t go! The plural form is a little more complicated to make and we will look at it in more detail later. For the moment note that plural (or polite form) ends with -ke or -ge and to say the request negatively we add the word arge. Imperative plural [retket Do! Arge tehke! Don’t do! | Vaadake!l Look! Arge vaadake! Don’t look! Vabandage! Apologize! | Arge vabandage! Don’t apologize! Oelge! Say/tell! Arge Gelge! Don't say/tell! Makske! Pay! Arge makske! Don't pay! Sditke! Drive! Arge sditke! Don’t drive! Minge! Go! Arge minge! Don't go! Exercise 12 Fill in the blanks with imperative singular forms, The first one is done for you. Ara tee! bese Tee! 2 sdidan 3 vaatan 55 é 2 é 3 5 8 by £056 a & 5 3 a 5 a 2S = z & 9 $ Ms €0 In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 19-20 in the Let’s practise! section. Sditke bussiga number 2 Take bus number 2 ~ comitative case When talking about driving by different means of transport in Estonian the ending -ga is added to the end of the means of transport, for instance ma sdidan bussiga. Literally, it means I drive with the bus. In English the preposition by is used instead. mis? what? sdidan millega? —_drive/go by what? buss, -i bus bussiga by bus tramm, -i tram trammiga by tram troll, -i trolleybus trolliga by trolleybus takso, - taxi taksoga by taxi Note that I go by foot in Estonian is lahen jala or lahen jalgsi, ie the case ending -ga is not used. Exercise 13 Answer the questions. mis? what? sdidan millega?. go by what? 1 laev,-a ferry laevaga 2 lennuk, -i aeroplane 3 jalg/ratas, -ratta bike 4 = auto, - car 5 metroo, - metro 6 rong, -i train 7 marsruuttakso, - minibus In order to practise these grammar topics further do Exercises 21-22 in the Let’s practise! section. ® transport in cities Public transport in Estonia means buss bus, takso taxi or marsruuttakso minibus. In Tallinn, tramm tram, troll trolleybus and elektrirong electric train also run. Peatus the stops are marked with blue and white signs indicating the means of transportation and corresponding numbers for different routes. There is no metro metro in Estonia. Pilet the ticket can be purchased at any kiosk kiosk (unless they have put up a sign Pileteid ei ole There are no tickets for sale) or from the driver, but this costs slightly more, Kuupilet monthly tickets are also sold, which are useful to have in case you have to travel many times a day. Once you have the ticket you should punch it after entering the means of transportation. In Tallinn, the tram rails often run in the middle of the road, so passengers wait on the pavement and when the trams stop on these tracks, the rest of the traffic. will stop to allow passengers on or off, and then move on with the tram. Ekspressbuss express bus involves.a slightly more expensive ticket and there are fewer bus stops; mostly they run to the outskirts of towns, just like the elektrirong electric train in Tallinn. Kaksteist, kakskiimmend Twelve, twenty -— cardinal numbers The rules for constructing numbers above 10 in Estonian are quite ‘simple. First, you have to know the basic numbers (1-10), For 11-19 the word -teist (English -teen) is added to the first digit and for all tens -kiimmend is added. 11 iiks + teist = tiksteist 12 kaks + teist = kaksteist 13 kolm + teist = kolmteist 14 neli + teist = neliteist 15. viis + teist = viisteist 16 kuus + teist = kuusteist 17 seitse + teist = seitseteist 18 kaheksa + teist kaheksateist 19 itheksa + teist itheksateist 20 kaks + kiimmend = kakskiimmend 30 kolm + kiimmend = kolmktimmend 40 neli + kiimmend = elikiimmend 50 viis + kiimmend = viiskiimmend 60 kuus + kiimmend = kuuskiimmend 70 seitse + kiimmend = seitsekiimmend 80 kaheksa + kiimmend = kaheksakiimmend 90 iiheksa + kiimmend = theksakiimmend q i 2 $ z i 8 , €058 5 é 3 s 8 5 3 €0 The numbers from 21 up are formed in the same way as in English, Note that the number is written as two separate words. For example: 21 kakskiimmend iiks, 32 kolmkiimmend kaks. The hundreds from 100 up are formed in the following way (bundred is sada): 100 = sada 200 kaks + sada = kakssada 300 kolm + sada = kolmsada 400 neli + sada = nielisada 500 viis + sada = viissada 600 kwus + sada = kuussada 700 seitse + sada = seitsesada 800 kaheksa + sada = kaheksasada 900 tiheksa + sada = tiheksasada The thousands are formed in the same way as hundreds but written as two separate words (thousand is tuhat). 1000 tuhat 6000 kuus tuhat 2000 kaks tuhat 7000 seitse tuhat 3000 kolm that 8000 kaheksa tuhat 4000 neli that 9000 itheksa tuhat 5000 viis tuhat 10,000 kiimme tuhat The millions are formed in the following way (million is miljon): 1 million miljon 2 million kaks miljonit 3 million kolm miljonit DeExercise 14 1 Listen to the cardinal numbers from the previous grammar section and repeat. 12 kaksteist 16 . 20. 28. 37. 70 100 3000 Fa emo nares Write the numbers in words. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 23-24 in the Let’s practise! section. @ Estonian currency The Estonian currency is the kroon crown, which is broken down into 100 cents (100 senti). The abbreviation for Estonian crown Is kr (internationally EEK). The Estonian crown is fixed against the euro at 1 EUR = 15,6466 EEK. Paberraha (the notes, lit paper money) come In eight denominations: 1 kroon 7-crown note, 2 krooni 2-crown note, 5 krooni 5-crown note, 10 krooni 10-crown note, 25 krooni 25-crown note, 50 krooni 50-crown note, 100 krooni 100-crown note and 500 krooni 500-crown note. All notes have a prominent Estonian figure on one side and a significant place or building on the other side, i.e 1-crown note Estonian artist Kristjan Raud (1865-1943); ‘Toompea castle in Tallinn with the tower of Tall Hermann 2- crown note Estonian/German anthropologist, naturalist and geographer K. E. von Baer (1792-1876); Tartu University (founded in 1632) 5-crown note Estonian chess player and International Grand Master Paul Keres (1916-75); Narva stronghold on the Narva River §9 é c ; ' £060 z é & 5 g a £0 10-crown note folklorist, theologian and linguist Jakob Hurt (1839-1907); Tamme-Lauri oak at Urvaste Estonian writer Anton Hansen-Tammsaare (1878-1940); rural log construction farm at Vargamae Estonian composer Rudolf Tobias (1873-1918); Estonia Opera House in Tallinn. first Estonian female poet and playwright Lydia Koidula (1843-86); north Estonian limestone cliff politician and journalist Karl Robert Jakobson (1841-82); Estonian national bird, barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in flight against a landscape background The 10-crown note is, in spoken language, often called kiimnekas and the 25-crown note kahekiimnevilekas. For 100-crown note, people say Koidula and for 500 crowns Jakobson. Estonian miindid coins (miint coin) are small and lightweight and come in six denominations: viis senti 5 cents, kiimme senti 10 cents, kakskiimmend senti 20 cents, viiskiimmend senti 50 cents, 1 kroon 1-crown, viis krooni 5-crowns. Parkimisautomaat the parking meter takes. 1-crown and 5-crown coins, although in bigger cities paying for parking by mobile phone is more widely used. All public phones are card operated but they are hard to find as most people have mobile phones nowadays. 25-crown note 50-crown note 100-crown note 500-crown note. Let’s practise! Exercise 15 Divide the words into two groups depending on whether they take the ending -s or -I ina sentence of the type Ma olen muuseumis. kesklinn, naitus, sadam, turg, tramm, valjak, tualett, teater, maantee, lennujaam, laud, trepp Exercise 16 Choose the right form. Olen sadamas/sadamasse. Olen lennujaama/lennujaamas. Olen kesklinna/kesklinnas. Olen Parnu maanteel/Parnu maanteele. Olen kunstimuuseumi juurde/kunstimuuseumi juures. Olen hotell Viru juures/hotell Virw juurde. DAubwone Exercise 17 Choose the right form. Sdidan teatrisse/teatris. Lahen turul/tarule. Sdidan apteegis/apteeki. Lahen kaubanduskeskuses/kaubanduskeskusse. Sdidan lennujaamas/lennujaama. Lahen muuseumi juures/muuseumi juurde, Lahen trepi juures/trepi juurde. N DUN EWN Exercise 18 Write down where you would go to in order to do the things you want, You want Kuhu? 1 acup of coffee Lahen kohvikusse. 2 some medicine Lahen .. 3 to travel by plane Lahen .. 4 to ask for some info Lahen . 5 to buy some vegetables Lahen . 6 to see a play Lahen . i to take a bus Lahen . to do some work Lahen . teater, kohvik, apteek, t66, bussipeatus, infopunkt, lennujaam, turg o = & 5 : 3 3 £062 5 a 2 S 3 5 8 €0 Exercise 19 Choose the correct form. Vabandan/vabanda, kus on tualett? Vaata/vaatan, seal on loomaaed! Sdida/sdidan palun kunstimuuseumi juurde! Maksan/maksa sada krooni! Ara séidan/soida hotelli juurde! Ara maksa/maksan 100 krooni! Auavdye Exercise 20 Make the requests formal. Sdida palun hotelli juurde. Séitke palun hotelli juurde. Vaata, seal on loomaaed! Mine apteeki! .,....-...000 Utle, kus on bussipeatus! AWN Exercise 21 Which of these words are not a means of transport? auto, buss, infopunkt, jalgratas, kaubanduskeskus, kohvik, laev, lennuk, loomaaed, rong, sadam, takso, tramm, troll, turg Exercise 22 Form sentences according to the example. teater, sditma, laev Teatrisse sdidame laevaga. turg, sdirma, rong . 166, sditma, lennuk. apteek, sditma, auto infopunkt, sditma, jalgratas aber Exercise 23 63 Find the correct match, < 1 kuuskimmend tiheksa a 15 i 2 viisteist b 28 2 3 kolmkiimmend c 46 5 4 iiheksateist d 69 ? 5 viissada kuuskiimmend iiks e 71 * 6 kolmkiimmend kaheksa f 30 o 7 kaheksakiimmend kaks g 82 oo 8 tiksteist h 19 9 nelikiimmend kuus iil 10 seitsekiimmend iiks j 38 -| 11 tubat kakssada kaheksakiimmend iiheksa | k 561 [2 kakskiimmend kaheksa T 1289 Gexercise 24 What numbers do you hear? Write them down in figures. Let’s communicate! o Exercise 25 ‘You are asked the following questions. Answer them, then listen to the correct answers. Vabandage, kus on infopunkt? Say It’s here. Vabandage, kus on valjapaas? Say It’s there. Vabandage, kus on apteek? Say It’s probably in that direction, Vabandage, kus on kohvik? Say I really don’t know, Swne64 a : ° x 5 $ 4 £0 Gexercise 26 Complete the dialogue. You are talking to the bus driver, After you have completed the dialogue, listen to the recording and check. Sina Say Hello! Bussijuht Tere! Sina Apologize and ask if this bus goes to the airport. Bussijuht Ei lahe. Sina Ask which buses go to the airport. Bussijuht Lennujaama laheb buss number kaks. Sina: Say Thank you. Exercise 27 Do the following. You want to take the bus to the town centre. a Say Hello. b_ Ask politely where the bus stop is. c The person you asked tells you it’s over there. Say Thank you. d The bus comes, Ask the driver if this bus goes to the town centre, e He tells you it goes and gives you the ticket. Ask how much it costs, f It costs 15 crowns. Say Thank you. Exercise 28 Do the following. You are standing at the bus stop and you want to go to the art museum, a b Say Hello!, and ask what buses go to the art museum. You are told that it’s buses no, 18 and 61, You are not quite sure if you heard right. Repeat the numbers of the buses for clarification. Your bus arrives and you start driving off. Soon you see a building that looks like a museum. Ask the driver if this is the art museum. The driver says it is. Say OK and thank you. &E9ACU NOA |IIM TeUM 9]19} ep Hw é In this unit you will learn + how to order food and drinks in a bar + how to clarify your order « how to ask questions about foodzouer ep 2 0 DListening 1 In this dialogue a customer is ordering food and drink in a coffee shop. Listen to the dialogue and complete Exercise 1. Klient Tere hommikust! Baaridaam Tere! Klient Palun iiks must kohv. Baaridaam Palun. Kas see on k6ik? Klient Ei. Palun veel tiks kartulisalat. Baaridaam = Palun. Kakskmmend viis krooni. Klient Palun. Baaridaam Aitah. Klient, Kliendi, klienti baaridaam, -i, -i palun iiks ... must, -a, -a kohv, -i, -i see, selle, seda k6ik Kas see on kGik? Palun veel iiks ... client, customer bar tender (female) one .., please (lit. please one ...) black coffee this. all, everything Is this all? One ... more please. (lit. please more one ...) kartulisalat, -i, -it potato salad Note that from this unit on three main forms are given for nouns (see also the grammar section pp. 77-8). Exercise 1 Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answers, 1 The dialogue took place a in the evening, b during the day, c in the morning. 2, The client bought a a black coffee, b two black coffees, ¢ a black coffee and an orange juice. 3 The client a didn’t buy anything else, b bought a potato salad c bought a sandwich. 4 The client paid a 20 kroons, b 15 kroons, ¢ 25 kroons. GB Listening 2 67 Urmas is ordering a drink at the bar. Listen to the dialogue and 2 then complete Exercises 2-3. & Baarman Tere! g Urmas: Uks 6lu palun. id Baarman Kas suur vGi vaike? Urmas Vaike. Baarman Kohe. Nelikiimmend krooni. Urmas Palun. Baarman Ma toon teie Gile lauda. Urmas Vaga tore. Oo & baarman, -i,-i bar tenderer (male) Glu, Glle, Slut beer suur, -9, -t big viike, -se, -st small Kas suur voi vaike? A big of a small one? kohe right away too/ma, -n to bring Jaud, laua, lauda table Ma toon teie dlle lauda. / will bring your beer to the table. vaga tore very good Exercise 2 Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answers. 1 Urmas is ordering a juice, b beer, c water. 2 He wants to have aa small glass, b a medium glass, ca big glass. 3 He has to pay a 20 kroons, b 30 kroons, c 40 kroons. 4 He will have his:drink a at the bar, b at the table, c at home. Exercise 3 What do these questions mean? Choose the correct translation. 1 Kas suur vai vaike salat? a Would you like to a big ora small salad? b = Would you like to one or two salads? 2 Ma toon teie Glle lauda. a I will give you your beer now. b I will bring your beer to the table. 3 Kohe. a Immediately. b We don’t have it.zomrep B GB istening 3 In this dialogue a client is choosing and buying pies. Listen to the dialogue and complete Exercise 4 below. Ettekandja Tere! Mida teile? Klient Tere! Uks pirukas palun. Ettekandja Mis pirukat te soovite? Klient Aga mis pirukad teil on? Ettekandja Meil on liha- ja kohupiimapirukad. Klient Aga mis pirukad need on? Ettekandja Need on seenepirukad. Vaga head. Klient Olgu. Vétan siis kaks seenepirukat. Ettekandja Kas veel midagi? Klient Aitah, see on koik. ettekandja,-,-t waitress Mida teile? = What will you have? (lit. What for you?) pirukas, piruka, pirukat small pie, pasty soovi/ma,-n to wish Mis pirukat te soovite? What pie do you wish? aga but Mis pirukad teil on? What pies do you have? meilon we have liha/pirukas, -piruka, -pirukat meat pie kohupiima/pirukas, curd pie -piruka, -pirukat need, nende, neid these Mis pirukad need on? = What pies are these? seene/pirukas, -piruka, mushroom pie ~pirukat vaga very hea od kahjuks — unfortunately olgu OK siis then vét/ma, -an _to take, get Kas veel midagi? anything'else? (lit. more something?) See on kéik. That's all. Exercise 4 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 4 The client wants to buy 10 pies. 2 There are three types of pie on sale. 3 The client wants to buy meat pies. 4 Eventually the client bought two mushroom pies. Distening 4 Kristel is ordering a drink. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercise 5, Kelner Mis ma teile toon? Kristel Palun iiks mineraalvesi. Kelner Kas gaasiga vol ilma? Kristel lima gaasita palun. Aga jaaga kui véimalik. Kelner Uks hetk. kelner, -i,-it waiter too/ma,-n to bring mineraal/vesi, ~vee, -vett mineral water gaas, -i,-i gas gaasiga with gas ima without Kas gaasiga vai ilma? With gas or without? gaasita without gas i jaa,-,-d ice jaaga_— with ice kui véimalik —_if possible iks hetk just a moment (lit. one moment) Exercise 5 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 1 Kristel wants to have mineral water. She wants to have mineral water with gas. 3 She wants to have ice in her mineral water, goneyepms B So a70 2 § g 8 GListening 5 Two friends are at the bar. Pille is asking Helle what she wants to have. Later on she gets the drinks from the bar. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises 6-7. Pille Mis ma sulle votan? Helle Véta tks tee. Must tee sidruniga. Pille Ahah. Kas sa tahad veel midagi? Helle Kas joome konjakit ka? Pille Miks mitte! Mina maksan. Pille Kaks teed sidruniga ja kaks konjakit. Baarman Kui palju ma konjakit panen? Pille Pange 5 cl. Baarman Kas veel midagi? Pille Ei, see on praegu k6ik. sulle = for you tee,-,-d tea must, -a,-a black sidrun, -i, -it lemon sidruniga with lemon ahah OK taht/ma, taha/n to wish, want veel midagi anything else joo/ma, -n _ to drink konjak, -i, -it cognac ka also miks mitte = why not maks/ma, -an to pay kui palju. =how much pane/ma, -n to give, to pour Kas veel midagi? Anything else? praegu at the moment kik all Exercise 6 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 1. Helle would like to have a cup of green tea. Helle and Pille decide to have a cognac, too. Pille wants to pay for the drinks. 2 3 4 Pille orders two cups of tea with lemon. 5 Pille also orders one cognac. GD exercise 7 Choose the correct answer. Listen to the recording and check. Kas see on kéik? a Vaga head. b Aitah, see on kéik. Kas suur voi vaike? a Vaike. b Jaaga. Ma toon teie Olle lauda. a Vaga tore. b Tere! Kas joome konjakit ka? a Miks mitte! b Uks hetk. Kas gaasiga voi ilma? a Jaaga. b Ilma. wVbeNe Language patterns Kohv koorega, aga ilma suhkruta Coffee with cream, but without sugar — comitative case, abessive case As we have seen previously, many meanings in Estonian can be expressed with case endings, i.e. bits of info added to the end of the word. Often the case endings have the same meaning as English prepositions. While ordering drinks and food in a bar or coffee shop, you will need to know how to say with and without, which in Estonian can be expressed with case endings. The case ending -ga means with, thus suhkruga means with sugar. The case ending -ta means without, therefore suhkruta Means without sugar. As you remember, the case ending is added to the second form of nominal words. As you can see, the ending of the question can indicate the case ending, for example: Millega? with what? — koorega with cream. ~ = €2110) epi 02eyeyepi Ry v0 WOrNAUAWNE Note that the meaning -ta without can be emphasized with the word ilma (which also means without), therefore both sentences are correct: kohy suhkruta as well as kohv ilma suhkruta. Note also that it doesn’t matter if you say kohy koorega or koorega kohiy — the meaning is the same. Exercise 8 Divide the expressions into two groups depending whether the meaning is with or without. Translate the expressions. kohy koorega + kooreta kohy - suhkruga kohy suhkruta kohv gaasiga vesi gaasita vesi mahl jaaga mahl ilma jaata tee ilma sidrunita 10. kohy konjakiga In order to practise this grammiat topic further do Exercise 15 in the Let’s practise! section. Anna mulle meniili Give me a menu — allative case With verbs andma fo give, iitlema to say etc. that express the transfer of information or things from one person to another, we use the allative case. In English, it corresponds sometimes to the use of the prepositions to or for, but very often there is no direct equivalent in English. For example Ettekandja annab kliendile meniiii— The waitress gives the customer the menu. Urmas istleb ettekandjale tere. - Urmas says hello to the waitress, Sometimes, the verb is dropped altogether, for example: Mida (ma) teile (annan)? © What for you? Palun (andke) mulle ..- For me please ... It would be useful if you were to remember the forms of the allative case of the personal pronouns. As usual with the personal pronouns, there are longer forms (the first ones) and the short forms (the second ones). In colloquial language we tend to use the shorter forms. Kellele? to whom? gminule / mulle to me meile to us sinule / sulle. to you temale / talle to bim/her teile to you nendele / neile to them Some examples using the allative case Palun anna mulle meniiii. Please give me the menu. Kas ostan sulle ka kohvi? Shall I buy coffee for you too? Palun andke talle iiks pirukas. Please give him/her a pie. Palun tooge meile kaks Glut. Please bring us two beers. Mida teile? What will you have? Palun mulle iiks kartulisalat. Please give me a potato salad. Mis ma sulle yétan? What shall I get for you? Exercise 9 Translate the following sentences into English. Palun osta mulle iiks kohv. Mida sulle? Mis ma talle vétan? Palun andke meile iiks dlu. Palun andke muile meniti, Palun mulle iiks sidruniga tee. Palun tooge meile kaks lihapirukat. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 16 in the Let’s practise! section. NSAUBeHE Palun iiks 6unamahl One apple juice please - compound nouns One very typical feature of the Estonian language is compound nouns. They can be compiled of two or more words and look quite long. When you see a long and possibly incomprehensible Word, it would be useful to see if you could divide it up to separate words, for instance mineraal/vesi — mineral water. ~ e 2070) epzoney ep Gexercise 10 Listen and repeat the examples of some compound nouns. mahlad 6unamahl, -a, -a tomatimahl, -a, -a apelsinimahl, -a, -a ploomimahl, -a, -a ananassimahl, -a, -a j6hvikamahl, -a, -a kirsimahl, -a, -a Voileivad juustuvéileib, -leiva, -leiba vorstivaileib, -leiva, -leiba singivGileib, -leiva, -leiba joogid jaatisekokteil, -i, -i kohvy, -i, -i koogid vahukoore/kook, -koogi, -kooki 6una/kook, -koogi, -kooki kohupiima/kook, -koogi, -kooki vaarika/kook, -koogi, -kooki salatid kartulisalat, -I, -id singisalat, -i, ~id makaronisalat, -i, -id kurgisalat, -i, tomatisalat, -i, -id juices apple juice tomato juice orange juice plum juice pineapple juice cranberry juice cherry juice sandwiches cheese sandwich sausage sandwich ham sandwich drinks icecream shake coffee hot chocolate cakes whipped cream cake apple cake curd cake raspberry cake Salads potato salad ham salad. macaroni salad cucumber salad tomato salad Need on vaga head seenepirukad These are very good mushroom pies — plural nominative case If you see words like pirukad pies, salatid salads, joogid drinks which ali have the ending -d note that these words are plural. The. ending -d is added to the second form of the noun, for instance: second form plural piruka pirukad joogi joogid salati salatid Exercise 11 Underline the words that are in the plural. lihapirukas, baaridaam, ettekandjad, jaa, kartulisalat, kliendid, kohupiimapirukad, kohy, konjak, mineraalvesi, sidrunid, tee In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 17 in the Let’s practise! section. Estonian bars and coffee shops For drinks and a light snack look for a baar bar or kohvik coffee shop. The bars and coffee shops usually open between 10-11 am and.stay open till 6-7 pm (coffee shops) or 12 pm (bars). Most bars and coffee shops do not have table service, so you order at the counter and then go and find your table. If there is table Service, adding a small tip to the bill is expected (approximately 10% of the bill). While the menus of bars tend to be international (with some German and Russian influence), the coffee shops can offer more typical Estonian drinks and snacks, Apart from kohv coffee and tee tea, Some places serve hédgvein mulled or glowing wine during the Winter season. tf you would like to try a typical cold Estonian alkoholivaba jook non-alcoholic drink ask for a bottle of kali smal! beer — an Estonian equivalent of Coca-Cola. Traditional Estonian limonaad iemonade is called Kelluke, a clear fizzy drink resembling ~ a deTjey Epyur76 2 s g g Sprite. Estonia has its own mineraalvesi mineral water springs: in Varska, which is’ also the name of the water brand - Varska vesi Varska mineral water. \t has more minerals in it and has thus a slightly saltier taste than international brands. In addition to juices made of tropical fruits one can also find juices made of wild berries like pohlamah) cowberry juice, jéhvikamahl cranberry juice, mustikamahl biueberty juice. Alcoholic drinks All bars serve élu beer and siider cider as light alcoholic drinks. On festive occasions Sampus champagne is the most common drink. The biggest Estonian beer brands are Saku and A. Le Coq. Due to Estonia’s geographical position, there is no locally grown grape wine, thus all wine is imported. Only marjavein berry wine is made locally. Traditional Estonian liqueur - Vana Tallinn Old Tallinn — is worth a try as it’s a combination of tens of different herbs and therefore is definitely good for your health! The best known Estonian viin vodka is Viru Valge. Lahja alkohol light drinks can be asked for as vaike srnait (0.3 litres) or suur big (0.5 litres), Kange alkohol fard liqueur is ordered and poured by the centilitre (cl). Light snacks at the coffee shop Most coffee shops have small closed pies or pasties, called pirukas, on the menu. They come in a variety of shapes and can be either sweet or savoury, depending on the filling like lihapirukas meat pie kapsapirukas cabbage pie, seenepirukas mushroom pie, porgandipirukas carrot pie, kohupiimapirukas curd pie, moosipirukas jam pie. Another common dish is salat salad, which most typically is served in small ready-made portions and consists of gither potato or macaroni and other different finely chopped ingredients mixed together with sour cream. Most common salads are kartulisalat potato salad, singisalat ham. salad and makaronisalat macaroni salad. Palun kaks salatit Two salads please ~ partitive singular case We have already learnt the two basic forms of Estonian nouns. In this unit, we will talk about the third form (called partitive as a grammatical term). From. this unit on, the third form will be given also in the glossary for all nominal words. The endings of third form (partitive singular) are: first form third form (nominative) (partitive singular) +t salat salad salatit 4, -€, -a, -4 kohv coffee kobvi fill flower lille mahl juice mahla laul song laulu -d tee tea teed As a very general rule the ending -¢ is used with longer words. The vowel ending (either -i, -e, -a, -«) is used with shorter words, The ending -d is quite rare and only used with few words, for example teed, void, head. To master the formation of partitive singular, you need to know '@ variety of word groups that we will learn step by step in the ‘ollowing units, _ _ 2 s g g~ © cones epi When do we use the third form (partitive singular)? The third form has many different functions in Estonian. In this unit we will have a look at some of them. The third form is used with numerals (except one, with which the nominative is used), for instance: viis: pirukat five pies kaks kohyi two coffees kolm musta teed three black teas NB! Note that with numbers we do not use plural nominative as we do in English. The third form is used with other words to express quantity or measure, for instance klaas mahla a glass of juice tass kohvi a cup of coffee pudel limonaadi a bottle of lemonade tiikk kooki a piece of cake pakk suitsu a box of cigarettes pits viina a shot of vodka purk élut a can of beer pits konjakit a shot of cognac The third form is also ased in sentences like Ma joon mahla I drink juice. Ma sdén salatit I eat salad. Ma tahan konjakit I want cognac. The third form is always used in negative sentences, for instance Meil ci ole mahla We don’t have juice. Meil ei ole konjakit We don’t have cognac. Me ei taha salatit We don’t have salad. Exercise 12 Choose the correct form. Palun kaks musta kohvi/must kohv. Palun kolm 6unapirukas/éunapirukat. Palun iiks tee sidruniga/teed sidruniga. Palun kaks makaronisalat/makaronisalatit. Palun pudel konjak/konjakit. Palun tass teed/tee. Palun klaas mahla/mahl. Palon purk olu/olut. OUADAWSwWdNe Exercise 13 Use the words given in brackets in the third form. Klient s66b (kartulisalat) Urmas joob (dlu) Andres sé6b (seenepirul - Andres ei s66 (lihapirukas) .. Pile ja Helle joovad (must tee) Helle ja Pille ei s66 (salat) ... a joob (must kohy) Dw AROvr Jn order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 18-19 in the Let’s practise! section. Ma armastan sind / love you — partitive case of personal pronouns Note that also words like mina J, sina you etc. have the third form, for instance: [first form | third form | first form _| third form | mina mind meie meid sina sind | teie teid tema teda nemad neid Some examples of usage: Ma armastan sind. T love you. Kas sa armastad mind? Do you love me? Ma armastan teda. T love her. Me ootame teid. Kas te ootate meid? Ma ootan neid. We wait for you. Are you waiting for us? T am waiting for them. Exercise 14 Translate the following sentences into English, Kas sa armastad teda? Ta armastab sind. Miks te meid ei armasta? Ta ootab meid. Kas nad ootayad teid? ‘Ta ei cota mind. Awbwune st oO e112} epayer eps & In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 20 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 15 Whar does it mean when you are told the following? 1 See salat on lihaga. a This salad is with meat. b This salad is without meat. 2 See véileib on juustuga. a This sandwich is with cheese. b This sandwich is without cheese. 3. Vesi on ilma gaasita, aga jaaga. a The mineral water is with gas and with ice. b The mineral water is without gas and without ice. ¢ The mineral water is with gas but without ice. d The mineral water is without gas but with ice. Exercise 16 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. 1 Palun anna (mina) mille meniii. 2. Kas ostan (sina) .... .. ka kohvi? 3 Palun andke (tema) iiks pirukas. 4 Palun tooge (meie) . kaks Slut. 5 Mida (teie) .. ? 6 Mis ma (sina) . toon? 7 Mis ma (nemad) . toon? Exercise 17 Write the following words in the plural. If you are not sure about the second form, see Exercise 10. 6unamahl 6unamabl apelsinimahl kirsimahl . juustuvdileib VorstivGileib .......seccseeeeee Wb WN jaatisekokteil éunakook kartulisalat tomatisalat Woo wn Exercise 18 Translate. two teas kaks teed three coffees one salad . four salads five mushroom pies two cakes six juices . three cognacs rene aa oe Exercise 19 Think of what you like and don’t like to eat and drink. Divide the following words between the sentences. Use the third form. must kohy, kartulisalat, Glu, kohupiimapirukas, lihapirukas, seenepirukas, tee, konjak, tomatimahl, apelsinimahl, j6hvikamahl, 6unakook, pohlakook, makaronisalat Ma ei joo. Ma tahan .. Wa wWN Exercise 20 ) in the blanks using the words in brackets. Use the third rm. Sa armastad (tema) teda Ta armastab (meie) .... Me armastame (teie) . Te armastate (nemad) Nad armastavad (mina). Ma armastan (sina)... DAwawnde g eae) epi v0Let’s communicate! G Exercise 21 Here are some situations for you to practise. How do you ask for such things? Listen to the correct answers. oo BB 2 a 8 & 8 1 You would like a glass of orange juice. 2 You would like a can of cider. 3 You would like a box of cigarettes. 4 You would like a shot of cognac. 5 You would like a bottle of mineral water. 6 You would like a cup of tea. 7 You would like a piece of cake. Gexercise 22 Complete the dialogue. Listen to the completed dialogue. Ettekandja Tere. Mida teile? Sina Ask for a black coffee. a> < Ettekandja Kas koorega voi ilma? © < Sina Say With cream, please. oO > Ettekandja Kas see on k6ik? eee © fab) Sina Ask for a pie. = ae Ettekandja Mis pirukat te soovite? 3 Q ao ©. Sina Ask what pies they have. oO ° Ettekandja Mel on liha- ja seenepirukad. Oc © ® Sina Ask for a meat pie. oO ah Ettekandja Kas veel midagi? Cc Sina Say Thank you. Say That is all. a o =r Exercise 23 . ome © Do the following. Cc pa) @O a Say Hello! =. = b Ask for a cup of coffee with cream. >= ¢ Ask what pies they have. © om) @O d_ Ask if they are with or without meat. << e Ask for two mushroom pies. oO In this. unit you will learn = « how to talk about your job and what you do during your tree time + how to name different nationalities and jobs#4 | © Listening 1 DB Listening 2 85 2 Some hobby-painters have gathered at a'summer camp. You will You will hear people introducing themselves. Listen to the texts Zz s hear how the organizer of the camp greets them. Listen to the and then complete Exercises 2-3, = 3 text and then complete Exercise 1. . g < Mart Tere tulemast maalilaagrisse! Saame kdigepealt tuttavaks ~ Joosep Mina olen Joosep. Ma tulen Parnust. Ma olen ehitaja. Mulle < & mina olen laagri korraldaja Mart Paike. elge niitid palun kéik meeldib sport. & a oma nimed ja ametid. Kust te parit olete? Ja palun delge ka, b = 5 mida teile mesidib teha vabal ajal, Kalli Tere! Minu nimi on’ Kili, ma tulen Kohtla-Jarvelt. Olen | & ajakirjanik. Vabal ajal meeldib mulle pildistada ja maalida. o Tere tulemast! Welcome! c o a maali/laager. -laagri, -laagrit hobby-painter's camp Kaido Olen Kaido. Ma tulen Tartust. Mul on oma firma, olen | GF tuttavaks saa/ma, to get acquainted firmajuht. Vabal ajal armastan reisida. tuttavaks saa/da, 4 aa oigcpealt first, to start with Marek Minu nimi on Marek. Ma olen parit Hiiumaalt Kardlast. Mina Jaager, laagri, laagrit camp olen kinnisvaramaakler, aga vabal ajal meeldib mulle hasti i organizer sua. now e everybody, all Tanel Mina olen Tanel. Mina tulen Rakverest. Olen poes miiiija. omanimed = your names Vabal ajal meeldib mulle jalgpalli mangida. amet, -i,-it profession { Kust te parit olete?_— Where are you from? Helen Tere, mina olen Helen. Ma olen parit Inglismaalt. Ma olen mis, mille, mida what sekretér, Vabal ajal meeldib mulle ujuda, teile meeldib —_you Jike tege/ma, teh/a, tee/n to. do gl an vaba,-.- free Lembit Mina olen Lembit. Mina tulen Vérust. Mina olen aeg, aja,aega time raamatupidaja ja vabal ajal meeldib mulle muusikat kuulata. vabal ajal in your free time matulen / come o. tule/ma, tull/a, tule/n to come Note that from this unit on all verbs will also have three forms ehitaja, -,- construction worker presented. The explanation is given on pages 92-3. mulle meeldib | /ike Sport, spordi, sporti sports Exercise 1 ajakirjanik, -u,-ku journalist. . Pildista/ma, -da,-n to take photos 1. Mart says a hello, b welcome, ¢ good morning, maali/ma, -da,-n to paint dike i i f the camp, b one of the a 2 Mart Paike is a the organizer o 5 mulon [have participants, ¢ bus driver. oma, -- one’s own 3 The participants have to a goto their rooms, b go to have a tema, -,-t compari, business meal, ¢ introduce themselves. firma/juht, -juhi, -juhti_ director of a business armasta/ma, -da,-n to love reisi/ma, -da, -n to travel86 3 & o a s 6 & & 3 0 olen parit kinnisvaramaakler, -i, -it hasti s66/ma, siiii/a, s66/n miiiija, -, +t jalgpall, -i, -i miangi/ma, -da, -n jalgpalli mangima sekretdr, -i, -i uju/ma, -da, -n raamatupidaja, -, -t muusika, -, -t kuula/ma, -ta, -n J come from (lit. fam origin of ...) estate agent well to eat shop assistant football, soccer (Am.) to play to play football secretary to swim bookkeeper, accountant music. to.listen to Exercise 2 Listen and draw a line from the name to the right profession, hobby and country/town. The first one is done for you. 4 Kaidole ci meeldi tantsida. a Kaido likes dancing. b Kaido doesn’t like dancing. B Ametid Professions Many names of professions end with -ja or -nik in Estonian. Listen to the recording and repeat. naitleja, -, +t actor lapsehoidja, -, -t babysitter Opetaja, -, -t teacher lasteaia kasvataja, -, -t kindergarten teacher miiiija, -, -t seller, saleswoman, salesman politseinik, -u, -ku policeman kunstnik, -u, -ku artist koristaja, -, -t janitor Listening 3 You will hear the organiser of the camp talking about the plan for the day. Listen to the text and then complete Exercise 4. Nii. Raagin niitid lWhidalt, mida me tana veel teeme. KGigepealt laheme sééma. Siis on pool tundi vaba aega. Kell viis hakkame tédtama. Kell kaheksa on Ghtusédk. Parast seda on vaba aeg, kes soovib, saab tantsida, kes soovib, lihtsalt juttu ajada, kellele meeldib saun, saab saunas kdia. Odrahu peab algama kell kaksteist. Mida teeme teisipdeval ja kolmapaeval, seda Utlen teile homme hommikul. name country/town| who is who likes Joosep-) |Kardla in a shop assistant? | to swim? Hiiumaa Kalli England an estate agent? _| to take photos and paint? Kaido Kohtla-Jarve | is the owner of to eat well? his.own company? Marek ~*|Parnu a bookkeeper? to play football? Tanel Rakvere a journalist? to listen to the music? Helen Tartu | a secretary? to travel? Lembit | Voru A] a construction —sl to do sports? worker? Exercise 3 What do these sentences mean? Choose the correct answer. 1 Mulle meeldib maalida. a] like painting. b I have a painting. 2 Mulle meeldib sport. a J like sports. b I do. sports. 3 Mulle meeldib hasti siiiia, a I eat well. b I like to eat well. nii OK raaki/ma, raaki/da, réagi/n ‘to tell, speak niiid now lahidalt a Jittle bit (lit. shortly) tama today mida veel what else siis then pool tundi = half an hour hakka/ma, haka/ta, hakka/n to start t66ta/ma,-da,-n to work Ghtu/séék, -sddgi,-sddki supper parast seda after that kes, kelle, keda = who soovi/ma,-da,-n — to wish o x 3 s g s 3 8 sO88 3 & e : & a 2 5 SO saa/ma, -da,-n can tantsi/ma, -da, -n to dance juttu aja/ma, jutta aja/da, fo have.a chat aja/n juttu saun, -2,-a sauna saunas kai/ma saunas kai/a, _to go to the sauna kai/n saunas Sérahu, -,- night's rest peab must alga/ma, ala/ta, alga/b to start teisipdev,-a,-a Tuesday teisipaeval on Tuesday kolmapiev, -a,-a Wednesday kolmapaeval on Wednesday seda here: this iitle/ma, (itel/da (del/da), Uitle/n —_to say, tell homme — tomorrow hommik, -u, -ut- = morning hommikul in the morning Exercise 4 Find the correct answer according to the dialogue. 1 First the participants will go a eating, b dancing, ¢ walking. 2 Then they will have free time for a quarter of an hour, b half an hour, c an hour. 3 Supper is at a 7 o’clock, b 8 o'clock, ¢ 9 o'clock. 4 Night’s rest starts at a 10 o’clock, b 11 o'clock, ¢ 12 o'clock. 5 Future plans for Tuesday and Wednesday will be told a tonight, b tomorrow morning, ¢ tomorrow evening. Language patterns Millal? When? —- adessive case ‘mis? what? millal? when? 89 hommik, -u morning hommikul in the morning vaba ace, free time vabal ajal during free 2 vaba aja time = paev, -a day. paeval during the day g hea, = evening Sheu in the evening s GG, - night NB! 6ésel during the night 5 nadalavahetus,-e weekend nidalavahetusel during the = weekend = kevad, -¢ spring kevadel in the spring ia! suvi, suive summer suvel in the summer | sigis, -e autumn siigisel in the autumn Oo |raly- winter talvel in the winter a Exercise 5 Try answering the question When? Millal? with different days of the week. Note that the names of the days in Estonian are not written with a capital letter. Mis paev? What day? Millal? When? Mis paeval? On what day? esmaspaev, -a Monday esmaspieval on Monday teisipaev, -a Tuesday on Tuesday kolmapaey, -a Wednesday on Wednesday neljapaey, -a Thursday on Thursday teede, - Friday on Friday laupaev, -a Saturday on Saturday piihapaev, -a Sunday on Sunday For an abbreviation either the first letters of the days are used ie. E - esmaspaev Monday or the first part of the word i.e. esmasp — Monday, teisip — Tuesday, kolmap - Wednesday, neliap — Thursday, reede — Friday, laup - Saturday, piihap — unday. Note that the following words do not take the ending -1, iilecile the day before yesterday The answer to the question Millal? When? usually takes the ending -I. Like all case endings, it is added to the second, not the first form of the word. The case ending -/ in this instance translates into English as on, in or during. For instance: eile yesterday tana today homme tomorrow tilehomme the day after tomorrow Bs order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 9-11 in the Let’s practise! section.90 3 & i g 0 Ma tulen Kardlast | come from Kardla — elative case, ablative case In Unit 3, we learnt how to answer the questions kus? where? and kuha? where to? Now we will learn how to answer the question kust? where from? In’a way it is easy because there is a certain pattern: * if there is -I on the end of the word when answering the question kus?, there will be -/# on the end of the word when answering kust?; for instance Ma elan Hiiumaal I live in Hiiumaa. Ma tulen Hiiumaalt | come from Himmaa. * if there is -s on the end of the word when answering the question kus?, there will be -st on the end of the word when answering kust?; for instance Ma elan Tartus I live in Tartu. Ma tulen Tartust. [ come from Tartu. Usually the names of places (villages, towns, countries etc.) take the endings -s and -st. If the name of the place ends in words like maa (land, country), mae (bill, mountain), jarve (lake) etc. the endings are -I and -It, Exercise 6 Read the examples. Fill in the empty spaces with words in the right form. Name of Ma lahen, Ma elan, olen | Ma olen pirit, the place sdidan ... kus? tulen kubu? kust? 1 go, T drive... | Clive, lam in ..| Lam from, where to? where? T come from ... where? ~sse s st Tartu Tartu Tartusse Tartus ‘Tartust Tallinn Tallinn | Tallinnasse Eesti Estonia | Eestisse Parnu Parnu Parnusse USA USA _| USA-sse Jaapan Japan | Jaapanisse The expression ma olen parit I come from is used to express one’s origin. The expression Ma tulen kust? J come from where? is used more to indicate the place you are living in at the moment. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 12-15 in the Let’s practise! section. Mulle meeldib sport / /ike sports - allative case The construction J ike is different in English and Estonian. We use the same case ending -Je we learnt in the previous unit, which is used with words like iitlema to say, andma to give, It is added to the person who ‘does the liking’, for instance; Joosepile meeldib sport. Joosep likes sports. Joosepile ei meeldi see lager. Joosep does not like this camp. Short form “8 -st 91 Soome Finland | Soome Soomes Soomest 2 Rootsi Sweden | Roorsi Rootsis = Tati Latvia | Latti Latis i Leeda Lithuania| Leetu Leedus Leer yeereever ree 5 le I aie Hiiumaa island | Hiiumaale Hiiumaal Hiiumaalt 5 of Hitumaa | Inglismaa Inglismaale _| Inglismaal Inglismaale o England oi Kohtla-Jarve | Kohtla-Jarvele |Kohtla-Jarvel |Kohtla-Jarvelt Kobtla-Jarve Prantsusmaa =| Prantsusmaale |.,.... France Saksamaa Saksamaale eee Germany Mustamae Mustamiele | -ssessseecreereceees Mustamde (a district in Tallinn) Saaremaa island| Saaremaale of Saaremaa92 z = a o® 5 5 2 = 5 0 As you can see, the names also take different case endings and like all words the ending is added to the second, not the first form. If the name ends with a, e, i, o or u, the first and second form are alike. If the name does not end with a vowel, there will be one in the second form, for instance Joosep — Joosepi, Henn — Hennu, Urmas — Urmase etc. With the words I, you, he, she, we, you and they, the construction I like ... looks like this: Mulle meeldib sport. I like sports. Mulle ei meeldi muusika- T don’t like music. Sulle meeldib muusika. Sulle ei meeldi sport. You like music. You don’t like sports. Talle meeldib Tallinn. Helshe likes Tallinn. Talle ei meeldi see koht. He/she doesn’t like this place. Meile meeldib see koht. We like this place. Meile ei meeldi Tallinn. We don’t like Tallinn. Teile meeldib Mart. You like Mart. You don’t like this camp. They like this camp. They don’t like Mart. Teile ei meeldi see laager. Neile meeldib see laager. Neile ei meeldi Mart. Exercise 7 Translate these sentences. Mulle meeldib see maalilaager. Talle ei meeldi see maalilaager. Kas sulle meeldib Tallinn? Kas Joosepile meeldib Tallinn? Joosepile ei meeldi sport. Kas teile meeldib see muusika? Meile ei meeldi Mart. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 16 in the Let’s practise! section. NOAWE WN Mulle meeldib sportida / like doing sports — da-infinitive All verbs (ie. words like raakima to speak, sééma to eat, etc.) have main forms too: the first form (called ma-infinitive as a grammatical term), the second form (called da-infinitive as a ammatical term) and the third main form (the I-form).The first form always ends with -ma; the second form can end with either -ta, -da or -a. The I-form always ends with -n. From now on we will present the three forms in the dictionary. For example the verb maalima fo paint would be presented in the dictionary in the following way maali/ma, -da, -n ie maalima (to paint) is the first form, maalida (to paint) is the second form and maalin (I paint) is the I-form. When to use the first and when the second form depends on the words the form occurs with in the sentence, The group of words requiring the use of the second form is quite big and for now the rule of thumb is to remember that we use the second form with words expressing feelings and requests (for instance ma armastan J love to, mulle meeldib J ike, ma tahan | want to, ma soovin I wish, etc.). So we always say Mulle meeldib maalida I like to paint, (not Mulle meeldib maalima), Note that also modal verbs like ma saan I can, I am able to and ma voin I am able to, I can are also used with the second form, so we say: Me saame ohtul tantsida We can dance in the evening (not Me saame oheul tantsima). Here are some more examples: Joosepile meeldib sportida. Kiillile meeldib pildistada ja maalida. and paint. Kaidole meeldib reisida. Kaido likes to travel. Marek armastab hasti sittia. Marek loves to eat well. Joosep ei soovi tantsida. Joosep does not wish to dance. Kili ei taha puhata. Kiilli does not want to rest. See also Appendix 5. Joosep likes to do sports, Kiilli likes to take photos Exercise 8 Choose the right form. Kiillile meeldib raakima/raakida. Marekile meeldib autoga sditma/soita, Joosepile meeldih pildistama/pildistada, Talle ei meeldi tantsima/tantsida. Kas teile meeldib reisima/reisida? Meile meeldib puhkama/puhata. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 17 in the Let’s practise! section. Antawn 93 a = z é a 8g 2 & § 094 3, = 5 & E & 2 % 50 Bi What do Estonians do in their free time? Estonians have always been regarded as people who like to read books. The symptom of love for books — bookshelves crammed with all sorts of bindings — can be seen in most Estonian homes. So don't be surprised to find a simple Estonian busdriver who for instance owns a respectable collection of poetry! Estonians are also famous for their love of music. Festivals like Jazzkaar, Viljandi Folk and Leigo jarvemuusika bring together huge audiences, Every 5 years Estonians gather in Tallinn for the biggest festival of all: laulupidu song festival where over 30,000 singers dressed in colourful national costumes can be heard singing at the same time. Smaller; local festivals like this take place every summer. With choral music being viewed as one of the symbols of Estonia, you will find many people, children and adults alike, singing actively in choirs. Duringithe spring and summertime, many Estonians leave the city for a cottage in the countryside to grow their own potatoes and take care of the berry garden and orchard or have barbecue parties and sauna with friends. Home-made apple juice and other preserves fill ithe shelves in the autumn. During the autumn walking in the forest in search of seened wild mushrooms and marjad berries is also a very common pastime. During the winter an athletic Estonian goes skiing and if not skiing himself at least watches cross-country skiing on the television. Broadcasts of the winter Olympics and other skiing events draw the largest television audience in Estonia. Hakkame maalima! Let’s start painting! - maz-infinitive As we saw earlier the second form is used with words like armastama to love, meeldima to like, tahtma to want, soovima to wish etc. Now we will learn some words that the first form is always used with. Among them there are verbs indicating movement like ma lahen I go, ma tulen J come, ma sdidan J drive etc. and also the verbs ma hakkan J start or will, and ma pean I have to, I must. For example: Kéigepeait laheme sdéma. — First, we will go to eat. Siis laheme sportima. Then we will go to do some sports. Kell viis hakkame maalima. Af 5 o’clock we will start Painting, Kell kiimme hakkame At 10 o'clock we will start tantsima. dancing. Me peame ldpetama kell We have to finish at iiksteist. 11 o'clock. O6rahu peab algama kell Night's resi bas to start at kaksteist. 12 o'clock. Note that if you want to speak about something that takes place in the future (for instance in.a sentence like Ma lahen homme maalilaagrisse Tomorrow 1 will go to the hobby-painter’s camp) Estonian has no specific grammatical indicator, unlike in English, ‘We use the present tense, sometimes in combination with words and expressions indicating the future (like homme tomorrow, jargmisel aastal next year, kell kiimme at 10 o'clock, etc.). Also, the verb hakkama ¢o start can indicate the future tense, for instance Niiiid hakkame maalima. Now we will start painting. See also Appendix 5, Exercise 9 Choose the right word. Hakkame siitia/sé6ma. Lahen sportida/sportima. Ma pean sitiia/sé6ma. Nad hakkavad tantsida/tantsima. Te peate maalida/maalima. Hakkame ldpetada/lopetama. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 17 in the Let’s practise! section. AuswWNe Word order In Estonian, word order is freer than it is in English, For instance, to say I will go to the hobby-painter’s camp tomorrow, all of these sentences are OK, having just slight differences of meaning: Ma lahen homme maalilaagrisse. Ma lahen maalilaagrisse homme. Homme lihen ma maalilaagrisse. Maalilaagrisse lahen ma homme. As a cule of thumb, the verb comes in second place in Estonian Sentences, a 2 a 2 s 5 os = & i=} 096 2 e e e 5 g & S 5 0 Let’s practise! Exercise 10 Put each line of words in the right order, and then translate them. 1 eile, homme, tana, iileeile, iilehomme 2 laupiiev, esmaspiev, reede, kolmapéey, teisipiev, neljapaev, piihapaev Exercise 11 Write the word that follows. Be careful] to use the right form, Then translate the phrases. The first one is done for you. esmaspieval teisipdeval — on Monday, on Tuesday kolmapaeval reedel ,... 1 2 3 4 § tana . 6 7 homme . 8 kevadel . 9 siigisel 10 talvel ... Exercise 12 Divide the names of places into two groups according to the ending they take for questions kus? where? and kust? where from? ~s3-st -l; -lt Eesti Hiiumaa Eesti, Hiiumaa, Inglismaa, Jaapan, Kohtla-Jarve, Lasnamae, Leedu, Lati, Mustamae, Prantsusmaa, Parnu, Rootsi, Saaremaa, Saksamaa, Sillamae, Soome, Taani, Tallinn, Tartu, USA, Oismae Exercise 13 Where is he/she from? Join the right name and place. Make a sentence. The first one is done for you. Pekka on parit Soomest. 1 Pekka a__Venemaa 2 Anatoli bEesti 3 Michiko ec Hispaania 4 Ti d Soome 5 Michael e_Inglismaa 6_ Pierre fJaapan 7 Juan g Prantsusmaa Exercise 14 Choose the correct form. Ma olen parit Inglismaale/Inglismaal/Inglismaalt. Ma olen parit Eestisse/Eestis/Eestist. Ma olen parit Hiiumaale/Hiiumaal/Hitumaalt. Ma olen parit Tartusse/Tartus/Tartust. Ma elan Tallinnasse/Tallinnas/Tallinnast. Ma elan Latti/Latis/Latist. Ma elan Mustamaele/Mustamael/Mustamaelt. Ma elan Jaapanisse/Jaapanis/Jaapanist. Ma lahen Soome/Soomes/Soomest. 10 Ma lahen USA-sse/USA-s/USA-st. 11 Ma lahen Parnusse/Parnus/Parnust. 12 Ma lahen Saksamaale/Saksamaal/Saksamaalt. CONDAMRWNE Exercise 15 Use the words in brackets in the right case. 1 Ma sdidan teisipdeval (Tartu) Ma olen (Tartu) .. Ma tulen (Tartu) .. Ta sdidab homme (Soome) Ta on (Soome) . Ta tuleb (Soome) .. Me laheme iilehomme (' Me oleme (Saaremaa) Me tuleme (Saaremaa) aks piiev. tagasi neljapaeval. va. . pilhapaeval. Con nupwne gs 3 5 é 5 s 2 § 098 3 = g & 5 Ez 2 ~ 0 Exercise 16 Form sentences according to the sample sentence and translate them. 1 Ulo, -/ meeldib / Kaie. 2 Kaie, -/ meeldib / Kaido. 3. Kaido, -/meeldib / Piret. 4 Piret, -i / meeldib / Sven. 5 Sven, -i/ meeldib / Ruth. 6 Ruth, -i/ meeldib / Urmas. 7 8 9 i Ulole meeldib Kaie. Unmas, -e / meeldib / Kart. Kart, Kardi / meeldib / Tiit Tiit, Tiidu / meeldib / Aet. 0 Aet, Aeda / meeldib / Ulo. Exercise 17 Choose the correct form. Radin teile, mida me hakkame tegema/teha. Kéigepealt laheme sé6ma/siiiia. Siis saate natuke puhkama/puhata. Kell kaksteist laheme ujuma/ujuda. Siis peame natuke maalima/maalida. Parast sdidame pildistama/pildistada. Teile kindlasti meeldib autoga sditma/séita. Ohtul saate saunas kadima/kdia ja tantsima/tantsida. Magama ‘peab minema/minna kell kaksteist. WONnaunpwne Let’s communicate! Exercise 18 Here are some situations for you to practise. You are walking to the hotel bar to rest. a You see a sign at the door which says Tere tulemast! What does it mean? b There is also the following text on the door: E-N 12.00- 24,00; R-P 12.00- 03.00, What does it mean? ¢ Someone says you Saame tuttavaks! What does he want? d= Then he says his name and asks Kust te parit olete? How do you answer? e Then he says Mina olen firmajuht. How do you say your profession? _ f Then you are asked Mida teile meeldib teha vabal ajal? What does it mean? Exercise 19 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You are introducing yourself at a business meeting. a Say Hello! b. Say your name. ce Say you come from America. d Say you are the director of a business. Dexercise 20 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You sit next to a person you don’t know in a language class and would like to get to know her a little bit. Everybody is using informal address in the class. After you have completed the dialogue listen and check. Sina Say Let's get acquainted! Say I am ... Jane Vaga meeldiv. Mina olen Jane. Sina Ask Where are you from? Jane Mina olen parit Inglismaalt. Kust sina parit oled? Sina Say I am from America. Jane Mida sulle meeldib teha vabal ajal? Sina Say I like to travel and take photos. Jane Mulle meeldib ujuda ja saunas kaia. Oo Exercise 21 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You are discussing with a new friend what you like to do in your free time. After you have completed the dialogue listen and check. Sober Mida sulle meeldib teha vabal ajal? Sina Say you like to swim. Sober Hmm. Mina ei oska ujuda. Sina Ask your friend what helshe likes to do in his/her I free time. Sober Mule meeldib muusikat kuulata. Sina Say you like to listen to music too. 99 2 g g e 6 z 2 B 8% 0~hoed WwW nulis uo oul 49> Aep snoA syeum In this unit you will learn + how to speak about your family and relatives + how to talk about daily routines + how to say the ordinal numbers: G Listening 1 104 You will hear how Kaspar and Ave get acquainted. Listen to the Zz dialogues and then complete Exercises 1-2. 2 Kaspar Tere. Minu nimi on Kaspar. Kas see koht on vaba? 8 Ave On kill, Mina olen Ave. 2 Kaspar Kellena te tédtate, Ave? Ee Ave Olen hambaarst. Aga teie? } Kaspar Mina olen vene keele Gpetaja. ES Ave Kas te olete venelane? Kaspar Minu vanaisa on venelane, aga minu vanemad on eestlased, oO Ave’ Vaga huvitav! Kui vana tele vanaisa on? oa Kaspar Ta on 92 aastat vana. Ave Toesti? Kaspar Jah, ta on vaga tubli. Milline on teie pere? Ave Mul on mees ja kolm last - kaks titart ja Gks poeg. Ja siis ‘on meil veel suur koer, Kaspar Kui vanad teie lapsed on? Ave Tiitred on juba suured: Oks on 20 aastat vana ja teine 22. Nende vaike vend on aga kolm aastat vana. Kaspar Ja kes on teie abikaasa? Ave Minu mees on lendur. Kaspar Vaga huvitav! koht, koha, kohta vaba, -, - Kellena te tédtate? place free What's your profession? (lit. as who do you work) hambaarst, -i,-i dentist vanaisa, -,- grandfather venela/ne, -se, -st Russian vanemad parents eestia/ne, -se, -st Estonian vaga huvitay very interesting Kui vana teie vanaisa on? Ta on 92 aastat vana. Testi? vaga tubli milli/ne, -se, -st pere, -, +t Mees, mehe, meest How old is your grandfather? He is 92 years old. Really? doing well, good man (lit, untranslatable as one word) what kind of family man, husbandSJ 3 > a Q s & 3 = 2 B e & 90 Japs, lapse, last — child titar, titre, tUtart daughter poeg, poja,poega son koer, -a,-a dog vaike(ne), -se,-st small vend, venna, venda brother abikaasa, -,-t spouse, husband lendur, -i,-lt pilot Exercise 1 Choose the correct answer according to the dialogue. Ave is a teacher, b dentist, c pilot. Kaspar is a teacher of Estonian, b teacher of English, c teacher of Russian. Kaspar’s parents are a Estonians, b Russians, ¢ English. Kaspar’s grandfather is a 82 years old, b 92 years old, ¢ 98 years old. ‘Ave has a one child, b two children, c three children. Ave’s children are a 18, 20 and 4 years old, b 2, 13 and 20 years old, c 20, 22 and 3 years old. 7 ‘Ave’s husband is a journalist, b construction worker, ¢ pilot. An FY Ne Exercise 2 Choose the correct question. 1 You want to know the other person’s profession. a Kellena te réérate? b Kui vana te olete? 2 You want to ask what the other person likes to do during his/her free time. a Milline on teie pere? b Mida teile meeldib teha vabal ajal? 3. You would like to ask if the other person is Estonian, a Kas te olete eestlane? b Kas see koht on vaba? 4 You would like to ask if the other person has big family. a Kes on teie abikaasa? b Kas teil on suur pere? 5 You would like to ask about the age of other person’s children. a Kui vanad teie lapsed on? b Kui vana teie vanaisa on? 6 You would like to ask who is the other person’s husband, a Kui vana on teie abikaasa? b Kes on teie abikaasa? © Listening 2 You will hear Andrus telling about his day, He is 44 years old, martied and has two daughters. Listen to the text and chen complete Exercises 3-4. Mina olen Andrus. Ma &rkan iga paev kell seitse. Siis ma jalutan koéraga valjas. Minu naine teeb samal ajal hommikus6éégi. Umbes kell pool kaheksa me s6éme hommikust. Siis mina pesen ndusid, Kell kaheksa lahevad lapsed kooli ja mina sdidan jalgrattaga tddle. Jad! ma pean palju suhtlema: helistama, e-maile kirjutama ja inimestega kohtuma. Kell viis ma lahen trenni vdi s6pradega baari. Parast trenni ma lahen koju, loen Internetist uudiseid ja vaatan telerit. Lapsed kuulavad muusikat. Ménikord me mangime naisega malet. Vahel tulevad sdbrad killa. Paar korda kuus kaime teatris vGi édklubis. Umbes kell iiksteist ma lahen magama. arka/ma, arga/ta, arka/n iga paev siis jaluta/ma, -da, -n valjas hommikus66ki tege/ma, hommikusé6ki teh/a tee/n hommikus6oki umbes hommikust s66/ma, hommikust siiti/a, 866/n hommikust néusid pese/ma, nOusid pest/a, pesen néusid jalg/ratas, -ratta, -ratast pida/ma, pida/da, pea/n suhtle/ma, suhel/da, suhtle/n helista/ma, -da, -n e-mail, -i, -i kirjuta/ma, -da, -n e-maile kirjutama inime/ne, -se, -st kohtu/ma, -da, -n inimestega kohtuma trenn, -i, -i sOber, sGbra, s6pra sOpradega to wake up every day then to walk outside to make breakfast about to eat breakfast to wash dishes bicycle to have to, must to. communicate to call (on the phone) email to write to write e-mails human, person, man to meet to meet people training, workout (sport) friend with friends 103 2 z 8 2 z t 3 901 0. 2 3 2 5 2. g é 3 e 3 s parast trenni after the workout Jahen koju = / go home luge/ma, {uge/da, loe/n to read internet, interneti, internetti internet uudised news loen internetist uudiseid —_/ read news.on the internet vaata/ma, vaada/ta, vaata/n to. watch teler, -i,-it TV (set) monikord sometimes malet mangi/ma, to play chess malet mangi/da, mangi/n malet vahel sometimes killa tule/ma, killa tull/a, to come to visit tule/n killa paar korda kuus couple of times a month teatris kai/ma. teatris kai/a, to go to theatre kai/n teatris 66klubi, -,- nightclub magama mine/ma, __ to go fo sleep magama minn/a, lahen maga/ma vaeed nus uo eur a 90 o ao Exercise 3 Listen to what Andrus tells about his day. Put the things he does during the day in the correct order according to the text. Umbes kell iiksteist ma lahen magama. Suhtlen, helistan, kirjutan e-maile ja kohtun inimestega. Sdidan jalgrattaga todle. Pesen néusid. Loen internetist wudiseid ja vaatan telerit. Lahen koju. Kell viis ma lahen trenni. Pool kaheksa s6dme hommikust. Jalutan koeraga. Arkan kell seitse. —— rag me ae te Exercise 4 Find the sentence for each of the pictures, Do the exercise once more without looking at the text. Ma vaatan telerit. Ma helistan inimestele. f Ma ei 366 hommikust. g Ma jalutan koeraga. Ma arkan kell kaheksa. h Ma loen internetist uudiseid. 1 j Ma sidan jalgrattaga todle.i Ma mangin malet. Ma pesen néusid, Ma lahen magama. eno oD06 2 F g 2 < 3 3 90 Language patterns Mul on suur pere / have a big family — adessive case Look at the following sentences: I have a big family. You (sing.) have a big family. He/she has a big family. We have a big family. You (pl.) have a big family. They have a big family. Ave bas her own company. Mul on suur pere. Sul on suur pere. Tal on suur pere. Meil on suur pere. Teil on suur pere. Neil on suur pere. Avel on oma firma. Kasparil on vanaisa. Kaspar has a grandfather. Avel on kaks tittart ja poeg. Ave has two daughters and a son. The construction I have is different in English and Estonian. We add the case ending -I to the end of the person who is the owner. For instance, Avel on kolm last Ave has three children. As you can see, for the verb:to have in Estonian, the word olema is used (olema is the equivalent of English to be). Exercise 5 Translate these sentences. T have a dog. You (sing.) have a daughter. He has a son, We have our own company. You (pl.) haye a grandfather. They have children. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 10-11 in the Let’s practise! section. Aupuane Some facts about Estonian population and family » In spite of covering an area of 45,000 sq km Estonia’s population ranks among the smallest in Europe: as of January 2000, an estimated 1,361,242 people live in Estonia— a density of only 30.2 people per sq km. * Evety third person (approximately 400,000 people) lives in Tallinn and about 70% of the population reside in cities in general. « According to the statistics of 2005 the most typical Estonian family consists of parents with 1 or 2 children. « The average age of marrying is 29 for men and 26 for women; bout 50% of the marriages end with a divorce. Cohabitation is quite common in Estonia. * Only every tenth family has more than three:children and families with children can be found in the countryside twice as often as in towns. = Fifty per cent of the employed population are women; women’s share of employment ranks among the highest in Europe, CG But let’s leave the statistics for now and learn some useful ‘family words’. Listen to the recording and repeat. ema, -, = isa, -, - vanavanemad vanemad sugula/ne, -se, -st tadi. -, - tadi/poeg, -poja, -poega tadi/titar, -titre, -titart onu, -; - onu/poeg, -poja, -poega onu/tiitar, -titre, -tiitart 6de, Ge, dde vend, venna, venda venna/poeg, -poja, -poega venna/titar, -titre, -titart Se/poeg, -poja, -poega Ge/tiitar, -titre, -titart 4mm, -a, -a ai, -a, -a minia, -, -t vai/mees, -mehe, -meest mother father grandparents parents relative aunt cousin (lit. son of aunt) cousin (lit. daughter of aunt) uncle cousin (lit. son of uncle) cousin (lit. daughter of uncle) sister brother nephew (lit. son of brother) niece (lit daughter of brother) nephew (lit. son of sister) niece (lit daughter of sister) mother-in-law father-in-law daughter-in-law son-in-law 3 g 3 = > & e 5 2 3 E 3 a 3 9008 3 2 g g 2 i 5 90 married co-habiting partner (someone you live with but are not married to) abielus vabaabielus elukaasla/ne, -se, -st lahutatud divorced lesk widow, widower (both male and female) vallali/ne, -se,-st single tiidruk/sber, -sGbra,-sépra girlfriend poiss-séber, -sdbra,-s6pra. boyfriend Minu venna nimi on Meelis My brother's name is Meelis — genitive case Tf you want to tell someone your relative’s name, you can say: Minu onupoja nimi on Siim. My cousin's name is Sim. Minu amma nimi on Maret. My rnother-in-law’s name is Maret. Note that minu my is the second form of mina I. Also, the word for relative has to be in the second form, i.e. Minu yenna aimi on Meelis, Exercise 6 Translate into Estonian the following: My husband’s name is Ténu. My wife’s name is Kiilli. My child’s name is Birgit. My son’s name is Kaspar. My daughter’s name is Sille. My sister’s name is Tiina, My brother’s name is Aivar. NAuUPpone (3 Rahvused Nationalities Most names of nationalities in Estonian end in -Jane, Listen to the recording and repeat. Estonian Russian eestlane venelane inglane English sakslane German prantslane French itaallane Italian hispaanlane Spanish jaapanlane Japanese Note thar in the dictionary, the words ending in -lane or -ne will be presented the following way: eestla/ne, -se, -st. This means the three forms will read: eestlane, cestlase, eestlast. Although gender is not usually expressed grammatically in Estonian, there are'a few cases when it is possible. For instance with nationalities, if you want to stress that the person you are talking about is a woman, you can add the ending -lanna i.e. eestlanna Estonian (lady), prantslanna, French (lady) jaapanlanna Japanese (lady) etc. Remember that in official documents women will still write eestlane Estonian for their nationality not eestlanna Estonian (lady). Note thar the names of nationalities are not written with a capital letter in Estonian. If you want to say French restaurant or Estonian food, you can’t use the word for nationality but you use the same word we use for languages, e.g. prantsuse keel French (language) — prantsuse restoran French restaurant, eesti keel Estonian (language) — eesti toit Estonian food. Ma téétan arstina / work as a doctor ~ essive case In answer to the question Kellena te tédtate? What's your profession? (lit..as who do you work?) the case ending -na is added to the word, for instance Ma tédtan arstina I work as a doctor, You can also say Ma olen arst I am a doctor. In this case it is not necessary to add any case ending. Here are some more examples. Ma téétan ehitajana, T work as a construction worker. Peeter rdétab ajakirjanikuna, Peeter works as a journalist. Kaspar téotab dpetajana. Kaspar works as a teacher. Ave téétab hambaarstina. Ave works as a dentist. 1 0s 2 Z § B 5 9010 Z 3 s ® 3 = zB & 3 90 Exercise 7 Choose the right word. Ma tédtan épetaja/6petajana. Ma olen Opetaja/Opetajana. Ma téétan ehitaja/chitajana. Ma olen chitaja/ehitajana Ma téotan hambaarst/hambaarstina. Ma olen ajakirjanik/ajakirjanikuna. Anshwne Kui vana sa oled? How old are you? The most common question for asking about someone’s age is Kui vana sa oled? How old are you? (sing. informal) or Kui vana te olete? How old are you? (pl. formal). The easiest way to answer is by inserting the number in the following sentence: Ma olen ... aastat vana. lam... years old. For instance: Kui vana sa oled? How old are you? (sing. informal) Ma olen nelikiimmend I’m 45 years old. viis aastat vana. Kui vana on sinu abikaasa? How old is your husband? (sing. informal) Minu abikaasa on My husband is 50 years old. viiskiimmend aastat vana. Kui vanad on sinu lapsed? How old are your children? (sing. informal) Minu poeg on kaheksateist My son is 18 and my daughter aastat vana ja minu tiitar is 9 years old. on iiheksa aastat vana. Minu siinnipaev on septembris My birthday is in September As we have already learnt, in answer to the question Millal? When? the letter -1 is usually added to the end of the answer, for instance laupdeval on Saturday, hommikul in the morning etc. As an exception, when using the name of the month we add -s to the answer, for instance septembris in September, martsis i” March etc. Gexercise 8 Fill in the blanks, then listen to the correct answers. millal? mis kuus? when? in what month? mis kuu? what month? jaanuar, -i, -i jaanuaris veebruar, -i, -i veebruaris marts, -i, -i martsis april, “i, «i mai, -, -d = = = éAogd nus uo Sulu 90 juuni, -, -t juuli, -, -t august, “i, -i september, septembri, septembrit oktoober, oktoobri, oktoobrit november, novembri, novembrit detsember, detsembri, detsembrit In order to further practise this grammar topic do Exercises 12-13 in the Let’s practise! section. Minu siinnipdev on esimesel septembril My birthday is on the first of September — ordinal numbers We have already learnt the main numerals (like iiks one, kaks two, kolm three). Now we will learn the ordinal numerals (like esimene first, teine second, kolmas third etc). Once you know the main numerals it is very easy to remember the ordinal numerals, as you just have to add -s to the second form of the number, i.e.: fest form second form ordinal numeral four nelja+s= neljas fourth imme ten kiimne + s = kiimnes tenth12 2 = 3 $ & é 2 e 3 90 Note that esimene first and teine second are irregular and that we say kolmas third (not kolmes). Like most words in Estonian, the ordinal numerals also have three main forms, which are, fortunately, the same (see the following table), If we want to answer the question millal? the ending -/ is added to the second form: kaheklimne esimesel kahekiimne teisel kahekiimne kolmandal kolmekiimnendal neljaktimnendal viiektimnendal kahekiimne esime/ne, -se, -st kahekiimne tei/ne, -se, -st kahekiimne kalma/s, -nda, -ndat kolmekiimne/s, -nda, -ndat neljakiimne/s, -nda, -ndat viiekiimne/s, =nda, -ndat millal? when? 1. esime/ne, =se, ~st esimesel 2 tei/ne, -se, -st teisel 3. koima/s, -nda, -ndat kolmandal 4. nelja/s, -nda, -ndat neljandal 5. _ viie/s, -nda, -ndat viiendal 6. — _kuue/s, -nda, -ndat kuuendal 7. seitsme/s, -nda, -ndat ‘seitsmendal 8. kaheksa/s, -nda, -ndat kaheksandal 9. iiheksa/s, -nda, -ndat dheksandal 10. ktimne/s, -nda, -ndat kiimnendal 41. Gheteistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat tiheteistktimnendal 42. _kaheteistkmne/s, -nda, -ndat kaheteistkimnendal 43, kolmeteistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat kolmeteistkGmnendal 14. neljateistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat neljateistkiimnendal 15. viieteistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat viieteistkiimnendal 16. kuueteistkiimne/s, -nda. -ndat kuueteistkiimnendal 17. seitsmeteistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat seitsmeteistkiimnendal 48. kaheksateistkiimne/s, -nda, -ndat kaheksateistkGmnendal 19. iiheksateistkinne/s, -nda, -ndat tiheksateistkGimnendal 20. kahektimne/s, -nda, -ndat kaheklimnendal 21. 22. 23. 30. 40. 50. 60, kuuekiimne/s, -nda, -ndat kuuekiimnendal 70. seitsmekiimne/s, -ndat, -ndat seitsmektimnendal 80. kaheksakiimne/s, -nda,, -ndat kaheksaktimnendal 90. tiheksakiimne/s, -nda, -ndat tiheksakiimnendal 100. saja/s, -nda, -ndat sajandal 101. saja esime/ne, -Se, -st Saja esimesel 110. saja kiimne/s, -nda, -ndat saja kmnendal 1000, tuhande/s, -nda, -ndat tuhandendal 4967, tuhande dheksasaja kuuekiimne seitsme/s, -nda, -ndat kuuekiimne seitsmendal 2000. kahe tuhandes, -nda, -ndat kahe tuhandendal 2008. kahe tuhande kaheksa/s, -nda—ndat kahe tuhande kaheksandal tuhande Uheksasaja Note that in Estonian there has to be a full stop after.an ordinal number i.e. 1. september 1st of September, 24. juuli 24th of July. Dp Listen to the ordinal numbers 1-20 and repeat. Gexercise 9 Make similar sentences, following the example, then listen and check. 1 Mis kuupdaev on tana? What date is it today? a 4. mai — Tana on neljas mai. b 10. september - e¢ 12. ckroober - d 26. detsember - 2° Millal on tema siinnipaev? When is his birthday? a 2, jaanuar — Tema siinnipdev on teisel jaanuaril. b 14. veebruar - e 19. aprill — d= 31. juuli—., 3 Mis aastal ta on siindinud? In what year was he/she born? a 1962. a= Ta on siindinud tuhande tiheksasaja kuuekiimne teisel aastal. b 1978.a- © 2007.a- : order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 4-16 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 10 — questions using the following example. Translate the questions, They - daughter Kas neil on tiitar? Do they have a daughter? = > a 3 = 3 8 2 ; 3 9014 : g & 2 2, B 3 90 SIAWAWNE 2. You (sing.) — car Kas 3 Maria — husband Kas 4 He-dog Kas 5 You (pl)-family Kas Exercise 11 Choose the correct form. Joosepile/Joosepil meeldib sportida, Kaidole/Kaidol on oma firma. Avele/Avel on. kolm last. Avele/Avel meeldib tantsida. Mulle/Mul on suur koer. Kasparile/Kasparil meeldib juttu ajada. Marekile/Marekil on kaks vanaisa. Lembitale/Lembitul meeldib muusikat kuulata. Exercise 12 Write the months that come before and after in Estonian. Gexercise 13 Use the words in brackets in the correct form. Listen to the recording for the correct answers. Then read the exercise once more using the real names of the months in the sentences which are relevant to your family. WOYAKMEWHE 10 Minu lapse siinnipdev on (oktoober) 11 Minu sdbra siinnipaev on (november) .... 12 Minu iilemuse siinnipdev on (detsember) .. Minn siinnipaev on (jaanuar) .... Minu ema sinnipaev on (veebruar) Minu isa siinnipaev on (marts) Minu yanaema siinnipaev on (aprill) Minu vanaisa siinnipaev on (mai) Minu venna siinnipaev on (juuni) . Minu 6e siinnipdev on (juuli) Minu tadi siinnipaev on (august) Minu onu siinnipaev on (september) Exercise 14 Find the right match, — 4 Kontsert toimub 5. jaanuaril. | a Kontsert toimub iiheksandal jaanuaril, 2 Kontsert toimub 8. jaanuaril. | b Kontsert toimub kolmeteistkiimnendal jaanuaril, | 3 Kontsert toimub 9. jaanuaril. | ¢ Kontsert toimub kaheksateistkiimnendal jaanuaril. 4 Kontsert toimub 11. jaanuaril.| d Kontsert toimub kahekiimne viiendal jaanuaril. | 5 Kontsert toimub 13. jaanuaril.| e Kontserr toimub viiendal jaanuaril. | 6 Kontsert toimub 15, jaanuaril.| f Kontsert toimub itheksateistkiimnendal | jaanuaril. | 7 Kontsert toimub 18. jaanuaril.| g Kontsert toimub iheteistkiimnendal jaanuaril. 8 Kontsert toimub 19, jaanuaril.| h Kontsert roimub kolmekiimne esimesel jaanuaril, 9 Kontsert toimub 25, jaanuaril. Kontsert toimub viieteistkiimnendal jaanwaril. 10 Kontsert toimub 31. jaannaril. Kontsert toimub kaheksandal jaanuaril. GQ Exercise 15 Listen to the recording and then fill in the right date. 1 Tema siinnipaev on ... « martsil. 2 Tema siinnipdev on ... martsil. a Tema siinnipaev on ... martsil. ‘ Tema siinnipaev on martsil. ‘Tema siinnipaev on .., .. martsil. ay = a 3 z s 3 B 2 8 9016 a z 8 $ e é ; 90 6 Tema siinnipaey on .. méartsil. 7 Tema siinnipaev on martsil. 8 Tema siinmipaev on martsil. 9 Tema siinnipdev on martsil. 10 Tema siinnipaev on .. martsil. Cl exercise 16 Read the following sentences out loud. Listen to the recording to check your answers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Kontsert toimub 5. jaanuaril. Filmifestival algab 28. juunil ja l6peb 15. augustil. Tema siinnipaev on 30. jaanuaril. Ta on siindinud 1978. aastal. Ma olen siindinud 1982. aastal. Kas sa oled siindinud 1969. aastal? Me oleme siindinud 1954. aastal. Nad on siindinud 2000. aastal. Kas te olete siindinud 1963. aastal? 0 Nad ei ole siindinud 2008. aastal. Let’s communicate! Dexercise 17 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You are looking at the family photos of a friend who has a son and a daughter, After you have completed the dialogue listen and check. Sina Ask your friend How old is your son? Sdber Ta on kiimme aastat vana. Sina Ask yout friend But how old is your daughter? Sdber ‘Tiitar on viisteist aastat vana. Sina Say I also have a daughter. Sdber Kui vana sinu tiitar on? Sina Say She is 17 years old. Sdber Millal tema siinnipaev on? Sina Say On the 15th of May. Glexercise 18 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You are having a job interview. You have already - peen asked about your professional skills and now you have to nswer some more persona) questions. Translate the questions in bold first. After you have completed the dialogue, listen to the yecording and check. You are asked Kui vana te olete? Say I am 36 years old. You are asked Kas teil on lapsed? Say you have one daughter, You are asked Kui vana teie tiitar on? Say She is 12 years old. You aré asked Kellena teie abikaasa todtab? Say She/he is a journalist. You are asked Kas teil on oma auto? Answer Yes, I have my own car, You are asked Kas te olete eestlane? Say I am German, but my father is Swedish. Fo Sm Se oe ob C Exercise 19 Speak about your day. Listen to the recording to check your answers. a Say I wake up at eight every morning. b Say Then I walk outside with the dog. ¢ Say Then I make breakfast. d= Say I drive to work by car. e Say At work I have to make phone calls, write e-mails and meet people. f Say At work I also read news from the internet. e Say At six I go to work out with friends. Say After the workout I go home. i Say Sometimes friends come to visit. j Say A couple of times a month I go to the theatre. k Say At twelve o'clock I go to sleep. = xq 2 Z i B 8 90jJOyFeEW OU} O} 06 $,19} 9jnin} ewye] D.Listening 1 You will hear people buying food at the market. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 1-2 below. = = © e 3 o é & a Ostja Kui palju see juust maksab? Miiijja Seitsektimmend krooni kilo. Ostja Palun siis pool kilo. Miiija Kohe. eta Tere. Kui palju need ploomid maksavad? Miiijja Kakskiimmend krooni kilo. Ostja_—_ Palun siis kaks kilo. MiGidja Valige ise valja. 20 c Ostja__‘Tere. Kui palju see kala maksab? Muiija Kakssada krooni kilo. Ostja Oi, kui kallis! Miiija No aga'see on ka vaga hea kala. qd Ostja Tere. Kui palju need sibulad maksavad? Miiijja Kiimme krooni kilo. Ostja Ohoo, kui odavad! Miiiija Jah, see on t6esti vaga soodne hind. ostja, -,-t,-id buyer miiija, -,-t,-id seller, salesman/saleswoman kui palju = how much juust, -u,-u cheese maks/ma, -ta,-an to cost, to pay Kui palju see juust maksab? = How much does the cheese cost? kilo, -, kilo i here: in this case ploom, -i,-i,-e plum valja vali/ma, valja vali/da, to select vali/n valja ise yourself kala,-.-.-sid fish kallis, kalli, kallist, kalleid — expensive Oi kui kallis! Oh, how expensive! In this unit you will learn vaga very « how to buy food at the market° 5 z a 2 40 hea, -,-d, haid sibul, -a, -at, -aid odav, -a, -at, -aid Obhoo kui odavad! sood/ne, -sa, -sat, said hind, hinna, hinda, hindu good onion cheap Oh, how cheap (pl.)! bargain, cheap, good price CDListening 2 You will hear some more people buying food at the market. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 3-4 below. a Ostja Tervist! Kas teil on taist sinki? Note that from this unit on, four main forms are given for nouns: See also p. 130. Exercise 1 Listen and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false, a 1 The buyer asks abour the price of cheese. 2. Cheese costs 60 crowns a kilo. 3. He decides to buy one kilo of cheese. b 1 The buyer asks about the price of pears. 2 The fruit costs 80 crowns a kilo. 3 He decides to buy two kilos. c 1 The buyer asks about the price of fish. 2 Fish costs 200 crowns a kilo. 3 He thinks it’s a bargain price. d 1 The buyer asks about the price of onions. 2 Onions cost 20 crowns a kilo. 3 He thinks it’s not a good price. Exercise 2 What does the seller say? Choose the correct translation. 1 See on vaga hea juust. a The price of this cheese is very good. b This is very good cheese. 2 Valige ploomid ise valja. a Select the plums yourself. b I wilJ select the plums for you. 3 Kala hind on téesti vaga soodne. a The fish costs 100 crowns a kilo. b The price of fish is really good. Miija Ikka on, Vaadake, siin. Ostja Aga kas see on akki vaga soolane? Miiija Ei ole soolane, maitske ise! Ostja Mmm. Suureparane maitse. Ma vétan pool kilo. b Ostja Tere! Palun kaks kilo kollaseid 6unu. Miaiijja Jah, palun. Aga kollaseid Gunu on kahte sorti. Kumba te soovite? Oi, ma ei tea. Ma tahaksin magusaid. Ostja Miiiija Siis vGtke neid. Need on téesti viaga magusad. Ostja c MiGija Astuge ligi, proua! Proovige palun neid magusaid maasikaid. Jah, téesti vaga maitsvad. Aga kas need on eesti omad? Ostja Jah, pange siis neid kaks kilo. Miitija = Muidugi! | oomulikult! Need on Louna-Eestist. Ostja No siis ma vétan kohe viis kilo. Miiija Jah, palun. Hakkate moosi tegema, jah? Ostja Ei, s66me niisama ara. Kas teilon? Do you have? tai/ne, -se, -st, -seid lean sink, singi, sinki ham ikkaon sure we have @kki here: maybe soola/ne, -se, -st, -seid salty maits/ma, -ta,-en to taste maitske —_ taste (pl. imperative) suurepdra/ne, -se, -st,-seid excellent maitse, -, -t,-id taste vot/ma, -ta,-an. to take, to buy kolla/ne, -se, -st, -seid yellow 6un, -a, -a,-u apple sort, sordi, sorti, sorte sort, type kaks sorti two sorts kumb, -a, -a, -i == which one tead/ma, -a, tea/n fo know taht/ma, -a, taha/n. to want - N = 5 e 3 a g = = 40yoinung ewe! 40 magus, -a, -at,-aid sweet pane/ma, pann/a, pane/n to put, to give pange to give (pl. imperative) ligi astu/ma, ligi astu/da, _to step closer astu/n ligi proovi/ma, -da,-n to try maasikas, maasika, strawberry maasikat, maasikaid maitsev, maitsva, tasty maitsvat, maitsvaid eestiomad Estonian (pl.) muidugi of course loomulikult naturally Léuna-Eestist from southern Estonia moos, -i,~i,-e jam moosi tege/ma, moosi teh/a, to. make jam tee/n moosi &ra s66/ma, ara siili/a, to eat up s66/n ara niisama just so Exercise 3 Listen and! choose the right answer. a 1 2 3 4 2. The berries come from a northern Estonia, b southern Estonia, c western Estonia. 3. The buyer gets a three kilos, b four kilos, c five kilos. 4 She is buying berries for a making jam, b just eating, ¢ reselling. Exercise 4 Choose the correct translation. Suureparane maitse! a Wonderful taste! b A lot of taste! Oi, kui kallis! a Oh, how much! b Oh, how expensive! See on vaga soodne hind. a The taste is very salty, b The price is very cheap. Kumba te soovite? a Which one would you like? b What would you like? Astuge ligi! a Try this! b Step closer! Need on Louna-Eestist. a We are in southern Estonia. b These come from southern Estonia. 7 Prooyige palun. a Please buy. b Please try. b Oe an D_Listening 3 You will hear people buying cucumbers (first dialogue) and biscuits (second dialogue). Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 5-7 below. The buyer wants to buy a ham, b meat, ¢ fish. The buyer is worried that maybe the food is a very expensive, b very salty, c very spicy. The buyer says the taste is a strange, b excellent, ¢ bad. The buyer buys a one kilo, b two kilos, ¢ half a kilo, The buyer wants to have a two kilos of apples, b two kilos of oranges, c two kilos of pears. There are a two sorts of apple, b three sorts of apple, ¢ four sorts of apple. The buyer would like to have a bigger apples, b smaller apples, ¢ sweeter apples. Eventually she buys a one kilo, b two kilos, ¢ three kilos. The saleswoman is selling a cranberries, b blueberries, ¢ strawberries. a Ostia = Palun kaks kilo kurke, Miiiijja Kas panen kotti? Ostja Pange jah. Midja Nii. Kilo hind on kaheksateist krooni, see teeb kokku kolmkGmmend kuus krooni. Ja kott on kroon kakskiimmend, Ostja Oi, aga kas teil suuremat kotti ei ole? Miiija On ikka. Palun. Hindon sama. b Ostia Soovin osta pool kilo kiipsiseid. Mildja Kas suuremaid véi vaiksemaid? Ostia Suuremaid. Miiija Kas ma pakin karpi voi kotti? Ostia Kas karp on kallim kui kot? Milija ‘Mélemad on tasuta. Ostja__ Pakkige siis palun karpi. Miija Teeme nil. 23 5 3 z @ & & 201 s yaynany ewiyp] fo 20 kurk, kurgi, kurki, kurke kott, koti, kotti, kotte kotti teeb kokku kroon kakskiimmend suurem, -a, -at, -aid sama, =, -, Samu soovi/ma, -da, -1 ost/ma, -a, -an kdpsis, -e, -t, -eid vaike(ne), -se, -st, -si vaiksem, -a, -at, -aid pakki/ma, -da, paki/n karp, karbi, karpi, karpe karpi kallim, -a, -at, -aid mdélemad tasuta pakkige teeme nii cucumber, gherkin bag into the bag makes (used when calculating numbers) one crown and twenty (cents) bigger same to wish, want to buy cookie, biscuit small smaller to pack box into the box dearer, more expensive both free of charge pack (pl. imperative) OK ((it. let's da so) Exercise 5 Listen and choose the right answer. a 1 Ostja tahab osta a kilo kurke, b kaks kilo kurke, ¢ kolm kilo kurke. ¢ 18 krooni. ARw NL m ¢ kaks kilo kiipsiseid. 2 Ostja soovib a suuremaid kiipsiseid, b vaiksemaid Kilo kurke maksab a 16 krooni, b 17 krooni, Kokku on hind a 36 krooni, b 35 krooni, ¢ 34 krooni. Kott maksab a 1.30, b 1.20, ¢ 1,40. Suurem kott maksab a 1.30, b 1.20, ¢ 1.40. Ostja tahab osta a pool kilo kiipsiseid, b kilo kiipsiseid, kiipsiseid, c magusamaid kiipsiseid. 3. Mitiija iitleb a Kas ma pakin karpi véi kotti?, b Kas ma pakin kotti?, ¢ Kas ma pakin karpi? wb kotti. Karp on a kallis, b oday, c tasuta. Miiija pakib kiipsised a karpi, b kotti, c vadikesesse _ Exercise 6 Choose the correct translation. 1 2 3 4 Kas panen kotti? a Do you have a bag? b Shall I put them jn a bag? Kott on kallim kui karp. a The bag, is more expensive than the box. b The box is more expensive than the bag. Sooviksin vaiksemaid. a I would like to have the smaller ones. b These are too small. Hind on sama. a The price is set. b The price is the same, Dexercise 7 Choose the right response, then listen to check your answers. 4 Kui palju need sibulad maksavad? a Viisteist krooni. b Ohhoo, kui odavad! 2 Palun pool kilo kurke. a Proovige palun: b Valige ise valja. 3 Kas see sink on vaga soolane? a Jah, see on tdesti soodne hind. b Ei ole, maitske ise! 4 Ounu on kahte sorti. Kumba te soovite? a Ma tahaksin magusaid. b Jah, pange siis neid kaks kilo. 5 Kas need maasikad on Eesti omad? a Loomulikult! b Ei, sddme niisama ara. 6 Kas panen kotti? a On ikka. b Pange jah. 7 Kas teil suuremat kotti ei ole? a Suuremaid. b On ikka! 8 Kas karp on kallim kui kott? a Pakkige palun karpi. b Mélemad on tasuta. Distening 4 Janek and Marek are university mates who share the same room in their dormitory. They are discussing what to cook for dinner and who should go and get the necessary ingredients. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercise 8. Janek Marek Janek Marek Janek Marek K6ht on nii tihi! Mida me siiiia teeme? Oota, ma vaatan, mis. meil kiimkapis on. Nii — kahjuks on ainult hapukurke ja dlut. Kes poodi laheb? Sina lahed. Mine ja too palun mune ja sibulaid, Ma teen omletti. Kui neil on, siis.osta iks vaiksem pudel Gli ka. Miks mina pean alati poes kaima? Sest mina teen alati sii. jemuny euyer 79S jornum owe 40 Janek Nojah, eks ma siis lahen. Aga ma ostan stis juba veini, oliive ja juustu ka, Kutsume Annika ja Maarika killa! Marek Kutsume jah! Vaga hea mote! Osta siis kindlasti varsket puuvilja ka, kui nad mitivad. Naiteks viinamarju. Janek Hea kill. Ma siis hen, Aga néusid pesed parast sina. kOht, kohu, kGhtu, Kohte + stomach KGht on nii thi. = /’m so hungry (lit. stomach is so. empty) kiilm/kapp, -kapi, -kappi, —_ refrigerator -kappe ainult only hapu/kurk, -kurgi, -kurkd, -kurke pickled cucumber too/ma, tuu/a, too/n to bring muna, -,-,;mune egg sibul, -a, -at;-aid onion tege/ma, teh/a, tee/n to make omlett, omleti, omletti omelette ost/ma, -a,-an ‘to buy vaiksem, -a, -at,-aid smaller 6li,-,- off miks = why. kai/ma, kai/a, kai/n to go siitia tege/ma, sila teh/a, to cook food tee/n sia juba already (here: in this case) juust, -u,-u,-e cheese killa kutsu/ma, killa kutsu/da, —_to invite kutsu/n killa méte, motte, métet, matteid idea, thought kindlasti for sure, certainly varske, -,-t, -id fresh puu/vili, -vilja, -vilja, -vilju fruit miiii/ma, -a,-n to sell viina/mari, -marja, -marja, -marju grape néusid pese/ma, néusid pes/ta, to wash the dishes pese/n néusid parast _/ater, afterwards _ Exercise 8 Listen and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. Janek is very hungry. There is beer, pickled cucumbers and bread in the refrigerator. Marek suggests making an omelette. Marek asks Janek to bring eggs, onions and a smaller bottle of oil. Marek always goes to the shop, Janek suggests also buying some wine, olives and cheese, Annika and Maarika call to ask if they could come to visit. Marek wants to buy some grapes. Janek will have to wash the dishes later. Be Ve SO MIAH Language patterns Palun pool kilo juustu Half a kilo of cheese please - partitive singular case We have already learnt that words like pirukas pie, sink ham, juust cheese etc. have three main forms: I ne 1m pirukas piruka pirukat kohy kobvi kohvi jaust juustu juustu — Nn N = 3 a 2 & a 4028 g 3 5 = 20 Now we will continue to study the usage of the third from (we first looked into it in Unit 4). Here are somie constructions when the third form is used: * kaks pirukat two pies, kolm kohwi three coffees i.e. with all numbers two and upwards * kilo juustu @ kilo of cheese, tass kohvi a cup of coffee i.e. with other words that express quantity * Kas teil on jaustu? Do you have any cheese? Meil on juustu We have some cheese. Osta juustu Buy some cheese. i.e. to express uncertain quantity © Meil e: ole juustu We don't have cheese. i.e, in negative sentences In the following table (Exercise 9) we will study how to make the third form of the most common foods. Some useful adjectives are also given. Note that all the words we will study mark uncountable substances. You will find an explanation about words which are clearly countable by piece, like muna egg, dun apple, kartul potato, etc, in the next grammar section. Gexercise 9 Study the table. Fill in the missing words as the examples indicate, then listen to check your answers. Once you have completed the major work, you can always come sool salt Jeib bread (rye bread) leiva leiba sai white bread saia saia must black kala fish kala kala kana chicken Jiha meat hakkliha minced meat -t varske fresh varske/t valge white lahja low fat, light keefir sour milk jogurt yoghurt ketSup ketchup magus sweet magusa magusat | maitsev tasty maitsva maitsvat subkur sugar subkru roheli/ne gree rohelise rohelist puna/ne red | tai/ne lean back to this table if in doubt how to make a certain forni. “ ke(ne) small vaikese | jaatis icecream jaatise jaatist first form I second form II third form II |tume dark tumeda tumedat a hele light (for colour) vorst sausage vorsti vorsti suur big vein wine mse koor cream limonaad lemonade olu beer Sokolaad chocolate Vesi water sink ham singi sinki mesi honey iad juust cheese juusta juusta tee’ tea jahu flour jahu jahu Oi butter “a kakao cocoa piim milk piima piima hea good kohupiim | r cottage cheese, curd ronan owysy iyjojnany cule] 20 Measures When shopping at the marker we often use the third form with the following measures: sada grammi hundred grams of juusta cheese pool kilo half a kilo of sinki ham iuks kilo one kilo of liha meat kaks kilo two kilos of +1 form jahu flour pakk a packet of void butter pudel a bottle of veini wine karp a box of jaatist icecream purk a jar of moosi jam kort a bag of suhkrat sugar Bear in mind that with numbers bigger than one the third form has to be used, so we say kaks pudelit limonaadi two bottles of lemonade, kolm purki moosi three jars of jam etc. With the number one we say iiks pudel limonaadi one bottle of lemonade, iiks purk moosi one jar of jam. 1 I tm pakk packet paki pakki kott bag koti kotti purk jar purgi purki karp box karbi karpi pudel bortle pudeli pudelit pats loaf patsi patsi In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 14-17 in the Let’s Practise! section. Palun kaks kilo kollaseid G6unu Two kilos of yellow apples please — partitive plural In the previous grammar section we dealt with words that usually mark uncountable substances (like tee tea, vOi butter atc.). Now we will learn one more grammatical form that is used with countable substances (like dunad apples, kurgid cucumbers, pahklid nuts, rosinad raisins etc). We will call it the fourth form. The fourth form can have three different types of ending, i.e.: -id (usually with longer words) -sid (usually with shorter words) -e, t, -u (also usually with shorter words) The endings of the fourth form can be derived from the endings of the third form i.e: if the third form ends with: then the fourth form ends with: +t -id -sid -d ——_»> -id - —» -i -i ——» -e “4 -e “a “u SS “i -e As it is quite complicated to learn all the rules of making, th I q Sy the fourth form from this unit on, the fourth form is presented for all new words we learn» The fourth form is used in the following constructions. ° kilo 6unu a kilo of apples, kott kartuleid a bag of potatoes i.e. with words that express quantity * Kas teil on kollaseid pirne? Do you have any yell 5 aseid 2 ry yellow pears? Mcil on kollaseid pirne. We have some yellow pears, Osta kollaseid pine, Buy some yellow pears., ie, to express uncertain quantity * Meil ci ole kollaseid pirne. We don’t have yellow pears, ue. in negative sentences Note that with numbers we do not use the fourth but the third form (kolm pirni three pears, kiimme duna ten apples). = g ; 5 = 401 a Joynany euryel 63 20 CJ Exercise 10 In the following table you will find the names of some fruits and vegetables and some common adjectives like suur big, punane red etc. Fill in the missing forms. The ending of the fourth form usually depends on the ending of the third form. Listen to the recording to check your answers. Once you have completed most of the work, you can always look back at this table, if in doubt how to make a certain form! first form second form third form fourth form t +id sibul onion sibula sibulat sibulaid magus sweet valge white 03 maasika/s strawberry| maasika maasikat maasikaid jOhvika/s cranberry | so... aeiaesiaiaziaseneare odav cheap spear aesicscnsec kartul potato kartul/elid porgand carrot tomat tomato pahkel nut svete aes kallis expensive kalli kallist kalleid keolla/ne yellow kollase kollast kollaseid puna/ne red z vee sini/ne blue rasva/ne greasy “ a ae vaike(ne) small vaikse vaikest vaikselid NB! roheli/ne rohelise rohelist rohelisi green -d -id hea good hea head NB! haid i” t -sid hapu sour hapu haput hapusid. roosa pink csssnvnensanneesee 433 kirju colourful, with many colours z = ~é FS pruun brown pruuni pruuni pruune é ploom plum hall grey komm candy pir pear nee kork cucumber kargi kurki SS “a oH bun apple 6una ouna ounu marti berry marja Marja | sassecsecsanesaneee -a € muna egg muna muna mune ~a a must black musta musta musti + 4 seen mushroom. | seene seent seeni suar big asncnneiininvan | sandaseziasesaapass Here are some examples of usage of the fourth form: sada grammi hundred grams o; kiipsiseid biscuii pool kilo half a kilo of f Sunt wool tiks kilo one kilo of kurke cucumbers kaks kilo two kilos of +IV form kartuleid potatoes pakk a packet of palikleid nuts karp a box of komme sweets park 4 jar of seeni mushrooms ott a bag of maasikaid strawberries In order to practise this: grammar topic further do Exercises 18-20 in the Let’s practise! section.34 § 2 a & ea = 40 @ Estonian markets Every town in Estonia has a turg market. In fact, there are usually several lihaturg meat market, kalaturg fish market and taiturg or taika flea market (for selling second-hand items). During the summer juurviljad vegetables and puuviljad fruits are sold on avaturg the open air market by the local farmers. There you can also by a large variety of istikud young plants and lilled flowers for gardens. Compared to more southern countries, an Estonian market is a very quiet place: the sellers do not loudly advertise their goods, the prices are set and no bargaining goes on. The sellers might try to attract your attention by saying things like Maasikatd laheb? Would you like some strawberries? or Palun - vaga head tomatid! Please - the tomatoes:are very good! It is polite to answer Ei, aitah, ma praegu ei osta No thank you, I’m not buying now if you do not intend to buy. Still, shopping at the market is recommended as you can get many fresh goods that shops don't sell, like home-grown berries: punane séstar redcurrant, must séstar blackcurrant, tikker gooseberry, vaarikas raspberry and maasikas strawberry, and metsamarjad wild berries like metsmaasikas wild strawberry, jéhvikas cranberry, pohl cowberry, mustikas blueberry; murakas cloudberry. In the autumn locally picked wild mushrooms like kukeseen chanterelle and puravik boletus. can also be found as well as huge piles of arbuus watermelon and viinamari grapes, which are brought in from. Ukraine and Moldova. If you have a sweet tooth, look for locally produced mesi honey, which comes in a variety of sorts and colours. The Estonian meat market is a place to look for tasty cuts of sealiha pork, veiseliha beef, vasikaliha veal or lambaliha mutton. If you are a sensitive person then you might not enjoy the naturalistic sight of the place but it's well worth a try as. you can also buy delicious suitsuvorst smoked sausage (sometimes even made of pédraliha wild elk) and sink ham there. With these sorts of goods you can always ask Kas maitsta saab? Can | have a taste? and you will be offered a small slice to try. The most common fish that are caught and sold in Estonia are raim Baltic herring, haug pike, forell trout, angerjas eel, lest flounder and latikas bream. Kellelt sa 6unu ostad? From whom do you buy the apples? — ablative case We have already learnt how to answer the questions Kellele? Who to? and Kellel? Who has? Now we will learn another similar question Kellelt? From who? Look at the examples in the followi | : s lowing table - some common words with which the particular endings are ased are presented 35 at the top. Fill in the missing. forms. F who? kelicle? who te? z alle? who keellel? wha bas? | Kellelt? from who? raagid you tell on kiisid you ask i Jerjuted you wine | bas keauled you hear = helistad you call Ostad you buy annad you give’ saad you get | maida seller miiiijale miitijal mitiijalt ostia buyer astjale ostjal ostjalt Janek Janek Janekile Janekil Janekilr Ss sober friend sdbrale naine woman aaisele mees sian mehele lIaps child tapaele naaber neighbour | naabrile abikaasa husband | abikaasale iilemus boss iilemusele In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 21 in the Let’s practise! section. Suur, suurem, kGige suurem Big, bi i ; ig, bigger, the biggest — comparative forms of adjectives 9 When comparing things special forms of words li is pee small, ilus beautiful, kallis expensive are wed. to Beate we a big ~ bigger — biggest. In Estonian we just add -m to the cond form i.e. (I) suur (II) suure + -m = suurem, which means igger. By adding the word kéige i.e kdige suurem we get the meaning the biggest. The sentences for comparing things would look like this: Apelsin on suurem kui An orange is bigger than Re rcaalin. a clementine. ea ariin on magusam A clementine is sweeter Gris peli, than an orange. m kéige suurem it i i i ak Bi Grapefruit is the biggest fruit,= jemuny omy @ 20 Strawberry jam is the sweetest jant. Maasikamoos on kéige magusam moos. Note that it is also possible to say Greip on suurim puuvili, which means exactly the same as Greip on kéige suurem puuvili. This type of construction with the letter # cannot be made from all adjectives but it is quite common with words like suurim = kdige suurem — the biggest, parim = kdige parem — the best, halvim = kéige halvem - the worst etc. Exercise 11 Fill in the missing forms. The examples will help you. kéige suurem suur, -€ suurem the biggest big bigger moor, -e young yaike(ne), vaikse seal magus, -a sweet odav, -a cheap kallis, kalli expensive hapu, - sour aa | NBt pik, pik/a long, tall | pikem lai, -a wide vana, - old lahja, - lean, low-fat hhalb, halva bad NB! hea good parem kéige parem Kas teil suuremaid ei ole? Don’t you have bigger ones? - conjugating comparatives As you already know, case endings are added to Estonian words to indicate different meanings. Such endings can also be added to the comparative forms of adjectives we just learnt in the previous grammar part. Fortunately, they all take the same endings, for instance: first form second form third form fourth form suurem suurema suuremat suuremaid jlusam ilusama ilusamat ilusamaid | odavamt odavama odavamat odayamaid | yaiksem vaiksema vaiksemat vaiksemaid Formis like this are used for instance in the following types of sentence: Kas teil on suuremat kotti? Do you have a bigger bag? Kas tei) on odavamat juustu? Do you have any cheaper cheese? Palun kaks kilo vaiksemaid Two kilos of smaller kurke. cucumbers please. Exercise 12 Make sentences following the example of the sample sentence. See on liiga hapu mahl. Kas teil on magusamat? See on liiga magus limonaad. Kas teil on See on liiga kallis sink. Kas teil on ,. See on liiga vaike kort, Kas teil on 2 Need on liiga suured kurgid, Kas teil on vaiksemaid? Need on liiga vaiksed Gunad, Kas teil on .. Need on liiga hapud maasikad. Kas teil on Need.on liiga odavad kommid. Kas teil on .. In order to practise the last two grammar topics further do Exercise 22 in the Let’s practise! section. BYR WAR we Ma ldhen turule. Ma kain iga pev turul / go to the market. | go to the market every day The words minema, minna to go, lahen J go and kaima, kaia to 80, kdin I go both indicate movement and have the same tanslation in English. The difference in Estonian is that minema, minna to go, lahen I go are used when someone goes Somewhere just once or just this time, for instance: Lahen poodi. 1 go to the shop. Kas sa lahed koju? Are you going home? Lahme kohvikusse! Let’s go to the coffee shop! Mine turule. Go to the market! i : g 2 401 jainany ewyEl $3 Kaima, kaia, kin ] go is used when talking about someone going somewhere often or regularly, for instance: Ma kain igal pithapaeval —_I go to the market every turul. Sunday. Ta kaib tédl. He/She goes to work. We go to school. They take courses (lit. go to the courses). Me kaime koolis. Nad kaivad kursusel. ‘Ma kain tural ig4 paev. iets Igo to the market ge To the market. avery day. Note that the words used with minema fo go take the ending -sse or -le or are in short form (Lahen kohvikusse I go to the coffee shop. Anna laheb turule Ama goes to the market. Me lahme kinno We go to the cinema) but with kaima they take either the ending -s or -I (Lahen turule I go to the market. Kain turul I go to the market). Exercise 13 Insert either kdima or minema. 1 Ta... . igal esmaspdeval kursusel. 2 Ma. tana kinno. 3 Kassa homme hommikul turule? 4 Ma. niiid tool. 5 M praegu kohvikusse. 6 Ma. igal nddalavahetusel kontserdil. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 23 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 14 Find all the edible things then translate the entire list. ploom, kort, maasikas, kala, karp, juust, kurk, sink, kiipsis, sibul, muna, hind, hapukurk, viinamari, dli, omlett Exercise 15 Choose the correct form. Kahjuks meil ei ole juust/juustu. Kahjuks meil ei ole jogurt/jogurtit. Kahjuks meil ei ole limonaad/limonaadi. Kahjuks meil ei ole Sokolaad/Sokolaadi. Kahjuks meil ei ole tume 6lu/tumedat 6lut. Kahjuks meil ¢i ole taine sink/taist sinki. Kahjuks meil ei ole punane vein/punast veini. Kahjuks meil ei ole must tee/musta teed. SYAUVE we Exercise 16 a the words in brackets in the correct form then translate the phrases. sada grammi (sink’ iiks pudel (vein) iiks pudel (limonaa kolmsada grammi (juust) iiks kott (jahu) . kilo (hakkliha) . kaks (kala) pool (kana) kolm (jogurt) 10 kaks (ket8up) ... 11 _kaks (pakk) (roheline tee) . 12 kolm (tass) (must kohy) . 13 kaks (tume dlu) 14 neli (hele dlu) ... 15 kaks (pudel) (vesi) 16 kaks (purk) (mesi) .. COU Anawene jeinamy suuer §jena owe, 40 Exercise 17 Translate the following: Do you have ... NDAAKRWNe (some) black tea? ... (any) good ice cream? (any) dark beer? .... (any) Estonian cheese (any) lean meat? (any) fresh fish? (any) low-fat yoghurt Exercise 18 Choose the correct form. SIAR AWN Kahjuks meil ei ole suured johvikad/suuri johvikaid. Kahjuks meil ei ole punaseid Gunu/punased 6unad. Kahjuks meil ei ole prune seeni/pruunid seened. Kahjuks meil ei ole rohelised 6unad/rohelisi Sunu. Kahjuks meil ei ole vaikesed kurgid/vaikseid kurke. Kahjuks meil ei ole odavaid tomateid/odavad tomatid. Kahjuks meil ei ole kallid seened/kalleid seeni. Kahjuks meil ci ole hapusid marju/hapud marjad. Exercise 19 Use the words in brackets in correct form then translate the phrases. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 kolmsada grammi (maasikad) . pool kilo (sibulad) .. viis kilo (kollased kai kolm kilo (sinised ploomid) iiks purk (vaikesed kurgid) karp (suured munad) «2... natuke (head porgandid) kott (roosad Sunad) .... kaks kilo (magusad pirnid ) 0 karp (mustad seened) Exercise 20 Translate the following: Do you have ... 1 2 eH 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 (any) good carrots? (any) white potatoes? ... (any) cheap tomatoes, (any) sour berries? (any) red plums?.... (any) big cucumbers? (any) small mushrooms (any) beautiful cranberries: (any) expensive apple: (any) pink plums? ... Exercise 21 Choose the correct form. wMbwe Ma helistan iilemusele/iilemusel/iilemuselt. Minu mehele/mehel/mehelt on suur auto. Ma kiisin iilemusele/iilemusel/iilemuselt todd. Ma helistan lapsele/lapsel/lapselt. Ma saan abikaasale/abikaasal/abikaasalt kirja. Exercise 22 Make similar sentences. BIK wb 6un, kapsas, suur Kapsas on suurem kui Gun. tort, voileib, magus..... kohupiim, juust, lahja vein, mahl, kallis ., jOhvikad, maasikad, hapu Jobvikad on hapumad kui maasikad. seened, kommid, magus ... ploomid, pahklid, vaike kartulid, kapsad, sur .. = jomam owye,jeinum eunyet & 40 Exercise 23 Choose the correct form. 1 Ma lahen diskole/diskol. Ma kain igal reedel diskol/diskole, 2. Ta laheb naitusele/naitusel. Ta kaib tihti naitusele/nditusel. 3 Me laheme homme fillelaadale/ Me kaime igal kevadel lillelaadal. lillelaadal/illelaadale. 4 Nad ldhevad kohyikus/ Nad armastavad kohvikusse/ kohyikusse, kohvikus kaia. 5 Mine poodi/poes ja Ma kain iga péey poodi/poes osta kommi. ja ostan kommi. 6 Mine turul/torule ja too liha. Kain tavaliselt niidalavahetusel turule/ turul ja ostan liha. Let’s communicate! CG Exercise 24 Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Say I want to buy a kilo of strawberries. Mifiija Kas suuremaid voi vaiksemaid? Sina Say The smaller ones. Miiiija Kas panen kotti voi karpi? Sina Say Please pack in the box. Miiiija_ Nii. Kilo hind on nelikiimmend krooni. Sina Ask how much the cucumbers cost. Miiiija Kuusteist krooni kilo. Sina Ask for half a kilo. Miiiija Palun. See teeb kokku nelikiimmend kaheksa krooni. Gexercise 25 Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Mitiija Astuge ligi! Proovige palun neid magusaid ploome. Sina: Say Yes, they are really sweet. Miiiija: Proovige pirne ka! Sina: Say Excellent taste. Ask are they Estonian? Miiiija: Ei, need on Ukrainast. Si Ask how much do these pears cost? Kaheksateist krooni kilo. Ask But how much do these plums cost? a: Kaksteist krooni kilo. Say Oh, how cheap! Miiiija: Jah, see on téesti yaga soodne hind. sina: Say J will take half a kilo of them. Exercise 26 Read the letter. Use a dictionary, if necessary. Write a similar Jetter of your own using the words and expressions learnt in this unit. Kallis Mihkelt Mul ei ole tina aega poodi minna, lahen bhtul veel kursusele. Ole hea, mine ise poodi ja too pakk kohupiima, 10 muna, pats leiba, kaks ‘pakki piima ja tks vatksem arbuus, Kut ‘poes arbuusi ef ole, sits mine palin turule. Tegelikuslt on vaja esta veel umbes kilo kartuleid ja pool kilo sibulaid, need on ka turtl odavamad kui poes. Ja véta siis palun viinamarje ka. Tumedad viinamarjad on paremad kui heledadt Raha on kapis. Osta endale midagi head ka. Musi Ema 8 jajnun eurye}fino 06 $19, fjeA owYe] In this unit you will learn « how to make a phone call « how to make an invitation + how to understand advertisements and to buy tickets. DO Listening 1 You will hear some people making phone calls. Listen to the dialogues and complete the Exercises 1-2. a Naine = Hallo! Mees Tere! Palun Dillet. Naine Jah, ma kohe kutsun. b Naine Hallo! Kas Tiina on kodus? Mees Ej ole praegu. Kas ma saan midagi edasi delda? Naine Las ta helistab Ingridile. Mees Jah, ma titlen edasi- c Mees = Tere. Kultuuriministeerium kuuleb, Naine Tervist. Mina olen Tila Parnapuu. Kas ma saaksin raakida proua Lauluga? Mees Kahjuks teda ei ole praegu kohal., Kas ma'saan midagi edasi oelda? Naine Ei, ma helistan uuesti. Mees Jah, proovige palun poole tunni parast uuesti. d Naine Hallo! Ma sooviksin raakida Tiit Talumetsaga. Mees = felen eunyey i=] oo162 az 5 3 3 & z @ Buying tickets for the cinema and the theatre The major municipal repertory theatres of Estonia are Eesti Draamateater Estonian Drama Theatre and Tallinna Linnateater Tallinn City Theatre, both situated in Tallinn, Vanemuine in Tartu, Ugala in Viljandi, Endla in Parnu and Rakvere Teater in Rakvere. As enjoying drama performances is very popular in Estonia, there is a great variety of smaller project theatres. and even children have their own Eesti Noorsoo- ja nukuteater Estonian Puppet Theatre in Tallinn. As there is a professional drama school in Estonia giving higher education to actors, the level of performances is high. Rahvusooper Estonia Estonian National Opera is situated in Tallinn presenting opera, musical and ballet performances. During the summer many musicals are performed in various places in Estonia. Going to the theatre is an occasion for most people; ladies dress up and men wear suits. It is inappropriate to go to the theatre wearing trainers and casual clothes, but any clean. and smart outfit will do. Overcoats are left in the cloakroom; during the winter, you may also leave your winter boats there. Information about Estonian cinemas and theatres can be found easily on the internet. Often, tickets can also be booked and bought online. If buying tickets at the ticket office you might want to say Palun kaks piletit ettepoole/tahapoole Two tickets closer to the stage please/ away from the stage please or Sooviksin piletit kuskile keskele/ kuskile are peale / would like to have a ticket somewhere in the middje/somewhere near the aisle. When buying ’tickets on the internet you might need to know words like parter or pérand the ground floor, rédu balcony; taispilet ful! price ticket; sooduspilet reduced price ticket. _ Let’s practise! Exercise 15 Decide in which sentences the conditional mood is used. 4 a Kas sa teatrisse tahad minna? b Kas sa teatrisse tahaksid minna? 2 a Kas sulle meeldiks balletti vaadata? b Kas sulle meeldib balletti vaadata? 3 a Kas sa eelistaks mirulifilmi ydi ulmefilmi? b Kas sa eelistad marulifilmi voi ulmefilmi? 4 a Kas’sa tuleksid sellel nadalavahetusel minuga klubisse? 'b Kas sa tuled sellel nadalavahetusel minuga klubisse? § a Moni teine kord on parem. b Méni teine kord oleks parem. 6 a Mis kohti te soovitate? b Mis kohti te soovitaksite? Exercise 16 Translate these sentences into Estonian. Would you like to go to the cinema with me? Of course I would like to. What sort of film would you prefer? I would like a science fiction film. Tn which row would you like the ticket? Somewhere in the middle. DAW Exercise 17 Find the right match. 1 Kassa on avatud 13.00-14.00, |.a Kassa on avatud kella h kaheksast kaheni. 2 ‘Kassa on avatud 13,00-21.00.| b Kassa on avatud kella kahest kaheksani. 3 Kassa on avatad $.00-14.00. | ¢ Kassa on avatud kella iihesr ttheksani. 4 Kassa on avatud 9.00-13.00. | d Kassa on avatud kella iiheksasr ijheni. 5 -Kassa on avatud 14.00-20.00.| ¢ Kassa'on avatud kella theksast viieni. & Kassa on avatud 9.00-17.00. | f Kassa on avatud kella ithest kaheni,64 5 2 a & & CD exercise 18 What’s the time? Write correct sentences, then listen to check your answers. ANnRwWve 15.05 17.10 19.13 20.50 21.55 22.58 Exercise 19 Translate the following sentences into Estonian. DAnNawrnne He will come in half an hour’s time. He will come after 4, Tam calling you because of the course. He will come in an hour’s time. He will come after 6. Lam doing this because of him. Exercise 20 Choose the right translation. 1 2 3 4 5 selle autori raamat. a the author of this book b the book of this. author sélle reziss66ri film a the film of this director b the director of this film minu sdbra laps a the child of my friend b the friend of my child tema abikaasa iilemus a the boss of his husband b the husband of his boss meie dpetaja koer a the dog of our teacher b the teacher of our dog Exercise 21 Translate the following phrases into Estonian. AWE the book of my child. the cost of this ticket. the name of this show the address of this cinema the author of this’ science fiction — Exercise 22 ranslate the following sentences. You need to pay attention to the usage of singular and plural. 1 Din bow Nende rezissééride filmid on vaga head. Selles kinos on kallid piletid. Festivali programmis: on erinevad filmid. Oéklubides saab tantsida kella kolmeni. Lasteetendustele vGivad tulla ka vanemad. Mulle meeldib see nditleja. Let’s communicate! Exercise 23 Here are some situations for you to practise. You are reading advertisements and discussing with a friend what to do on Saturday night. if You suggest going either to the cinema or to the nightclub, Your friend asks Mida sa ise eelistaks? What does he mean? 2 You decide to go to the cinema. It seems that only two films are running, How do you ask Isn’t there anything else? 3 You see an advertisement saying Esmaspaeviti piletid poole hinnaga. What does it mean? 4 You see a sign saying Kassa avatud iga paev v.a. L-P. What does it mean? Exercise 24 Here are some more situations for you to practise. You are calling the ticket office to ask some questions. 1 a 3 4 You have selected a film and want to ask if it is a comedy. How do you ask that? pfon want to know how long the film is. How do you ask that? You want to know if there is a price difference between different shows, How do you ask that? Now you are buying tickets. The saleswoman asks you Mis Mitta te soovite? You would like to have seats somewhere in the middle, How do you say that?iefign ewye] OD exercise 25 You are talking to a friend. Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Ask would you like to go to the cinema? Sober Millal? Sina Say Tonight. Séber Oh, lahe! Muidugi lahme! Sina Ask What kind of film would you like to see? Sdber Aga mida sa ise eelistaks? Sina _ Kesklinna kinos jookseb itks komédédia, lahme siis seda vaatama. Sdber Vaga hea. GDexercise 26 You are talking to a friend. Fill in the missing lines, and then listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Ask Would you like to go to the theatre this weekend? Sdber Ja mis etendus seal on? Sina Say Some kind of English comedy. Sdber Ma seekord ei saa. On muud tegemist. Sina Say Too bad. Maybe some other time then. Sdber VGib-olla testi. Oo Exercise 27 You are buying tickets for the evening performance. Fill in the missing lines, and then listen to the completed dialogue. Miiiija Tere! Sina Ask for two tickets, Miiiija Kas tanasele etendusele? Sina Say Yes, please. Mitiija Ja mis ritta? Sina Ask Is there any difference in price? Miiiija Ei ole. Sina Ask What places would you suggest? Miiiija Ma soovitaksin neid kohti siin. Sina Say OK. Ask How long is this performance? Miiiijja Kaks tundi. Sina Say Very good. Bo Exercise 28 You are calling the ticket office to ask about a movie called *Helesinine planeet”. Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Miiiijja Tere! Kassa kuuleb. Sina Say Hello! Say Please tell me what kind of film Blue Planet is. Miiiija See on dokumentaalfilm. Sina Ask who the director of this film is, Miiiijja Ta on vaga kuulus, aga tema nimi ei tule mul praegu meelde. Sina Say OK. Ask how long the film is. Miiiija Umbes poolteist tundi. Sina Ask how much the tickets cost. Miiiija Sada kuni kakssada krooni. Sina Ask whether the price depends on the time of the day. Miiija Ei sdlru. = N 5 = 3 ® 5 2 aDListening 1 169 You will hear a patient talking to the nurse at the hospital’s zZ registration desk. Listen to the dialogues and then complete z Exercises 1-2, 3 Patsient Tere, mul oleks vaja kiiresti arsti juurde saada. Mul. on a hirmus kéha. = Ode Kes on teie perearst? Patsient Ma olen valismaalane. Ode Kas teil haigekassa kaart on? Patsient Jah. Palun. Ode Kas teile tana kell iksteist sobiks? Patsient Sobib kill. Ode Oelge palun veel oma isikukood. Patsient See on 47705262199. Ode Selge. Minge siis kell tiksteist kabinetti number kaheksa. See on teisel korrusel. oS © — patsient, patsiendi, patsienti, patient of patsiente Q Ode, be, dde, Gdesid nurse ~~. Mul oleks vaja arsti | need to get to the doctor, = juurde saada, perearst, -i,-i,-e general practitioner, GP hirmus, hirmsa, hirmsat, terrible . hirmsaid i kéha,-,- cough 1 kiiresti quickly valismaala/ne, -se, -st,-si foreigner haigekassa kaart, kaardi, medical insurance card kaarti, kaarte Kas teile sobiks? Would... suit you? isikukood, -i. -i identification code kabinet, - room, surgery korrus, -e,-t.-eid floor, storey In this unit you will learn * haw to make an appointment with'a doctor Exercise 1 +» how to describe the most Li a . St common ailments | ten and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. * how to understand the 1 The patient needs to get to the doctor as soon as possible. doctor's prescriptions 2. His doctor is a foreigner. and buy medicine at 3 The patient does not have a medical insurance card. the chemist’s syobiey ulef ewo 7! 3 a 2 3 = 2 a z a 60 The patient can get to the doctor at 11 o'clock, The nurse asks for the patient’s pin code. The nurse asks the patient’s name and home address. The patient has to go to the room no, 8 The room is stuated on'the third floor. ON AA Exercise 2 Choose the right translation. 41 Mul oleks vaja arsti juurde saada. a I am at the doctor, b I need to get to the doctor. 2 Kas teil haigekassa kaart on? a Do you have a medical insurance card? b What is your identification code? 3 Kas teile kell kolm sobiks? a Is it possible at 3 o’clock? b Would 3 o’clock suit you? D._Listening 2 In these dialogues the doctors are questioning the patients about their illnesses. Listen to: the dialogues and then complete Exercises 3-4. a Arst Mis kaebused teil siis on? Patsient Mul on palavik ja kurk valutab. Ja mul on hirmus nohu. Arst Kui kérge palavik teil on? Patsient: Eile ahtul oli kolmktimmend Giheksa kraadi ja tana hommikul kolmkiimmend seitse viis. Arst Kas pea ka Shtul valutas? Patsient Valutas kill. Arst Teil on ilmselt gripp. Jooge sooja teed ja puhake. Kolme paeva parast peaksite terve olema. Patsient Kas ma siis pean uuesti teie juurde tulema? Arst Ei, kui kdik on korras, siis pole vaja tulla. b Arst Jargmine palun. Patsient Tere! Arst Tere! Mida te sits kaebate? Patsient Mul koht hirmsasti valutab. Arst Mida te hommikul séite? Patsient Ei sdénud midagi, jéin ainult kohvi. Arst Selge. Ma pean teid labi vaatama. Heitke palun pikali. Patsient Kas siia? S= Jah. Gelge, kui teil valus on. Patsient Ai-ai, sealt oli killl vaga valus. rst Nii-nii. Ma annan teile saatekirja eriarsti juurde. -_ arst, -i, -i, -e kaebus, -e, -t, -i palavik, -u, -ku kurk, kurgu, kurku valuta/ma, -da, -b nohu, -, - Kui korge? kraad, -i, -i, -e d, paid ilmselt gripp, gripi, grippi puhake kolme paeva parast peaksite terve, -, -t, -id uuesti teie juurde tulema kui k6ik on korras pole vaja jargmi/ne, -se,. -st, -si kéht, kGhu, k6htu hirmsasti ite ei sé66nud midagi join ainult labi vaata/ma, labi vaada/ta, vaata/n labi pikali heit/ma, pikali hei/ta, heida/n pikali seait oli valus nii-nii saate/kiri, -kirja, -kirja, -kirju eriarst, -i, -i,-e doctor complaint fever throat to ache cold, the snuffies How high? degree head probably flu do rest (pl. imperative) after 3.days. you should healthy, well again come to you if everything is OK itis not necessary next stomach terribly you (pl.) ate didn’t eat anything | drank only examine to lay down it hurt there I see, OK referal specialist doctor = q = 3 B & 5 5 & @ s 60qq Nn syabey uyel eur Exercise 3 Listen and choose the correct answer. For some questions several answers are cortect. a 1 The patient has a fever, b cramps, ¢ the snuffles, d a sore throat, e a headache. 2 Inthe evening the fever was as high as a 37.5 degrees, b 39 degrees, c 38 degrees. 3 The doctor thinks the patient has a flu, b pneumonia, ¢ a cold, d migraine. 4 The doctor suggests the patient should a take some medicine, b drink warm tea and rest, ¢ wait for 2 days and then come back. b Listen and choose the correct answer. 1 The patient has a a headache, b toothache, c stomach ache. 2 In the morning the patient a drank some coffee, b had breakfast, ¢ ate and drank nothing. 3. The doctor asks the patient to a undress, b to lie down, c say more about the symptoms, 4 The doctor thinks the patient should a consult with a specialist doctor, b go home and rest, c take some medicine. Exercise 4 Choose the right translation. 1 Mis kaebused teil on? a What complaints do you have? b How do you feel? 2 Kui kérge palavik teil on? a What is your temperature? b Have you measured your temperature? 3 Kas teil pea valutab? a Do you have a headache? b When does your head ache? 4 Kas ma pean wuesti teie juurde tulema? a When do | have to come back? b Do I have to come back to you? 5 Ma pean teid labi vaatama. a I need to see what I can do. b [ need to examine you. 6 Heitke palun pikali. a Please lay down. b Please stand up. 7 Oelge, kui teil valus on. a Please say when it hurts. b Please say where it hurts. Sig shoulder kent stomach | ——___kasi_ arr sorm finger kasi hand PONV knee jalg leg varvas toe jalg foot juuksed hair silm eye nina nose suu mouth B Listening 3 The first dialogue takes place’ in the dentist’s surgery and the second in the casualty department. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercises 5-6. a ‘Hambaarst Nii, Ma kuulan teid. Patsient Mul on kohutav hambavalu, Hambaarst Kas te valuvaigistit juba vatsite? Patsient Jah, aga see ei aidanud. Hambaarst Tehke palun suu lahti. Oi-jah. See hammas tuleb kahjuks valja t6mmata. Ma teen teile valuvaigistava silsti. Patsient —_Millal see koht dra paraneb? Hambaarst Umbes kolme paeva parast. — o Z a B a wr is a @ x ® 60174 b a Exercise 5 175 Arst Mis siis teiega juhtus? _ a z Patsient Ma kukkusin eile ja vaanasin jala vailja. Ohtul laks jalg | “ye . 2 Bi paistesse. Listen and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. zs 2 | Arst Kas te réntgenis juba kaisite? 4. The patient has a terrible headache, 2 z Patsient Jah, pilt on sin. Ja Sde andis mulle valuvaigistit. 2 The patient has already taken some painkillers but they S @ Arst Siin on téesti Iuumurd, mille peab kindlasti kipsi panema, didn’t work. g & Patsient Kul Kava ma kipsiga olema pean? 3 The doctor suggests the patient should take stronger Arst Kolme nadala parast votame kipsi ara. painkillers. 4 The doctor suggests she will give the patient an analgesic injection and she will pull the tooth out. hambaarst; -i, -i,-e dentist 3 se o Tuula/ena tan to lstento 5 The patient should feel better in 3 days’ time. oO oo kohutay, -a, -at, -aid terrible, horrible _ | b o valuvaigisti. -. -t. Valuvaigisteld ‘ok ply pain killer Listen and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. eiaidanud didn’t help 1. The patient fell and broke his arm. lahti tege/ma, lahtiteh/a, to open 2. The patient has already had an x-ray picture taken. tee/n lahti ; . 3 The patient bought some painkillers. tehke taht open ipl imperative) 4 The doctor suggests putting on a plaster. suu, -, ~ I hammas, hamba, hammast, tooth 5 The plaster has to stay on for three weeks. hambaid tule has io ' Exercise 6 lj , ull oun ; . valja témb/ama, rate ap Choose the right translation valuvaigistay, -a,-at,-aid analgesic 1. Kas te juba vétsite valuvaigistit? siist, -i,-i,-e injection valuvaigistay siist analgesic injection ara parane/ma, ara parane/da, fo heal 2 parane/b ara a Have you already taken the analgesic? b Do you want to have an analgesic? Tehke palun suu lahti. juhtu/ma, -da, -b to happen a Please close your mouth, b Please open your mouth, Mis teiega juhtus? What happened to you? 3 Me teeme teile valuvaigistava siisti. kukku/ma, -da, kuku/n to fall a We will give you some analgesic. b J will give you an kukkusin — / fel! analgesic injection. valja vaana/ma, valja vaana/ta, to sprain 4 Millal see koht ara paraneb? vaana/n valja a When will this place be healed? b When will I be well vaanasin valja | sprained again? jalg, jala, jalga, jalgu foot (also leg) 5 Mis teiega juhtus? paistesse mine/ma, paistesse fo swell up a What happened to you? b What complaints do you have? minnéa, glecationes swelled up 6 Kas te réntgenis juba kdisite? Kas te réntgenis kdisite? Did you go to x-ray? a Have you already had an x-ray done? b Do you want to pilt, pildi, pilti, pilte picture go to the x-ray? juu/murd, -murru, fracture (of bone) 7 Selle peab kipsi panema. -murdu, -murde a This needs to be put in plaster. b You must keep the plaster kipsi pane/ma, kipsi pann/a, _to put into plaster on, pane/n kipsi &ra vét/ma, ara vot/ta, —_to take off vota/n araa 3 3 z 5 g & 3 a 60 8 Kolme nadala parast votame kipsi ara. a We will take the plaster off in 3 weeks’ time. b The plaster needs to be on for 3 weeks. GBistening 4 You will hear a dialogue where someone is buying medicine at the chemist’s, Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises pakendis olev infoleht infofeht, -lehe, -lehte, -lehti ahah Exercise 7 information sheet that is in the package information sheet OK Listen and choose the correct answer. 7-8 below. Apteeker Nii. Mida teile? Ostja Palun seda rohtu, mis siin retseptis on. Apteeker Jah, palun. Ostja Kuidas seda rohtu vétma peab? Apteeker Te peaie neid votma kolm korda pdevas parast sodki kaks tabletti korraga. Ostja Kas koos veega? Apteeker Jah. Ostia Mitu tabletti siin pakis on? Apteeker Slin on kakskiimmend tabletti. See on siin pakendi peal ka kirjas. Ostja Kas sellel rohul on mingeid kérvalmdjusid ka? Apteeker Ei tohiks olla. Aga lugege igaks juhuks labi ka pakendis olev infoleht. Ostja Ahab, aitah. apteeker, apteekri, apteekrit; chemist apteekreid ostja,-,-t,-id buyer rohi, rohu, rohtu, rohtusid medicine, drug retsept, -i, -i,-e prescription kolm korda paevas three times a day parast s66ki after a meal tablett, tableti, tabletti, tablette tablet, pill korraga at once, at a time pakend, -i, -it,-eid package, wrapper onkirjas is written mingi, mingi, mingit, mingeid some kind of korvalmdju, -,-,-sid side-effect ei tohiks olla shouldn't have igaks juhuks just in case labi luge/ma, labi luge/da, to read through loe/n Nabi 1 Ostja soovib a retsepti, b rohtu, ¢ vett. 2 Rohtu tuleb yorta a iiks kord pdevas, b kaks korda pievas, c kolm korda paevas. 3 Robtu tuleb votta a enne sddki, b parast sédki, ¢ koos sddgiga. 4 Rohtu tuleb vétta a tiks tablett korraga, b kaks tabletti korraga, c kolm tabletti korraga. 5 Rohtu tuleb vétta a koos piimaga, b koos veega, c koos teega. 6 Pakis on a kaksteist tabletti; b kaheksateist tabletti, c kakskiimmend tabletti. 7 Aptecker iitleb: a ravimil on kérvalméjud, b lugege lbi pakendis olev infoleht. Gexercise 8 Choose the tight response. Listen to the correct answers. 1 Mida teile? a Palun seda rohtu. b Jah, palun. 2. Kuidas seda rohtu vétma peab? a Siin on kakskiimmend tabletti. b Kolm korda paevas kaks tabletti korraga. 3 Mitu tabletti siin pakendis on? a Siin on kakskiimmend tabletti. b See on siin pakendi peal ka kirjas. 4 Kas sellel rohul mingeid kérvalméjusid ka on? a Arge votke koos veega. b Ei tohiks olla. Language patterns Past tenses When talking about events that took place in the past, we need to use the past tenses. The Estonian language has three past tenses: lihtminevik imperfect, tdisminevik present perfect and enneminevik past perfect. = N a sysbiey Ulgf eu 607 a 5 z B, & o ze & 60 enneminevik past perfect Kui olin arsti juures kainud, laksin apteeki. After I had gone to the doctor I went to the chemist’s, Ma ci olnud kunagi varem selle arsti jaures kainud. JI had never before gone to this doctor. taisminevik present perfect Ma kaisin eile Ma. olen selle arsti arsti juures. juures juba viis I went to the doctor \korda kainud. yesterday. 1 have gone to this doctor five times lihtminevik imperfect Ma ei kainud tina arsti juures, I didn’t go to the doctor today. Ma ei ole kunagi I have never gone to this doctor. In this unit we will have a closer look at how to make and use the forms of the imperfect. The other two past tenses will be studied in future units. Ma kaisin arsti juures / went to the doctor - imperfect Lihtminevik imperfect is used to talk about certain events that happened in the past. Often this tense is used with words and expressions like natuke aega tagasi a while ago, kaks tundi tagasi 2 hours ago, eile yesterday, eelmisel nadalal /ast week, méddunud kuul /ast month, kaks aastat tagasi 2 years ago etc. File ma kdisin arsti juures. I went to the doctor yesterday. Eelmisel nadalal me ostsime We bought a new apartment uue korteri. last week. Méédunud kuul ma pubkasin. Last month 1 was on holiday. Kaks aastat tagasi elasin Two years ago I lived in ma teises linnas kui praegu. a different town from the one I live in now, Now we will study: how to make the forms of imperfect. Most words just take -si (in third person -s), which is placed in front of the personal ending of the present tense and the negative form has the ending -nud. _ You go to the doctor. olevik present lihtminevik imperfect | Ma kain arsti juures, Ma kaisin arsti juures, lL go to the doctor. ! went to the doctor. Sa kaid arsti juures. Sa kdisid arsti juures. You went to the doctor Ta kaib arsti juures. He/she goes to the doctor. Me kaime arsti juures. We go to the doctor. Ta kais arsti juures, He/she went to the doctor. Me kaisime arsti juures. We went to the doctor. | Te kdite arst juures. You go to the doctor. Te kaisite arsti juures. You went to the doctor. = a o syebrey uel eu 60 Nad kaivad arsti juures, They go to the doctor. Nad kaisid arsti juures. They went to the doctor. ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei kai-arsti juures |, you, he/she, we, you, they don’t go to the doctor ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei kainud arsti juures |, you, he/she, we, you, they didn’t go to the doctor Note that the he/she form does not end with -b as ir does in the present tense. Note also. that the forms for you (sing.) and they are exactly the same in the imperfect. Remember that the affirmative forms of the imperfect (i.e. ma yaatasin I looked) are based on the first form (i.e. vaatama to look) and the negative forms (i.e. ma ei vaadanud I didn’t look) on the second form (i.e. vaadata to look). vaata/ma to watch vaada/ta to watch Ma vaatasin seda filmi. | watched this movie. Ma ei vaadanud seda filmi. | didn't watch this movie. Sa vaatasid seda filmi. Sa ei vaadanud seda filmi. You watched this movie. You didn't watch this movie. Ta vaatas seda filmi. Ta ei vaadanud seda filmi. He/she watched this movie. He/she didn’t watch this movie. Me vaatasime seda filmi. We watched this movie. Me ei vaadanud seda filmi. We didn’t watch this: movie. Te vaatasite seda filmi. You watched this movie. Nad vaatasid seda filmi. They watched this movie. Te ei vaadanud seda filmi. You didn’t watch this movie. Nad ei vaadanud seda fil They didn’t watch this movie.80 3 a z 3 = 2 a ©. ze 3 60 Exercise 9 Make the forms of imperfect from the words puhkama, puhata to rest. Irregular he/she form in the imperfect Usually the he/she form has the ending -s in the imperfect bur there is a group of words that also take -i in front of the -s. Such words have letter -t, -d, -s, -l, -r in front of the endling of the first form. sditma to drive he/she drove ta sOitis (not ta sdits) leidma to find he/she found ta \eidis (not ta leic's) seisma fo stand _ he/she stood ta seisis he/she (not ta seiss) laulma to sing he/she sung ta laulis he/she (not ta /auls) naerma tajaugh he/she laughed ta naeris he/she (not ta naers) In same way veetma to spend (time), tootma to produce, lootma to hope, keetma to boil, kandma to carry, to wear, tundma to feel, kauulma to hear etc. also change. Exercise 10 Fill in the missing forms. and/ma allkirja ost/ma jaatist to sign (with signature)| to buy icecream saat/ma kirja to send a letter ma saatsin kirja ma andsin allkirja ma .... . jaatist sa saatsid kirja w« allkirja kirja .» allkirja . kirja_ | me andsime allkirja TA erro kirja | te andsite allkirja .. kirja | nad andsid allkirja ej andnud allkirja nad Ci esceesereesee Kirja Note that the words vouma to take, jatma to leave, nutma éo crys petma to cheat and katma to cover have two t-s in the he/she form, ies ta vottis belshe took ta jattis helshe left ta nuttis belshe cried ta pettis helshe cheated ta kattis helshe covered Exercise 11 Make the forms of imperfect from the word jatma. = kaasa vGtma to take along | jatma to leave ma yotsin passi kaasa passi koju sa votsid passi kaasa passi koju NB! ta vOttis passi kaasa passi koju me yotsime passi kaasa evesvaseans sas passi koju te votsite passi kaasa nad votsid passi kaasa ei votnud passi kaasa Minema to go — imperfect The word minema to go also has irregular forms, As we have already learnt the forms in the present tense are also irregular (ma lahen I go, sa lahed you go etc.) The forms of the imperfect are as follows: ma laksin / went Sa laksid you went ta laks he/she went |_Me laksime we went L te laksite you went nad laksid they went ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei lainud 1, you, he/she, we, you, they didn’t go = a = 3 D a 3 gz a ® & 60182 3 B B a z c ® a 60 Exercise 12 Fill in the blanks with the word minema in the imperfect. 1 Eile ma téble jala. 2 Maei autoga, sest tahtsin jalurada. 3 Ka minu abikaasa ei a pesetseeaseeeevee AlltOga. 4 Taei. ka jala. 5 Ta. . rattaga. 6 Minw naabrid €7 .....cceeeeersceeereeneee eile rddle jala. 7% Mad seageesesnes autoga. 8 Millega te eile tééle ar a? In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 18 in the Let’s practise! section. Ma sain terveks / got better - i-imperfect In the previous grammar section we learnt that the most common way of making the forms of imperfect is to add -si (in third form -s) to the word. Yet there are 15 irregular verbs in Estonian where -i is used instead of the -si. Now we will get acquainted with them in three groups. 1, olema fo be, tulema to come, panema to put, pesema to wash, pidama to have to, tegema to do, nagema fo see, surema fo die The word olema to be has the following forms in the imperfect: present tense imperfect ma olen/ am ma olin | was sa oled you are sa olid you were ta on he/she is ta oli he/she was me oleme we are me olime we were te olete you are te olite you were nad on they are nad olid they were ™ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei ole ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei olnud In the same way as olema to be changes in the imperfect, so do the following words change. tulema, tulla fo come For instance: = Ma-tulin koju. ! came home. Sa tulid koju. You came home. Ta tuli koju. He/she came home. gi tulnud koju didn't come home panema, panna to put For instance: Me tulime koju. We came home. Te tulite koju. You came home. Nad tulid koju. They came home. = fa panin raha kotti. | put money in the bag. Sa panid raha kotti. You put money in the bag, Ta pani raha kotti He/she put money in the bag. pidama, pidada have to, must For instance: ej pannud raha kotti didn’t put money in the bag Me panime raha kotti. We put money in the bag. Te panite raha kotti. You put money in the bag. Nad panid raha kotti. They put money in the bag. Ma pidin puhkama. Thad to rest. Sa pidid puhkama. You had to rest. Ta pidi puhkama. He/she had to rest. tegema, teha to do For instance: ei pidanud puhkama didn’t have to rest Me pidime puhkama. We had to resi, Te pidite puhkama. You had to rest, Nad pidid puhkama. They had to rest. el teinud kooki didn’t make a cake Ma tegin koogi. Me tegime koogi. {made a cake. We made a cake. Sa tegid koogi. Te tegite koogi. You made a cake. You made a cake. Ta 'tegi koogi. Nad tegid koogi. He/she made a cake. They made a cake, = syeGrey wel eur 8 60184 syoBrey uel eur 60 nagema, naha to see For instance: Me nagime sopra. We.saw a friend. Te nagite sépra. You saw a friend. Nad nagid sopra. They saw a friend. Ma nagin s6pra. saw.a friend. Sa nagid sdpra. You saw a friend. Ta nagi sopra. He/she saw a friend. ei nainud s6pra didn't see a friend pesema, pesta to wash For instance: Ma pesin pead. Me pesime pead. } washed (my) head. We washed (our) head, Sa pesid pead. Te pesite pead. You washed (your) head. You washed (your) head. Ta pesi pead. Nad pesid pead. He/she washed (his/her) head. They washed (their) head. ei pesnud pead didn’t wash head Note that the word pidama has several different meanings: Ma pean Sppima. I have to study. Ma pean tédtama. I must work. Ma pean siinnipaeva. I celebrate my birthday. Ma pean koera. I keep a dog. Depending on the meaning, the forms of the imperfect can be different. If the meaning is have to, must (for instance Ma pean tédtama 1 have to work), we use the i-imperfect Ma pidin téétama I bad to work. In all other cases, we use the si- imperfect, for instance, Pidasin siinnipdeva I celebrated my birthday. Pidasin koera I kept a dog. Exercise 13 First answer the questions affirmatively. Then answer the questions negatively. 1 Kas sa olid eile Shtul kodus? Jah, olin kill. Ei olnud. 2 Kas sa tulid tana tédle autoga? sie 3 Kas sa tegid kohvi? 4 Kas sa nadgid meie uut klienti? 5 Kas sa pidid eile palju tédtama? Il, saama to get, j4ama to stay The word saama fo get has the following forms in the imperfect. Note that in the imperfect there is only one a instead of the two that occur in the present tense. present tense imperfect Ma saan palka. Ma sain palka. | get a salary. | got a salary. Sa saad palka. Sa said palka. You get a salary, You got a salary. Ta saab palka, Ta sai palka. He/she gets a salary. He/she got a salary. Me saame palka. Me saime palka. We get a salary. We got a salary. Te saate palka. Te saite palka. You get a salary. You got a salary. Nad saavad paika. Nad said palka. They get a salary. They got a salary. Ma, sa, ta, me, te, Ma, sa, ta, me, te, Nad ei saa palka, Nad ei saanud palka. I, you, he/she, we, you, J, you, he/she, we, you, they don’t get a salary. they didn’t get a salary. Exercise 14 Make the forms of the imperfect of the word jaama fo stay using the word saama to get as an analogy. Til. jooma to drink, tooma to bring, tooma to create, ‘s6ma to eat, |6ma to hit The word jooma to drink has the following forms in the imperfect. Note that in the imperfect there is 6 instead of the two os in the present tense. 185 é = 5 3 60syebrey ulef ew 2 60 present tense Ma joon Glut. / drink beer Sa jood Slut. You drink beer Ta joob dlut. He/she drinks beer. Me joome Glut. We drink beer. Te joote Glut. You drink beer. Nad joovad élut. They drink beer. Ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad ei joo Glut. J, you, he/she, we, you, they don’t drink beer. imperfect Ma jéin dlut. | drank beer. Sa jdid Glut. You drank beer. Ta j6i Glut. He/she drank beer. Me jéime Glut. We drank beer. Te jéite allt. You drank beer Nad jéid 6lut, They drank beer Ma, sa, ta, me, te, fad ei joonud olut. 1, you, he/she, we, you, they didn’t drink beer. In the same way as jooma to drink changes in the imperfect, so do the following words change: tooma, tuua to bring For instance: Ma téin siidia. | brought food. Sa téid siitia. You brought food. Tati sila, He/she brought food. ei toonud siitia alidn't bring food Me time sia. We brought food. Te tOite siitia. You brought food. Nad t6id stilia. They brought food. -_- soma, stiiia to gat For instance: Ma s6in suppi. / ate soup. Sa sdid suppi. You ate soup. Ta sdi suppi. He/she | ate soup. Me sdime suppi, We ate soup, Te sdite suppi. You ate soup. Nad s6id suppi, They ate soup, looma, litiia to create For instance: Ma din kunstiteose. 1 created a piece of art. Sa ldid kunstiteose. You created.a piece of art. Ta Idi kunstiteose. He/she created a piece of art. Me |dime kunstiteose. We created.a piece of art. Te ldite kunstiteose. You created a piece of art. Nad ldid kunstiteose. They created a piece of art. el loonud kunstiteost didn’t create a piece of art ei s66nud suppi didn’t eat soup. 160ma, liiiia to hit For instance: Ma |din palli. / hit the ball, Sa Idid palli. You hit the bail. ‘Ta (Gi palli. He/she hit the bail. | ei I66nud palli didn’t hit the ball Me ldime palli. We hit the ball, Te ldite palli. You hit the ball, Nad |did palli, They hit the ball. Note that if any of these verbs just mentioned occur as part of a compound verb they also have i-imperfect, for instance Ma jain haigeks I fell il]. Ma sain terveks I got better. etc. Exercise 15 Answer the question a affirmatively b negatively. 1 Kas sa sid eile midagi head? 2 Kas sa joid eile veini? 3 Kas sa said eile palka? 4 Kas sa tid eile koju Iilli? Tn order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 19-22 in the Let’s practise! section. @ Where to go for help if you are sick Solutions for minor health problems can be found at the apteek Chemist's. Apteeker the pharmacist is a trained specialist who is also able to advise you on doctor's prescribed medicines, Not all towns have valveapteek chemist on duty which would be open also during the night. Usually the chemist’s have normal working hours from 8.00-18.00. Note that the chemists usually have different counters 3 g z = 2 z 3 a 60_ 88 for selling kasimiligiravimid non-prescription drugs , and Exercise 16 retseptiravimid prescription drugs tor antibiootikumid antibiotics “tl im th , : 189 2 and other drugs prescribed by the doctor. If the doctor gives you q Fill in the missing forms using the sample words for analogy. 5 Bi retsept prescription for a medicine, you need to take the: prescription aa & z to a chemist. first form second form _| adverb (second form + It) 2 & | For more serious ailments, you have to see a doctor. The number for kohutav terrible _|kohutava kohutavalt terribly 3 a the kiirabi ambulance is 112. In Estonia, ambulance services are free aeglane slow aeglase 3 of charge. If your injury is not too severe and you are able to walk you 7 : = a might be asked to go to traumapunkt the trauma department at any pavaline ordinary tavalise bigger haigla hospital, Polikliinik outpatient's department will offer yaikne quiet vaikse the services of different specialist doctors and it is the first place to karb sad kurva ©|_ go toif youneed a doctor’s consultation. Most bigger cities also have =< h a ~ | a sanatoorium sanatorium and sinnitusmaja special hospital for roomus Happy ro6msa ee see 3 giving birth. For dental problems look for hambaravi dental care or adverb (second form + -sti) hambsaist dentist. hirmas terrible |hirmsa hirmsasti horribly Hiigieenitarbed articles of personal hygiene as well as cosmetic aire fast ki products can also be obtained in most kaubanduskeskus = Hie department store and supermarket supermarkets. kéva hard kova halb bad halva Mu pea valutab kohutavalt My head aches hea good hea NB! histi well terribly — adverbs In the sentence Mul on kohutav peavalu I have a terrible Exercise 17 headache the word kohutav terrible is an adjective. Translate into English. In the sentence Mu pea valutab kohutavalt ay head aches 1 Mat on kohutav peavalu. terribly the word kobutavalt terribly is an adverb. 2 Mu pea valutab kohutavalt. It is possible to make an adverb from more. or less every 3 Ta raagib vaga aeglaselr. adjective. In Estonian, we usually add to the second form of the 4 See muusika on vga vaikne. adjective the ending -It. With some words the ending can be -sti. 5 See muusika mangib vaikselt. In the following table you will find examples of how the 6 See on kiire auto. construction is made. 7 See auto sdidab kiiresti. 8 See on hea arst. 9 See arst ravib hasti. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 23-4 in the Let’s practise! section.1 90 3 a z 3 z a z 3 60 Ma tahan terveks saada / want to get well — compound verbs In Unit 2 we learnt that the Estonian language has many compound verbs that consist of two words, for instance aru saama to understand, haigeks jaama to fail ill etc. Such verbs are made of the main word, which changes, and an auxiliary, which does not change. For instance in the verb haigeks jaama, only the word jaima changes i.e. ma jain haigeks I fall ill, ta jaab haigeks he/she falls ill etc. One peculiar thing about compound verbs is that in a sentence the main word and auxiliary do not necessarily stand next to one another, often in fact the auxiliary is placed at the end of the sentence. So, in order to understand a sentence you really need to read all of it! Ta jaab vaga kergesti He falls ill very easily. haigeks, Ta jai méédunud nadalal haigeks. He fell ill last week. The doctor said that I will get well soon. Arst iitles, et ma saan varsti terveks. Ta ei saanud kaua aega He didn’t get well for a terveks. long time. Ma loen retsepti Labi. I read through the prescription. T read through the prescription Ma lugesin retsepti juba twice already. kaks korda labi. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 25 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 18 Change the words in bold into the imperfect. The first one is done for you. Me téétame kella viieni. Me t0dtasime kella viieni. Nad lahevad parklasse. Nad parklasse. Ta vétab oma auto. Ta . Ta sdidab poodi. Ta .. Te ostate palju siitia. Te UBON eS palju siiiia. Ta laheb koju. Ta .. Me puhkame. Me . Sa vaatad telerit. Sa Te loete lehte. Te ... 10 Nad kuulavad muusikat. Nad 11 Me laheme magama. Me . koju. . telerit. - lehte. COI muusikat. magama. Exercise 19 Underline the words that have an i-imperfect. andma, haigeks jéama, jooma, kasutama, kuulama, [abi lugema, minema, mdjuma, ndgema, olema, otsa saama, panema, pesema, soovima, s66ma, tegema, terveks saama, tooma, tulema, vétma, valja tombama, valja vaanama Exercise 20 Underline the sentence which describes an action or event that took place in the past. a Ma kiilmetun. b Ma kiilmetusin. a Minu kurk valutab. b Minu kurk valutas. a Pea ei valutanud. b Pea ei valuta. a Ma jain haigeks. b Ma jaan haigeks. a Ma laksin arsti juurde. b Ma lahen arsti juurde. a Arst kiisis, mida ma kaeban. b Arst kiisib, mida ma kaeban. a Arst vaatab mind labi. b Arst vaatas mind abi. a Arst kirjutas mulle retsepti. b Arst kirjutab mulle retsepti. a Ma lahen apteeki. b Ma laksin apteeki. 0 a Ma ostan rohtu. b Ma ostsin rohtu. 1 a Kodus ma joon sooja teed ja vétan rohtu. b Kodus ma jOin sooja teed ja votsin rohtu. 12 a Ma sain terveks. b Ma saan terveks. mm oOooY AUBWNE Exercise 21 First, answer the questions affirmatively. Then answer the questions negatively. After that answer the questions once more according to how it really is, Kas sa olid eile Shtul kodus? Jah, olin kiill. Ei olnud. Kas sa lugesid eile ajalehte? Kas sa kdisid eile kinos? Kas sa vaatasid eile telerit? PWN = =a 3 ® = 5 z 3. é 3 = a 60oO CJ 3 ® B 3 z & 3 a 60 5S Kas sa naersid eile? 6 Kas sa ostsid eile midagi? 7 Kas sa jéid eile Slut? 8 Kas sa tegid eile midagi huvitavat? 9 Kas sa nagid eile oma spra? 10 Kas sa pesid eile pesu? Exercise 22 Answer the words in brackets, using the right tense. . Tallinnas, aga kiimme 1 Praegu ma (elama) .... aastat tagasi ma (elama) Tartus. 2 Praegu ma (téG6tama) .. . dihes firmas, aga kiimme aastat tagasi ma (Oppima) ........ cee peneeess idlikoolis. 3 Praegu ma (saama) ... kiimme aastat tagasi ei (saama) 4 Praegu ma (olema) .,..,..... aastat tagasi ma ei (olema) 5 Praegu ma (sditma) ... aastat tagasi ma (kaima) 6 Praegu ma ei (mangima) kiimme aastat tagasi ma (mangima) 7 Praegu ma ei (tegelema) ....... kitmme aastat tagasi (tegelema) head palka, aga spordiga, aga Exercise 23 Choose the right word. See film on vaga hea/hasti. Naitlejad mangivad tavaline/tavaliselt. Muusika on vaikne/vaikselt. Naitlejad raagivad kova/kovasti. Filmi algus on kurb/kurvalt, Filmi lépp on té6mus/rd6msalt. DAnaunn Exercise 24 Fill in the blanks according to the example. 1 See on yiga aeglane auto. See auto sdidab vaga aeglaselt. 2 See muusika on liiga vaikne. See muusika mangib liga 3 Ta on tana vaga rOOmus. Ta maerab ....s.ssererseeersreeree 4 See on nii hirmus film. Ma kardan 5 See on vaga kiire rong. See rong sdidab vaga .. 6 See dpetaja on hea. See Spetaja Spetab ...... Exercise 25 Underline the compound verbs (i.e, the verbs that consist of two words) then translate the sentences. See hammas tuleb kahjuks valia tommata. Ma kukkusin eile ja vaanasin jala valja. Lugege labi ka pakis oley infoleht. Minu mees jai eile haigeks. Kolme nadala parast votame kipsi dra. Me proovisime ka sooja teed juua, aga tee sai otsa, See koht paraneb ara umbes kolme pieva parast. NOAM whe Let’s communicate! Dexercise 26 You. are not feeling well and you call the hospital to ger an appointment with a doctor. Fill in the missing lines, Listen to the completed dialogue. Arst Tere! Doktor Kivi kuuleb. Sina Say I need to get to the doctor quickly. Arst Mis kaebused teil siis on? Sina Say I have a terrible cough. Arst Kui kdege palavik teil on? Sina Say Yesterday evening it was 38.5. Arst Kas teile tana kell iiks sobiks? Sina Say It’s OK. G Exercise 27 You are talking to the doctor. Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Arst Tere! Mida te siis kaebate? Sina Say My head aches terribly. Arst Kas te valuvaigistit juba vétsite? Sina Say Yes, but it didn’t help. Arst Mitu tablerti te vorsite? 2 oe a a 5 a 5 3 a 60© a 3 3 S 5 2 2 s o = 3 60 Sina Arst Sina Arst Say | took two tablets in the morning. Votke seda robru veel kolm korda paevas peale sddki iiks tablet korraga. Ask whether you have to come back again. Ei, kui kdik on korras, siis pole vaja tulla. oO Exercise 28 You are at the chemist’s. Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Say Hello! Apteeker ‘Tere! Sina Say I probably have flu. Apteeker Kas teil kurk ka valutab? Sina Say Yes, it does ache. Apteeker Jooge sooja teed. Ja votke seda rohtu. Sina Ask How do I have to take this medicine? Apteeker Te peate'seda y6tma hommikul ja Sbtul. Sina Ask if this medicine has-any side-effects. Apteeker Ei tohiks olla. Gexercise 29 You are calling your friend to say you have fallen ill. Fill in the missing lines then listen to the correct answers. AudpwNe Say you have fallen ill. Say you have a terrible headache. Say you have a sore throat. Say you have a fever of 37.5 degrees. Say you drank some warm tea but it didn’t help. Say you probably have flu. qoeu efjen &} SUIyjIW él] YOO] BYS SBOP yeEyM a G In this unit you will learn + how to describe people’s appearance and character + how to name items of clothing196 z 5 z s ‘ i BS 2 ® ia g Oistening 1 You will listen to two dialogues where people describe other people. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercise 1 below. Anu = Tead, mul on uus tilemus. Lea Milline ta siis on? Anu Pikka kasvu lokkis juustega kena mees. Lea Aga iseloom? Anu No'seda ei tea ju veel nii ruttu. Aga tundub, et ta on hasti tark ja tésine inimene. Lea Mmm. Ta vist meeldib sulle. Anu — Ah, mine niiiid! Lintsalt mul on hea meel, et selline asjalik alluv, -a, -at-aid employee &ra tund/ma, ara tund/a, to recognize tunne/n ara tumeda peaga with dark hair (lit. with dark head) keskeali/ne, -se, -st,-si middle aged sale, -da, -dat, -daid slim, slender kasv, -u,-u height mitte eriti not quite helista/ma, -da,-n to call mobiil, -i,-i,~e | mobile phone oota/ma, ooda/ta, oota/n —_to wait fuajee, -,-d,-sid (hotel) lobby inimene meile tédle tuli. b Ulemus —_Palun minge siis meie kiilalisele hotelli jarele. Alluv Kuidas ma ta ara tunnen? Glemus Ta on tumeda peaga keskealine sale naine. Alluv Kas ta on pikka kasvu? Glemus Mitte eriti. Ma helistan talle vee! mobiilile, et ta ootaks teid fuajees. iilemus, -e, -t,-i employer, boss pikka kasvu of tall height juuksed, juste, juukseid fair lokkis juustega —_ with curly hair kena, -,-, -sid nice, handsome iseloom, -u, -u character, nature tundu/ma, -da, -b tark, targa, tarka, tarku hasti tark tisi/ne, -se, st, -seid inime/ne, -se, -st, -si Ah, mine niiiid! lihtsalt mul on hea meel selli/ne, -se, -st, -seid asjalik, -u, -ku, -ke kiilali/ne, -se, -st, -si minge meie kilalisele hotelli jarele to seem smart, clever very smart, clever serious person, man, human being Oh, please! just lam glad this kind sensible. visitor go and fetch our visitor from the hotel _ © Ni FA : z £ 3 g Exercise 1 Listen to the dialogue and select the correct answer. For some questions several answers are correct. a 1 Milline on Anu uus iilemus? a Ta on lihikest kasvu, b Ta on lokkis juustega. ¢ Taei ole kena inimene. 2 Milline on Anu iilemuse iseloom? a Anu éi tea veel, milline iseloom tal on. b Anu arvab, et ta on tark, ¢ Anu arvab, et ta on tOsine. 3 Kas Anule meeldib wus tilemus? a Anu arvab, et ta on asjalik. b Anul on hea meel, et see inimene neile tééle tuli. c Anule ei meeldi uus iilemus. b 1. Mida iilemus iitleb? a Palun tulge siia! b Palun minge meie kiilalisele jarele. ¢ Palun helistage mulle mobiilile. 2 Kus on kiilaline? a Kilaline on lennojaamas, b Kilaline on hotellis. ¢ Kilaline on raudteejaamas.98 3 7 Ss 3 ¢ i & 3 FA : o g OL 3 Kuidas kiilalise ara tunneb? a Ta on tumeda peaga. b Ta on umbes kakskiimmend aastat vana. ¢ Taon pikka kasvu. BiListening 2 You will hear three dialogues. In the first two, people discuss what clothes are suitable to wear on different occasions, In the third, you will hear people exchanging compliments on clothing. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercises 2-3, a Piret Linda Piret Linda Piret b Koit Tiia Koit Tiia Koit c Anne Mirjam Anne Mirjam Anne Mirjam Anne Tule minuga laupaeval seenele! Olgu. Mis sa matlesid seiga panna? Ma panen jope ja jalga panen dressipiiksid, villased sokid ja kummikud. Ei tea, mis ilm laupdeval on? Kas peab miltsi ka pahe panema ja kindad katte? Mina ei pane, aga votan nad igaks juhuks kaasa. Lahme pihapdeval ooperisse! Mul pole midagi selga panna. . Sa pane pikk pruun seelik ja korge kontsaga kingad. Vaga ilus! Kas sina paned siis ka lipsu kaela? Véin panna kill. Véta mantel dra ja pane siia kappi. Oota, kohe. Ja naed, sussid on siin. Jah, aitah. Kohe panen jalga. Nii, olen valmis. Oj, kui kena sa valja néed! See pluus sobib sulle nii hasti. Aitah. Peeter kinkis selle mulle. Aga sul on ka nii kaunis kleit seljas. Ah, mis sa nid! Ma ise Gmblesin selle. seen, -e, -t, -i tule seenele méotle/ma, métel/da, métle/n selga pane/ma, selga pann/a, pane/n selga jope, -, -t, -sid jalga pane/ma, jalga pann/a, Pane/n jalga dressipiiksid villa/ne, -se, -st, ~seid sokk, soki, sokki, sokke kummik, -u, -ut, -uid ilm, -a, -a miits, -i, -i, -e pahe pane/ma, pahe pann/a, pane/n pahe kindad, kinnaste, kindaid katte pane/ma, katte pann/a, pane/n katte kaasa vo/ma, kaasa vott/a, vota/n kaasa mul pole = mul ei ole seelik, -u, -ut, -uid krge, -, -t, -id konts, -a, -a, -i kingad, kingade, kingi lips, -u, -u, -e kaela pane/ma, kaela pann/a, pane/n kaela @ra vét/ma, ara vitt/a, vota/n ara mantel, mantli, mantlit, mantleid kapp, kapi, kappi, kappe sussid, susside, susse valmis ole/ma, valmis oll/a, ole/n valmis valja nage/ma, valja nah/a, nae/n valja Kui kena sa valja naed! pluus, -i. -i, -e sobi/ma, -da, -n kinki/ma, kinki/da, kingi/n ‘kaunis, kauni, kaunist, kauneid Seljas.ole/ma, seljas oll/a, ‘on seljas Omble/ma, 6mmel/da, Smble/n Ah, mis sa niitid! mushroom come to pick mushrooms to think to wear, to put on Jacket to wear, to put on (used for footwear and trousers) trousers (of sports outfit) woollen sock rubber boot weather hat to wear, to put on (used for hats) gloves to wear, to put on (used for gloves) to take along i don't have skirt high. heel shoes tie to wear, to put on (used for ties and scarves) to take off overcoat, coat wardrobe, claset slippers to be ready to look How nice you look! blouse to suit to give (as a present) beautiful to wear, to have on (used for shirts, blouses, etc.) to sew Don't flatter me! éqegu effen &} our 8 Ol200 3 3 e & a 2 g Exercise 2 a Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer. For some questions, several answers are correct. 1 Pirettahab laupaeval minna a kontserdile, b seenele, c turule, 2 Piret paneb jalga a dressipiiksid, b villased sokid, c kummikud. —_ , . 3 Linda tahab panna a jope selga, b miitsi pahe, ¢ kindad katte, 4 Piret vétab igaks juhuks kaasa a miitsi, b kindad, ¢ koti. Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 1 Koit tahab pithapieval Tiiaga ooperisse minna. 2 Tiia arvab, et tal pole midagi selga panna. 3 Koit arvab, et lithike kollane seelik ja korge kontsaga kingad on vaga ilusad. 4 Tiia arvab, et Koit véiks punase lipsu kaela panna, c Listen to the dialogue and tick the words you hear in this dialogue. mantel sussid kummikud = LI plus kaunis kleit = LL pikk pruun seelik dressipiiksid villased sokid lips korge kontsaga kingad = |! Exercise 3 Choose the correct translation. 1 Mis sul seljas on? a What are you wearing? b What are you going to put on? . 2. Mis sa jalga paned? a What footwear are you wearing? b Whar foorwear are you going to put on? 3 Pane kindad katte! a Put the gloves on! b Take the gloves off! GListening 3 Urmas has a new girlfriend. He is describing her to his mother. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises 4-5. Urmas Kuule, kas ma véiksin the tidruku pihapdeval meile |Gunale kutsuda? Urmase ema i, kas sul on wus pruut? Urmas Nojah, vGib vist kill niimoodi 6elda. Urmase ema Oi, kui tore! Mis ta nimi on? Kus te siis kokku saite? Urmas Ma kohtusin temaga tegelikult juba eelmisel aastal, me olime koos fihel seminaril. Ja nitid tédtab ta minuga samas majas. Nimi on Maarika. Urmasema__ Kellena ta siis tédtab? Urmas Ta téétab sekretdrina ja Gpib samal ajal veel « Ulikoolis. Urmase ema __ Siis ta on ju vaga tubli inimene! Mida ta 6pib? Urmas: Ja tahab saada psihholoogiks. Urmase ema See kGlab kiill huvitavalt! Urmas Jah, aga see on natuke ohtlik ka - ta naiteks saab kohe aru, kui ma valetan. Urmase ema Aga sa ara siis valeta! Kas sa tead ka, kes ta vanemad on? Urmas Nendega ma pole veel kohtunud, aga tundub, et ta on parit sportlikust perest. Ta kaib naiteks |Guna ajal rulluiskudega sditmas. Urmase ema__Milline ta sils ka valja naeb? Urmas Mulle meeldib see, et ta riietub maitsekalt. Aga see on muidugi naljakas, et ta varvib kogu aeg oma juukseid —heledaks, tumedaks, punaseks, mustaks. Urmase ema’ Oh jah. Mis varvi ta siis praegu on? Urmas Ma tegelikuit ei tea. Puhapaeval naeme. Kas ma véiksin? could |? kutsu/ma, -da,-n to invite pruut, pruudi, pruuti, pruute —_gir/friend, fiancée } niimoodi —_ this way kokku saa/ma, kokku saa/da, to meet i saa/n kokku kohtu/ma, -da,-n to meet sama, -,-,-sid the same samal ajal at the same time veel also tilikool, -i,-i,-e university 8 a _ a 8 < = s a 3 8 OlNv 20: 3 z S & & 3 > g psihholoog, -i, -i, -¢ ta tahab saada psiihholoogiks k6la/ma, -da, -b ohtilik, -u, -ku, -ke valeta/ma, -da, -n on parit sportlik, -u, -ku, -ke rulluisud kaib rulluiskudega sditmas riietu/ma, -da, -1 maitsekalt naljakas, najaka, naljakat, naljakaid varvi/ma, -da, -n psychologist She/he wants to become a psychologist to sound dangerous to fie is from athletic rollerskates goes to roller skate to dress tastefully, with taste funny to colour, to dye Exercise 4 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 1 Urmas tahab pithapdeval tthe tiidruku lounale kutsuda. 2 Ta kobtus selle tiidrukuga juba kaks aastat tagasi. 3 Ta oli koos selle ridrukuga ithe! seminaril. 4 Tidruk tédtab Urmasega samas majas. § Tidruku nimi on Maarika. 6 Maarika téétab psiihholoogina. 7 Maarika dpib iilikoolis. 8 Maarika tahab saada sekretariks. 9 Maarika saab kohe aru, kui Urmas valetab. 10 Maarika vanemad on ka psiihholoogid. 11 Maarika kaib louna ajal rulluiskudega sditmas. 12 Maarika riietub maitsekalt. 13 Maarikal on mustad juuksed. Exercise 5 Find the correct translation. 1 Kus te kokku saite? a Where did you meet? b How did you meet? 2 Kellena ta tédtab? a What's his/her profession? b With whom does he/she work? 3 Kui vana ta on? a How old is he/she? b Who are his/her parents? 4 Mida ta dpib? a What does he/she study? b Does he/she study? 5 Kes ta vanemad on? a How old is he/she? b Who are his/her parents? 6 Milline ta valja naéeb? a Does he/she look good? b What does he/she look like? 7 Mis varvi juuksed tal on? a What colour is his/her hair? b Doe she/she colour his/her hair? Language patterns Kuidas ta valja naeb? What does she look like? Kasv Height When talking about how tall someone is, we can use the following constructions. Note that all phases in bold are in third form: Ta on pikka kasvu. He/she is (of) tall (height). Ta on keskmist kasvu. He/she is of medium height. Ta.on lihikest kasvu. Helshe is (of) short (height). If we want to compare two people we can say: Ta on pikem kui mina or Ta on minust pikem. He/she is taller than.me. Ta on palju pikem kui mina or Ta on minust palju pikem. Helshe is much taller than me. Ta on natuke pikem kui mina or Ta on natuke minust pikem. Helshe is a little taller than me. Ta on liihem kui mina or Ta on minust lithem. He/she is shorter than me. Ta on palju lithem kui mina or Ta on minust palju lithem. He/she is much shorter than me. Ta on sama pikk kui mina or Me oleme tihepikkused. Helshe is as tall as I am or We are of the same height. Vanus Age Ta on noor. He/she is young. Ta on vana. He/she is old, Ta on teismeline. Hefshe is a teenager. Ta on keskealine. He/she is middle aged. Ta on eakas. He/she is elderly. Ta on vanem kui ... Ta on noorem kui ... Nad on iihevanused. He/she is older than ... He/she is younger than ... They are of the same age. 203 3 5 gS = 2 3 g Ol204 3 3 g & & = 5 5 g More expressions to describe appearance Ta on sale. He/she is slim, Ta on kéhn. Helshe is bony. Ta on tiise. He/she is corpulent (full figured). Ta on paks. Helshe is fat, Helshe is on the corpulent side. Ta on tiisedavoitu, Expressions to describe the colour of one’s hair Tal on heledad juuksed. He/she has light hair. Ta on heleda peaga. He/she has light hair. (lit. he/she is with light head) Ta on blond. Helshe-is blond/blonde. Tal on taumedad juuksed. He/she has dark bair. Ta on tumeda peaga. Helshe has dark hair. (lit. he/she is with dark head) ‘Ta on briinett. He/she is brunetie. For hair you can also say: Tal on pruunid juuksed. Helshe has brown hair. Tal on punased juuksed. Helshe has red hair. Tal on hallid juuksed. He/she has grey hair. Tal on lokkis junksed. Tal on sirged juuksed. Tal on pikad juuksed, Tal on lithikesed juuksed. Helshe bas curly hair. He/she has straight hair. Helshe has long hair. He/she has short hair. Tal on hobusesaba. He/she has a ponytail. Ta on kiilaspea. Helshe is bald. (Lit. he/she is baldheaded) You may also need to say: Tal on habe. Tal on vuntsid. Ta naeb vaga hea valja He has a beard, He has a moustache. He/she looks very good. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 8-9 in the Let’s practise! section. Mis tal seljas on? What is she wearing? Talking about clothes’ in Estonian asks for special attention as there ace certain constructions that have to be used depending on whether you: » put something on « have something on » or take something off. In fact, you have to say specifically where exactly you put, have or take off the item of clothing, for instance saying I put the bat on Ma panen miitsi pahe means, literally, I put the bat on my ead. arlid pearls pluus blouse pintsal kostuam Sackei Woman's Two- piece suit seelik skirt Mul on miits peas means I have the hat on my head (i.e. I'm wearing a bat) and Ma vétan miitsi peast means | take the hat off my head (i.e. 1 take the hat off), In fact, there are several parallel constructions having the same meaning for taking an item of clothing off. Ma votan miitsi peast. Ma votan miitsi peast ara. I take the bat off. Ma yvotan miitsi ara. 8 a 2 2 8 & & a 2 g Ol2 106 2 3 e S » 3 z § Ol In Estonian, the following body parts are used to specify where the items of clothing are worn: pea head, kérv ear, kael neck, selg back, sérm finger, jalg leg, foot. In the following table, the most common constructions can be found. Note that in the construction Mul on ... seljas I have .., on the item of clothing is always in the first form and in the constructions Ma panen ... selga I put .,. on and Ma yotan ... seljast ara J take ... off the items of clothing are in second form in the singular and in first form in the plural. mul on ... peas ma panen ... pahe fhave... on (lit. / 1 put .....0n (lit. have... on the head) put... on the:head) miits hat miltsi ma votan ... peast (ara) Take ... off (lit. 1 take ... off the head) mitsi mul on ... kaes. ma panen ... katte } have... on-(lit. t J put... on (lit. have ... on the hand) put... on the hand) kindad gloves kindad ma votan ... kdest (ara) Lake ... off (it. | take ... off the hand) kindad mul on ,.. kaelas ma panen ... kaela | have... on (lit, put... on (lit ] have ... on theneck) put ... on the neck) ma votan ... kaelast (ara) I take ... off (lit. take ... off the neck) mul on ... seljas ma panen...selga_ ma votan... seljast Thave ... on (lit. # Hput.....0n (itd (Gra) have ....on the back) put...on the back) | take ... off (lit.! take ... off the back) kleit dress Kleidi kieidi pluus blouse pluusi pluusi srk shirt sargi sargi NB! seelik skirt seeliku seeliku mantel long overcoat mantli mantli jope jacket jope jope tilikond suit (for men) Glikonna dlikonna pintsak jacket pintsaku pintsaku vest waistcoat vesti vesti kampsun pullover, kampsuni kampsuni sweater pesu underwear pesu pesu kostildim women's __kosttitimi kostiiimi two-piece suit dress sweaisuit, dressi dressi sports uniform mul on ... jalas Ma panen...jalga Ma votan .., jalast have... on (lit. 4 Tput.....on (lit. 1 (ara) have .,. onthe leg) put... on the leg) take ... off (lit. take ... off the leg) piiksid trousers piksid pilksid teksased jeans teksased teksased kingad shoes kingad kingad saapad boots saapad saapad tossud sport shoes, tossud tossud trainers sussid slippers sussid sussid sokid socks sokid sokid sukkpiiksid tights sukkpiksid sukkpiiksid | sall scar? salli salli parlid pearls parlid parlid lips tie lipsu lipsu mul on... ees mapanen...ette mavétan.., eest Thave ... on (lit. / Tput.... on (litt (ara) have.,.. on front) put....on the front) {take ... off (lit. | = take ... off the front) lips tie lipsu lipsu prillid eyeglasses prillid prillid mul on k6rvas ma panen kérva ma vétan kérvast have... on (lit. / I put......0n (lit. 1 4 have ... on the ear) — put... on the ear) ass Off (lit. / . take ... off the ear) kérvaréngad earrings kérvaréngad k6rvar6éngad mul on sérmes ma panen sorme ma votan sérmest J have... on (lit. 1 / put... on (lit./ (ara) have ... on the finger) put...on the finger) | take .... off (lit. take . / «+. Off the finger) ‘sOrmus fing sérmuse sérmuse 8 éGeeu eljen ey sug OL208 eqegu elien e} our —_— So Exercise 6 Group the words according to the parts of body on which you wear them. tossud, kindad, kingad, kleit, kiibar, lips, mantel, miits, pluus, saapad, sall, seelik, sussid, s6rmus, iilikond mul on sormes mulon mul on kaelas kaes mulon mulon mul on seljas —_jalas peas 4adee eeHEE 0 NaERe HeeEe feees peeee | Ha Hea weyee wees dhe He Ee Exercise 7 Choose the correct form. 1 Mul on sall kaela/kaelas/kaelast. 2 Ma panen salli kaela/kaelas/kaelast. 3 Ma vétan salli kaela/kaelas/kaelast. 4 Ma votan pluusi selga/seljas/seljast. 5 Ma panen sargi selga/seljas/seljast. 6 Mul on srk selga/seljas/seljast. 7 Ma panen teksased jalga/jalas/jalast. 8 Mul on teksased jalga/jalas/jalast. 9 Ma votan teksased jalga/jalas/jalast. 10 Mul on mitts palte/peas/peast. 11 Ma votan miitsi pahe/peas/peast. 12 Ma panen kiibara pahe/peas/peast. 13 Mul on kiibar pahe/peas/peast. In order ro practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 12 and 13 in the Let’s Practise! section. ®A little more about clothing As the Estonian climate is quite cold during the winter months (December-February) you’ will need proper talveriided winter clothing like talvejope winter jacket, talvemantel winter coat or even kasukas fur coat to be comfortable. If you don’t want to have freezing hands and ears also equip yourself with kapikud mittens or sérmikud fingered gloves and a good talvemiits winter hat. Another important item you need to wear on your clothes during the cold and dark seasons js helkur reflector, which are sold in all kiosks and shops. Helkur should be hung on a piece of string so that it flies about freely at the height of your knees and indicates your presence to vehicle drivers. Kevad-sigisriided clothes for the spring and autumn seasons can be lighter and for the summer suveriided summer clothes like Idhikesed piiksid shorts and sandaalid sandals are adequate. Estonian dress code is quite casual, except on some occasions. People do dress up for the theatre and opera and enjoy nice outfits ‘on birthdays, graduation and other similar sorts of parties. If you are invited to an Estonian house bear in mind that you are expected to take off your shoes — often you will be offered sussid stippers to wear instead. When shaking hands you are expected to take off gloves if you happen to wear them. Men should take off their hat when entering a room and it is considered rude to wear a hat while eating, especially by the older generation. Milline on tema iseloom? What's his personality like? The following list presents some useful words one can use for describing a person’s character or personality: tark, targa, tarka, tarku smart huvitav, -a, -at,-aid interesting todkas, tdka, todkat, t66kaid hard-working sdbralik, -u, -ku, -ke friendly lobus, -a, -at, -aid merry, cheery seltskondlik, -u, -ku, -ke social julge, -, -t, -id brave roomus, rddmsa, rodmsat, Td6msaid joyful andekas, andeka, andekat, andekaid talented, gifted Onnelik, -u, -ku, -ke happy tahulik, -u, -ku, -ke peaceful, calm lahke, -, -t, -id kind Miisakas, viisaka, viisakat, viisakaid polite meeldiv, -a, -at, -aid pleasant aus,.-a, -at, -aid honest tavali/ne, -se, -st, -si ordinary rumal, ~a, -at, -aid stupid igay, -a, -at, -aid boring laisk, laisa, laiska, laisku lazy ebasdbralik, -u, -ku, -ke unfriendly tosi/ne, -se, -st, -seid serious tagasihoidlik, -u, -ku, -ke shy arg, ara, arga, argasid shy, fearful kurb, kurva, kurba, kurbi sad’ andetu, -, -t, -id untalented Onnetu, -, -t, -id unhappy rahutu, -, -t, -id restless kade, -da, -dat, -daid envious eba/viisakas, -viisaka, -viisakat, -viisakaid rude ebameeldiy, -, -at, -aid unpleasant ebaaus, -a, -at, -aid dishonest ebatayali/ne, -se, -st, -seid unique, special 8 ® é a e 5 a D 3 & o & 3 OL210 2 z @ e & = é Ol Opposites can sometimes be made either by: adding the particle eba- in front of the word, for instance viisakas polite ebaviisakas impolite or adding the particle -tu to the end of the word, for instance andekas talented, gifted andetu untalented. Note that these particles are not used with all words. Ta varvis juuksed punaseks She coloured her hair red - translative case If we want to express some kind of change or development, we can do it by adding the ending -ks to the word, for instance Ta varvis juuksed punaseks She coloured her hair red; Ta tahab saada psithholoogiks She wants to become a psychologist. More examples: Ta varvis maja kollaseks. He/she painted the house yellow. Ta muutus kurvaks, Helshe turned sad. Ta muutus rd6msaks. Helshe turned bappy. Ta tegi oma kleidi iimber She turned ber dress into kostitiimiks. a suit. Im laks kiilmaks. The weather turned cold. Im liks soojaks. The weather turned warm. Ta tahab saada lauljaks. He/she wants to become a singer. Ta opib lauljaks. He/she is studying to become a singer. He/she wants to become a better person. Ta tahab saada paremaks inimeseks. Ta kaib rulluiskudega sditmas He goes roller skating ~mas-form We have already learnt that with verbs indicating movement (like minema to go, jooksma to run etc.) we use the ma- infinitive, for instance Ma lahen jalutama I go for a walk (lit. J go to walk). Ma jooksen niiiid éppima I run now to do some studying (lit. [ ran now to study). Ma sdidan ujuma I drive to have a swim (lit, I drive to swim). With the word kdima to go a special mas-construction is used} for instance Ma kain iga pdev ujumas J go sivimming (for a swim) every day, This construction is very easy to make as you just add -s to the ma-infinitive: ujuma to swim +s = ujumas jalutama to walk + s = jalutamas rulluiskudega sditma to roller skate (lit to drive with rollerskates) + s = culluiskudega sditmas Usually the sentences with kain + mas-construction are used to indicate some action that takes place regularly, for instance Esmaspéeviti ja kolmapdeviti kain ma rulluiskudega sditmas. On Mondays and Wednesdays I go roller skating. Nadalavahetusel kain ma kala piiiidmas. During the weekends | go fishing. Monikord kain 66klubis tantsimas. Sometimes I go dancing in the nightclub, In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 10-11 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 8 Find the right match. 1 Ma olen 1.80 pikk. Minu séber on 2 meetrit pikk. a Me oleme tihepikkused. b Minu sober on palju pikem kui mina. ¢ Mina olen natuke lithem kui minu séber. 2 = Minu ema on 1.50 pikk. a Ta on lithikest kasvn. b Ta on keskmist kasyu. ¢ Taon pikka kasvu. Koit on 165 cm pikk. Kristjan on 175 cm pikk. a Koit on Kristjanist pikem. b Kristjan on Koidast pikem. c Kristjan on sama pikk kui Koit. we 4 Birgit on 18 aastat vana. Luisa on 28 aastat vana. a Birgit ja Luisa on tihevanused. b Birgit on vanem kui Luisa. ¢ Luisa on vanem kui Birgit. nN = = : a a i 5 2 & 8 OlExercise 9 Let’s communicaie! Translate the following sentences into Estonian. 1 She is slim, ...... 2. She has curly hair. 3 She is middle aged. 4 He isa teenage § She is bony. ... 6 She has dark hair. 7 She has grey hair. 8 She has short hair. 9 He has a beard and moustache. 10 She looks very good. .,......0 Exercise 12 Make little drawings of these people. Try describing the pictures without looking at the text. 1 Tal on seljas lithike seelik ja jalas kérge kontsaga kingad. Tal on parlid kaelas ja valged kindad kaes. 2 Tal on seljas valge T-sark ja jalas dressipiiksid ning tossud. Tal on peas must miits. 3 Tal on seljas must iilikond ja mustad kingad. Tal on kaelas ilus lips. 4 Tal on seljas pikk must kleit ja valge vest. Tal on kérvaréngad kieves it sormes ilus sormus, : § Tal om seljas jope ja jalas teksased ja saapad. Tal on kaelas Exercise 10 pikk sall. Tal on prillid ees. , P 212 213 gs 3 & s = DB s z Be z S & 8 & Choose the right form. 1 Ta kaib Iéuna ajal rulluiskudega sditma/rulluiskudega D Exercise 13 soitmas. 2 Ta laheb tana jalle rulluiskudega sditma/rulluiskudega a sditmas. —— es Ir is morning. You are going jogging. Make sentences using the 3. Ma lahen homme juukseid varvima/juukseid varvimas. following words. Listen to the correct answers. 4 Ma kain iga kuu juukseid varvima/juukseid varvimas. dressipiiksi sp eae 5 Me kaime nadalavahetusel tantsima/tantsimas. _ ; aaa viksid we Lvpebesran anime jalga. 6 Homme me kahjuks ei saa tantsima/tantsimas minna. 3 Tsark Siis ma panen... 7 Ma kain eesti keelt oppima/eesti keelt Gppimas. 4 jope Sily maa panier 8 Tule ka eesti keelt Sppima/eesti keelt Gppimas! 5 sall Siis ma panen 6 miits Siis ma panen Exercise 11 7 kindad Siis ma panen... Fill in the blanks with a correct form from the word given in b brackets. You come back from jogging and want to take a shower. You 1 Lahme (sdoma)..... 1 will have to take all your clothes off. Construct sentences using 2. Aitah, aga ma juba kdisin (s66ma) the same words as in part a. Listen to the correct answers. 3 Tule minuga (ujuma) os. 1 kindad Ma votan kindad kéest dra. 4 Oi, maei kai kunagi nii vara (ujuma) 2 miits Stis ma ‘valtani <« vesi on veel kiilm. aig5 3 sall Siis ma votan 5 Kus sa koeraga (jalutama) ,.......ssssssrseresernerereress kaid? 4 jope Siis ma votan 6 Tavaliselt kain kodu juures pargis, aga tana laheme metsa 5 Tsairk Siis ma vétan . (jalutama) ......+++++7- | , 6 sokid Sits ma v6tan 7 Ma kain tibti s6bra juures (juttu ajama) 7 dressipiiksid — Siis ma votan 8 Homme lahen vist jaille tema juurde (juttu ajama) .......----214 2 a 5 5 e ; : z exercise 14 Your friend invites you on a canoe trip. Fill in the missing lines then listen to the completed dialogue. Sdber Tule nadalavahetusel kanunga sditma! Sina Say OK. Say But I have nothing to wear. Sdber Sa pane teksased ja kampsun. Sima Ask whether you should put on a hat and wear gloves too. Sdber Mina ei pane. Sina Say I will take them with me just in case. GQexercise 15 You are going to a pightclub with a friend and you're discussing what to wear. Fill in the missing lines then listen to the completed dialogue. Sdber Mis sa motlesid selga panna? Sina Say I will put on a black skirt and wear high-heeled shoes. Sdber Mina panen ka seeliku ja kollase pluusi. Sina Say This blouse suits you very well. Séber Aitah. Ema kinkis selle mulle. Sina Ask Will you also put on earrings and pearls? Sdber Véin panna kiill. Q Exercise 16 You have invited an Estonian to your place. Fill in the missing lines then listen to the completed dialogue. Kiilaline Tere! Sina Say Please take your coat off and put it in the cupboard, Kiilaline. Oota, kohe! Sina Say Ob, how nice you look! Kiilaline Ah, mis sa nitid! Sina Say Please put these slippers on. Kiilaline Jah, aivah, Kohe panen jalga. ar Gexercise 17 Your sister wants to know about your new boyfriend. Fill in the fines then listen to the completed text. Say He is a handsome young man. a pb Say He is of medium height, taller than you. ¢ Say He has dark straight hair. d Say He has a moustache. ¢ Say He dresses with taste. f Say He looks very good but he is shy. g Say It seems that he is very clever, fh Say He wants to become a doctor, Dexercise 18 You are a young lady who is describing herself for a lonely hearts chatroom on the internet, Fill in the lines then listen to the completed text. a Say you are 20 years old. b Say you have straight red hair. Say you have a ponytail. Say you are tall, but not too tall, Say you are friendly and joyful. Say you want to become a singer. Say that during the weekend you go dancing in the nightclub. mma an 215 3a F ge i & : & & OlIS WoO! ejqnop JO 3j6u ZeQqN}SSSWIUISYey é IOA -oun sey In this unit you will learn + how'to ask questions about your hotel « how to book an appointment at the hairdresser’s and a slot at the bowling alley + how to report problems with a broken phone © Listening 1 You will hear a visitor talking to the hotel administrator about having a double room until Friday. He is asking several questions. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises. 1-2. Kulastaja Administraator Killastaja Administraator Kiilastaja Administraator Kiilastaja Administraator Kiilastaja Administraator Kilastaja Administraator Killastaja Administraator Kilastaja Administraator Kilastaja Administraator Kilastaja Administraator Kiilastaja Administraator Kilastaja Administraator Kiilastaja Administraator Kilastaja Tere. Ma broneerisin kaks nadalat tagasi teie juures tihe toa. Kas Uhe- vdi kaheinimesetoa? Uheinimesetoa. Kohe vaatame. Kuidas teie nimi on? Palun. Minu pass on siin. Jah, see broneering on teil tditsa olemas. Kui kauaks te kavatsete jaada? Kas reedeni saab olla? Saab kiill. Mis kell ma pean reedel toa vabastama? Toa peab vabastama kella kaheteistklimneks. Kui vaja, vdite oma kohvri sia minu juurde tuua. Ahah, Vaga tore, Kas tohib veel midagi kiisida? Aga palun. Kas siin hotellis on internetilihendus ka? Jah, kéikides tubades on pistikud ja baaris on traadita Internet ka. Nil et ma véin oma sillearvuti vorku tihendada? Kui palju see maksab? interneti kasutamine on toa hinna sees, Nii et see ei maksa midagi. See on kill tore. Oelge veel palun, kus siin suitsetada tohib? Meie hotellis tohib suitsetada ainult baaris, Kas seal saab midagi stitia ka? Midagi neil on, aga kui soovite suuremat s6dki, siis vGite ju alati linna peale minna. Kus raha vahetada saab? Siin lahedal on pank, seal saate vahetada paris hea kursiga. Vaga tore. Teie toas on ka minibaar ja telefon. Kui neid kasutate, siis nende eest peab eraldi juurde maksma. Selge see. Siin on teie toa véti. Kui mingeid probleeme vdi kiisimusi on, siis p6drduge minu poole. Aitah. Teeme nii. N xy JOA -eyn sey x z 3 2 5 8 & 5 2 LL= @ JOA -0yn $8 geqnjesouyujeyey MQ Lb killastaja, -, -t, -id broneeri/ma, -da, -n Gheinimese/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tubasid kaheinimese/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tubasid broneering, -u, -ut, -uid broneering on teil taitsa olemas kavatse/ma, -da, -n vabasta/ma, -da, -n kella kaheteistkiimneks kohwer, kohvri, kohvrit, kohvreid internetiiihendus, -e, -t, -i pistik, -u, -ut, -uid traadita internet silearvuti, -, -t, -arvuteid vork, vorgu, vorku, vorke ihenda/ma, -da, -n kasuta/ma, -da, -n on hinna sees. nii et see ei maksa midagi suitseta/ma, -da, -n Kas seal saab midagi sila ka? kui soovite suuremat S65ki te vdite ju linna peale raha, -, - vaheta/ma, -da, -n paris hea kursiga minibaar, -i, -i, -e eraldi juurde maks/ma, juurde maks/ta, maksa/n juurde selge see voti, votme, votit, votmeid péérdu/ma, -da, -n péérduge minu poole visitor to book, to make a reservation single room double room reservation you absolutely do have the reservation to intend to release, to free by 12 a'clock suitcase internet connection outlet wireless internet laptop (computer) net to connect to use is included in the price so it doesn’t cost anything to smoke Is it possible to also eat something there? if you wish something more to eat you can always to town money to exchange with quite a. good rate small bar at the hotel room separately to pay extra yes, absolutely; yes t see key turn to, talk to turn to me (plural) Exercise 1 Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer. 41. The visitor booked the hotel room a one week ago, b two weeks ago, c three weeks ago. He wants to have aa single room, b double room, c single bed in a room for four, He wants to stay until a Wednesday, b Thursday, ¢ Friday He has to release the room at a 12 o’clock, b 1 o’clock, ¢ 2 o'clock. This hotel has. internet connections a at the lobby, b at the restaurant, c in all rooms. Connecting to the internet a is free of charge, b costs 10 kroons per hour, ¢ costs 50 kroons per hour. Smoking is allowed a in all rooms, b at the bas, c in the hotel lobby. 8 Meals at this time of day are available a at the bar and in town, b at the bar only, ¢ in town only. 9 It is possible to exchange money a in a bank in the city centre, b in a bank nearby, c at the hotel. 10 In the room there is also a a bathtub, b a mini bar and telephone, c refrigerator, N DH WwW £6 WW DB Exercise 2 Read the questions, Choose the correct response. Listen to the recording for the correct answer. 1 Kas te broneerisite iihe- voi kaheinimesetoa? a Palun, Minu pass on siin. b Uheinimesetoa. 2 Kui kauaks te kavatsete jada? a Reedeni. b Saab kiill. 3 Mis kell ma pean toa vabastama? a Ahah. Vaga tore. b Kella kaheteistkiimneks. Kas tohib veel midagi kiisida? a Aga palun. b Kohe vaatame. Kus siin suitsetada tohib? a Suitsetada tohib baaris. b Siin lahedal on pank, seal saate vahetada paris hea kursiga. Kus ma saan internetti kasutada? a Oma toas saate, seal on internetitthendus. b Kahjuks ei saa, seal saab ainult juua, Kus saab raha vahetada? a Jah, saab ikka. b Pangas saate kindlasti. 8 Kas baaris saab midagi siiiia ka? a Kahjuks-ei saa, seal saab ainult juua. b Siin saab. Naidake, mis probleem teil on. ne ON dd. © 1OA -oun Sey f i i z8 Jon -24n Sey [ bh @ Accommodation in Estonia The hotell Aote! is, of course the first choice.and just like everywhere else in the world Estonian hotels are graded by stars. A motell mote! is usually situated in the outskirts of a town and is easily accessible by car. Bed and breakfast-type accommodation is not common. in £stonian towns but in the countryside turismitalu a holiday farm is a hice possibility to consider as most smaller towns do not have a variety of hotels to choose from. Turismitalu as a principle is.a private enterprise, usually family owned, which offers cosy accommodation (which can be sometimes even be situated in an old barn dwelling), nice traditional meals and sometimes also different cultural and recreational programmes: There are hundreds of turismitalu in Estonia and information about them is available on the internet. Distening 2 Listen to a dialogue that takes place at the bowling alley, Listen and then complete Exercises 3-4. Administraator Tere. Klient Tere. Kas ma saaksin laupaeval. kaheks tunniks bowlingusaali broneerida? Administraator —_Mis kell te tulla soovite? Klient Kas kell Kuus on vdimalik? Administraator — Mitmekesi te tulete? Klient Me oleme kaheksakesi. Jah, kell kuus on kill méned vabad rajad. Mitu rada ma teile kinni panen? Administraator Klient Ma arvan, et kahest rajast piisab. Administraator Vaga tore. Ma panen siis teie nime ja telefoni kirja. bowlingusaal, -i, -i,-e bowling alley kaheks tunniks — for 2 hours broneeri/ma, -da,-n ta book vimalik, -u, -ku,-ke — possible Mitmekesi? How many of you together? Me oleme kaheksakesi. There are eight of us all together vaba, vaba, vaba, vabu free rada, raja, rada, radu track (in a bowling alley) kinni pane/ma, pann/a, to book pane/n kinni piisa/ma, -ta,-b to be enough kirja pane/ma, panr/a, pane/n Kirja to write down Exercise 3 Listen and decide if the following sentences area true or b false. Klient tahab bowlingusaali tulla laupieval. Klient soovib bowlingusaalis olla kolm tundi. Klient soovib bowlingusaali tulla kell viis. Bowlingusaali tuleb ttheksa inimest. Klient soovib kinni panna kaks rada. wWeune Gexercise 4 Read the questions. Choose the correct response. Listen to the recording to check your answers, 1 Kas ma saan laupaevaks bowlingusaali broneerida? a Kahjuks ei saa, nadalavahetuseks on saal juba broneeritud. b Kahjuks-ei saa, seal saab ainult juua. 2 Mis kell te bowlingusaali tulla soovite? a Me oleme kaheksakesi. b Kell kuus. 3 Mitmekesi te tulete? a Kaheksakesi. b Ma arvan, et kahest rajast piisab. 4 Mitu rada ma teile kinni panen? a Ma panen siis teie nime ja telefoni kirja. b Ma arvan, et kahest rajast piisab. B_Listening 3 You will hear two dialogues that take place at the hairdresser’s. Listen to the dialogues and complete Exercises 5-7 below. a Klient Tere. Kas juuksur Taimi on tana t6dl? Juuksur —Taimi ei t6dta neljapaevitl. Klient Millal ta siis t661 on? Juuksur Ta on siin esmaspaeviti hommikupoole ja reedeti Shtupoole. Klient Tore! Ma sooviksin siis esmaspaevaks aega kinni panna. duuksur —_Mis kellaks? Klient Kella kiimneks. duuksur — Kell kiimme tal juba on Oks klient. Jon -oun sey 8 5 i 3 i é bkKlient Akki te soovitate siis m6nda teist juuksurit, kes oleks esmaspaeva hommikul kell kumme vaba? Juuksur — Tulge minu juurde! Mina olen sellel kellaajal vaba kill. Klient Jah, palun pange mulle siis aeg kinni. Ma sooviksin juukseid varvida ja ldigata ka. Juuksur Jah. Te Véite isegi tulla natukene varem, kui see telle sobib. b duuksur — Mis ma siis teile teen? Klient Ma sooviksin juuksed ldhemaks Idigata. Juuksur Kui palju ma |dikan? Klient Vétke kohe kakskiimmend sentimeetrit Iihemaks. Juuksur —_ Nii palju? Kas teil kahju ei ole? Klient Kill nad kasvavad uuesti. duuksur —_ Kas te tahtsite varvida ka? Klient Jah, viks kill. Juuksur Mis varvi me siis teeme? Klient Véiks olla mingi punakas toon, aga mite liga tume. Juuksur Ahah. Kas ma parast teen soengu ka? Klient Jah, fé6nisoeng palun. Juuksur —_Tulge palun siia, ma pesen kéigepealt teie pea ara. Klient. Ma eile pesin. Juuksur — Siis matteen lihtsalt teil juuksed mérjaks, muidu on paha \digata. Klient dust. juuksur, -i, -it, -eid hairdresser hommikupoole moming, forenoon Shtupoole = evening soovita/ma,-da,-n to suggest ménda teist some other ldika/ma, Idiga/ta, Idika/n = to. cut. Mis ma siis teile teen? = What can-do for you? (with your hair)? Vétke kohe kakskiimmend Take some 20 om off (lit. take sentimeetrit Iihemaks. some 20 cm shorter) Kas teil kahju ei ole? Aren't you feeling sorry? kasva/ma, -da,-n to. grow uuesti again reddish : tone (of colour) mitte liga tume —_ not too dark soeng, -U, -ut, -uid hairdo fodnisoeng, -u, -ut, -uid hairdo done with the hair dryer marg, marja, marga, margi = wet muidu otherwise teen lihtsalt marjaks | will make (your hair) just wet Exercise 5 Listen to dialogue a.and choose the correct answer. aw LE Or IKH Juuksur Taimi téétab/ei té6ta neljapaeviti. Juuksur Taimi on té6l esmaspaeviti hommikupoole/ Ohtupoole. Juuksur Taimi on té6] ceedeti hommikupoole/dhtupoole. Klient soovib aega kinni panna esmaspaevaks/teisipaevaks. Klient soovib aega kinni panna kella iiheksaks/kiimneks. Juuksur Taimi on/ei ole kell kiimme vaba. Klient saab/ei saa esmaspaeval kell kiimme juuksuri juurde minna. Klient soovib/ei sooyi juukseid varvida ja ldigata. Klient véib/ei voi tulla esmaspdeval isegi natuke varem. Exercise 6 Listen to dialogue b and answer the questions. CI Ah AWN Re What does the client request the hairdresser to do? How much shorter does she want her hair? What does the hairdresser ask? What else does the client request the hairdresser to do? What colour does she want her hair? Does she want some kind of specific hairdo? When did the client wash her hair? Why does the hairdresser want to wet the client’s hair? GQ Exercise 7 Read the questions. Choose the correct response then listen to the recording to check your answers. 1 Kas juuksur Ene on kolmap4eval t66l? a Ma olen kolmapaeval yaba kiill. b Kahjuks Ene ei t66ta kolmapdeviti. Kas ma saaksin esmaspaevaks juuksuri juurde aja kinni panna? a Siin saab. Naidake, mis probleem teil on. b Jah, saab ikka. Mis kellaks te soovite aega kinni panna? a Kell kuus tal on juba tiks klient. b Kella kuueks. 8 19a -oun sey 5 a 2 3 3 € § 3 LLKas nii? Just. Te proovige niGd paar péeva, kas sai 4 Mis ma siis teile teen? wi a Ma soovin juukseid Idigata ja varvida. Klienditeenindaja 224 225 if b Kiill nad kasvavad uuesti. korda. Kui ei, sis tulge tagasi. 5 5 3$| 5 Kui palju ma loikan? = — Be a? a Voiks olla mingi punakas toon. katki mobinteleton, wminni sy gall phone 3? 3 5 b Vatke umbes kiimme sentimeetrit liihemaks. he/b katid & 3 6 Mis varvi me teeme? korda tege/ma, korda teh/a, _ to fix & ” a Voiks olla mingi pruun toon, aga mitte liiga hele. . tee/n korda S i ju ei ole? Mis tal siis viga on? What's the matter with it then? b Kas teil kahju ei ole? aku, tall battery 7 Kas ma parast teen soengu ka? tiihjaks saa/ma, tuhjaks saa/da, to empty, to run flat a Jah, palun tehke fOdnisoeng. Saa/b tUhjaks —h b Jah, palun ldigake natuke. sisse lilita/ma, sisse lilita/da, to switch on = . x: 3 . a \lita/n si 8 Kas ma pesen teie pea ara voi teen juuksed lihtsalt méarjaks? ostu/téekk, n tek, receipt a Maeile pesin pead, juuksed on pubtad. = t8ekki, - t8ekke b Mul on paha ldigata. alles ole/ma, alles oll/a, on alles to ‘have (still) dra viska/ma, ara visa/ta, to throw away viska/n ara . . garantii/remont, -remondi, warranty repairs Distening 4 — ramon Twili’s cell phone has broken - the moment she switches it on niisama just so the battery runs flat. She takes the phone to a shop to find out ara paranda/ma, to fix if the problem can be fixed. Listen to the dialogue and then ara paranda/da, paranda/n ara complete Exercises 8-9. valja vaheta/ma, val a to exchange Klienditeenindaja Mis probleem teil on? kate, katte, katet, katteid cover Tuuli Mu mobiiltelefon laks katki. Kas te oskate selle ara v6t/ma, Bra voll, to take off korda'teha? vota/n dra Klienditeenindaja _ Mis tal siis viga on? korpus, -e, -t,-i case, body (of the phone) Tuuli Aku saab kohe tihjaks kui telefoni sisse lGlitan. lahti tege/ma, tent feha, to open Klienditeenindaja Jah? Millal te selle telefoni ostsite? 7 . in Jahti Tuuli Umbes pool aastat tagasi. dra léhku/ma, ara neve. to break Klienditeenindaja _Kas teil ostutSekk on alles? . os Tuuli Ei ole kahjuks. Ma viskasin selle ara, romp. ti pu, nupbu, mune Neprbabiy better Klienditeenindaja Kahju. Te saate ju aru, et niilid ma ei saa alla vajuta/ma, alla vajuta/da, to p ress down garantiiremonti teha. vajuta/n alla Tuuli Oeh, Akki saab ta niisama ara parandada? juhend, -i, -it,-eid instruction Klienditeenindaja Ma vin aku valja vahetada. See maksab ainult kirjas olema, kirjas oll/a, to be written sada krooni, on kirjas Tuuli Uks hetk, ma vétan katte ara ja teen korpuse lahti. ra kaota/ma, ara kaota/da, to lose Klienditeenindaja — Oi-oi, Arge nii tehke. Te Idhute selle ara! . kaota/n ara Tuull Vist on parem, kui te ise selle lahti teete. kinni hig shaan day on io fy Klienditeenindaja Vaadake, see nupp tuleb alla vajutada. See on pane/ma, pane’n kinni close juhendis ka kirjas. korda saa/ma, korda saa/da, to be fixed, to be repaired Tuuli Juhendit mul ei ole, kaotasin ara, saa/n korda ’ Klienditeenindaja Ma annan teile uue juhendi. Proovige nid ise tagasi tule/ma, tagasi to return, come back kinni panna. tull/a, tule/n tagasi§ Jon -9yn Sey 3 j & f Exercise 8 Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer. 1 2 RBUNDAM Hw Tuuli telefoni aku saab/ei saa kohe tihjaks, kui ta telefoni sisse lilitab. Tuuli ostis telefoni umbes pool aastat tagasi/kolm aastat tagasi. Tuulil on/ei ole ostutekk alles. Garantiiremonti saab/ei saa teha. Tuuli oskab/ei oska korpust lahti teha. Nupp tuleb/ei tule alla vajutada. Tuulil on/ei ole juhend alles. . . Tuuli peab/ ei pea paari paeva parast kindlasti tagasi tulema. D Exercise 9 Read the questions. Choose the correct response then listen to the recording for the correct answer. 1 Kus saab mobiiltelefoni parandada? a Oma toas'saate, sea] on internetiiihendus. b Siin saab, Naidake, mis probleem teil on. Mis probleem teil on? a Mu mobiiltelefon laks katki. b Ma véin aku valja vahetada. Mis telefonil viga on? a Ma viskasin selle ara. . b Aku saab kohe tithjaks, kui telefoni sisse lilitan. Millal te selle telefoni ostsite? a Umbes pool aastat tagasi. b Ma ei-saa garantiiremonti teha. Kas teil ostutSekk on alles? a Kahjuks ei ole. b Kahju. Language patterns ‘Kus ma suitsetada tohin? Where may | smoke? - modal verbs In this unit, we wil] study so called modal verbs, which are used to indicate if something is possible or not possible to do; allowed or not allowed to do or if something has to be done or not etc saama, Saada, saan to be able to, | can, | could For instance, we can use this verb in the following sentences: Kus ma saan internetti Where can I use the internet? kasutada? Internetti saate kasutada You can use the internet in oma toas. your room. Kes saab mulle viis krooni Wha could give me five anda? crowns? Mina saan, mul on raha, I can, I have money. Kas siin saab raha vahetada? Is it possible to exchange money here? Kahjuks ei saa, Unfortunately, you can’t. As you can see the word saama to be able to or I can, could is used in situations where we talk or ask about the possibility of doing something (which depends on someone or something else but the person’s own will), tohtima, tohtida, tohin / may, to be allowed to For instance, we can use this verb in the following sentences: Kas tohib veel midagi May I ask one more thing? kiisida? Jah, ikka rohib, Yes, of course. (lit. Yes you may) Kas toas tohib suitsetada? Is smoking permitted in the room? Ei tohi. It is not allowed (lit. may not) Meie hotellis tohib In our hotel, you may only suitsetada ainult baaris, smoke in the bar. As these examples show, the word tohtima I may, to be allowed to is used when we talk about whether something is allowed or not. 8 Oa -eun Sey i 5 L ~voima, voida, vdin | may, | can, to be allowed , The word voima can for instance be used in the following sentences: Kas toas véib suitsetada? Ei voi. Meie hotellis voib suitsetada ainult baaris. Kas ma v6in oma siilearvuti vorku iihendada? Jah, véite kiill. May one smoke in the room? It is not allowed. (lit. may not) In our hotel, one may smoke only in the bar. May I connect my laptop to the internet? Yes, you may. Note that the word véima in these contexts has the same meaning as tohtima in the earlier section. Kui soovite siiiia, siis vite ju alati linna peale minna. If you wish to eat, you can always go to town. Ma voin aku valja vahetada. I can exchange the battery. Here the word véima indicates that the possibility of doing something depends on the person’s own will. Homme voib sadama hakata. It may start raining tomorrow. Ta yoib jalle hilineda. He/she might be late again. In this. context the word véima means the probability of the action. oskama, osata, oskan to know (how to), to be able to, | can The word oskamia can, for instance, be used in the following sentences: Kas te oskate meie hotelli tulla? Ei oska, mul ei ole linna kaarti. Kas te oskate eesti keelt? Natuke oskan. Do you know how to get to our hotel? No, don’t, I haven’t got the town map. Can you speak Estonian? A little. (lit. little I can) The word oskama indicates that the person has a certain ability to do something. pidama, pidada, pean to have to, / must The word pidama can, for instance, be used in the following sentences: Minibaari kasutamise eest peate eraldi juurde maksma. You have to pay extra for the usage of the mini-bar. Kas ma pean kella itheks toa vabastama? Do | have to release the room by 1 o'clock? Ei pea. Te peate toa yabastama kella kaheks. No you don't. You have to release the room by 2 o*clock. Te peate oma votmed siia panema. You must put your keys here, The word pidama indicates that doing something is obligatory. Note that in impersonal requests, we use the third form in the singular (i.e. saab, vib, tohib, peab), for instance Kus saab raha yahetada? Where is it possible to exchange money? Is it possible to ask something more? Is it allowed to sit here? Toa peab vabastama kella The room has to be released kaheteistkimneks. by 12 o'clock. Bear in mind that with the word pidama the first form of the verb is always used. With the words saama, voima, tohtima, oskama we always use the second form of the verb, Kas tohib veel midagi kiisida? Kas siia votb istuda? Exercise 10 Choose the word that suits the sentence. 1 Kus saab/oskab kohvi juua? Seal on kohvik, seal saab/oskab. 2 Kas siia peab/tohib auto parkida? Ei pea/Ei tohi, siin ei ole parkimiskoht, 3 Kas tohib/véib juhtuda, et minu telefon laheb katki? Kéike tohib/véib juhtuda. Kas te peate/oskate seda telefoni parandada? Kas te saate/tohite mulle naidata, kus mu tuba on? Saan/tohin muidugi, tulge palun minuga kaasa. 6 Kas siin tohib/oskab suitsetada? Jah, tohib/oskab kiill. 7 Kas ma tohin/pean kohe maksma? Ei, peate/vaite maksta ka hiljem. nn JOA -oun sey 229 E 2 z : LL8 1A -oun sey 5 z 3 3 2 & g LL 8 Kas sa saad/oskad minuga basscini tulla? Kahjuks ei saa/ei oska, mul ei ole aega. 9 Kas sa saad/oskad ujuda? Saan/oskan kiill, 6ppisin ujuma juba kiimme aastat tagasi. Mitmekesi te tulete? How many of you will come? The question mitmekesi? means how many of you? The answer will also end with -kesi, which will be added to the second form of the numeral (note that the construction iiksi alone is an exception). Some examples of usage: Me tédtame kolmekesi iihes There are three of us working toas. in one room. Me ijaheme tana dhtul Tonight the six of us will go to kuuekesi restorani. @ restaurant. Me elame neljakesi iihes There are four of us living in korteris. an apartment. Olen iiksi kodus. lam home alone. Mu telefon laks katki My telephone broke down - compound verbs We have already learnt that there are several verbs in Estonian that consist of two words, like aru saama to understand ot haigeks j4ama to fall ill. Such types of verb are called compound verbs. You already know the meaning of verbs like minema to go, saama to get, tegema to do and panema to put. Note that if such words occur as part of a compound verb their meaning can be completely different, for instance: katki minema to break down otsa saama to run out of korda tegema to fix kirja panema to write down Telefon laks katki. The phone broke down. I ran out of money. He fixes the phone. I will write down your name. Mul sai raha otsa. Ta teeb telefoni korda. Ma panen teie nime kirja. Here are some more examples: minema to go katki minema to break down Mu auto laks katki. My car broke down. segi minema to mix up Vabandust, mul laks Sorry, I mixed up the time. kellaaeg segi. halvaks minema to go stale Toit laks halvaks. The food went stale. saama to get tiihjaks saama to run flat Aku saab tithjaks, kui The battery runs flat when I telefoni sisse liilitan. switch on the phone. otsa saama to run out of Mul sai raha otsa. I ran out of money. tegema to do lahti tegema to open Uks hetk, ma teen telefoni © One moment, I will open the korpuse lahti. telephone’s case. katki tegema to break Oi, te teete selle telefoni Ob, you will break this katki! phone! korda tegema to fix Kas te oskate selle korda Do you know how to fix it? teha? panema to put kinni panema two meanings: to book, to reserve; to close Mitu rada ma teile kinni How many tracks shall I book panen? : for you? Proovige ise telefoni korpus Try to close the telephone’s kinni panna. case yourself. kirja panema to write down Ma panen teie nime ja I will write down your name telefoni kirja. and phone. kaima panema to start, to switch on Aidake mul see arvuti Help me to switch on this kdima panna. computer. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 11 in the Let’s Practise! section. nN oun sey 1OA bh8 1A -oun sey ZeqnjesauuleyeH bh Kas te saaksite mu telefoni 4ra parandada? Could you fix my telephone? —- compound verbs Often one part of the compound verb is the word dra for instance ara minema to leave, ara kaotama to lose, ara tegema to complete, ara s66ma to eat up. ara has two meanings in compound verbs: Itcan indicate the complement of an action, for instance Ma sddn koogi ara J will eat the cake up; Ma joon veini ara I will drink the wine up; Ma teen t66 ara I will complete the work. * It can also indicate withdrawal, leaving or retreat, for instance Ma Jahen niiiid ara J will leave now; Viska see paber ara! Throw this paper away!; Tule sealt ara! Come away from there! Remember that in such constructions the word ara does not mean negation as in don’t sentences. In prohibiting sentences, ara is usually at the beginning of the sentence, for instance Ara joo seda vett! Don’t drink this water! Ara mine sinna! Don’t go there! In sentences such as Joo see vesi ara! Drink this water up! and Mine ara! Go away!, the word order is different and ara is positioned at the end of the sentence. It is also possible to construct sentences where the word ara is-used twice (to indicate negation and as a component of the compound verb), for instance Ara joo seda vett ara! Don’t drink this water up! Ara mine ara! Don’t go away! In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 12 in the Let’s Practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 11 Choose the correct expression. 1 Mu telefon laks katki/laks halvaks/laks segi. 2 Kas te saate selle korda teha/lahti teha/katki teha? 3 Kohe teen korpuse lahti/teen korpuse korda/teen korpuse katki ja vaatan, mis juhtus. 4 Teie telefon on korras, ainult aku saab kohe otsa/saab kohe tithjaks, 5 Vahetasin aku ara ja panen korpuse kdima/panen korpuse kinni / panen korpuse kirja. 6 Vabandust, mul lks kellaaeg katki/laks kellaaeg segi/liks kellaaeg halvaks. 7 See juhtus selleparast, et minu kell laks halvaks/laks katki/ Jaks segi. 8 Ka raha sai otsa / sai tithjaks ja ma ei saanud Jasta kella ara parandada. 9 Kas te saate minu nime kirja panna/kinni panna/kaima panna? 10 Uks hetk, Panen arvuti kaima/Panen arvati kirja ja siis kohe teen seda, 11 Kas ma saaksin lana kirja panna/kaima panna/kinni panna? 12 Jah ikka. Mis kell te soovite tulla? Teeme restorani korda/ Teeme restorani lahti/Teeme restorani katki kell viis. Exercise 12 Underline the negative sentences. Joo vesi ara. Ara joo vett. Ara joo vett ara. Ara mine. Mine ara. Ara mine ara. Viska see paber ara. Ara viska seda paberit ara. Ara s66 seda kooki. Ara s66 seda kooki ara, $66 see kook dra. Ara korista seda tuba. Korista see tuba ara. Ara korista seda tuba ara. wVbwWhe Let’s communicate! Co Exercise 13. You are booking into a hotel. Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Say I booked a room 2 weeks ago. Administraator Kas ihe-véi kaheinimesetoa? Sina Say A double room. Administraator Kohe vaatame. Kuidas teie nimi on? Sina Say I. am [your name]. Administraator Jah, see broncering on olemas. Kui kauaks te . kavatsete jaada? Sina | ; Say Until Tuesday. Administraator Vaga hea, Siin on teie toa véti. QO Exercise 14 You are talking to the administrator at the hotel lobby, Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Ask May I ask something? Administrator Aga palun. 3 g 5 i zg E Joa -oyn seySina Ask Is there an internet connection in this hotel? Administraator Jah. Meil on kéikides tubades ja baaris traadita Internet. Sina Ask How much does it cost? Administraator See ei maksa midagi. Sina Say This is very nice. Ask Where can I smoke here? Administraator Meie hotellis ei tohi suitsetada. Sina Ask Where can I exchange money? Administraator Sin lahedal on pank. Seal saate vahetada. Sina Say Thank you. Goodbye. Gexercise 15 Your child has a birthday and you would like to organize a party for him and his friends at the bowling alley. You call the administrator to book the time. Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. Administraator Tere. Bowlingusaal kuuleb. Sina Say Can I book the bowling hall for 3 hours on Sunday? Administraator Aga palun. Mis kell te tulla soovite? Sina Say Is it possible to come at 4 o’clock? Administraator Jah. Mitmekesi te tulete? Sina Say There are eight of us. Administraator Vaga tore. Mitu cada ma teile kinni panen? Sina Say I think that three tracks will be enough. Administraator Selge. Ma panen siis tei¢ nime ja telefoni kirja. Exercise 16 Here are some situations for you to practise. 1 You would like to go to the hairdresser’s on Tuesday morning. You call and you are told Juuksur téétab esmaspdeviti ja teisipaeviti Ghmupoole. Can you get an appointment for Tuesday morning? 2 You would like to have an appointment at the hairdresser’s for Monday. How do you say I would like to book the time for Monday? 3 You are-asked Mis kellaks? How do you say for 10’ 0’clock? 4 You are discussing with the hairdresser what she will do. How do you say you would like to cut and dye your hair? How do you say you would like to cut your hair shorter? Cr YN DR WW You have agreed, that the hairdresser will cut your hair. Now she asks Kui palju ma léikan? What is she asking? You have agreed that the hairdresser will dye your hair. Now she asks: Mis varvi me siis teeme? What is she asking? The hairdresser has cut your hair and asks: Kas ma teen soengu ka? What is she asking? The hairdresser tells you: Ma teen teil juuksed miirjaks. What is she going to do? The hairdresser tells you: Ma pesen teie pea ara. What is she going to do? Co Exercise 17 Something is wrong with your watch. You take it to the watch repairer to see if it can be fixed. Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. Sina Say Hello! Teenindaja — Mis probleem teil on? Sina Say My watch broke. Teenindaja Kas teil ostutSekk on alles? Sina Say Yes. Please. Teenindaja wiea tore. Me saame kellale garantiiremonti teha. Sina Say Very good. Ask What’s wrong with it? Teenindaja Ma teen korpuse lahti ja vaatan. Tulge poole tunni parast tagasi, Sina Say Let’s do so. Iga -2un sey 235 & 5 2 : A8 G.istening 1 You wil) hear two advertisements about apartments for rent, Listen to the texts a and b and complete Exercises 1-2 below. ay : i Uiirile anda kahetoaline korter kesklinna lahedal puumajas. t Ahikite, WC ja vannituba eraldi. Trepikoda lukus. Maja ees on t bussipeatus, lahedal kauplus, kool ja lasteaed. Korter on renoveeritud ja mdbleeritud. Hinnas saab tingida! b cl i Uariie anda kolmetoaline korter kesklinna lahedal kivimajas. j I | Keskkite, WC ja vannituba koos. Trepikoda lukus, Maja asub pargi j (sees, lahedal ostukeskus ja ujula. Korter on renoveeritud. Hind j juauupede Ue JUG O} Syl] PINOM | epunn WepyOY UIS}IAOOS In this unit you will learn + how to read advertisements about apartments for rent » how to ask questions about an apartment * how to describe the location of something ik pokKllg el! kuulutus, -e, -t, -i tidrile and/ma, ‘idrile and/a, anna/n tiltrile kahetoali/ne, -se, -st, -si korter, -i, -it, -eid lahedal puumaja, -, -, puumaju ahi, ahju, ahju, ahjusid kiite, kiitte, kitet wc vanni/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tube eraldi trepi/koda, -koja, -koda, -kodasid lukus laste/aed, -aia, -aeda, ~aedu renoveeritud mébleeritud tingi/ma, -da, -n hinnas saab tingida kivimaja, -, -, kivimaju kesk/kiite, -kiitte, -kiitet koos asu/ma, -da, -b Pargi sees ostukeskus, -¢, -t, -i ujula, -, -t, -id hind kokkuleppel advertisement, announcement torent two-room(ed) (apartment) apartment nearby, close to wooden house, building stove heating toilet, WC bathroom separately stairwell, entrance hall locked in front of the house shop school kindergarten renovated, lately decorated furnished to bargain the price can be bargained stone building central heating together, united to be located inside the park shopping centre, (Am.) mall swimming pooi the price to be agreed onExercise 1 Listen to the texts a and b and tick the appropriate boxes. The first one is done for you. the first | the second apartment | apartment (text a) (text b) 1 The apartment for rent has two rooms. J 2 The apartment for rent has three rooms. 3 The apartment for rent is located in a stone building. 4 The apartment for rent is located in a wooden house. 5 The apartment for rent has stove heating. 6 The apartment for rent has central heating. 7 The apartment for rent has bathroom and toilet in the same room. 8 The apartment for rent has bathroom and toilet in separate rooms. 9 The entrance hall of the apartment is locked. 10 The entrance hall of the apartment is unlocked. 11 The bus'stop is behind the house. 12 The bus stop is in front of the house. 13 The apartment needs renovating. 14 The apartment is renovated. 15 The apartment is furnished. 16 The apartment is unfurnished. 17 The price can be bargained. 18 The price cannot be bargained. Exercise 2 Choose the correct translation. 1 kahetoaline korter kesklinna lahedal a two roomed apartment near the city centre b two apartments near the city centre 2 WC ja vannituba eraldi a WC and bathroom in the same room b WC and bathroom in separate rooms 3 trepikoda on Jukus a entrance hall is locked b entrance hall must be locked 4 maja ees on bussipeatus a there is a bus stop in front of the house b there is a bus stop behind the house lahedal kauplus, kool ja lasteaed a there is a shop, school and kindergarten nearby b I have to go to the shop, school and kindergarten 6 korter on renoveeritud ja mébleeritud a the apartment is not renovated and furnished b the apartment is renovated and furnished 7 hinnas saab tingida a the price can be bargained b the price can not be bargained 8 hind kokkuleppel a the price is agreed upon b the price will be agreed upon we DBistening 2 You will hear two more advertisements about apartments for rent. Listen to the texts a and b and complete Exercises 3-4. a Uheksakorruselises paneelmajas anda Urile kahetaoline (Qldpind 54 rm’) korter esimesel korrusel. Majas lift, maja ees laste manguvaljak ja parkimiskohad. Asukoht vaga hea, ilus vaade jarvele: Hinnas saab tingida! Udrile lisanduvad kommunaalkulud pluss elekter. b Uues elamurajoonis anda tiirile kolmetoaline mdbleeritud korter. Maja on kahekorruseline ja asub sture kaubanduskeskuse juures. Majas ainult neli korterit, head naabrid. Roheline dimbrus, maja taga spordivaljak. Gheksakorruseli/ne, —_ nine storey (house) -se, -St, -si paneel/maja, -;-,-maju —_ building’of (concrete) elements iild/pind, -pinna, pinda —_ overall size korrus, =e, -t,-eld storey lift, ,-@ — elevator, lift laste mAnguvaljak, -u, -ut,-Lid children’s playground Parkimis/koht, parking spot -koha, -kohta, -kohti asu/koht, -koha, -kohta, -kohti /ocation vaade, vaate, vaadet, vaateid view jarv, -e, -e, -i lake Gir, -i,-i rent oe 3 2 a 5 gg @ é 8 6 s a 5 5 5 = él to be added in addition to the rent (lit. to the rent will be added) lisandu/ma, -da, -b Oirile lisanduvad kommunaaikulud — cost of municipal services (i.e. electricity, water etc.) elekter, elektri, elektrit electricity elamurajoon, -i, -i,-e | dwelling district kaubanduskeskus, -e,-t,-i shopping centre ainult only naaber, naabri, naabrit, naabreid neighbour iimbrus, -¢, -t surroundings maja taga behind the house spordivaljak, -u, -ut,-uid — sports. ground Exercise 3 Listen to the texts a and b and put a tick in the appropriate boxes. The first one is done for you. Esimene teine korter korter (text a) (text b) Korter on kahetoaline. [vi Korter on kolmetoaline. L I Maja on kahekorruseline. Maja on iiheksakorruseline. Majas on lift. Maja asub suure J Le kaubanduskeskuse juures. Maja ees on laste manguvaljak. LL Maja ées on parkimiskohad. Majas on ainult neli korterit. 10 Maja taga on spordivaljak. 11 Korterist on ilus vaade jarvele. 12. Korter on mobleeritud. DAnLwne won Exercise 4 Choose the correct translation. 1 asukeht vaga hea a the apartment is very good for living b location (of the apartment) is very good 2 ilus vaade jarvele a beautiful lake nearby b nice view to the lake 3 ittirile lisanduvad kommunaalkulud a in addition to the rent there is also the cost of municipal services b the cost of municipal services is included in the rent 4 soheline iimbrus a green house b green surroundings ® Estonian houses A lot of Estonians five in korterelamu apartment blocks, although it is becoming increasingly popular to buy or build eramaja your private/own house. Ridaelamu terraced houses have also become popular in recent years, especially in uuselamurajoon newly developed neighbourhood. Sometimes you can see a sign saying naabrivalve piirkond. which means that the: inhabitants in this area are taking part in the so called neighbourhood watch scheme in order to diminish crime and possible break-ins. ( Filosoofi } Korrusmaja is a block of flats, the Soviet-era buildings like that are either five, 9 or 14 stores high. Depending on the material of construction they are also called paneelmaja concrete element building or telliskivimaja brick building. Korter a flat can also be Gdrikorter a rented fiat. In advertisements one can often see the expression kdigi mugavustega korter, which means that the apartment has central heating and hot water, something that is not self-evident for the older puurnaja wooden houses of Estonia. Estonian addresses reveal whether it is a single house or a block of flats, for instance Jarve 72 is a single building but Jarve 12-36 a block of flats (the first number standing for the building and the second for the apartment). = 8 = z 3 2 a oa él+4 & a 5 s # él Maamaja or talu is a house or farm in the countryside. Suvila is a summer house. Eramaa means private property. Be aware in the countryside and also in towns that if there is a sign that says Ettevaatust, kuri koer! there probably is quite a large and none too friendly dog loose in the yard. © Listening 3 Listen to a dialogue in which the estate agent is talking to a customer about an apartment for rent. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises 5-6, Maakler —Uks hetk, ma teen ukse lahti .... Nii, tulge palun sisse. Klient Jah, aitah. Mitu tuba'siin’siis on? Maakler Kokku on kolm tuba ja kédk. Naete, kGdgi kérval on dks tuba, siin keskel on elutuba ja elutoa kGrval on magamistuba. Klient Ma nden, et korter on mébleeritud. Maakler Jah, siin on kdik olemas, isegi kardinad on akna ees ja vaibad maas. Klient Kas ma médblit véin Umber paigutada? See on natuke imelik, et need riiulid on siin laua ja diivani vahel. Maakler Jah, médblit voib kUll Gmber paigutada. Klient Milline kodutehnika siin korteris on? Maakler Kédgis on keraamiline pliit, selle kohal on ka mikrolaineahi.. NGudepesumasin on siin valamu ja kapi vahel. Klient Aga pesumasin? Maakler Pesumasin on ka olemas, see on vannitoa kapi all. Klient Kas seda muusikakeskust ka tohib kasutada? Maakler = Vib kill, aga muusikat ei tohi mangida liiga valjult. See tahendab, naabreid ei tohi segada. Klient Kas naabrid on rahulikud? Maakler Jah, on kill. Uleval korrusel elab vist dks abielupaar ja all elab ks Uksik vanem mees. Klient Kus autot parkida saab? Maakler Maja ees on tasuline parkimiskoht. Klient Kas loomi ka tohib pidada? Mul on kass. Maakler Seda peab otse omanikult kisima. Ma usun, et voib kill, Klient Kas korteris suitsetada tohib? Maakler —Suitsetada vGite r6dul. Korteris suitsetada ei tohi. Klient Kui suur on tir? Maakler eli ja pool tuhat krooni pluss elekter ja kommunaalmaksud. Kiient Maakler Klient Maakler Kas lepingu saab sélmida pooleks aastaks? dah, miks mitte. Millal te paberid valmis saate? Esmaspaeval kindlasti. maakler, -i, -it, -eid liks hetk teen ukse lahti uks, ukse, ust, uksi tulge sisse tuba, toa, tuba, tube k65k, kddgi, KG5Ki, Kodke k6Sgi korval keskel elu/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tube elutoa kérval magamis/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tube siin on kéik olemas isegi kardinad akna ees vaip, vaiba, vaipa, vaipu maas. Kas ma viin ...? médbel, mébli, modblit Umber paiguta/ma, limber paiguta/da, Paiguta/n timber imelik tilul, -i, -it, -eid Jaud, laua, lauda, laudu diivan, -i, -it, -eid faua ja diivani vahel kodutehnika, -, -t keraamili/ne, -se, -st, -si pliit, pliidi, pliiti, pliite selle kohal mikrolaine/ahi, -ahju, -ahju, -ahje ndudepesumasin, cby g : 4! Note that if you have more than one long word with similar components ina sentence, the words are often shortened in the following way: Meie majas on iihe-, kahe- ja kolmetoalised korterid. [7 our house there are one-, two- and three-roomed apartments. Exercise 9 Make similar words using the following example. 1 kolm tuba — kolmetoaline korter 2 viis tuba - .. 3 seitse tuba - .. 4 kaks korrust — kahekorruseline maja 5 ttheksa korrust — . 6 kuasteist korrast — 7 kuusteist aastat — kuueteistaastane inimene 8 kaheksateist aastat — .... + 9 nelikiimmend viis aastat - weljakiimne viie aastane inimene 10 viiskiimmend kolm aastat - ..... fac Teleri ees In front of the TV - postpositions When we want to indicate the location of something we use words like taga behind, ees in front etc. Such words are called postpositions because in Estonian they are placed behind the main word i. e laua taga behind the table, rituli ees in front of the shelf. Note that the main word is in second form. You will find examples of different postpositions in the following table. Depending on in which direction the objects move, different forms of the postposition are used as postpositions in Estonian have three forms. = kuhu? where to? kus? where? kust? where from? 251 Janes laheb teleriette. Janes on teleriees. Janes laheb teleri 28 The rabbit goes in ‘The rabbit isin front. eest ara. a8 front of the TV. of the TV: lit. The rabbit goes away °3 from in front of the TV. Fl °o Janes laheb ieleri taha, Janes on teleritaga. Janes tuleb teleri z The rabbit goes The rabbit is behind —_ tagant valja. > behind the TV. the TV. lit. The rabbit comes out from behind of the TV. Janes hUppab teleri Janes.on teleri peal. Janes hppab teleri peale. The rabbit is on pealt ara. —_ The rabbit jumps top of the TV. iit. The rabbit jurnps away Lad on the TV. from on top of the TV. | Janes hiippab Janes on teleri all. Janes tuleb teleri alt valja. | teleri alla. The rabbit is under lit. The rabbit comes out The rabbit jumps the TV. from under the TV. peeneer the TV. Paiss paneb janese Janese pilt on raamatu Poiss vGtab janese pildi pildi raamatu vahete. vahel. raamatu vahett dra. The boy puts the The rabbit's picture lit. The boy takes the rabbit's picture in is in between the book. rabbit's picture out from in between the book. between the book. Poiss paneb janese Janese pilt on teleri Poiss vétab janese pildi pildi teleri kohale,, kohal. teleri kohatt ara. The boy puts the The rabbit's picture is _ it. The boy takes the rabbit's rabbit's picture above above the TV. picture away from above the TV. the TV. Juures near, dares by, kérval next to The words juures and dares have several different meanings. The word juures is usually used in the following contexts: 1 am at the doctor's. He is at the director’s. The shelf is near the door. The word dares is usually used with words like jarv lake, jogi river, meri sea, for instance: Ma olen arsti juures. Ta on direktori juures, Riiul on ukse juures. Ma olen mete 4ares. 1 am at (by) the seaside.Iris also used with words to indicate objects that stretch out (tee road, laud table etc.): Pund on maantee dares. Tnimesed on laua dares. The trees are beside the road. People are beside the table. Janes iaheb teleri Janes on teleri juures, Janes tuleb teleri juurde, The rabbit is near the juurest ara. The rabbit goes up. Tv. lit. The rabbit goes away to the TV. from the TV. Janes laheb jairve &arde, Janes on jarve ares. © Janes laheb jarve The rabbit goes to The rabbit is beside aarest koju. the fake, the lake, lit. The rabbit goes home from near the lake. Janes istub poisi k6rvale. The rabbit isnextto —_ krvalt ara. Janes on poisi k6rval. Janes laheb poisi The rabbit sits next the boy. ta:the boy. lit. The rabbit goes away from next to the boy. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 10-14 in the Let’s Practise! section. Renoveeritud mébleerimata korter Renovated unfurnished apartment — tud-form, mata-form The ending -tud indicates in Estonian that something is done, for instance: mébleeritud korter renoveeritud korter varvitud sein painted wall lukustatud uks locked door The ending -mata indicates the opposite, i.e, that something is not done or is undone, for instance unfurnished apartment undecorated apartment unpainted wall unlocked door furnished apartment renovated apartment mébleerimata korter renoveerimata korter varvimata sein lukustamata uks Let’s practise! Exercise 10 Choose the correct translation. next to the kitchen a kdégi kohal, b kédgi kérval between the table and sofa a laua ja diivani juures, b laua ja diivani vahel by the sink a valamu all, b valamu juures inside the microwave oven a mikrolaineahju sees, b mikro- laine ahju peal behind the stereo system a muusikakeskuse ees, b muusika- keskuse taga on the balcony a rédu peal, b rédu all by the TV a teleri juures, b teleri taga under the shelf a riiuli taga, b riiuli all Mw Bw Le aN D Exercise 1 Look at the picture and decide if the sentences are true or false. Make the false sentences correct. 1 Tool on riiuli ja ukse yahel. 2 Akna ees on kardinad. 3 Lilled on Iaua peal. 4 Pilt on riiuli kohal. 5 Telefon on laua peal. 6 Muusikakeskus on teleri ees, 7 Kass on tugitooli taga. 8 Raamat on laua all. 9. Tugitool on akna lahedal. 10 Riiul on akna ja ukse vahel. 253 5 g 5 5 5 i élExercise 12 Let’s communicate! Look at the picture in Exercise 11 and answer the questions. Use 7 postpositions in your answer. B Exercise 15 g 1 Kus on kass? Find the correct answer to each question. Listen to the recording = 2 Kus on kruusid? to check your answers then translate the questions. a - x 3 Kus on raamatud? 1 Mitmetoaline see korter on?.a Viimasel, see tahendab 3 4 Kus on padi? : viiendal. 3 5 Kus on tle ? 2 Mis koreusel see korter b Kaks tuba on, iiks mitte. 6 Kus on pilt? asub? 3. Kui suur on korteri ildpind? c Jah, natuke aega tagasi. Exercise 13 4 Kas korteris on rédu? d= Maja lahedal on tasuline —_ parkla. Pr Choose the correct form. 5 Kas korter on mébleeritud? ¢ 75 ruutmeetrit. 1 Mees pani oma telefoni laua peale/peal/pealt. 6 Kas korter on remonditud? £ Jah, nad on vaga toredad 2 Telefon oli laua peale/peal/pealt. . inimesed. 3 Kass tuli laua juurde/juures/juurest ja nagi telefoni. 7 Kas naabrid on rahulikud? g Umbes 3000 krooni kuus. 4 a laks laua peale/peal/pealt ja istus telefoni kérvale/ 8 Kas ma autot saan parkida?h Siin on kolm tuba ja kd6k. korval/korvalt. . . . 9 Kui sour on iiiir? i Jah, isegi kaks, 5 Naine vottis telefoni laua peale/peal/pealt ara ja pani teleri taha/taga/tagant. + 6 Telefon oli teleri taha/taga/tagant. Oo Exercise 16 7 Mees tuli ja otsis oma telefoni laua peale/peal/pealt. You went to see an apartment for rent and you would like to ask 8 Aga telefon ei olnud enam laua peale/peal/pealt. the owner some questions. Fill in the missing lines and then 9° Mees otsis ka diivani taha/taga/tagant, aga ka seal ei olnud telefoni. listen to the completed dialogue. 10 Siis vaatas mees veel riiuli alla/all/alt, aga ka seal ei olnud Omanik Tere. Tulge palun sisse. ka mitte midagi. . se . Sina Say Hello. Ask How many rooms are here? 11 Mees kiisis naiselt, kus telefon on ja naine iitles, er pani Omanik Kaks tuba ja k6dk. Rédu on ka. Korter on 2 telefon teleri taha/taga/tagant. i taha/tapa/tagant j . mobleeritud. Siin on ndudepesumasin ja pesumasin, ees VOCS GMa. telefon Teen kalia/tagaytagaal ja pant Sina Ask Is it allowed to use the washing machine? taskusse. Omanik —Véib kill. Sina Ask Are the neighbours quiet? Exercise 14 Omanik = Ma usun kiill. Uleval elab ainult iiks iilidpilane. Make similar sentences using the example sentences below. ena anil fie i park nail : Sina Ask How much is the rent? 1_Panen palli lava peale. _|Pallon lava peal._| VOtan pall ava pealt Omanik Kolm tuhat krooni kuus pluss kommunaalkulud, 2 Panen palli laua alla. Sina Say Very good. Ask Is it possible to conclude the 3 Panen palli teleri taha. contract for half a year? 4 Panen palli riuli juurde, Omanik fahy mks | mitte. Ma teen paberid valmis 5 Panen palli divani ette. Sina Say Thank von 6 _Panen palli ukse k6rvale. 7 Panen palli arvuti ja muusikakeskuse vahele.G Exercise 17 You are instructing your colleague over the phone to find the wallet you have forgotten at work. Choose the correct sentence. Listen to the recording to check your answers. 3 ei ae 3 3 = 1 You think your wallet might a Vaata palun laua alla. be on the table. 2 You think your wallet might b Vaata palun minu tooli alla. be under the table. 3 You think your wallet might c Vaata palun laua peale. be in your draw. 4 You think the wallet might d Vaata palun raamatute be under your chair vahele. 5 You think your wallet might ¢ Vaata palun minu kotti. be on top of the computer. 6 You think your wallet might f Vaata palun minu sahtlisse. be in between the books. 7 You think your wallet might g Vaata palun akna ette. be behind the cupboard. 8 You think your wallet might h Vaata palun kapi taha. be in your bag, 9 You think your wallet might i Vaata palun arvuti peale. be in front of the window. cl GQ Exercise 18 You have lost your watch and you think you left it at your friend’s place. You are calling him to ask about the watch. Fill in the missing lines and then listen to the completed dialogue. The first line is done for you, é,** Pau} NOA svey |IAOOJd “ pnu Sina Tere! Ma olen vist oma kella sinu juurde unustanud. Sdber Oota, ma kohe vaatan. Sina Say Look on top of the TV, please. Sdber Ei, ei ole siin. Sina Say Look under the sofa, please. Sdber Jah, ma vaatan. No ei ole siin. Sina Say Maybe it fell behind the cupboard? Sdber Oota, kohe. Ja ongi siin! 9190/0 sey In this unit you will learn + how to talk about restaurants and food * how to buy souvenirs * how to communicate in a post office « the names of festival days in Estonia éExercise 1 Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions. 1 What does Laura suggest Janar that they do? 2 What does Janar say about the coffee shop that is located somewhere in the building? 268] 2 Listening 1 Laura is very hungry. She discusses with Janar where to go to eat, Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercise 1. Laura = Mul on kéht thi. Lahme kuhugi s6éma! 2°"* pnuaooud 8y9/0 Sey 259 5 8 2 & i 2 5 i, =—- x) Janar Jah. Kuskil ‘sin majas oli Uks kohvik... Neil on klire 3 What does Laura say about the same coffee shop? teenindus ja vist ka soodsad hinnad. 4 What does Janar suggest? Laura Kiire teenindus? Vastupidi, neil on just vaga aeglane 5 What does Laura say about the new place at Parnu maantee? teenindus! Ja portsjonid on ka liiga vaiksed. Mitte keegi ef 6 What does Janar worry about? kai seal. 7 What does Laura answer? Janar Soovita siis ise midagi. . 8 What does Janar reply? =—4| Laura P&rnu maanteel on vist mingi uus koht. Ma lehest lugesin, oo et seal on pdnev interjdér ja vaga maitsev toit. Janar _Ega see mingi taimetcitlaste restoran ei ole? CB Li istening 2 Laura Ei ole! Janar — Lahme siis pealegi sinna. Alo and Sirje are eating out in a restaurant. They are studying Mul on kéht tiihi. k6ht, kGhu, kéhtu kuhugi kuskil kiire, -, -t, ~id teenindus, -e, +t vastupidi aegla/ne, -se, -st, -seid Neil on just vaga aeglane teenindus. portsjon, -i, -it, -eid liiga mitte keegi midagi mingi, mingi, mingit, mingeid ponev, -a, -at, -aid interjédr, -i, -i, -e maitsev, maitsva, maitsvat, maitsvaid taimetoitla/ne, -se, -st, -si Ega see mingi taimetoitlaste restoran ole? Lahme siis pealegl sinna. lam hungry (lit i have an empty stomach) stomach to somewhere, anywhere somewhere, anywhere fast service on the contrary slow They have very slow service. ration too nobody something some kind of exciting, interesting interior tasty vegetarian Isn’t it some kind of vegetarian restaurant? All right, let’s go there then. the menu and discussing what to eat. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercise 2. Alo Kas sa oled siin kunagi varem kainud? Sirje Jah, olen kdl, Viimati kaisin eelmisel nadalal koos kolleegidega. Alo No siis sa kindlasti oskad toitusid soovitada, Kas sa nditeks seda suppi oled proovinud? Sirie Jah, see supp on vaga hea, aga sa peaksid kindlasti midagi veel tellima, sest see portsjon on isna vaike, Alo Ma vGtan mingi prae. Sirje Kiipsetatud kana on neil vaga hea. Alo Mida sa ise vétad? Sirje Mina vétan seekord grillitud kala kastmega. Ja lisandiks mingi salati. Alo Kas sa'siin sealiha oled s6dnud? Sirje = Kunagi ammu s6in. Paris hea oli. Alo Ma vétan siis praetud sealiha friikartulitega. Kas joome veini ka? Kas sa majaveini oled maitsnud? Sirje Ei, seda ei ole ma kunagi joonud. Ma eelistaksin valget veini, kui sa vastu ei ole. Alo Jah, vétame pudeli valget majaveini. Kuidas oleks mingi magustoiduga? Kas tellime kohe véi hiljern? Sirje Tellme kohe. Mina tahaksin midagi kerget, nditeks jaatist. Alo Ma vist praegu ei jaksa magustoitu sila, Ma vétan lihtsalt dhe kange kohvi. Sirje Kas sa nagid, kas kuskil olid tualettruumid ka? Alo Need olid vist ukse juures vasakul. Sirje — Ahah, Ma kain Kiiresti ara. Ara sa enne telli!¢ L 2°" pnuraooid ayajo Sey g kunagi varem sometime before vilmati —_/ast time eelmi/ne, -se,-st,-seid previous eelmine nadal ast week kolleeg, -i,-i,-e colleague tisna vaike quite small roast meat (also: main course) praad, prae, praadi, praade ‘i fi to roast (in the oven), also to kiipseta/ma, -da, -n fry, to bake kiipsetatud —_ roasted (in the oven) seekord this time grilli/ma, -da,-n to roast, to broil (over fire or hot coals) gtillitud — roasted (over fire or hot coals) kaste, kastme, kastet, kastmeid sauce . lisand, -i, -it,-eid side dish (.e. potatoes, rice etc.) sealiha,-,- pork — kunagiammu = sometime ago Paris hea quite good praadi/ma, -da, prae/n to fry praetud fried trii/kartulid, -kartulite, -kartuleid French fries majavein, -i,-i,-e house wine maits/ma, -ta,-en fo taste kunagi —_ here: ever Kuidas oleks = how about magus/toit, -toidu, -toitu, -toite dessert vastu ole/ma, _ to be against (something) vastu oll/a, ole/n vastu kohe now, immediately hiljem ater kerge, -,-t,-id ight praegu at the moment jaksa/ma, -ta,-n to be able to kange, -,-t,-id strong kuskil somewhere Exercise 2 Listen to the dialogue once more and decide if the sentences that follow are a true or b false. 1 Sirje has not been to this restaurant before. 2 Sirje has eaten the soup in this restaurant. — 3. Sirje thinks the soup is good but the portion too small to make a meal in itself. : 4 Sirje said that the roast chicken in this restaurant is not very good, 5 Sirje will have grilled fish and a salad. 6 Alo will have fried pork with French fries, 7 Sirje has also tried the house wine in this restaurant. 8 Sirje and Alo will have a bottle of white house wine. 9 Sirje wants to have a dessert. 10 Alo will also have icecream for dessert. 11 Alo orders a cup of strong coffee. 12 The toilet are near the door on the left. Restaurant words Some more words you might need in a restaurant: lusikas, lusika, lusikat, lusikaid spoon kahvel, kahvli, kahvlit; kahvieid fork nuga, noa, nuga, nuge knife taldrik, -u, -ut, -uid plate tass, -i cup klaas, -i, -i,-e glass kruus, -i,-i,-e mug sool, -a,-a salt Pipar, pipra, pipart pepper hamba/ork, -orgi, -orki, -orke toothpick tuhatoos, -i ashtray valgu/mihkel, -mihkli, fighter -mihklit, -mihkleid tikud, tikkude, tikke matches Estonian meals HommikuséGk breakfast is usually eaten quite early and at home, around 7 or 8 o'clock before people go to work. Very often the Estonian breakfast consists of véileivad open: sandwiches, which Gan be made with either juust cheese or vorst sausage. Leib bread means dark rye bread in Estonia, and the white wheat bread is called sal. Some people eat puder porridge or have a keedetud muna boiled egg to get something more substantial. During breakfast People usually drink kohv coffee, which, depending on how it is made, is called masinakohv (coffee made in coffee. machine) or kannukohv (coffee made in a pot). Lahustuv kohv instant coffee is not very popular in Estonia. Kohvijoomine coffee drinking continues at workplaces as most offices have coffee machines. Léuna funch is usually eaten between 12 and 2 o’clock and many restaurants and bars serve a paevameniiii menu of the day at teduced prices during this time. A proper \unch consists of three Courses: supp soup, praad main course (either meat, fish or chicken) €L 2° pnujroosd ay210 sey 8262 5 2 : : : * el and magustoit dessert. Often you see people drinking dairy products with their lunch like milk piim or keefir a sort of sour milk. Ohtusddk supper is eaten around 7 o'clock and at home most commonly people will drink tea and eat savoury bits and pieces like kartulisalat potato salad or pelmeenid dumplings filled with minced meat with marineeritud kurgid pickled cucumbers of seened mushrooms. There are many people who grow or collect their own herbs. so when visiting Estonian homes you might be offered taimetee herb tea made, for instance, from piparmant peppermint ‘ora mixture of herbs. The restaurants stay open until about midnight and in bigger cities you can find most ‘of the international dishes. Traditional Estonian cousine is heavily influenced by German cooking and therefore hapukapsas sauerkraut and sealiha pork are the most popular national dishes. DListening 3 Someone is buying presents in a souvenir shop. Listen to the dialogues and then complete Exercises 3-S. a Miiija Tere! Ostja Tere! Naidake palun mingeid ilusaid manguasju. Miija —Tidrukutele on meil vaga armsaid kasits! tehtud nukke ja poistele on igasuguseid puust manguasju. Ostja Kas need on Eestis tehtud? Midja On kill. Tulge vaadake neid ise, nil on parem valida. Ostja Vga tore. Ma votan need kaks. Siis ma sooviksin veel varvilisi kitinlaid. Miija —_‘Milliseid te tahate? Punaseld, rohelisi, kollaseid? Ostja Ma votan eri varve: kaks kollast, kaks punast ja kaks rohelist. MiGja ‘Tore, ma pakin need ra. Ostja Akki teil on ka ingliskeelseid eesti raamatuid? Midja Jah, méned on. Vaadake neid rijuleid seal. Ostja Ma vétan selle. Miija -Vaga tore. Kas veel midagi? Ostja Niidd on kéik. Miiija See teeb kokku kolmsada kaksteist krooni. Ostja Palun. Midja Ega teil kaht krooni ef ole? Mul ei ole tagasi anda. Ostja Kohe otsin. Palun. Maija Aitah. Tere, kas teil on mudgil eesti komme? Jah, siin letis on kdik eesti kommid. Millised on head? K6ik on head. Eriti head or idugi i head. nN muidugi ol i i Falun sils kilo erinevaid komme. ii feeme nil. Ma panen eri sorte, i mt , igat sorti sad: i. Kas te alkohoolseid jooke ka miiiite? “gram Jah, veinid on selles riiulis j Jah, is ja ka joaild oval iagenaet i ingemad alkohoolsed) Ostja Millseid eesti likédre teil on? ou Naadake, ilk eesti lik66rid on seal alumisel riiulil alun i, mi i Ma pa selle pudeli, mis maksab kaheksakiimmend Miija Kas see on k6ik? sa dah. Uhe kilekoti palun ka. ja aluin, Kas maksate kaardi 6i eee Roantign iga vi sularahas? Miija —Siia palun siis allkiri ka. See t&ekk jaab teile. Aitah méangu/asi, -asja, -asja, -asju toy armas, armsa, aca armsaid cute, sweet kasitsi tehtud hana jnukk. nuku, nukku, nukke — doll inade igasugu/ne, “se, -st,-seid any kind of, all kinds of _vali/ma, -da,-n to choose | varvili/ne, -se, -st,-si_ colourful areet, kitinla, kdtinalt, kiinlaid candle pakki/ma, ara pakki/da, to wrap up, to pack . paki/n ara ingliskeel/ne, -se, -set,-seid —_in English (language) acs see teeb kokku this will be all together jasi and/ma, tagasi and/a, to give back 7 anna/n tagasi comm, -i,-i,-e candy, s lett, leti, fetti, lette commer weet Sokolaadikomm, -i,-i,-e chocolate candy sort, sordi, sorti, sorte sort alkohool/ne, -se, -set, -seid 1 je jook, joogi, jooki, jooke oan ole . fik66r, -i,-i-e — Jiqueur alumi/ne, -se, -st, -si__ lower, bottom kaart, kaardi kaarti, kaarte here: bank card alvin, kia “kina kj sie i, -kirja, -kirja, -kirju ie tSekk, t&eki, tSekki, ‘sake fant 263 F # 3 5 —_ oo2 64 a = o 2 3 = 3 & & el Exercise 3 Listen to dialogue a and tick items the tourist is looking at and buying. kasitsi tehtud nukud puust manguasjad puust nukud punased kitiinlad sinised kitiinlad kollased kititinlad oOo rohelised kitinlad a valged kiiiinlad Oo Oo ingliskeelsed eesti raamatud eestikeelsed raamatud Oo0o00 Exercise 4 Listen to dialogue b and choose the correct answer. 1 Turist soovib osta a eesti komme, b eesti ploome. 2 Miiijja iitleb, et eriti head on a cesti kommid, b 8okolaadikommid. Ostja soovib osta a thesuguseid komme, b erinevaid komme. Ostja soovib osta a kaks kilo komme, b ithe kilo komme. Miiija paneb iga sorti a sada grammi, b kakssada grammi. Poest saab osta ka a veini, b piima. Ostja soovib osta a likdéri, b konjakit. Ta ostab pudeli, mis maksab a 80 krooni, b 90 krooni. Ostja maksab a kaardiga, b sularahas. w WOAH Oo Exercise 5 Choose the correct response. Listen to the recording to check your answers, 1 Kas nced on Eestis tehtud? a Onkiill. b V4ga tore. 2 Milliseid te tahtate? a Niiiid on kdik. b Ma voran selle. 3 Kas veel midagi? a Kohe otsin. b Niiiid on koik. 4 Ega teil kaht krooni ei ole? a Mul ei ole tagasi anda. b Kohe otsin. 5 Millised kommid on head? a K6ik on head. b Siin letis on koik eesti kommid. 6 Akki teil on ka eesti raamatuid? a Jah, méned on. b Tore, ma pakin need dra. 7 Kas maksate kaardiga voi sularahas? a Kaardiga. b Sia palun siis allkiri ka. @ Estonian souvenirs Typical Estonian souvenirs would be kudumid knitwear including colourful kapikud mittens, villased sokid wollen socks and kampsunid sweaters, which use the traditional Estonian folk patterns:and are practical and warm to wear in cold weather. Kasité6. handycraft made of linen or leather is also popular. Solid clothes racks and other items made by blacksmiths are traditional and typical to Estonia too. In souvenir shops you can find kiiinlajalg candlesticks carved out of paekivi limestone, which is the national rock of Estonia. Merevaik amber is also'sold widely, although amber is not found in Estonia. Don't forget to buy either a butter knife or chopping board for your kitchen made of kadakas juniper tree as it has a nice smell and is very durable. 265 E 2 3 ; 5 a — owa 26 5 g 3 $ & 2 3 2 el OListening 4 The following conversation takes place in the post office, Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises 6-7. Klient Tere! Palun Uks ilus mark eesti-sisesele kirjale, Postitédétaja — Millise ma annan? Klient Andke palun see Shupallidega mark. Postitéétaja See on kallim, see sobib rahvusvahelistele kirjadele. Klient Pole hullu, ma’ vétan ikka selle, mis sellest, et on kallim. Postitéétaja Kas veel midagi? Klient Kas te véiksite palun selle paki ara kaaluda? Postitéétaja Jah, see on ile poole kilo. Klient Ma soovin saata selle Inglismaale. Postitéétaja Mis siin sees on? Klient See on raamat. Postitédtaja_ © Ma paneksin ta igaks juhuks turvatmbriku sisse. See maksab kiimme krooni. Klient Vaga tore. Postitédtaja Niji kirjutage siia nurka saatja aadress [a sila saaja aadress. Klient Kas te saaksite mulle palun pastakat laenata? Postitédtaja Palun. Kas see laheb lennu- vdi maapostiga? Klient Kumb on kallim? Postitédtaja — Lennupost on ainult natukene kallim, aga pakk laheb kohale palju kiiremini. Klient Siis véiks ikka lennupost olla. Postitédtaja Sellisel juhul taitke palun veel see blankett. Ja siia kirjutage tanane kuupdev ja allkiri. Klient Kas ma blanketi pean taitma trikitahtedega? Postitéétaja Jah, olge nii kena. Nii, siin on t8ekk, see eksemplar jab teile. Hoidke see niikaua alles, kuni pakk on kohale joudnud. mark, margi, marki, marke eesti-sise/ne, -se, -st, -seid Kiri, Kirja, Kirja, kirju Ghupall, -i, -i, -e sobi/ma, -da, -b rahvusvaheli/ne, -se, -st, -si pole hulu v6tan ikka selle mis sellest ra kaalu/ma, ara kaalu/da, kaalu/n &ra iile poole kilo saat/ma, saat/a, saad/an sees raamat, -u, -ut, -uid igaks juhuks turvadmbrik, -u, -ut, -vid turvaiimbriku sisse nurk, nurga, nurka, nurki Saatja, -, -t, -id saaja, -,-t, -id pastakas, pastaka, pastakat, pastakaid n lennupost, -i, -i maapost, -i, -i kumb, kumma, kumba, kumbi tait/ma, tait/a, taida/n blankett, blanketi, blanketti, blankette tana/ne, -se, -st, -seid trilki/taht, -tahe, -tahte, -tahti olge nii kena eksemplar, -i, -i, -e alles hoid/ma, alles hoid/a, hoia/n alles niikaua kuni kohale jéud/ma, kohale joud/a, [6ua/n kohale stamp domestic (lit. inside Estania) letter balloon to sult international it's OK (slang) 1'll take it anyway here: in spite, although to weigh over haff a kilo to send inside book just in case Jiffy bag into a jiffy bag corner sender receiver ballpoint pen to borrow, to lend airmail regular mail which one fo fil in form today’s block letter be so kind copy, piece to keep as long as to get to 8 s &7* pnulAcoid ey9/0 sey el268 i e 3 5 6 Rib Pensions wre a) Exercise 6 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the sentences that follow are true or false, Klient soovib osta ihe postmargi rahvusvahelisele kixjale. Ta ostab Shupallidega margi. Ohupallidega mark on kallim ja sobib rahvusvahelisele kirjale, Kliendi pakk kaalub rohkem kui pool kilo. Klient soovib saata paki Inglismaale. Pakis on kaks raamatut. Turvaiimbrik maksab viisteist krooni. Klient peab kirjutama iimbrikule saarja ja saaja aadressi. Lennupost on kiirem ja kallim kui maapost. Klient saadab paki maapostiga. Klient peab taitma blanketi triikitahtedega. Tseki peab alles hoidma niikaua, kuni pakk on kohale jOudnad. GB Exercise 7 Choose the correct response. Listen to the recording to check your answers. 1 Millise postmargima annan?a Jah, see on iile kahe kilo. 2 Kas te voiksite selle paki b Jah, palun, pastakas on ara kaaluda? siin. 3 Mis siin sees on? c Lennupostiga. 4 Kas te saaksite mulle d= Jah, olge nii kena. palun pastakat laenata? 5 Kas see laheb lennu- voi se maapostiga? 6 Kas ma blanketi pean f tditma trikitahtedega? See on raamat. Andke iiks ilus mark eesti- sisesele kirjale. BAt the post office The opening hours of the post offices are the same as that of any Official establishment - from 9.00-18,00. The signs for postkontor post office and the postkast mailbox in Estonia are bright orange with blue text. Some of the words you might need in a post office are kiri fetter, postkaart postcard, iimbrik envelope, telegramm telegram, kuller courier. As internetikaubandus internet shopping and postimiidk catalogue shopping are popular forms of marketing products in Estonia; post offices are always busy. Language patterns Lahme kuhugi s6éma! Let’s go somewhere to eat! - indefinite pronouns and adverbs When we talk about things that are not concrete we use words like keegi somebody, miski something, kuskil somewhere, kunagi sometime in the necessary form. Just like other words these words also can take different endings. Some examples of usage kes? who? Kas keegi tahab sila? Does anyone want to eat? keda? whom? Kas sa nagid kedagi? Did you see anybody? kellele? to whom? ~— Ma andsin oma telefoni kellelegi. | gave my Phone to someone. Kellel? who has? Kas kellelgi on aega? Does anyone have some time? kellalt? from who? —_—-Kas sa Kilsisid kelleltki? Did you ask anyone? (lit. from anyone) kellega? with who? _ Kas sa raakisid kellegagi? Did you talk to someone? (lit. with someone) mida? what? Soovitage palun midagi head. Please suggest something good. Note that in order to make these forms we add -gi or -ki (next to s and t) to the end of the corresponding question i.e.; Kellele?+gi = kellelegi Kellelt?+ki = kelleltki etc. lit. to someone lit. from anyone Note that the pairs of words like somebody - anybody, something — anything, somewhere — anywhere, sometime — anytime are not differentiated in Estonian and we just use one word for each pair of words in English. 269 5 3 = 5 Ct 3 2 2 5 & — awEL em prunooid oysjo sy 8 kubu? where to? Lahme kuhugi sééma. Let's go somewhere to eat. kus? where? Kuskit siin majas peab olema kohvik, Somewhere in this house should be a coffee-shop. kust? where from? _‘Kas sa leidsid kuskilt meni? Did you find a menu anywhere? millal? when? Ma olin siin kunagi ammu. / was here sometime fong ago. In order to practise this grammar topic do Exercise 15 in the Let’s practise! section. Ma ei taha mitte kuhugi minna / don’t want to go anywhere - negative pronouns and adverbs In the negative sentence we also use the words keegi, miski, kuskil, kunagi in the necessary form. We can (but don’t have to) add the word mitte zo which will stress the negation. Note that double negation is permissible in Estonian, but note that it is not possible to say *Mitte keegi tahab siiiia as would be a straight translation from English. Some examples of usage (Mitte) keegi ei taha siitia. No one wants to eat. Ma ei ndinud (mitte) kedagi. / didn't see anyone. Ma ei andnud oma telefoni (mitte) kellelegi. / didn’t give my phone to anyone. (Mitte) kellelgi ei ole aega. No one has time. Ma ei kiisinud (mitte) kelleltki. / didn’t ask anyone. Ma ei raakinud (mitte) kellegagi. / didn’t talk to anyone. Ma ei oska (mitte) midagi soovitada. / can’t suggest anything. Ma ei taha (mitte) kuhugi minna. / don’t want to go anywhere (or | want to go nowhere). (Mitte) kuskil siin majas ei ole kohvikut. There isn’t a coffee shop anywhere in this house (or Nowhere in this house is a coffee shop). Ma é? leia (mitte) kuskilt mendiid. / don’t find a menu anywhere. Ma ei ole siin (mitte) kunagi olnud. / have never been here. Exercise 8 Choose the correct translation. 1 Kas keegi teab, kus on a I went once to a good restoran? restaurant. 2 Ma kaisin kunagi ithes b Does anyone have time to heas restoranis. come to the coffee shop with me? 3 Kuskil siin lahedal on tks oc I would like to have hea kohvik. something good to drink. 4 Kas kellelgi on aega koos d Does anyone know where minuga kohvikusse tulla? the restaurant is? 5 Matahaksin midagi head e No one wants to come to juua. the restaurant. 6 Mitte keegi ei taha f£ Somewhere near here is a restorani tulla. good coffee shop. 7 Maeitahakedaginaha. g I have never been to this restaurant, 8 Ma ci ole selles restoranis h I don’t want to see anyone. kunagi kainud. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 16 in the Let’s practise! section. Kas sa oled seda veini proovinud? Have you tried this wine? - present perfect As we have already discussed in Unit 9, the Estonian language has three past tenses: lihtminevik imperfect, taisminevik present perfect, enneminevik past perfect. In this unit we will discuss the usage of taisminevik the present perfect tense. The forms of the present perfect tense are as follows: Ma olen eesti veine proovinud. | have tried Estonian wines. Sa oled eesti veine proovinud. Ma ei ole eesti veine proovinud. {haven't tried Estonian wines. Sa ei ole eesti veine proovinud. You have tried Estonian wines. You haven't tried Estonian wines. Ta on eesti veine proovinud. Ta ei ole eesti veine proovinud. He/she has tried Estonian wines. He/she hasn't tried Estonian wines. Me oleme eesti veine proovinud. Me ei ole eesti veine proovinud. We have tried Estonian wines. We haven't tried Estonian wines. Te olete seda veine proovinud. _Te ei ole eesti veine proovinud. You have tried Estonian wines. You haven't tried Estonian wines. Nad on seda veine proovinud. Nad ei ole eesti veine proovinud. They have tried Estonian wines. They haven't tried Estonian wines. N a 5 a & s 2 z a x el272 5 a e z é Z 2 a. ” el The form of present perfect tense always consists of two words: the verb olema fo be in the present tense + nud form (the same as the negative form of imperfect). Some more examples of the present perfect tense: Ma olen siin iiks kord J have been here once varem ka kainud. before also. Ma olen kunagi seda veini I have tried this wine proovinud. sometime before. Ma ei ole siin mitte kunagi I have never been here before. varem olnud. . Ma ei ole varem seda I have not eaten this dessert magustoitu sdénnd. before. Note that in Estonian we may also use taisminevik in cases when in English the continuous tense is used j.c.: Ma olen sind kolm tundi I have been waiting for you oodanud. for 3 hours. Ma olen siin juba terve I bave been sitting here for the paeva istunud. whole day. Ma olen Eestis elanud ainult I have been living in Estonia moned kuud, for some months only. The simplest way to answer questions, which are in the present perfect tense, is just to say jah, olen kiill yes, J have or ei ole-no, 1 haven't. For instance: Have you eaten this kind of cake before? Kas sa oled sellist kooki varem s6Gnud? Jah, olen kiill. Yes, I have or Ei ole. No, I haven’t. Exercise 9 Make similar sentences. 1 Ma olen eesti keelt 6ppinud neli kuud. Sa. 6 Ta . 2 Maei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Sa .. . Ta. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 17 in the Let’s practise! section, @ Estonian holidays Vana-aastadhtu New Year's Eve The New Year's Eve is a big time for celebrations in Estonia. People gather at homes, restatirants or nightclubs to held parties which culminate in ilutulestik fireworks at midnight. Local municipalities have fireworks in most city centres and often different towns compete who will have the most expensive one. People open bottles of champagne and wish Head uut aastat! Happy New Year! to each other at midnight. A few minutes past midnight the Estonian president will give an annual speech broadcasted by the national television. Vastlapdev Shrove Tuesday In February bars and restaurants will all of a sudden ‘start serving vastlakuklid sweet buns filled with whipped cream and sprinkled with sugar powder. Another ancient Shrove Tuesday tradition, which is still very much alive in Estonia, is to go sledging. Vabariigi aastapdev (Eesti Vabariigi aastapaev fiseseisvuspdev)) independence Day The Estonian Independence Day is on 24 February and it marks the day in 1918 when Estonia declared independence. The blue, black and white national tricolors decorate houses and many people go to light candles in graveyards to commemorate those passed away in wars of the fast century. On the evening of the 24th, the President will hold a reception for significant Estonian persons, politicians and diplomats. Lihavéttepiihad Easter In Estonia only Suur reede Good Friday is a bank holiday. Colouring yellow eggs with onion skins and eating them on Easter Sunday Is a tradition in Estonia. To get an even brownish colour onion skins are just sprinkled in the water where the eggs are boiled. For a more artistic result people wrap onion skins around the eggs with some cloth and string to keep them jn place. This method results in very bright and mottled patterns. At the Easter table people knock the €ggs with the aim of breaking the other person’s eggshell and wish each other Haid lihavéttepihil Happy Easter! Emadepdev Mother's day Isadepaev Father's day Emadepaev is. celebrated on the second Sunday of May and Isadepaev on the second Sunday of November. No certain traditions Can be associated with these days - emme mom and issi dad are just given small presents and flowers. But there is another day when 273 F 3 & Zz g 3 5 & —- oo274 EF a. z 2 g 2 2 i be el some shops can run out of flowers: naistepaev the women's day on 8 March is when men buy flowers to show their respect to women. At some workplaces small parties are held. Jaanipaev Midsummer's day Jaanilaupaev Midsummer's eve on the 23rd of June is a bank holiday to mark the victory of Vénnu battle in the war of independence in 1919. It is also the second most important celebration besides Christmas, when all Estonians who can leave the city and gather in the countryside to light the jaanituli midsummer bonfire and dance and sing around it until the early morning hours. The sun only sets for a very short while and it is the only night when s6najalg the fern is said to blossom, the finder of which could expect great wealth and happiness. Eesti taasiseseisvumispdev Restoration day of independence There is one more bank holiday during the summer, taasiseseisvumispdev the new Independence Day to mark the restoration ‘of independent Republic of Estonia in 1991. Sometimes open-air rock concerts. are held with the repertoire consisting of national songs. Esimene koolipaev The first day of school September 1 is the day when all schools officially start. All the towns are milling with schoolchildren either in festive school uniforms that some schools have adapted or in white shirts and dark skirts and trousers carrying flowers to their teachers. Festive ceremonies are held in all schools to welcome the pupils back to school, Mardipdev St Martin’s day; Kadripaev St Catherine’s day On 9 and 24 November children in funny costumes go from house'to house expecting candy or biscuits in exchange for singing, dancing or reciting poems. This is to celebrate Mardipaev (10 November) and KadripSev (25 November) that traditionally were ancient peasant holidays. So if you hear behind your door some children reciting, singing and shouting do let them in and treat them with chocolate or candy. Jéulud Christmas Christmas in Estonia is primarily a family-centred holiday, when the old and'young gather to have a festive Christmas dinner besides the candle lit and decorated jéulukuusk christmas tree. The dinner takes place on jéululaupaev the day before Christmas, on 24 December. This is also the evening when jouluvana Santa Claus may pay a visit ta houses where children and, in this case, also adults are expected to recite a poem or sing a song in order to receive a present. Christmas dinner traditionally consists of seapraad roast pork or verivorstid black pudding accompanied with hapukapsad sauerkraut and pohlamoos cowberry jam. Another Christmas treat is piparkoogid gingerbread, which can be sugar-frosted for decoration. Weeks before jéulukaardid Christmas cards will have been mailed to friends and relatives with wishes like Rahulikke joule ja head uut aastat! Peaceful Christmas and a Happy New Year! On Christmas Eve Estonian graveyards will be lit up with candles to remember those who have passed away. Siinnipaev Birthday Sinnipdev birthday is an important day for Estonians, even for adults. Estonians do not celebrate nimepaev name day but friends, family and sometimes even colleagues do expect that the siinnipaevalaps birthday boy/girl will throw a birthday party. Often such parties are held at home where people gather to eat nice food including tort fancy cake and savoury dishes like kartulisalat potato salad etc, It is very common to give flowers to the siinnipaevalaps, and often also a small kingitus present which can be almost anything (starting from a book and ending with a bottle of alcohol for a man, for instance). To congratulate someone on their birthday you say Palju Onne siinnipZevaks! Juubel jubilees-are often celebrated in a bigger fashion, where especially the older generation will sing traditional songs at a long table and maybe even dance. People will dress up for such an occasion and buy more expensive presents for the jubilarian. Supp, supi, suppi — types of nouns In Unit 3 we breifly discussed typical sound changes in Estonian. Now we will have a closer look at some typical changes once more. Note that the sound changes do not occur in all Estonian words, yet in words where they do take place, usually the first, third and fourth form are similar and the second form differs. N NI a 5 8 2 é i g 5 5 Es el276 a 3 3 3 uz 3 S 2 ? i, —h oe Exercise 10 Study the words and fill in the missing forms. first form second form _ third form (nominative) (genitive) (partitive) I kk, pp, tt k, p,t kk, pp, tt nukk doll nuko nukku pakk parcel paki pakki tiekk receit teekisaeenes 3s supp soup supi trepp stairs setesesens kott bag koti blankett form blanketi I k, p,t gb, d k, p,t jook drink joogi mark badge, sign margi seep soap seebi karp box karbi toit food toidu tort cake tordi caneesneee pt kt - k,t kask birchtree kase kaske kuusk sprucetree ......... “ wevseverse leht leaf, sheet lebhe lehte vaht foam vahu seeeneanes Iv g, b,d _ gb, d siga pig sea siga lugu story Too ansennsee tuba room toa tuba luba permission 00 sepveaee praad roast _— prae praadi meat pood shop POC aeanene oo Note that in the fourth group the whole Fortunately, there aren’t many words like this. fourth form (plural partitive) kk, pp, tt nukke pakke word changes. Ma s6é6n kooki. Ma sé6n koogi dra / am eating the cake. | will eat the cake up - object . Naine tab 'y _,Rookt, Deg, Aimee, ig Baling Cake, Note that when we talk about an (continous) action that is taking place or that took place, the third form in the singular is used. When we talk about the result of an action, the second form is used. Singular Jam doing something. have done something. | have third form (partitive singular) finished something. second farm (genitive singular) ‘Sa sd6d suppi. You are eating soup. Sa sdid supi ara. You ate the soup up. Ma joon Glut. / am drinking beer. Ma j6in ole ara. | drank the beer up. Ta loeb raamatut. He/she is reading Ta luges raamatu labi. He/she read a book, the book through. Note that when we indicate that something has been done (the result is achieved) or is finished, we often add words like ara, labi, ie. Ma sdin supi ara I ate the soup up etc. 277 5 2 s 3 $ & % —_ ew278 5 ° & @ E 5 & x el Exercise 11 Choose the correct translation. I am eating soup. a. Ma'sd6n suppi. b Ma s6in supi ara. leat the soup up. a Ma sé6n suppi. b Ma séin supi ara. He drank the tea up. a Ta joob teed. b Ta j6i tee ara. We eat the bread up. a Me sd6me leiva ara. b Me soime leiva ara. Did you eat ice cream? a Kas sa sdid jaatist? b Kas sa sdid jaatise ara? In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 18 in the Let’s Practise! section. a WHE Plural Unfortunately, words in singular and plural behave differently, so when we talk about an (continous) action that is taking place or took place we use the fourth form with words in the plaral. lam doing something. have done something/| have partitive singular finished something. plural nominative Ma sé6n kipsiseid. Ma sGin kipsised ara. 1am eating cookies. ! ate the biscuits up. Me joome erinevaid veine. Me {dime k6ik veinid dra. We are drinking different wines. | We drank ail the wines up. Sa loed neid raamatuid. Sa lugesid k6ik raamatud labi. You are reading these books. You read all the books through. When we talk about the result of an action we use plural nominative (the second form + d). Note that the same applies to sentences which indicate future, ie. in Estonian the verb is in the present tense: I will drink the beer up. I will eat the soup up. I will read the book through. Ma joon Olle ara. Ma sé6n supi ara. Ma loen raamatu labi, Exercise 12 Underline the sentences in which the activity is finished. 1a Ta s6éb salatit. b Ta soi salati ara. 2a Nad jdid konjaki ara. b Nad joovad konjakit. 3 a Ta luges raamatud labi, b Ta loeb raamatuid. 4 a Ta kirjutab téekki. b Ta kirjutas tieki. 5 a Ta koristas korteri ara. b Ta koristab korterit, 6 a Ta luges ajalehed Jabi. b Ta loeb ajalehti. 7 a Ta koristab tube. b Ta koristas toad ara. Pronunciation Words like mahl juice, vein wine, tool chair etc. have similar second and third forms i.e. their spelling is exactly the same. In spoken language, the second and third form are pronounced slightly differently, ie. some sounds in the third form are more stressed. It will take the some time before you will be able to differentiate and pronounce the forms like Estonians do. Still, don’t worry — most of the time the context will help others to understand you anyway, even if your pronunciation isn’t perfect. GO Exercise 13 Listen to the sentences and repeat. The sounds to stress more are given in. bold. kolmas vorm third form, pronounced longer with more stress Joon mahla. 1 am drinking juice. Joon piima. I am drinking milk. Joon veini..[ am drinking wine. Joon kohvi, 1 ant drinking coffee. Sdn kommi, I am eating candy. Sé6n Guna, I'am eating apple. S66n banaani. I am eating banana. teine yorm’ Second form, pronounced shorter with less stress Joon mahla ara. J drink the juice up. Joon. piima ara. 1 drink the milk up. Joon veini ara. I drink the wine up. Joon kohvi ara, I drink the coffee up. Sdn kommi dra. 7 eat the candy up. S66n Suna dra. | eat the apple up. $66n banaani ara. I eat the banana up. N I o 5 2 o ; = a é el280 g : : a = oo Go Exercise 14 Underline the words that need to be pronounced longer and with more stress. Listen and check. 1 a Ma joon mahla. b Ma joon mahla ara. 2 a Ma s66n kommi ara. b Ma séén kommi. 3a Ma valin palli valja, b Ma valin palli. 4 a Ma joon veini ara. b Ma joon veini. 5 a Ma joon piima. b Ma joon piima ara. 6 a Ma sé6n Guna ara. b Ma s66n Guna. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 19-20 in the Let’s practise! section. Let’s practise! Exercise 15 Choose the correct form. Lahme kuskil/kuskile sé6ma. Kuskil/kuskilt siin on tiks hea kohvik. Ma ei leia seda kohvikut kuskile/kuskilt. Mitte keegi/kedagi ei joo Slut. Kas sa raakisid kellelgi/kellegagi? Kas sa oled siin kunagi/keegi varem kdinud? Awbwne o Exercise 16 Give a negative answer, then listen to check, The first one is done for you. Kuhu sa tahad s66ma minna? - Mitte kubugi. Kus siin lahedal on restoran? - Kes tellis Slut? — Mida sa siiiia soovid? Kellega sa raakisid? Kellel on raha? - . Milla! sa raha tagasi soovid saada Kellele sa helistasid? — ... SNQKUAwWNe Exercise 17 Answer the questions positively and then negatively. Then do the exercise once more and.answer the questions truthfully! 1 Kas te olete Tartus kainud? .. 2 Kas tevolete eesti Slut joonud? 3 Kas te olete eesti toite proovinud? ... 4 Kas te olete eesti keele kursusel kainud? 5 Kas te olete eesti muusikat kuulanud? 6 Kas te olete ndinud eesti filme? . 7 Kas te olete caakinud eesti keeles? 8 Kas te olete kirjutanud eesti keeles? 9 Kas te olete lugenud eesti ajalehti 10 Kas te olete eesti keelt Sppinud? Exercise 18 Choose the correct form, 1 Ma joon Slle/élut. Ma joon 6lle/dlut ara. Sa jood konjaki/konjakit. $a jood konjaki/konjakit ara. Me s6éme prae/praadi ara. Te loete meniiii/meniiiid, 10. Te loete meniiii/meniiiid labi. 11 Nad loevad lehe/lebte. 12 Nad loevad lehe/lehte Labi. CANIAKXRLH Exercise 19 Choose the correct form. 1 Ma kirjutan meile/meilid. 2 Ma kirjutan meile/meilid valmis. 3 Sa koristad tube/toad. 4 Sa koristad tube/toad ara. 5 Ta loeb ajalehti/ajalehed. 6 Ta luges ajalehti/ajalehed Labi, 7 Me joome huvitayaid jooke/huvitavad joogid. 8 Me joome huvitavaid jooke/huvitavad joogid ara. 9 Me s66me haid pirukaid/head pirukad. 10 Me sdéme haid pirukaid/head pirukad ara. Exercise 20 Use the words in brackets in the correct form. Use the third form. Then write the sentences in plural (use the fourth form). = 28 & & 3 § s 2 5 S El282 E 2 S z 3 3 s 5 & *s —, oo Naidake palun (see manguasi) . Naidake palun (see punane kiiiinal Niaidake palun (see ingliskeelne raamat) Niaidake palun (see eestikeelne raamat) . Naidake palun (see suur nukk) ... Naidake palun (see ilus manguasi) . DAWN Let’s communicate! Ga Exercise 21 You meet an Estonian friend in town who has invited you out for a meal. Now you are studying the menu and discussing what to have. Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. After you have completed the dialogue, listen and check. Sina Ask Have you been in this restaurant sometime before too? Sdber Jah, viimati kdisin kaks nadalat tagasi koos abikaasaga. Ma oskan toitusid soovitada! Sina Ask Have you tried this soup? Sdber Jah, see supp on hea, aga portsjon on vaga suur. Sina Say Then I will have some kind of roast. Ask What will you have? Sdber Ma votan grillitud kana friikartulitega. Sina Say I will also take grilled chicken and French fries. S6ber Kas joome veini ka? Sina Say I would prefer beer. Sdber Kas sa eesti dlut oled maitsnud? Sina Say No I have never drunk Estonian beer before. Sdber Votame siis kaks pudelit cesti Slut. Kuidas oleks mingi magustoiduga? Sina Say I’m probably not able to eat dessert now. Sdber Vdib-olla tellime siis magustoitu ja kohvi hiljem. Sina Say Yes, let’s do so. Gexercise 22 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation, You are in a souvenir shop looking for something to take back home. After you have completed the dialogue, listen to the recording and check. Miiija Tere! Sina Say Helio! Ask Do you have on sale some kind of hand-made toys? Miiiija Jah, meil on vaga ilusaid kasitsi tehtud nukke. Sina Ask Are these made in Estonia? Miiijja On kall. Sina Say J will take these two. Tore, ma pakin need dra. Kas see on kGik? Sina Say Yes; one plastic bag also please. Miiiija See teeb kokku sada kaheksakiimmend krooni. Kas maksate sularahas voi kaardiga? Sina Say In cash, please. Miiija ga teil iiht krooni ei ole? Sina Say Let me see now. Say Please. Mitija = Aitah, DExercise 23 Complete this dialogue by filling in the missing lines of conversation. You are at the post office trying to send a CD (CD-plaat) to England. After you have completed the dialogue listen to the recording and check. Postitédtaja Tere! Mida teile? Sina Ask Could you please weigh this parcel? Postitédtaja Jah, kohe. See on sada viiskiimmend grammi. Sina Say I wish to send it to England. Postité6taja_ Mis siin sees on? Sina Say It is a CD, Postitéétaja_ Ma panen ta igaks juhuks turvaiimbriku sisse. Sina Ask how much it costs. Postitédtaja. Viis krooni. Kas see laheb lennu- voi maapostiga? Sina Ask Which one is more expensive? Postité6taja__ Leninupost on umbes kiimme krooni kallim. Sina Say Then it could be the regular mail. Postité6taja —_ Kirjutage palun siia nurka saatja aadress ja siia saaja andmed. Sina Ask With block letters? Postitéétaja Jah, olge nit kena. Kas maksate kaardiga voi sularahas? Sina Say With card. Postitéstaja Sia palun allkiri. Hoidke tiekk niikaua alles, kuni pakk on kohale jéudnud. 283 5 8 2 $ ae 2 8 5 £ = *» —_k w10S j06 $,19| D_Listening 1 285 A tourist is asking for directions. Listen to the dialogue and then & complete Exercises 1-2 below. g Turist Vabandage, kas te teate, kus siin on lahim a raamatukauplus? Vé6ras Las ma métlen. Siin lahedal ei olegi vist raamatukauplust. Te peate kesklinna s6itma. Turist Millega? Vodéras KGige kiiremini saate trolliga. Trollipeatus on kohe siin lahedal. Turist Kas lahen otse éedasi? V6oras: Jah, minge otse mééda seda tanavat kuni jargmise ristmikuni. Seal pé6rake paremale. Turist: Nii, VG6ras: Sealt paistavad méned suured telliskivimajad, minge nendest mééda, Siis juba naete isegi, et kus see peatus on, Turist Mis number trolliga ma minema pean? VGéras Vist enamik trolle laheb kesklinna, aga mina ise sdidan tavaliselt Ghega véi kahega. Turist Kas see peatus.on samal teepoolel v6i pean minema ile tee? Vo6ras Peatus on ikka samal teepootel. Turist Kui kaua see troll siis kesklinna sdidab? VG6ras Umbes pool tundi. Kui te juba tihest suurest kahe torniga kirikust mééda sdidate, siis oletegi kesklinnas. Uks raamatupood on sealsamas hurga peal, peaaegu trollipeatuse juures. Turist Aitah! Ma piitian diles leida. ouwep lahim, -a, -at, -aid the closest raamatukauplus, -e, -t,-i | 600kstore Siin lahedal ei clegi vist There isn’t a bookstore raamatukauplust. near here. kéige kiiremini —_ the fastest lahedal close otse edasi straightforward mééda along, by, also: past In this unit you will learn something + how to ask for and give m6éda seda tanavat along: this street directions. kuni = up ‘to, until « how to hire acar jargmi/ne, -se, -st,-seid next + how to get around Estonia ristmik, =u, -ku,-ke crossing.jowreplos B minge kuni jargmise ristmikuni pdéra/ma, -ta, -n paremale paist/ma, -a, -ab méni, méne, mond, monesid minge nendest médda nage/ma, nah/a, née/n Siis juba nete isegi, et kus ‘see peatus on. enamik, -u, -ku, -ke sama, sama, sama, samu samal teepoolel ile ile tee kui kaua? umbes: torn, -|, -i, -e kirik, -u, -ut, -uid Siis oletegi kesklinnas. sealsamas nurga peal Peaaegu piitid/ma, piitid/a, piiia/n iiles leid/ma, illes leid/a, leia/n dles go up to the next crossing to turn to the right to be seen, to be visible some go past these to see. Then you will see yourself where the stop is. most same at the same side of the road across, over across the road how long? about tower church Then you will already be in the town centre. at the very same place, here: just there: ‘on the comer almost to try to find Exercise 1 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the sentences that follow are a true or b false, 1 Turist tahab minna turule. 2 Tarist peab sditma kesklinna. 3 Turist peab sditma trolliga. 4 Trollipeatus on lahedal. 5 Turist peab minema otse kuni jargmise ristmikuni ja podrama seal paremale. 6 Kindlasti saab kesklinna trolliga number iiks ja kolm. 7 Peatus on samal teepoolel. 8 Troll sdidab kesklinna umbes tund aega. 9 Kesklinnas on suur kahe torniga kirik. 10 Raamatupood on trollipeatuse juures. Exercise 2 Choose the corréct translation. 1 lahim raamatukauplus a the closest bookstore b the boosktore is close kohe siin lahedal a close hereby b I will go at once otse edasi a straight forward b next to m@éda seda tanavat a pass this road b along this road kuni jargmise ristmikuni a at the next crossing b until the next crossing 6 pédrake paremale a turn right b turn left 7 minge nendest majadest mééda a go pass these houses b go up to these houses 8 samal teepoolel a the same side of the road b the opposite 9 Ube side of the road iile tee a accross the road b-along the road 10 nurga peal a behind the corner b on the corner D_istening 2 Tuuli has asked Ivar to come over but Ivar is unable to find Tuuli’s house. He makes a phone call to ask for directions. Listen to the dialogue and the complete Exercises. 3-4 below. lvar Tere, Tuuli. Hakkasin sinu juurde tulema, aga ma ei leia kuidagi sinu maja les. Tuuli Kus sa oled? lvar — Ostukeskuse juures. Tuuli Ahah, Siis tule kGigepealt ile tanava ja pddra vasakule. Kas sa paremat katt vdikest parki néed? War Jah. Kas lahen [abi pargi? Tuuli Ei, tule médda seda tanavat otse edasi. War Jah, niitid paistab ees mingi manguvaljak. Kas lahen selleni valja? Tuuli Manguvaljak? Kuule, sa tulid vist valele poole. Pééra palun umber ja mine tuldud teed tagasi, Ivar — Oeh. Ma votan parem takso. Sa tead ju, et ma vihkan jalgsi kaimist! Tuuli Ara muretse, ma hakkasin sulle juba vastu tulema. Ma muide juba naen sind! War Ah seal sa oledki! Tere! 8 jowepios:jaurepigs g ostukeskus, -e,-t,-i | shopping centre vasakule to the left paremat katt on the right hand park, pargi, parki, parke park \abi = through labi pargi through the park manguvaljak, -u, -ut, -uid playground Kas Idhen selleni valja? Shai! go up to it? vale, -,-t,-sid wrong pool, -e,-t,-i side iimber pddra/ma, to turn around Umber pééra/ta, pdéra/n imber tagasi mine/ma, tagasi minn/a, to go back \ahe/n tagasi mine tuldud teed tagasi go back the way you:came vihka/ma, viha/ta, vihka/n fo hate muretse/ma, -da,-n to worry vastu tule/ma, vastu tul/a, to come ta meet tule/n vastu muide Ah seal sa oledki! by the way Ah, there you are! Exercise 3 ‘Tuuli is instructing Ivar how to find her home. In the dialogue you hear some landmarks they discuss. Read the following list and tick the landmarks you hear. kahe torniga kirik manguvaljak ostukeskus raamatupood suured teiliskivimajad taksopeatus trollipeatus vaike park Oooooooogu Exercise 4 Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer. 1 Ivar on ostukeskuse juures/taga. , i 2 Tuuli iitleb: Tule kéigepealt tile tamava ja pddra vasakule/paremale. 3. Ivar kiisib: Kas lahen abi pargi/pargist médda? 4 Tuuli utleb: Mine tagasi./Tule otse edasi. 5 Ivar kiisib: Kas lahen méanguvaljakuni?/Kas méanguvaljakust mééda? 6 Tuulli iitleb: Sa tulid valele poole./Sa tulid digele poole. 7 Tuuli iitleb: Pédra palun iimber./Mine otse edasi. 8 Ivar itleb: Ma tulen parem bussiga./Ma votan parem takso. 9 Ivar iitleb: Ma armastan/vihkan jalgsi kaimist! 10 Tuuli iitleb: Ara muretse!/Pole viga! 11 Tuuli iitleb: Ma hakkasin sulle vastu tulema/vastu sditma. 12 Tuuli atleb: Tule siia!/Ma juba nden sind! 13 Ivar iitleb: Ah sina see oledki! /Ah seal sa oledki! laben DB Listening 3 A client is talking to an attendant in a car rental bureau. Listen to the dialogue and then complete Exercises 5-6. Klient Tere! Ma sooviksin autot rentida. On see véimalik? Teenindaja dah, muidugi. Teil peab ainult olema kehtiv juhiluba Ja pass. Rendihind tuleb krediitkaardiga ette maksta. Klient Mul on juhistaazi tapselt kaks aastat. Kas sellest plisab? Teenindaja Piisab kill. Me sélmimeteiega muidugi ka lepingu, seal on k6ik tingimused kirjas. Klient Ja mis hinnaga te rendite? Teenindaja See sdltub sellest, millist autot te soovite ja kui kauaks, Klient Mul oleks ndadalavahetuseks vaja_niisugust suuremat pereautot. Teenindaja Kas te soovite automaatkdigukastiga masinat voi tavalist? Klient Tegelikult on mul tikskéik. Teenindaja Siis ma soovitaksin teile nditeks seda viie uksega diiipi. Selle! on automaatkaigukast ja konditsioneer ka. Klient Ahah. Aga meilon peres ka vaike laps. Kas masaan ka turvaistme rentida? Teenindaja Jah, seda saab kill vaikese lisatasu eest, Klient Vaga tore. Kas ma pean auto siia tagasi tooma véi oleks vdimalik see ka ménes teises finnas tagastada? Teenindaja Meil on kontorid kGikides suuremates linnades. 8 jewepiosjeweplos 8 Klient Vaga tore. Teenindaja Olge nii kena taitke palun see ankeet ara ja siis vaatame auto le. véimalik, -u, -ku, -ke renti/ma, renti/da, rendi/n teenindaja, -, -t, -id kehtiv, -a, -at, -aid juhi/luba, -loa, -luba, -lube pass, -i, -i, -e rendi/hind, -hinna, -hinda, -hindu krediit/kaart, -kaardi, -kaarti, -kaarte ette maks/ma, ette maks/ta, maksa/n ette tuleb ette maksta juhistaadz, -i, -i tapselt piisa/ma, -ta, -b. kas sellest piisab? s6lmi/ma, -da, -n leping, -u, -ut, -uid tingimus, -e, +t, -i on kirjas kui kauaks? vaja ole/ma, vaja oll/a, on vaja niisugu/ne, -se, -st, -seid pereauto, -, -t, -sid automaatkaigukast, masin, -a, -at, -aid dikskoik diiip, dziibi, dziipi, dziipe konditsioneer, -i, -i, -e turva/iste, -istme, -istet, -istmeid fisatasu, -, -, -sid lisatasu eest tagasi too/ma, tagasi tuu/a, too/n tagasi mini, mGne, ménd, monesid tagasta/ma, -da, -n kontor, -i, -it, -eid tait/ma, tait/a, taida/n ankeet, ankeedi, ankesti, ankeete iile vaata/ma, ijle vaada/ta, vaata/n tile possible to rent, hire tender, attendant valid driving licence passport rental price credit card to pay in advance has to be paid in advance driving experience exactly to be enough is that enough? to conclude (a contract) contract condition here: are written for how long? to be needed this kind family car automatic gearbox here: car all: the same jeep air conditioner safety seat (for baby) extra cost for extra cost to bring back some to return, to bring. back office to fill in form here: to have a look Exercise 5 Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following sentences are a true or b false. 4 Klient soovib bussi rentida. 2 Kliendil peab olema kehtiv juhiluba. 3 Rendihind tuleb krediitkaardiga ette maksta. 4 Piisab, kui on iiks aasta juhistaazi. 5 K6ik tingimused on kirjas rendilepingus, 6 Rendihind sélrub sellest, millist autot klient soovib ja kui kauaks. 7 Klient soovib rentida autot nadalavahetuseks. 8 Klient soovib kindlasti autot, millel on automaatkdigukast. 9 Klient soovib vaiksemat pereautot. 10 Teenindaja soovitab kliendile viie uksega diiipi. 11 Sellel dziibil on tavaline kaigukast ja ka konditsioneer. 12 Kliendi peres on vaike laps. 13 Klient soovib rentida turvaistet. 14 Auto saab tagastada ka mones teises linnas. Exercise 6 Choose the correct translation, 1 I would like to hire a car. a Ma sooviksin autot rentida. b On see véimalik? 2 You have to have a valid driving licence. a Teil peab olema kehtiv pass. b Teil peab olema kehtiv juhiluba. 3 The cost of rental has to be paid in advance with a credit card. a Mul on juhistaazi rapselt kaks aastat. b Rendihind tuleb krediitkaardiga ette maksta. 4 Is this enough? a Kas-sellest piisab? b Mis hinnaga te rendite? 5 It depends on which kind of car you would like. a See sdltub sellest, millist autot te soovite, b Mul oleks vaja niisugust suuremat pereautot. jowepios = =>Os: 6 Would you like to have a car with automatic gearbox? a Kas te soovite automaatkdigukastiga masinat? b Kas sellel on automaatkaigukast ka? 7 In fact, it is all the same for me. a Olge nii kena. b Tegelikult on mul iikskoik. 8 You can have it for little extra cost. a Ma tahaksin rentida turvaistme. b Seda saate vaikese lisatasu eest. 9 Please fill in this form. a Palun yaatame niiiid auto iile. b Palun taitke see ankeer ara. @ At the petrol station The bensiinijaam or tankla petro! station can be-either self-service operated by pangakaart bank card and paberraha bank notes or a manned station where one can also find a shop and sometimes even a bar or coffee shop. Some words you might need in a petrol station are bensiin petrol or fuel, diisel diese/. (Mootori)éli is o//, aku is battery, pidurid is brakes. If you need a car wash, look for autopesula. If you need to pump your tyres, look for 6hk air, Some of the most common problems that might occur on your car are; tuli ei pale the light is not working auto ei kdivitu the car won't start aku on tihi the battery is flat kumm on katki the tyre is flat liliti ei t66ta the switch does not work Turvavédéd seatbelts are obligatory in Estonia both in front and back seats, also babies and small children have to have turvaiste safety seat of their own. Be aware that during dusk and dawn animals like roe deer and elk can cross roads.and also smaller animals like foxes and hedgehogs cause hazards on the road. In the spring, signs are put up to warn drivers of migrating frogs. Language patterns Minge ile tee ja labi pargi Go across the road and through the park The most common expressions for asking and giving directions are as follows: Vabandage, kuidas ma saan ... Excuse me, how can | go to ... 1... Viru tanavale to Virw street/Rackoja platsile to Raekoja squarelturule to. the marketlOismiele to Oismae (a district in Tallinn)! Vabaduse valjakule to Vabaduse square? 2... Viru keskusesse to Viru centre/ ujulasse to a swimming pool / kunstimuuseumisse to an art museum? 3... kesklinna to the city centre/ilikooli to the university! Kosmose kinno to the cinema ,,Kosmos”/Kadriorgu to Kadriorg (a park in Tallinn){bussijaama to the bus station? 4... mere aarde to the seaside/ Estonia teatri juurde to the Estonia theatre? ‘As you can see the names of the locations can have three different endings: -le (the first group), -sse (the second group), no endings, i.e, the short form (third group). Also the postpositions can be used (the fourth group). In order to give and understand directions you need to know some important words, Ule Across Minge ... go tile tee across the roadliiile valjaku across the square/iile platsi across the squareliile tinava across the roadf tile raudtee across the railwayliile silla across the bridge. Note that with the word iile across we use the second form. Labi Through Minge ... go labi pargi through the forestMlabi varava through the gate/labi tunneli through the tunnelabi metsa through the forest. Note that with the word Labi through we use the second form. 8 o jowepios —_b =jawepigs 8 MGéda (1) By, along Minge ... go mOéda seda tanavat by (along) this streetimo6da Viru tanavat by (along) Viru street. Note that with the word mééda by, along we use the third form, Mééda (II) Past Minge suurest kirikust médéda past the big church. Minge vaikesest poest moda past the small shop. With the word mééda we use the ending -st. Note that the word mééda has two different meanings! Kuni Up to, as far as Minge ... go kuni jargmise ristmikuni #p to the next crossing/ kuni kollase majani up to the yellow house. Note that with the word kuni uf to, as far as we use the ending oni. You may also need the following expressions: Pébrake (keerake) paremale. Turn right. Pédrake (keerake) vasakule. Turn left. Minge otse. Go straight. Minge edasi. Go onwards. Minge tagasi. Go backwards. See on nurga peal. It is on the corner. See on kohe trollipeatuse juures. It is by the trolleybus stop. Paremat katt on vaike park. On the right band there is a small park. Vasakut katt on mets. On the left hand there is a forest. Siis oletegi kohal. Then you will be there. See on iisna kaugel. It is quite far. Sinna on umbes viis kilomeetrit. It is about five kilometres away. (lit. to there it is about five kilometres). See on lahedal. Sinna on paarsada meetrit. It is close. It is couple of hundred metres away. In order to practise this grammar topic-further do Exercise 10 in the Let's Practise! section. Ma sdidan kollase autoga / drive.a yellow car We have already learnt that a pronoun, adjective and noun belonging together in a sentence have the same endings, for instance: Ma istun selles kollases autos. I am sitting in this yellow car. Yet you need to remember four endings to which this rule does not apply: -ni, minge selle kaupluseni (not: “selleni kaupluseni). Go up to this shop. -na, ta on tuntud hea ajakirjanikuna (not: *heana ajakirjanikuna). He is known as a good journalist. -ta, lahen reisile ilma suure kotita (not: *ilma suureta kotita) 1 will go on a trip without a big bag. -ga, sdidan selle kollase autoga (not: *sellega kollasega autoga) I drive this yellow car. As you can see, these endings are added to the noun only and all the other words are just in the second form. More examples of usage: singular plural oni Séitke suure_kollase_majani. Sditke suurte_ kollaste_majadeni. milleni? Drive up to a big yellow house. Drive up to big yellow houses. up to what? ona ‘Ta on tuntud hea_autojuhina. Nad on tunrud heade_ kellena? He/She is known as a autojuhtidena. good driver. They are known as good drivers. Tima tapse_kaardita sa seda kohta ei leia. Without a. precise map you will not find this place. Tima tapsete_kaartideta te neid. kohti ei leia, Without precise maps you will not find these places, Ma raagin kalli_sdbraga. Ttalk with a dear friend. Ma tédtan hea_arvutiga. with who? I work on a good computer. with what? Ma riigin kallite_ sépradega. T talk with dear friends. Ma tédtan heade_ arvutitega. T work on good computers. es B a jowepyjewepigs 3 Exercise 7 Add the correct endings, as necessary. Selle_ tanaval on palju kauplusi. Minge kuni selle_ suare_ ristmikuni. Selle_ uue_ kaupluses on hea valik, Ta raagib oma uue_ naabriga. Me tuleme sinu juurde ilma vaiksema_ lapseta. Kas te tulete koos oma vaikese_ koeraga? Meie vaikese_ koerale ei meeldi autoga sdita. NOW WNe In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercises 11-12 in the Let’s practise! section. @ Getting around Estonia Estonia stretches about 240 km from north to south and 350 km from east to west. The total area is about 45 000 square kilometers. People from larger countries find it very strange that there are in fact no-distant places in Estonia — you can travel everywhere within a day, in fact four or five hours is enough to get comfortably from one end of Estonia to the other. The northernmost point is the island of Vaindloo in the Baltic sea and on the mainland the Purekkari peninsula. The most southern point is ‘the village of Naha, In the west the farthest island is Nootamaa, the most north-eastern point the town of Narva. Administratively Estonia is divided into 15 maakond counties. All counties are divided into smaller vald municipalities. You need to take praam the ferry to get to the Estonian islands like Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Vormsi etc. Everything on the mainland is accessible by car, asfalttee asphait roads connect all cities and bigger villages and are reasonably well signposted. Still, it is very useful to purchase a teedeatias road atlas when travelling in Estonia by car as sometimes it can be difficult to find the right road out of town, An updated road atlas is published almost every year and can be bought at a bigger bensiinijaam petro! station or bookshop. There is an extensive network of kruusatee gravel road connecting the more remote villages, during the winter some of them can be difficult to access. If you are in Estonia during the winter and feel really adventurous, check if some of the jaatee ice roads are open. During cold winters some of the Estonian islands (like Saaremaa, Vormsi, Kihnu etc.) can be driven to by car over the frozen sea. The ice roads can be used only during daytime and you have to follow strict rules concerning the weight of your car, driving speed etc, Rong train can be used to travel between the bigger cities like Tallinn; Tartu and Narva, but the most common way to travel is by buss buss. Ekspressbuss express buses are faster, but if you have plenty of time you can also use the ordinary buses. The tickets are either sold at the bus station or bought stralght from the driver. Nowadays some of the buses and trains running between the two biggest cities Tallinn and Tartu also pravide Wifi connection. The internal flights in Estonia are almost nonexistent as there are just some small lines operating which take people to the islands of Estonia. Hiiumaa. Sditma, sdita, sdidan - types of verbs ‘We have already studied the sound changes that take place in nouns and adjectives. Similar changes also take place in verbs. The sound changes that take place in verbs are of two types: + either the first and second form are similar and the third form differs, for instance lugema, lugeda, loen * the first and third form are similar and the second form differs, for instance ootama, oodata, ootan. We will have a closer look atsome most typical groups of verbs, Fill in the blanks. jewepiosjowepios 8 —_ Sa Ikk~k, pp-p, tt-t first form second form kukkuma to fall leppima to agree ave hakkama to start hakata rutrama to hurry votma to take katma to cover paseacenecenteves third form kukun hakkan Ik-g,p—b,t-d first form second form sditma to drive sdita voitma to wir vaatama to look ootama to wait nditama to show Il k disappears, t disappears first form second form pihkima to wipe pihkida mahtuma to fit savensenmenaccode oskama to know how osata to, to can kohtama to meet third form pihin IV g disappears, b disappears, d disappears first form second form {ugema to read lugeda pidama to keep pidada pitiidma to try piliida leidma to find leida joudma to reach, to jouda third form Joen pean piiian leian jéuan @ The weather The temperature in Estonia varies widely, being typically 15-18 G during the summer months and -4--6 C in ‘the winter. The fluctuations of the temperature in the winter can be quite drastic, literally - -22 C in the moming can rise to +10 C by the evening. Valge aeg daylight time in the summer is about 20 hours, the shortest day in the winter pime aeg time without daylight lasting only for 6 hours. The easiest way to describe the weather is to say Ilm on ilus The weather is beautiful or iim on halb The weather is bad. You can also say Tana on ilus ilm The weather is beautiful today or Tana on kole ilm The weather is horrible today. Some more expressions to describe the good weather are: paike paistab the sun is shining, taevas on selge the sky /s clear, tana on soe ilm the weather is warm today, sooja on kakskiimmend viis kraadi or tina on kaksktimmend viis kraadi sooja the temperature is 25 degrees (above zero), tina on kuum ilm the weather is hot today. Some expressions to describe the weather that’s not so good are: taevas on pilves the sky is clouded over, valjas on tugev tuul it is very windy outside. (lit. there is strong wind outside.). We can aslo say Puhub tugev/keskmine/nork tuul. Strong/moderate/weak wind is blowing, kiiima on kiimme kraadi or tana on kiimme kraadi kiilma the temperature is 10 degrees (below zero). Sajab vihma it is raining (lit. it is raining rain), sajab lund it is snowing (lit. itis raining snow), sajab lértsi it is raining sleet, sajab rahetit is hailing. (lit. it is raining hail). Note that the third form is used with the word sajab. When it is raining we can just say Sajab. ft is raining. without adding the word vihm rain. The really bad weather is called koerailm lit. dog’s weather, The word for icicle is jaapurikas, sometimes in the winter you can see warning signs indicating that icicles are being cleared from buildings. Minge otse edasi Go straight forward — plural imperative We have learnt in Unit 3 how to-express a request or wish. This grammatical form is called the imperative. In this unit we will have a closer look on how to form the plural forms of the imperative.JowEpIOS 8 Exercise 8 Study the forms and fill in the blanks. T second form, ending -da plural imperative, plural imperative, ending -ge negative form lugeda Lugege! Read? Arge lugege! to read Don't read! helistada to call jalutada to walk mingida to play Usually the forms of imperative are created from the second form, in this case the second infinitive ends with -da, the plura form of the imperative has the ending -ge. In negative sentences, we add the word arge. 0 plural imperative, plural imperative, ending -ke negative form Péérake! Turn! second form, ending -ta pddrata to turn Arge podrake! Don’t turn! oodata to wait vaadata to look naidata to show NB! séita to drive NB! votta to take Arge sditke! don’t drive! Ange vitke! don’t take! Soitke! drive! Vétke! take! If the second form ends with -ta, the plural form of the imperative has the ending -ke. In negative sentences we add the word arge. NB! second infinitive, plural imperative, plural imperative, ending -da ending -ke negative form NB! anda to give Andke! Give! Avge andke! Don’t give! kanda to carry NB! There are a few words that have the second form ending in -da, but the plural imperative still ends with -ke. Second infinitive, ending -a Plural imperative, Plural imperative, ending -ge negative form minna to go Minge! Go! Arge minge! Don’t go! tulla to conte eaassecsseeennee | snnnnnnecenes olla to be NBI siiiia to eat NB! juua to drink NB! tava NB! teha to.do Tehke! Do! Arge séége! Don’t eat! Arge tehke! Don’t do! The plural imperative ending is usually -ge of the words whose second form ends with -a-. In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 13 in the Let’s practise! section. Kiiresti, kiiremini, kéige kiiremini Fast, faster, fastest = comparative forms of adverbs We have already learnt that actions can be described by adverbs, for instance in a sentence Auto sdidab kiiresti, aga buss sdidab aeglaselt The car drives fast but the bus slowly, the words kiiresti fast and aeglaselt slowly are adverbs. If we want to compare some actions, specific forms of adverbs have to be used. Depending on the ending such words can be divided into two groups: I ending -sti ending -mini koige + ending -mini Laev sdidab kiiresti.. Rong sdidab kiiremini Lennuk sdidab kéige The boat runs fast. kui laev. kiiremini. The train runs faster The plane runs the than the boat. fastest. NB! Klient raagib — Sekretar raagih Mehaanik raagib koige kévasti, koyemini kui klient. -kéyemini. The client talks loudly: The secretary talks — The mechanic speaks more loudly than the loudest. the client. 301 jewepies —_ =yjewepios 8 NB! Peeter laulab Paul laulab paremini Piia laulab kaige hasti. kui Peeters, paremini. Peeter sings well. Paul sings better Piia sings the best. than Peter. As you can see when the adverb ends with -sti, then it changes to -mini in a comparative sentence, for instance kiiresti fast - kiiremini faster. If we add the word kéige most, we get the construction kéige kiiremini the fastest. Note that for some words the vowel of the first form changes into -e, for instance kévasti lowd —kévemini louder, halvasti bad ~ halvemini worse. NB! The word hasti well is an exception in English as well: hasti well, pacemini better, kdige paremini the best. I ending -It ending -malt kéige + ending -malt Klient raagib Teenindaja raagib Juhataja raagib koige aeglaselt. aeglasemalt kui klient. aeglasemalt. The client speaks The attendant speaks The boss speaks the slowly. more slowerly than — slowest. the client. Reet raigib vaikselt. Maarika raagib Peeter raagib koige Reet speaks quietly. vaiksemalt kui Reet. vaiksemalt. Maarika speaks more Peeter speaks the quietly than Reet. quietest of all. If the adverb ends with -It, then it changes to -male in comparative sentence, for instance aeglaselt slowly — aeglasemalt slower. If we add the word kéige most, we get the construction kéige aeglasemalt the slowest. Exercise 9 Fill in the blanks. -sti kiiresti fast ilusasti beautifully . NB! kovasti oud kévemini halvasti badly ove kiiremini koige kiiremini kéige kévemini NB! hasti well ch vaikselt quietly huvitavalt interestingly NB! targalt cleverly soojalt warmly In order to practise this grammar topic further do Exercise 14 in the Let’s practise! section. parentni vaiksemalt kéige vaiksemalt koige ‘targemalt Let’s practise! Exercise 10 Choose the right sentence for each picture. Use the expressions of giving directions (see also pp. 293-4). Mine tagasi. Poéra vasakule, Mine poest mééda. Mine iile tanava. Mine poeni. Pééra paremale. Mine kuni ristmikuni. Mine labi pargi. Mine iile silla. 8 & : ajowepjos: 8 Exercise 11 Choose the correct form. Ilma milleta sa ei saa elada? Without what can’t you live? Ilma kiire autota/kiireta autota. Ilma heata toiduta/hea toiduta. Ilma huvitavata tédta/huvitava tééta. Ima heade sépradeta/headeta s6pradeta. Ilma toredateta reisideta/toredate reisideta. UhWNR Exercise 12 Choose the correct form, Ma sdidan punasega autoga/punase autoga. Sa sdidad suure bussiga/suurega bussiga. Ta sdidab vanaga rongiga/vana rongiga. Me sdidame kiire lennukiga/kiirega lennukiga, Te sdidate uuega laevaga/uue laevaga. Nad sdidavad kalli rattaga/kalliga rattaga. Auawne Exercise 13 Write the words in bold in plural. 1 Loe seda raamatut. Lugege seda raamatut! 2 Helista mullet 3 Pééra paremale! 4 Vaata siia! 5 Sdida linna! 6 Vata see kaart! 7 Anna mulle kaart! 8 Mine otse edasi! 9 Ole hea! 10 Tule kohe siia! 11 Tee kiiresti! 12 Ara s66 seda jaatist! 13 Ara joo nii palju Glut! 14 Ara oota mind! Exercise 14 Make comparative sentences using the example. 1 kiiresti/aeglaselt Lennuk s6idab kiiremini kui auto. Auto sdidab aeglasemalt kui lennuk, kui minu sdber. Minu sober Ma rdagin eesti keelt raagin inglise keelt .... 4 huvitavalt/igavalt Minu sOber jutustab ......... eee kui mina. Ma jutustan » kui minu séber. s+ kui inglise keelt. Ma kui eesti keelt. Let’s communicate! oO Exercise 15 You are waiting for an Estonian friend to come and visit you. She calls you to tell she can’t find your house. Fill in the missing lines. Listen to the completed dialogue. Sober Tere! Ma ei leia kuidagi sinu maja iles. Sina Ask Where are you? Sdber Mingi manguvaljaku juures. Sina Say Come:across the street. Séber Jah. Kas’ma niiiid pédran paremale? Sina Say No, turn left, Sober —_Ees: paistab iiks kaubanduskeskus.. Kas lahen selleni valja? Sina Say Yes. Say my. house is on the corner. Séber — Aitah! Ma muide juba naen sinu maja! Exercise 16 You are giving directions to a friend you are meeting at the new bowling alley. Fill in the lines. Listen to the completed text. Say The bowling alley is in the city center, Tell your friend he has to drive-to the city centre. Say the fastest way he will get there is by bus. Say The bowling alley is right there on the corner almost next to the bus stop. aoe os 8 jowep!jewepros 8 Exercise 17 Which questions might you want to ask when renting a car? Tick the appropriate questions. 1 Kas on voimalik autot rentida? o a 2 Kas peatus on samal teepoolel? [ 3 Mis hinnaga te rendite? QO @ 4 Kas ma saan ka diiipi rentida? O 5 Kas ma pean auto sila tagasi tooma? a << 6 Kas on voimalik auto ka ménes teises linnas tagastada? O 7 Kui kaua see buss kesklinna sdidab? Oo 8 Mis number bussiga'ma minema pean? o =F 9 Kas teil on automaatkaigukastiga autot? o Oo 10 Kas teil on viie uksega masinat? O Note thar for exercises in which you have to choose between two 11 Kas rendihind tuleb ette maksta? LO answers (answer 1/answer 2), the correct answer in the key will be 12 Kas sularahas saab maksta? 0 given correspondingly as either'a or b. «= 13 Kas ma saan ka turvaistme rentida? o sane soyalce? 14 Kas ma saan auto rentida viieks paevaks? oO Unit 1 > CG Exercise 18 fet 1d 2b ate c Ex2 1f, 2d, e 3¢ 4a, b S~ 6b 7d 8¢ Ex3 1Tere @O You would like'to rent a bigger car for 3 days. Fill in the missin jommikust! (Tere!) Tere paevast! (Tere!) 3Tere dhtust! (Tere!) Ex5 lines then listen to the completed dialogue. . a)1 b)3 ¢)6 d)4 ©)? £)5 g)2 Ex6 1b 2e 3g 4a Sf 6c 7h 8d Ex7 1c2a 3b men Ex8 1b 2c 3c 4a b Sa Ex9 1b 2b 3a 4b Ex10 1b, c 2a, b 3a, b 4b, ¢ @O Teenindaja Tere! ; | Ja, c 6a, c 7a, b Ex11 1f 2b 3e 4a Sc 6d Ex13 1, 6, 3, 4, 7, 10, 8, 5 Sina Say Hello! Say I would like to rent.a car. * 9,11, 2, 12 Ext4 a6 b3 7 d5 68 fl g4 h2. EX1S tkaheksa 2iksteist x< Teenindaja —_—Miillist autot te soovite ja kui kauaks? 3viis 4neli Sitheksa 6iiks 7seitse Skuus 9kiimme 10kolm 11kaksteist Sina Say I need a bigger car for a weekend. 12kaks Exi6 koim, kus, iheksa Ex17 iiks, kaks, kolm, neli, viis, @O Teenindaja Kas te soovite dziipi v6i tavalist masinat? kuus, seitse, kaheksa, iiheksa, kiimme, iiksteist, kaksteist Ex18 a 2b Sina Say In fact it is all the same to me. 3a 4b Sb 6a 7b 82 Ex19 1Kell on iiksteist hommikul, 2Kell on Teenindaja Siis ma soovitaksin teile seda viie uksega dziipi. veerand vis. 3Kell on pool seitse Ghtul. 4Kell on kolmveerand kolm. Sina | . Ask Does it have an automatic gearbox? SKell on viis. 6Kell on veerand kiimme hommikul, 7Kell on pool Oo Teenindaja —_Jah, sellel on kiill automaarkaigukast. / kaks. 8Kell on veerand iiks, Ex20 1Aitah!; Head isu! 2Palun, 3Both =! Sina Ask Does the rental price have to be paid in are correct, 4Vabandust!; Palun vabandust! STerviseks! 6Head 66d! advance? . Ex21 aTere hommikust! bMis kell on? cKell on kaheksa. dAitah, ~” Teenindaja Jah, rendihind tuleb krediitkaardiga ette Ex22 Tere! / Kell on pool neli. maksta. Palun taitke see ankeet ara ja siis @O vaatame auto iile. : Sina Say Thank you. Unit 2 ~—) Ext Ic 2a 3- 4~ Sb 6c 7a 8b Ex4 1- 2a 3b 4a Sb 6c Ex 5 1b 2b 3a Ex6 1d 2a 3c 4b Ex 8 1c 2b 3d 4- 5a, d 6b 7b 8d 9c 10a Ex 9 1a 2a 3b 4a Sb 6a Ex 11 1c 2e 3f 4a Sb 6d 7a Ex12 1Kas'te (teie) olete Jaan Magi? 2 Kas te (teie) olete 6petaja? 3Kas te (teie) olete kohalik? 4Jah, ma (mina) olen Jaan Magi. SEi, ma (mina) ei ole Kristjan Saar. Ma (Mina). olen Jiiri Kask. Ex13 1c 2d 3e 4a Sb 6a Ex14 1 Ma saan308 5 g 3 z i i Kauriga tuttavaks. 2 Sa saad Kauriga tuttavaks. 3Ta saab Kauriga tuttavaks. 4Me saame Kauriga tuttavaks. STe saate Kauriga tuttavaks. 6Nad saavad Kauriga tuttavaks. Ex15 lolen 2olete 3ole 4aleme Soled 6ole 7on 80n Ex16 1Ma (Mina) 2Sa (Sina) 3Ta (Tema) 4Me (Meie) 5Te (Teie) 6Nad (Nemad) Ex17 1a 2a 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a Ex18 1Jah, raagin kell. Ei raagi, 2Jah, régime kiill. Bi rddigi. 3Jah, raagivad kdl Bi riigi. 4Jah, vaigib kiill, Ei raagi. Ex19 1Kas te raagite eesti keelt? Ei raagi. 2Kas ta raagib prantsuse keelt? Jah, raagib kill. 3Kas nad raagivad hispaania keelt? Jah; raaigivad kill. 4Kas nad raagivad inglise keelt? Ei raigi, SKas.sa raagid saksa keelt? Ei i. Ex20 1b 2a 3b 4a Sb 6b Ex21 Formal: 1Kas te olete Peeter Paasuke? 2Kas te raagite inglise keelt? 3Mis on teie nimi? 4Mis on teie perekonnanimi? Informal: 1Kas sa oled Peeter Paasuke? 2Kas sa rdagid inglise keelt? 3Mis on sinu nimi? 4Mis on sinu perekonnanimi? Ex22 1Vabandust, ma ei saa aru. 2Ki ole, 3You say your surname. 4You say if you can or can’t speak Estonian. 5You say how you are. 6You say Vaga meeldiv and say your name, Ex23 1Jah, raagin kiill. 2Kahjuks ei raagi. 3Vabaridust. Ma ei saa aru. 4Natuke. SKuidas palun? Ex24 Tere hommikust! / Minu nimi on (Anne). / Vaga meeldiv, Kas te raagite inglise keelt? / Kas te raagire saksa keelt? Ex25 1Tere! 2Mina olen Anna / Peter. 3Kuidas on teie nimi? 4Kuidas palun? SVaga meeldiv. Ex26 1Tere! 2Kuidas liheb? 3Hasti. Aga sul? 4Tanan kiisimast.. Normaalselt. Unit 3 Ex1 bussipeatus, infopunkt, kohvik, suur saal, taksopeatus, tualett, valjapdds Ex21a 2a 3b 4b Ex3 1a 2b 3a, c Ex4 1a 2a 3a Ex 5 1b,¢,d 2a, b, d 3a, c, d Ex 6 1To the city center. 2 To Parnu maantee. 9. 3To the hotel Viru; 100 crowns. 4 To the Kumu art museum; about 80 crowns. Ex7 1a, b 2b, c 3a, c Ex8 1b 2b 3a 4+ Sa 6— 7c 8—Ex9 1a, c, d 2a, b, d 3b, c, d Ex10 itrammis 2muuseumis 3sadamas 4kesklinnas Ssuures hotellis 6tualetis 7valjakul Stanaval Yseinal 10teel Ex11 1Parnu maanteele 2vGistlusele 3Vabaduse valjakule 4sadamasse Skaubanduskeskusesse (kaubanduskeskusse) 6taksosse ‘7muuseumisse Skauplusesse (kauplusse) 9kesklinna 10infopunkti 11kohviku juurde 12kaupluse juurde Ex12 1Tee! Ara tee! 2Sdida! Ara sida! 3Vaata! Ara vaata! 4Radgi! Ara raagi! Ex13 1laevaga 2lennukiga 3jalgrattaga 4autoga Smetrooga 6rongiga 7marsruuttaksoga Exl4 Part 2 a.kaksteist b.kuusteist c. kakskiimmend d.kakskiimmend kaheksa e.kolmkiimmend seitse fiseitsekiimmend g.sada h.kolm tuhat Ex15 The ending -s: kesklinnas, sadamas, trammis, tualetis, teatris, lennujaamas The ending -1: naitusel, turul, valjakul, maanteel, laual, trepil Ex16 1a 2b 3b 4a Sb 6a Ex17 1a 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b Ex18 1kohvikusse Zapteeki 3lennujaama 4infopunkti Sturule 6teatrisse 7bussipeatusse 8tddle Ex19 1b 2a 3a 4b Sb 6a Ex20 186itke palun hotelli juurde. 2Vaadake, seal on loomiaaed! 3Minge apteeki! 40elge, kus on bussipeatus! Ex21 infopunkt, kaubanduskeskus, kohyik, loomaaed, sadam, turg Ex22 1Teatrisse sidame laevaga. 2Turule sdidame rongiga. 3Tédle sdidame lennukiga. 4Apteeki sdidame autoga. SInfopunkti sdidame jalgrattaga. Ex23 1d 2a 3f 4h Sk 6] 7g 81 9c 10e 11] 12b Ex24 60, 100, 12,5000, Al, 72, 300, 18, 90 Ex25 1See on siin. 2See on seal. 3Vist sealpool. 4Ma toesti ei tea. Ex26 Tere! / Vabandage, kas see buss laheb lennujaama? / Mis bussid lennujaama lahevad? / Aitah. Ex27 a,Tere. b.Vabandage, kus on bussipeatus? c.Aitéh. d.Kas see buss laheb kesklinna? e.Kui palju see maksab? f.Aitéh. Ex28 a.Tere. Mis bussid lahevad kunstimuuseumi juurde? b.Kuidas palon? Kaheksateist ja kuuskiimmend iiks, jah? c.Kas see on kunstimuuseum? d..Ahah. Aitah, Unit 4 Ext 1c 2a 3b 4c Ex2 1b 2a 3c 4b Ex3 1a 2b 3a Ex4 tfalse, the client wants to buy one pie (eventually byes 2 pies) 2true 3false, the client wants mushroom pies 4true Ex5 1true 2false, she wants to have water without gas 3true Ex6 Ifalse, Helle would like to have a cup of black tea 2true 3true 4true Sfalse, Pille orders. two cognacs Ex7 1b 2a 3a 4a 5b Ex8 Icoffee with cream 2coffee without cream 3coffee with sugar 4coffee without sugar Swater with gas 6water without gas 7juice with ice 8juice without ice 9tea without lemon 10coffee with cognac Ex9 1Please buy me a coffee. ZWhat will you have? 3What shall I get for him (her)? 4Please give us a beer. SPlease give me the menu. 6One tea with lemon for me please. 7Please bring us two meat pies. Ex11 ettekandjad, kliendid, kohupiimapirukad, sidrunid Ex12 1a 2b 3a 4b Sb 6a 7a 8b Ex13 ikartulisalatit, musta kohvi 26lur 3seenepirukat Alihapirukat Smosta teed, konjakit 6salatit Ex14 1Do you love him (her)? 2He (She) loves you. 3Why don’t you love us? 4He (She) is waiting for us. SAre they waiting for you? 6He (She) isn’t waiting for me, Ex15 1a 2a 3d Ex16 1mulle (minule) 2sulle (sinule) 3talle (temale) 4meile Steile 6sulle (sinule) 7neile (nendele) Exi7 16unamahlad 2apelsinimahlad 3kirsimahlad 4juustuvdileivad Svorstivdileivad 6jaatisekokteilid 7éunakoogid 8kartulisalatid 9tomatisalatid Ex18 a. kaks teed b, kolm kohvi c, itks salat d, neli salatit e.viis seenepirukat f. kaks kooki g. kuus mahla h. kolm konjakit Ex19 Third forms: musta kohvi, kartulisalatit, Glut, kohupiimapirukat, — lihapirukar, seenepirukat, teed, konjakit, tomatimahla, apelsinimahla, j¢hvikamahla, é6unakooki, pohfakooki, makaronisalatit Ex20 1teda 2meid 3teid 4neid Smind 6sind Ex21 1Palun iiks apelsinimahl. 2Palun tiks purk siidric. 3Palun iiks pakk suitsu. 4Palun iiks: pits konjakit. SPalun jiks pudel mineraalvett. 6Palan iiks tass teed. 7Palun iiks.tikk g ‘S@SIDIXe Bly 04 AdSasiquexe oy} 0} Aoy, kooki. Ex22 Palun iiks must kohv. / Koorega palun. / Palun (veel) iiks pirukas. / Mis pirukad teil on? / Palun iiks lihapirukas. / Aitah, See on kik. Ex23 a.Tere! b.Palun iiks kohv koorega. c.Mis pirukad teil on? d.Kas need on lihaga vi (ilma) Jihata? e.Palun kaks seenepirukat. Unit 5 Ex1 1b 2a 3c Ex2 Joosep — Parnu, construction worker, likes to do sports / Kiilli — Kohtla-Jarve, journalist, likes to take photos and paint / Kaido - Tartu, owner of his own company, likes to travel / Marek — Kardla in Hiiumaa, estate agent, likes to eat well / Tanel, Rakvere, shop assistant, likes to play football / Helen - England, secretary, likes to swim / Lembit — Véru, bookkeeper, likes to listen to the music Ex3 la 2a 3b 4b Ex4 1a 2b 3b 4c 5b Ex5 esmaspdeval, teisipdeval, kolmapéeval, neljapaeval, reedel, laupdeval, pithapdeval Exé6 Tallinnas, Tallinnast; Eestis, Eestist; Parnus, Parnust; USA-s, USA-st; Jaapanis, Jaapanist; Rootsist; Latist; Leedust; Prantsusmaal, Prantsusmaale; Saksamaal, Saksamaalt; Mustamael, Mustamdelt; Saaremaal, Saaremaalt. Ex7 11 like this hobby painter’s camp. 2He (She) doesn’t like this hobby painter’s camp. 3Do you like Tallinn? 4Does Joosep like Tallinn? SJoosep doesn’t like sports. 6Do you like this music? 7We don’t like Mart. Ex8 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b Ex9 1b 2b 3b 4b Sb 6b Ex10 lilleeile the day before yesterday, eile yesterday, tana today, homme tomorrow, iilehomme the day after tomorrow 2esmaspaev Monday, teisipaev Tuesday, kolmapaev Wednesday, neljapaev Thursday, reede Friday, laupiev Saturday, piihapdev Sunday Ex11 1esmaspieval on Monday teisipaeval on Tuesday 2kolmapaeval on Wednesday neljapaeval on Thursday 3reedel on Friday laupaeval on Saturday 4piihapieval on Sunday esmaspaeval on Monday Stina today homme tomorrow 6iileeile the day before yesterday eile yesterday 7homme tomorrow iilehomme the day after tomorrow 8kevadel in the spring suvel in the summer 9siigisel in the autumn talvel in the winter 10talvel in the winter kevadel in the spring Ex12 -s, -st: Eesti, Jaapan, Leedu, Lati, Parnu, Rootsi, Soome, Taani, Tallinn, Tartu, USA -It: Hiiumaa, Inglismaa, Kohtla-Jarve, Lasnamée, Mustamae, Prantsusmaa, Saaremaa, Saksamaa, Sillamae, Oismae Ex13 1Pekka on parit Soomest. 2Anatoli on parit Venemaalt. 3Michiko on parit Jaapanist. 4Tiiu on parit Eestist. SMichael on parit Inglismaalt. 6Pierre on péarit Prantsusmaalt. 7Juan on parit Hispaaniast. Ex14 1c 2c 3c 4 c Sb 6b 7b 8b 9a 10a 11a 12a Ex15 1Tartusse 2Tartus 3Tartust 4Soome S5Soomes 6Soomest 7Saaremaale 8Saaremaal 9Saaremaalt Ex16 1Utole meeldib Kaie. Ulo likes Kaie. 2Kaiele meeldib Kaido. Kaie likes Kaido. 3Kaidole meeldib Piret.Kaido likes Piret. 4Piretile meeldib Sven. Piret likes Sven. SSvenile meeldib Ruth. Sven likes Ruth. 6Ruthile meeldib Urmas. Ruth likes Urmas. 7 Urmasele meeldib Kart. Urmas likes Kart. 8Kirdile meeldib Tiit. Kart likes Tiit. 9Tiidule meeldib Act. Tiit likes Aet. 10Aedale meeldib Ulo. Aet likes Ulo. Ex17 1a 2a 3b 4a Sa 6a 7b 8b, b 9a Ex18 a.Welcome! b. The place is open from Monday till ‘Thursday from 12.00 till 24.00 and from Friday till Sunday from 12.00 till 3.00. c. Let’s get acquainted. d. Ma olen parit (the country you come from). e. Ma olen (your profession). f. What do you like to do during your free time? Ex19 a.Tere! b.Minu nimi on (your name). 3Ma olen parit Ameerikast. 4Ma olen firmajuht. Ex20 Saame tuttavaks! Mina olen (Michael). / Kust sa parit oled? / Mina olen parit Ameerikast. / Mulle meeldib reisida ja pildistada, Ex21 Mulle meeldib ujuda. / Mida sulle meeldib vabal ajal teha? / Mulle meeldib ka muusikat kuulata. Unit 6 Ex1 1b 2c 3a 4b Sc 6c 7c Ex2 1a 2b 3a 4b 5a 6b Ex3 j, i, h, d,c, b, g, f, e, a Ex4 1c 2b 3d 4e Sf 6a 7h 8i 9j 10g ExS 1Mul (Minul) on koer. 2Sul {Sinul) on tittar. 3Tal (Temal) on poeg. 4. Meil on oma firma. STeil on vanaisa. 6Neil (Nendel) on lapsed. Ex6 1Minu mehe (abikaasa) nimi on T6nu, 2Minu naise (abikaasa} nimi on Kiilli. 3Minu lapse nimi on Birgit. 4Minu poja nimi on Kaspar. SMinu titre nimi on Sille. 6Minu ée nimi on Tiina. 7Minu venna nimi on Aivar. Ex7 1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a Ex8 jaanuaris, veebruaris, martsis, aprillis, mais, juunis, juulis, augustis, septembris, oktoobris, novembris, detsembris Ex9 1 a.Tana on neljas mai. b. Tana on kiimnes september. c. Tana on kaheteistkiimnes oktoober. d.Tana on kahekiimne kuues detsember, 2 a. Tema siinnipdev on teisel jaanuaril. b.Tema siinnipaev on neljateistkiimnendal —-veebruaril. c.Tema siinnipdev = on itheksateistkiimnendal aprillil. d. Tema siinnipdev on kolmekiimne esimesel juulil, 3 a. Ta on siindinud tuhande iiheksasaja kuuekiimne teisel aastal. b.Ta on siindinud tuhande theksasaja seitsmekiimne kaheksandal aastal. c.Ta on siindinud kahe tuhande seitsmendal aastal. Ex10 1Kas neil on tiittar? Do they bave a daughter? 2Kas sul on auto? Do you have a car? 3Kas Marial on mees (abikaasa)? Does Maria have @ husband? 4Kas tal on koer? Does he/she have a dog? SKas teil on pere? Do you have family? Ex11 1a 2b 3b 4a Sb 6a 7b 8a Ex12 Iveebruar, aprill 2juuni, angust 3oktoober, detsember 4jaanuar, marts Ex13 1jaanuaris 2veebruaris 3martsis 4aprillis Smais 6juunis 7juulis Saugustis 9septembris 10oktoobris 11novembris 12detsembris Ex14 le 2j 3a 4g Sb 6i 7c 8f 9d 10h Ex15 Iteisel (2.) 2 viieteistkiimnendal (15.) 3kaheteistkiimnendal (12). 4kaheksateistkiimnendal _(18.) Skahekiimnendal (20). 6kaheksandal (8.) 7iiheksandal (9.) 8kahekiimne esimesel (21.) 9esimesel (1.) 10kahekiimne kaheksandal (28.) Ex16 1Kontsert toimub viiendal jaanuaril. 2Filmifestival algab 311 & 3 3 g o i312 x 2 3 3 @ ° 3 8. : kahekiimne kaheksandal juunil ja lopeb viieteistkiimnendal augustil. 3Tema siinnipiev on kolmekiimnendal jaanuaril. 4Ta on siindinud tuhande iheksasaja seitsmekiimne kaheksandal aastal. SMa olen siindinud tuhande iiheksasaja kaheksakiimne teisel aastal. 6Kas sa oled simdinud tuhande iiheksasaja kuuekiimne iiheksandal aastal? 7Me oleme siindinud tuhande tiheksasaja viiekiimne neljandal aastal. SNad on siindinad kahe tuhandendal aastal, 9Kas te olete siindinud ruhande iiheksasaja kuuekiimne kolmandal aastal? 10Nad ¢i ole sundinud kahe tuhande kaheksandal aastal. Ex17 Kui vana on sinu poeg? / Aga kui vana on sinu titar? / Mul on ka tétar. / Ta on seitseteist aastat vana. / Viiereistkiimnendal mail. Ex18 a. How old you are? b. Ma olen kolmkiimmend kuus aastat vana. c. Do you have children? d. Mul on iiks tiitar ¢. How old is your daughter? f. Ta on kaksteist aastat vana- g. Who is your husband/wife? h. Ta on ajakirjanik. t Do you have your own car? j, Jah, mul on oma auto. k, Are you Estonian? |. Ma olen sakslane, aga mu isa on cootslane, Ex19 Possible answers. a. Ma tousen iga paev kell kaheksa, b. Siis ma jalutan viiljas koeraga. c. Siis ma teen hommikusddki. d. Ma sdidan tdéle autoga. e. T65] ma pean helistama, kirjutama meile ja kohtuma inimestega. f: ma loen veel uudiseid Internetist. g. Kell kuus ma laben (koos) s6pradega trenni. h. Parast trenni ma lihen koju. i, Ménikord (Vahel) tulevad s6brad kiilla, j. Paar korda kuus ma kain tearris. k. Kel] kaksteist ma lahen magama. Unit 7 Ext 1true 2false, the cheese costs 70: crowns a kilo 3false, he decides to buy half a kilo of cheese b 1false, the buyer asks about the price of plums 2false, the fruit costs 20 crowns a kilo 3true ¢ Itrue 2true 3false, he thinks it is very high price d 1true 2false, onions cost 10 crowns a kilo 3false, he thinks it is a bargain price Ex2 1b 2a 3b Ex3 a 1a 2b 3b 4c b ta 2a 3c-4b ¢ ic 2b 3c 4b Ex4 1a 2b 3b 4a Sb 6b 7b ExS a 1b 2c 3a 4b Sb b 1a 2a 3a 4c 5a Ex6 1b 2a 3a 4b Ex7 1a 2b 3b 4a Sa 6b 7b 8b Ex8 1true 2false, there is beer and pickled cucumbers in the refrigerator but no bread 3true 4true Sfalse, it is Janek who always goes to the shop 6true 7false, Janek suggests to invite Annika and Maarika to come and visit Strue 9false, it is Marek who will have to do the dishes later Ex9 veini, veini; limonaadi, limonaadi; Sokolaadi, Sokolaadi;_kohupiima, kohupiima;.soola, soola; musta, musta; kana, kana; liha, liha; hakkliha, hakkliha; valge, valget; lahja, lahjat; jogurti, jogurtit; ketSupi, ketSupit; maitsvat; suhkrut; punase, punast; taise, taist; vaikest; heleda, heledat; koore, koort; vai, void; kakao, kakaod; hea, head Ex10 magusa, magusat, magusaid; valge, valget, valgeid: johvika, johvikat, johvikaid; odava, odavat, odavaid; porgandi, porgandit, porgandeid; tomati, tomatit, tomateid; pahkli, pahklit, pahkleid; punase, punast, punaseid; sinise, sinist, siniseid, rasvase,. rasvast, rasvaseid; roosa, roosat, roosasid; kirju, kirjut, kirjusid; ploomi, ploomi, ploome; halli, balli, halle; kommi, kommi, komme; pirni, pirni, pirne; kurke; marju; suure, suurt, suuti Kellele sa Gann ostad? Ablative case sdbral, s6bralt; naisel, naiselt; mehel, mehelr; lapsel, lapselt; naabril, naabrilt; abikaasal, abikaasalt; iilemusel, iilemusele Ex11 noorem, kéige noorem; vaiksem, kdige vaiksem; magusam, kdige magusam; odavam, koige odavam; kallim, kéige kallim; hapum, kéige hapum; laiem, kéige laiem; yanem, koige vanem; lahjem, kéige lahjem; halvem, koige halvem Ex12 Imagusamart 2hapumat S3odavamat 4suuremat Svaiksemaid 6suuremaid 7magusamaid Skallimaid Ex13 1kiib 2lihen 3lihed 4kdin Slaheme 6kain Ex14 ploom, maasikas, kala, juust, kurk, sink, kiipsis, sibul, muna, hapukurk, viinamari, dli, omlett; plum, bag, strawberry, fish, box, cheese, cucumber, ham, biscuit, onion, egg, price, pickled cucumber, grape, oil, omelette Ex15 1b 2b 3b 4b Sb 6b 7b. 8b Exl6 Isinki hundred grams of ham 2veini one bottle of wine 3limonaadi one bottle of lemonade 4juustu three hundred grams of cheese Sjahu one bag of flour 6 hakkliha kilo of minced meat Tala two fishes $ kana baif a chicken Sjogurtit three yoghurts 10ketSupit two ketchups J1pakki rohelist teed two. packets of green tea 12tassi musta kohvi three cups of black coffee 13 tumedat Glut two dark beers 14 heledat Glut four light beers 15 pudelit vert two bottles of water 16purki mett two jars of honey Ex17 Kas teil on ... Imusta teed 2head jaatist 3tumedat Glut 4eesti juustu Staist liha 6varsket kala 7lahjat jogurtit Ex18 1b 2a 3a 4b Sb 6a 7b 8a Ex19 Imaasikaid three hundred grams of strawberries 2sibulaid half a kilo of onions 3kollaseid kartuleid five kilos of yellow potatoes 4siniseid ploome three kilos of blue plums Svaikseid kurke one jar of small cucumbers 6suuri mune box of big eggs 7haid porgandeid a little bit of good carrots 8roosasid Sunu bag of pink apples 9magusaid pirne two kilos of sweet pears 10musti seeni box of black mushrooms Ex20 Kas teil on ... Ivalgeid kartuleid 2odavaid tomateid 3hapusid marju 4punascid ploome Ssuuri kurke 6vaikseid seeni 7ilusaid johvikaid 8kalleid 6unu Yroosasid ploome 1Ohaid porgandeid Ex21 1a 2b 3c 4a Sc Ex22 Possible answers, 1Kapsas on suurem kui Gun. 2Tort on magusam kui véileib. 3Kohupiim on lahjem kui juust. 4Vein on kallim kui mahl. SJohvikad on hapumad kui maasikad. 6Kommid on magusamad kati seened. 7Pabklid on vaiksemad kui ploomid 8Kapsad on suuremad kui kartulid, Ex23 1a,.a 2a, b 3a, a 4b, b 5a, b 6b, b Ex24 Ma soovin osta kilo maasikaid, / Vaiksemaid. / Palun pange karpi, / Kui palju kurgid maksavad? / Palun pool kilo. Ex25 Jah, need on testi magusad, / Suureparane maitse. Kas need on eesti omad? / Kui palju need pirnid maksavad? / Aga kui palju need ploomid maksavad? / Oi, kui odavad! ! Ma vétan neid pool kilo. 313 g s 5 3 g : &a =a B & 8 z a z 8 8 ® Unit 8 Ex1 1b 2a 3d 4c Sb 6b, ¢ 7d Ex2 1b 2a 3a 4a Ex3 1a, b, d 2c, d, e 3a, b,c, d, 4b, c, e Ex 4 la 2b 3a 4b ExS ic 2b 3b 4b Sa 6b 7b 8c 9c Ex6 1¢ 2a 3b 4a Ex7 a Lfalse, the performance takes place in September, not October 2false, the ticket office is opened from eleven, not one o’clock 3false, the ticket office is opened all days except national holidays false, the tickets can be ordered online on working days only Strue b itrue false, the film ,, Winter” is not shown 3true 4true Strue c Lalse, only the nightclub miss, not mister will be elected 2true 3false, women have free entrance regardless of the time 4false, nothing is said about free drinks Strue d true 2true 3true 4 false, children under 7 years have free entrance Sfalse, the preformance starts at seven o'clock Ex8 1Ma tahaks(in) tina dhtul kinno minna. 2Kas sa tuleks(id) minuga kinnno? 3Ma vaataks(in) hea meelega koméddiat. 4Kas see film sobiks? 5Kas sa sooyiks(id) midagi juua ka? Ex9 thest theni, kahest kaheni, kolmest kolmeni, neljast neljani, viiest viieni, kuuest kuueni, seitsmest seitsmeni, kaheksast kaheksani, iiheksast iiheksani, kiimnest kiimneni, itheteistkiimnest ihereistkiimneni, kaheteistkiimnest kaheteistkimneni, kahekiimnest kahekiimneni Ex10 1b 2d 3f 4e Sa 6c Ex11 1c 2a 3b 4f $d 6e Ex12 Ithis author's film/film of this author 2this theatre’s actors/the actors of this theatre 3this film’s actors/the actors of this film 4this book’s author/the author of this book Ex13 1b 2a 3a 4b Sb 6b 7b 8a Exl4 riadkimine speaking 2kuulamine listening 3vaatamine watching 4jalutamine walking Slaulmine singing 6jooksmine running Tistumine sitting Ex15 1b 2a 3a 4a Sb 6b Ex16 1Kas sa tahakstid) minuga kinno tulla? 2Muidugi tahaks(in). 3Mis filmi sa eelistaks(id)? 4Mulle meeldiks ulmefilm. SMis ritta sa piletit sooviks(id)? 6. Kubugi keskéle, Ex17 1f 2c 3a 4d Sb 6¢ Ex18 1Kell on viis minutit kolm Labi, 2Kell on kiimme minutit viis lAbi. 3Kell on kolmteist minutit seitse Labi, 4Kell on kiimne minuti parast fiheksa. SKell on vile minuti parast kiimme. 6Kell on kahe minuti pacast iiksteist. Ex19 1Ta tuleb poole tunni parast. 2Ta tuleb parast nelja, 3Ma helistan teile/sulle kursuse parast. 4Ta tuleb tunni parast. $Ta tuleb parast kuut. 6Ma teen seda tema parast. Ex20 1b 2a 3a 4a 5a Ex21 1minu lapse raamat 2selle pileti hind 3selle etendase nimi 4selle kino aadress Sselle ulmefilmi gutor Ex 22 1The films of these directors are very good. 2 In this cinema the tickets are expensive. 3There are different films in the programme of the festival, 4It is possible to dance in the nightclubs until three o” clock. 5 Also the parents can come to the children’s perfomances. 61 like this actor. Ex 23 1What would you prefer? 2Kas midagi muud ei ole? 3On Mondays the tickets are half price. 4The ticket office is open every day except Saturday to Sunday. Ex24 1Kas see on koméédia? 2Kui pikk see film on? 3Kas seal on mingi hinnavabe ka? 4Palun kuhugi keskele. Ex25 Kas sa tahaksid kinno minna?/ Tana Gbtul. / Mis filmi sa tahaksid vaadata? Ex 26 Kas sa tahaksid nadalavahetusel teatrisse minna? / Mingi inglise koméddia. / Kahju. Voib-olla moni teine kord, Ex 27 Palun kaks piletit. / Jah, palun. / Kas seal on hinnavahe? / Mis kohti te soovitaksite? / Olgu. Kui pikk see eteridus on? / Vaga hea. Ex 28 Tere! Oelge palun, mis film on Helesinine planeet. / Kes on selle filmi reziss6ér? / Olgu. Kui pikk see film on? / Kui palju piletid maksavad? / Kas hind sdlcub kellaajast? Unit 9 Exi ltrue 2false, no the patient himself is a foreigner 3false, he has a medical insurance card 4true Sfalse, the nurse asks for the patient’s identification code 6false, nobody asks about the patient’s home address and name 7true 8false, the room is on the second floor Ex2 ib 2a 3b Ex3 a. la, c,d 2b 3a 4b b, 1c 2a 3b 4a Ex4 1a 2a 3a 4b Sb 6a 7a Ex5 a.1false, the patient has a terrible toothache 2true 3false, the doctor suggests the tooth should be pulled out 4true Strue b. 1false, the patient fell and sprained his leg 2true 3false, no he did not buy any painkillers 4true Strue Ex6 1a 2b 3b 4a Sa 6a 7a 8a Ex7 1b 2c 3b 4b 5b 6¢ 7b Ex8 1a 2b 3a 4b Ex9 ma puhkasin, sa puhkasid, ta puhkas, me puhkasime, te puhkasite, nad puhkasid; ma ei puhanud, sa ei puhanud, ta ei puhanud, me ei puhanud, te ei puhanud, nad ei puhanud. Ex10 saatis, saatsime, saatsite, saatsid, sa: |; andsid, andis; ostsin, ostis, ostsime, ostsid, ostnud Ex11 jatsin, jatsid, j is, jatsime, jatsire, jatsid, jatnud Ex12 1laksin 2lainud 3lainud 4lainud $liks 6lainad 7laksid 8laksite Ex13 1Jah, olin kill. Ei olnud, 2Jah, tulin kill. Ei tulnud. 3Jah, tegin Kill. Bi teinud, 4Jah, nagin kill. Ei ndinud. SJah, pidin kiill. Ei pidanud. Ex14 ma jain, sa jaid, ta jai, me jaime, te jaite, nad jaid; ma ei i jaa i jaa i jaanud, te ei jaanud, nad ei jaanud Ex15 1Jah, sdin kill. Ei sédnud. 2Jah, join kill. Ei joonud. 3Jah, sain kiill. Ei saanud. 4Jah, toin kil Ei toonud. Ex16 aeglaselt, tavaliselt, vaikselr, kurvalt, r6dmsalk, kiiresti, kévasti, halvasti Ex17 IIhave a terrible headache. 2My head aches terribly. 3He/She speaks very slowly. 4This music is very quiet. SThis music plays very quietly. 6This is a fast car. 7This car drives fast. 8This isa good doctor. 9This doctor treats well, Ex18 1 tddtasime 2laksid 3véttis 4sditis Sostsite 6laks 7puhkasime Svaatasid lugesite 1Okuulasid 11kiksime Ex19 haigeks jéama, jooma, ndgema, olema, tsa saama, panema, pesema, séma, tegema, terveks saama, tooma, tulema Ex20 1b 2b 3a 4a 5a 6a 7b 8a 9b 10b 11b 12a Ex21 1Jah, olin kill. Ei olnud. 2Jah, lugesin kill, Ei Iugenud. 3Jah, kaisin kiill. Ei kdinud, 4Jah, vaatasin kill, Ei vaadanud. SJah, naersin kill. Ei naernud, 6Jah, ostsin kill. Ei ostnud. 7Jah, jéin kill. Ei joonud. 8 Jah, tegin kiill. Ei teinud. 9Jah, nagin kill. Ei nainud. 10Jah, pesin kill. Ei 315 Ses}Quexe oly 0} Aoyoa = D sasjasexe au 0} Aey pesnud. Ex22 Jelan, elasin 2t6dtan, dppisin 3saan, saanud 4olen, olnud Ssdidan, kdisin 6mingi, mangisin 7tegele, tegelesin Ex23 1a 2b 3a 4b Sa 6a Ex24 laeglaselt 2vaikselt 3rdmsalt 4hirmsasti Skiiresti 6hasti Ex25 1valja tommata Unfortunately this tooth needs to be pulled out. 2vaanasin valja I fell yesterday and sprained my leg. 3\ugege Labi Read through the information sheet that is in the package. 4jai haigeks My husband fell ill yesterday, Svotame ara We will take off the plaster in three weeks’ time. 6sai otsa We also tried to drink hot tea, but we run out of tea. 7paraneb ara This place will beal in about three days. Ex26 Mul oleks vaja kiiresti arsti juurde saada. / Mul on hirmus kéha./ Eile Shtul oli 38,5 / Sobib kiill. Ex27 Mu pea valutab hirmsasti (kohutavalt). / Jah, aga see ei aidanud. / Ma yotsin hommikul kaks. tabletti. / Kas ma pean uuesti teie juurde rulema? Ex28 Tere! / Mal on vist gripp. / Jah, valutab kiill. / Kuidas maseda rohtu votma pean? / Kas sellel rohul on ka mingeid kérvalmojusid? Ex29 1Ma jain haigeks. 2Mal on hirmus peavalu. 3Mu kurk valutab, 4Mul on palavik 37,5. 5Ma join kuuma teed, aga see ei aidanud. 6Mul on vist gripp. Unit 10 Ex1 a.1b 2a, b,c 3a, b b. 1b 2b 3a Ex2 a.1b 2a, b,c 3b, c4a, b b. 1true 2erue 3false, Koit thinks long broun skirt and high heels are very beautiful 4false, Tiia does not say anything about the colour of the tie c. mantel, sussid, pluus, kaunis kleit Ex3 1a 2b 3a Ex4 true 2false, Urmas met the girl last year 3true 4true Strue 6false, Maarika works as a secretary 7true 8false, Maarika wants to become a psychologist true 10false, the profession of Maarika’s parents is not mentioned in the dialogue Litrue 12true 131r is not clear what colour her hair is at the moment. ExS 1a 2a 3a 4a Sb 6b 7a ExG Mal on seljas kleit, mantel, pluus, seelik, iilikond. Mul on jalas tossud, kingad, saapad, sussid. Mul on peas kitbar, mits. Mul on kaelas lips, sall, Mul on kes kindad. Mul on sérmes s6rmus. Ex7 1kaelas 2kaela 3kaclast 4seljast Sselga 6seljas Fjalga Sjalas 9jalast LOpeas Mpeast 12pahe 13peas Ex8 1b 2a 3b 4c Ex9 1Ta on sale. 2Tal on lokkis juuksed. 3Ta on keskealine. 4Ta on teismeline. 5Ta on kobn. 6Tal on tumedad juuksed. 7Tal on hallid juuksed. 8Tal on lithikesed junksed. 9Tal on habe ja vuntsid. 10Ta naeb vaga hea vilja. Ex10 1b 2a 3a 4b Sb 6a 7b 8a Ex11 1s66ma 2sd6mas 3ujuma 4ujumas Sjalutamas 6jalutama 7juttu ajamas 8 jutta ajama Exi3 a. Idressipiiksid jalga 2sokid jalga 3T-sargi selga 4jope selga Ssalli kaela 6miitsi pahe 7kindad katte b. kindad kaest ara 2miitsi peast ara 3salli kaelast ara 4jope seljast ara ST-sargi seljast ara 6sokid jalast ara 7dressipiiksid jalast ara Ex14 Olgu. Aga mul ei ole midagi selga panna. / Kas ma pean miitsi ka pahe panema ja kindad katte? / Ma votan need igaks juhuks kaasa. Ex15 Ma panen musta seeliku selga ja korge kontsaga kingad jalga. / See pluus sobib sulle vaga hasti. / Kas sa paned kérvaréngad ja parlid ka? Ex16 Véta palun mantel dra ja pane kappi. / Oi, kui kena sa valja ned! /Pane palun sussid jalga. Ex17 aTa on kena noormees. bTa on keskmist kasvu, pikem kui sina. cTal on tumedad sirged juuksed. dTal on vuntsid. eTa riietub maitsekalt. fTa ndeb vaga hea valja, aga ta on arg. gTundub, et ta on vaga tark. hTa tahab saada arstiks, Ex18 aMa olen kakskiimmend aastat vana. bMul on sirged punased juuksed. cMul on hobusesaba, dMa olen pikka kasvu, aga mitte liiga pikk. eMa olen sdbralik ja rédmus. {Ma tahan saada lauljaks, gNadalavahetusel ma kain déklubis tantsimas. Unit 11 Ex 1b 2a 3c 4a Sc 6a 7b 8a 9b 10b Ex2 1b 2a 3b 4a Sa 6a 7b 8a Ex3 Itrue-2false, the client wants the bowling alley for two hours 3false, the client wants to come at six o'clock 4false, eight people will come Strue Ex4 1a 2b 3a 4b Ex5 1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 6b 7a Ba 9a Ex6 1The client wants to cut her hair. 2Twenty centimetres. 380 much? Aren’t you feeling sorry? 4The client wants to dye her hair. Reddish, but not too dark. 6Yes, she wants a hairdo done with the hair dryer. 7Yesterday. 8Then it is better to cut the hair. Ex7 1b 2b 3b 4a 5b 6a 7a 8a Ex 8 la 2a 3b 4b Sb 6a 7b 8b Ex9 1b 2a 3b 4a 5a Ex10 1a, a 2b, b 3b, b 4b 5a, a 6a, a 7b, b 8a, a 9b, b Ex11 1laks katki 2korda teha 3teen korpuse lahti 4saab kohe tithjaks Spanen korpuse kinni 6liks kellaaeg segi 7laks katki 8sai otsa 9kirja panna 10Panen aryuti kdima 11kinni panna 12Teeme restorani lahti Ex12 1Ara joo vert. Ara joo vett ara. 2Ara mine. Ara mine ara. 3Ara viska seda paberit dra. 4Ara s55 seda kooki, Ara s68 seda kooki ara. SAra korista seda tuba. Ara korista seda tuba ara, Ex13 Ma panin toa kinni (broneerisin toa) kaks nadalat tagasi. / Kaheinimesetoa. / Ma olen (Karl Kask). / Teisipaevani. Ex14 Kas ma voin midagi kiisida? / Kas siin hotellis on internetithendus? / Kui palju see maksab? / See on vaga rore. Kus'ma siin suitsetada tohin? / Kus ma saan raha vahetada? / Aitih. Head aega. Ex15 Kas ma saan pithapdeval kolmeks tunniks bowlingusaali kinni panna? / Kas saab tulla kell neli? / Kaheksakesi. / Ma arvan, et kolmest rajast piisab. Ex16 INo you can’t because the hairdresser works in the evening on Tuesdays. 2Ma sooviksin esmaspievaks aega kinni panna. 3Kella kiimneks. 4Ma sooviksin juukseid Idigata ja -varvida. Ma sooviksin juuksed liihemaks Idigata. 5. She asks, how much shall I cut? 6, She asks, what colour shall we make (your hair)? 7. She asks, shall I also make a hairdo? 8. She will make your hair wet. 9. She is going to wash your hair. Ex17 Tere! / Mu kell laks katki, / Jah. Palun. / Vga hea. Mis tal viga on? / Teeme nii, 317 S8S{OU8Xe oy} 0} Adya = J ‘SES1oJEXe ey} 0} Aoy Unit 12 Exi ltext a, 2text b, 3textb 4text a Stext a 6text b 7text b 8text a 9text a, text b 10—11—12text a 13—14text a, text b 1Stext a 16]t is not clear in text 6 if the apartment is furnished or unfurnished 17text a, text b 18 —Ex 2 1a 2b 3a 4a 5a 6b 7a Sb Ex3 text a 2text b 3text b Atexta Stext a text b 7text.a Stext a 9text b LOtext b 11text a 12text b Ex4 1b 2b 3a 4b ExS true 2true 3true 4true Sfalse, ir is allowed to move the furniture around 6true 7false, the dishwasher is between the sink and cupboard 8false, the washing machine is under the bathroom cupboard 9true 10false, a married couple lives upstairs 11 false, a single old man lives downstairs. 12false, the parking spot is in front of the house 13false, the client has a cat 14false, it is allowed to'smoke on the balcony 1Strue 16 the client wants to conclude the contract for half a yearl7false, the documents will be ready on Monday Ex 6 1a 2a 3a 4a Sa 6b 7b 8a 9b 10a Ex7 6, 8,3, 5, 4, 1, 7,2 Ex 8 1b 2g 3a 4f Sc 6e 7d Ex 9 1kolmetoaline korter 2viietoaline korter 3seitsmetoaline korter 4kahekortuseline maja Sitheksakorruseline maja 6kuueteist(kiimne) korruseline maja 7kuueteistaastane inimene 8kaheksateist(kiimne) aastane inimene 9 neljakiinme viie aastane inimene 1 Oviiekiimne kolme aastane inimene Ex10 1b 2b 3b 4a Sb 6a 7a 8b Ex11 Itrue 2true 3truc Afalse, pilt on riiuli korval. Strue 6false, muusikakeskus on riiuli peal 7false, kass on diivani peal Sfalse, raamat on laua peal 9false, tugitool on ukse lahedal 10true 11false, riiul on akna ja laua vahel Exi2 Possible answers: 1Kass on diivani peal. 2Kruusid on laua peal, 3.Raamatud on riiuli peal. 4Padi on diivani peal. 5Lilled on laua peal. 6Pilt on riuli korval. Ex 13 1peale 2peal 3juurde 4peale, korvale Spealt, taha 6taga 7pealt Speal 9ragant 1Oalla 11taha 12tagant Exl4 1Pall on laua peal. Votan palli [awa pealt. 2 Pall on laua all. Votan palli laua alt. 3Pall on teleri taga. Votan palli teleri tagant. 4Pall on riiuli juures. V6tan palli riiuli juurest. SPall on diivani ees. Voran palli diivani eest. 6Pall on ukse kérval. Votan palli ukse kérvalt. 7Pall on arvuti ja muusikakeskuse vahel. Votan palli arvuti ja muusikakeskuse vahelt. Ex15 1h How many roonts are there in this apartment? 2a On which floor is the apartment? 3e What is the overall size of the apartment? 4i Does the apartment have a balcony? Sb Is the apartment furnished? 6c Is the apartment renovated? 7£ Are the neighbours quiet? 8d Where can I park the car? 9g How big is the rent? Ex16 Tere. Mitu tuba siin on? / Kas pesumasinat tohib kasutada? / Kas naabrid on rahulikud? / Kus ma saan autot parkida? / Kui suur on iiiir? / Vaga tore. Kassab lepingu solmida pooleks aastaks? / Aitah, Ex17 1c 2a 3f 4b Si 6d 7h 8e 9g Ex18 1Vaata palun teleri peale. / Vaata palun diivani alla. / Voib-olla ta kukkus kapi taha? Unit 13 Ex1 Laura suggests to go somewhere to eat. 2Janar says that the coffee shop has fast service and good prices. 3Laura says this coffee shop, on the contrary, has very slow service, too small portions and nobody goes there. 4Janar says that Laura should suggest a place. SLaura says that this place has an interesting interiot and vety tasty food. 6 Janar is worried that this is some kind of vegetarian restaurant. ‘7Laura answers that this is not (a vegetarian restaurant). 8Janar says that they should go there then. Ex2 1false, Sirje has been to this restaurant, last time she was here last week with her colleagues 2true 3true 4false, Sirje says the roast chicken is very good Strue 6true 7false, Sirje has not drunk the house wine in this restaurant Strue 9true 10false, he will only have a cup of strong coffee 1true 12true Ex3 kasitsi tehtud nukud, puust manguasjad, punased kiiiinlad, kollased kiiiinlad, rohelised kiiinlad, ingliskeelsed eesti raamatud Ex4 1a 2b 3b 4b Sa 6a 7a 8a 9a ExS 1a 2b 3b 4b Sa 6a 7a Ex6 Ifalse, the client wants a stamp for regular mail (within Estonia) 2trie 3true 4true Steve 6talse, there is one book in the parcel 7false, the jiffy bag costs 10 crowns 8true 9true 10false, the client sends the parcel by air mail U1true 12true Ex7 1f 2a 3e 4b Sc 6d Ex8 1d 2a 3f 4b Sc 6e 7h 8g Ex? 1Ma olen eesti keelt 6ppinud neli kuud. Sa oled eesti keelt Sppinud neli kuud. Ta on eesti keelt Sppinud neli kuud. Me oleme eesti keelt Oppinud neli kuud. Te olete eesti keelt Sppinud neli kuud, Nad on eesti keelt Sppinud neli kuud. 2Ma ei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Sa ei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Ta ei ole kunagi lati keelt éppinud. Me ei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Te ei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Nad ei ole kunagi lati keelt 6ppinud. Ex10 Itekki, téekke; trepi, treppi, treppe; blankerti, blankette [mirki, mérke; karpi, karpe; torti, torte Mkuuse, kuuske, kuuski; vahta, vahte IV lugu; loa, luba, lube; poodi, poode Ex11 1a 2b 3b 4a Sa Ex12 1b 2a 3a 4b 5a 6a 7b Ex14a 2b 3b 4b Sa 6b Ex15 1b 2a 3b 4a Sb 6a Ex16 1Mitte kuhugi 2Mitte kuskil 3Mirre keegi 4Mitte midagi SMitte kellegagi 6Mitte kellelgi 7Mitte kunagi 8Mitte kellelegi Ex17 1-10 Olen kiill, Ei ole. Ex18 1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8a 9b 10a 11b 12a Ex19 1a 2b 3a 4b Sa 6b 7a Sb 9a 10b Ex20 lseda manguasja 2seda punast kiitinalt 3seda ingliskeelsec raamatut 4seda cestikeelset raamatut Sseda suurt nukku 6seda ilusat manguasja; Ineid manguasju 2neid punaseid kiiiinlaid 3neid ingliskeelseid taamatuid 4neid.cestikeelseid raamatuid Sneid suuri nukke éneid ilusaid manguasju Ex21 Kas sa oled siin restoranis varem kainud? / Kas sa oled seda suppi proovinud? / Siis ma vOtan mingi prae. Mida sina votad? / Ma votan ka grillitud kana ja friikartulid. / Ma eelistaksin Glut. / Ma ei ole kunagi varem cesti Glut joonud. / Ma vist praegu ei 319 S8SIDIEXS OY} 0} AO‘S9sIo1Exe ay} 0} Aoy 8 jaksa magustoitu siiiia. / Jah, reeme nii. Ex22 Tere! Kas teil on mitigil mingeid kasitsi tehtud nukke? / Kas need on Eestis tehtud? / Ma véran need kaks. / Jah. Whe kilekoti palun ka. / Sularahas. Palun, / Kobe otsin. Palun. Ex23 Kas te voiksite palun selle paki ara kaaluda? / Ma soovin saata selle Inglismaale. / See on CD, / Kui palju see maksab? / Kumb on kallim? / Siis vdiks olla maapost. / Kas triukitahtedega? / Kaardiga. Unit 14 Ex1 false, the tourist wants to go to a bookshop 2true 3true 4true Strue 6false, the stranger goes to town centre by trolleybuses one or two 7true 8false, the trolleybus goes to the city centre about half an hour 9true 10true Ex2 1a 2a 3a 4b Sb 6a 7a 8a 9a 10b Ex3 manguvaljak, ostukeskus, vaike park Ex4 1a 2a 3a 4b Sa 6a 7a 8b 9b 10a 11a 12b 13b Ex 1 false, she wants to rent a car 2true 3true 4false, it is not said in the dialogue that one year of driving experience is OK Strue 6true 7true 8false, it doesn’t matter to the client what kind of gear box the car has 9false, the client wants a bigger family car 10true 1 false, the jeep has automatic gearbox 12true 13true 14true Ex6 1a 2b 3b 4a 5a 6a 7b 8b 9b Ex7 1Sellel 2selle suure 3selles unes 4uue Svaiksema 6vaikese 7vdikesele S6itma, sdita, sdidan. Types of verbs I leppida, lepin; rutata, ruttan; katta, katan I véita, voidan; oodata, ootan; naidata, naitan IT mahtuda, mahun; kohata, kohtan Ex8 I Helistage! Age helistage!; Jalutage! Arge jalutage! Mangige! Arge mangige! I Oodake! Arge oodake!; Vaadake! Arge vaadake! Naidakel Arge naidake! NB! Kandke! Arge kandke! ‘Tulge! Arge tulge! Olge! Arge olge! Jooge! Arge jooge! Tooge! Arge tooge! Ex9 ilusamini, kdige ilusamini; halvemini, kdige halvemini; kdige paremini; huvitavamalt, kéige huvitavamalt; soojemalt, kéige soojemalt Ex10 1Mine iile tanava. 2Mine labi pargi. 3Mine poest mééda. 4Mine kuni ristmikuni. §Pédra vasakule, 6PGdra paremale. 7Mine iile silla. 8Mine tagasi. 9Mine poeni. Ex11 1a 2b 3b 4a Sb Ex12 1b 2a 3b 4a Sb 6a Ex13 ILngege seda raamatut! 2Helistage mulle! 3Péérake paremale! 4Vaadake siia! 5Sditke lina! 6Vétke see kaart! 7Andke mulle kaart! SMinge otse edasi! 9Olge hea! 10Tulge kohe siia! 11Tehke kiiresti! 12Arge sddge seda jaatist! 13Arge jooge nii palju Slut! 14Arge oodake mind! Ex14 Possible answers: ikiiremini, aeglasemalt 2k6vemini, /vaiksemalt 3halvemini, paremini 4huvitavamalt, igavamalt Ex15Kus sa oled? / Tule iile tanava. / Ei, poéra vasakule. / Jah. Minu maja on nurga peal. Ex16 a.Bowlingusaal on kesklinnas. b.Sa pead soitma kesklinna. c. Kéige kiiremini saad (sa) bussiga. d. Bowlingusaal on sealsamas nurga peal peaaegu bussipeatuse juures. Ex17 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Ex18 Tere! Ma sooviksin autot rentida. / Mul on vaja suuremat autot nadalayahetuseks. / Tegelikult on mul iikskGik. / Kas pelle on automaatkaigukast? / Kas rendihind tuleb ette maksta? / Aitah. sesjouexe ou; 03 AoyAuejnqeooa A ystOus ueworeg(D aasta, -, +t, -id year abielupaar, -i,-i, -¢. married couple abikaasa, -, -t,-sid spouse, husband aeg, aja,aega fime acg-ajalt now and again aegla/ne, -se, -st, -seid slow aga but abi, ahju, ahju, ahje stove, over ainult ory aita/ma, aidalta, aita/n keda? kellel midateha? to help aitah thank you, thanks ajakirjanik, -u, -ku, -ke journalist aken, alma, akent,aknaid window aku, -, +t, -sid battery alates starting from alga/ma, alafta, alga/b to start algus, -e, -t,-i beginning, start alkohool/ne, -se, -set, -seid alcoholic alla yajuta/ma, alla vajuta/da, vajuta/n alla to press down alles hoid/ima, alles hoid/a, hoian alles to keep alles ole/ma,-alles:ol/a, on alles to have (still) all/Akiri, -kirja, -kirja, -kitju signature alluy, -a, -at -aid employee alumi/ne, -se, -st,-si lower, bottom amet, -i, -it; -eid profession ammu ong ago ankeet, ankeedi, ankecti, ankeete form, (Am.) blank apteek , apteegi, apteeki, aptecke chemists apteeker, apteekri, apteekrir, apteekreid chemist arbuus, -i, -i, -e watermelon armas, armsa, armsat, armsaid darling, dear, cute, sweet armasta/ma, -da, -n keda? mida? to love arst, -i, -1,-e doctor aru saa/ma, aru saa/da, saa/n aro kellest? millest? to understand arva/ma, -ta,-n 10 guess, to think asjalik, -u, -ku, -ke sensible asu/koht, -koha, -kohta, -kohti location asu/ma, -da, -b to be located, to be situated automaatkaigukast, «i, -i, ~e automatic gear box ava/ma, -da, -n to oper baaridaam, -i, -i,-e bar tender (female) baarman, -i, -i,-< bar tender (male), barman ballett, balleti, balletti, ballete ballet blankett, blanketi, blanketti, blankette forin; (Am.) blank bowlingusaal, -i, -i, -e bowling hall broneeri/ma, -da, -n to book, to make a reservation broneering, -u, -ut, -uid reservation buss, -i,-i,-e bus bussi/juht, juhi, -juhti, -jubte bus driver bussipeatus, -e, -t,-i bus stop. CD-plaat, CD-plaadi, CD-plaati, CD- plaate CD diivan, -i, -it, -eid sofa dressi/piiksid, -pikste, -piikse trousers of sports uniform diiip, diiibi, diiipi, d¥iipe jeep edasi forward, ahead, further edasi iitle/ma, edasi titel/da, iitle/n. edasi to forward a message eclista/ma, -da, -n keda? mida? to prefer eelmi/ne, -se, -st, seid previous ees in front of ees/nimi -nime, -nime, -nimesid first name eesti Estonian Eesti-sise/ne, -se, -st,-seid domestic (lit inside Estonia) eestla/ne, -se, -st,-si_ Estonian ehitaja, -, -t,-id construction worker ei_n0, not eksemplar, -i, -i, -e copy, piece ela/ma,-da-n to live elamurajoon, -i, -i, -e diwelling district elekter, clektri, elektrie electricity elu/tuba, -toa, -tuba, -tube’ living room e-mail, «i, -i,-e e-mail enamik, -u, -ku,-ke most eraldi "separately eriarst,-i, -i, -c specialist doctor etendus, -e, -t, -i play show, performance ette maks/ma, etre maks/ta, maksa/n ette to pay in advance ettekandja, «,-t,-id waitress film, -i, i, -< film filmiklassika, -, -t film classics firma, -, d company, business firma/juht, =juhi, -juhei, -juhte director of a business frii/kartulid, -kartulite, -kartuleid. french fre fuajee, -,-d, -sid (hotel) lobby ie eng, -U, “Ut, - -uid hairdo done with the bot air blower Baas, -i, -i, -e gas garantii/remont, -remondi, -remonti warranty repairs grilli/ma, -da, -n to roast, to broil ‘(over fire or hot coals) stip, eripi, grippi flu ghaigekassa -, -t,-sid (workmen's) sick-fund hakka/ma, haka/ta, hakka/n mida tegema? to start hakkama saa/ma, hakkama saa/da, saa/n hakkama kellega? millega? to manage hambaarst, -i, i, -¢. dentist hammas, hamba, hammast, hambaid. tooth hapukoor, -¢, -t sour créme, smetana hapu/kurk, - kurgi, -kurki, -karke pickled: cucumber haridus, -e,-t education harjunud ole/ma, harjusud oll/a, ole/n harjunud kellega? millega? mida tegema? to be used to hea, -, -d, haid good helista/ma, -da, -n kellele? to call (on the phone), to ring hetk, hetke, hetke, hetki moment hiljem ater hind, hinna, hinda, hindu price hinnavahe, -, -t, -sid price difference hirmsasti rerribly hirmus, hirmsa, hirmsat, hirmsaid terrible, rerribly homme tomorrow hommik, -u, -ut, -uid morning hommikupoole i# the morning, forenoon hommikust s68/ma, hommikust sitii/a, s66/n hommikust to eat breakfast hommiku/séék, -s66gi, -sddki, -sodke breakfast hotell, -i, -i,-c hotel buvitav, -a, -at, -aid hasti nicely, well o 8 I 3 g g 2 7 o @ = interesting igasugu/ne, -se, -st, seid arty kind of, all kind of ilm, -a, -a weather ilma without ilmselt probably ilus, -a, -at,-aid beautiful imelik, -u, -ku, -ke strange info/leht, -lehe, -lehte, -lehti information sheet infopunkt, -i, -i,-e information desk, information office inglise English ingliskeel/ne, -se, -set, -seid in English (language) inime/ne, -se, -st,-si_ person, man, buman being interjdér, -i, -i, -e interiorinternet, interneti, internetti internet internetiiihendus, -e, -t, -i internet connection ise, enda, ennast yourself isegi ever iseloom, -u, -u,-e character, nature isikukood, -i, -i, -e personal code, identification code istu/ma, -da,-n fo sit isu,-,-;-sid appetite ja and jaga/ma, -da, -n to divide jah yes jahu, -, ~ flour jaksa/ma, -ta, -n mida teha? to beable to jalg, jala, jalga, jalgn foot, also leg jalga pane/ma, jalga pann/a, pane/n jalga to wear, to puton (used for footwear and trousers) jalgpall, -i,~i,-¢ football, (Am.) soccer jalg/ratas, -ratra, -ratast, -rattaid bicycle jaluta/ma, «da, -n to walk jook, joogi, jooki, jooke drink, beverage jooks/ma, joos/ta, jookse/n to. runt, to be on show joo/ma, juwa, joo'n to drink Jope, =, -t, sid _ jacket juba already, in this case juhend, -i, -it, -eid instruction juhi/load, -lubade, -lube driving licence juhistaai, -i,-i driving experience juhtu/ma, -da, -b to happen just just,.exactly, precisely juttw aja/ma, juttu aja/da, aja/n jure kellega? to have a chat, to talk juuksed, juuste, junkseid hair juuksur, -i,-it, eid hairdresser juurde maks/ma, juurde maks/ta, maksa/n juurde to pay extra juures at, near juust, -u,-u cheese jacele mine/ma, jarele minn/a, lahe/n jarele kellele? millele? kubut to fetch, to get jargmi/ne, -se, st, -si_ next ja 7, *€, -€, ci lake faa, -,-d ice ka also, too kaart, kaardi, kaarti, kaarte card, bank card kaasa tule/ma, kaasa tull/a, tule/n kaasa kellega? to came along, to come with kaasa yot/ma, kaasa vott/a, vota/n kaasa to take along, to take with you kabinet, -i, -ti, -te room, surgery kaebus, -e, =, -i complaint kaela pane/ma, kaela pann/a, pane/n kaela to wear, to put on (used with ties and scarves) kaheinimese/tnba, -toa, -tuba, -tubasid double room kahetoali/ne, -se, -st, -si, vo roomed) (apartment) kahju ole/ma, kahiu oll/a, on kahju to feel sorry kahjuks unfortunately kaks, kahe, kaht two kala, -, -, -kalu fish kallis, kalli, kallist, kalleid expensive kange, -, -t,-id strong kapp, kapi, kappi, kappe wardrobe, closet, cupboard kardinad, kardinate, kardinaid curtains karp, karbi, karpi, karpe box kartulisalat, -i, -it,-eid potato salad kas interrogative particle used in questions kass, -i, -i,-¢ cat kassa, -, -t, -sid ticket office kaste, kastme, kastet, kastmeid sauce kasuta/ma, -da, -n ida? to use kasv,-u,-u height kasva/ma, -da, -n t0 grow’ kate, katte, katet, katteid cover katki mine/ma, katki minn/a, lahe/b katki to break kaubanduskeskus, -e, -t, -i department store, (Am.)mall shopping centre kaunis, kauni, kaunist, kauneid beautiful kauplus, -e,-t,-i shop kava, -, -,-sid programme kavatse/ma, -da, -n mida teha? to intend keel, -e, -t,-i language kehtiy, -a, -at, -aid valid kell, -a,-a,-i clock kella/aeg, -aja, -aega, -aegu time, time of the day kellena?. As who? kelner,-i,-it, -eid waiter kena, -,-, -sid nice, handsome keraamili/ne, -se, -st,-si_ ceramic kerge, -,-t, id light kes, kelle keda who keskeali/ne, -se, -st, -si middle aged keskel in the middle kesk/kiite, -kiicte, -kiitet_ central heating kesklinn, -a, -a, -i city center kiire, at -id fast kindad, kinnaste, kindaid gloves kindlasti for sure, certainly Kingad, kingade, kingi shoes Kinki/ma, -da, kingi/n to give (as a present) kinni closed kinni pane/ma, kinni pann/a, pane/n kinni #0 book, to close kinnisvaramaakler, -i, -it, -eid real estate broker kino, -, -, -sid cinema kipsi pane/ma, kipsi pann/a, pane/n kipsi to put into plaster Kiri, kirja, kirja, kirju Jetter kirik, -u, -ut, -uid church kirja pane/ma, kirja pann/a, pane/n kirja to write down _— ole/ma, kirjas oll/a, on kirjas to be written Kirjuta/ma, -da, -n to write Aivi/maja, -maja, -maja, -maju sfone building Adient, kliendi, klienti, kliente client koer, -a,-a,-i dog kogemns, -¢,-t,-i experience kohal ole/ma, kohal oll/a, ole/ kobal to be present kohal above kohale joud/ma, kohale jéud/a, joua/n kohale to get to kohalik, -u, -ku, -ke. ocal (person) kohe at once, immediately, now, right away koht, koha, kohta, kohti place kohtu/ma, -da,-n fo meet kohupiima/pirukas, -piruka, -pirukat,

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