INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Dr.C.S.RANGARAJAN

1.Whose work has made significant advances in

the field of industrial relations theory?
a) David Easton b) MacIver and Page
c) Peter Drucker d) J.T.Dunlop

2. …………….. published his seminal work on

industrial relations systems.
a) Craig b) Flanders c) Dunlop d) Allen.

3.Who is the author of the book ‘industrial relations

systems’? a) Barrett b) Dunlop c) Chamberlain
d) Hyman.

4. Reformer in the area of industrial relations must

work on the basis of which one of the following?
a) What is possible b) What the reformer wishes the
situation to be c) Curtailing challenges to
managerial authority d) Past practices

5. Whose work provided the first significant and

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comprehensive framework for studying industrial
relations system?
a) Craig b) Flanders c) Allen d) Dunlop.

.6. Who explained IRS as follows: ‘Why particular

rules are established in particular industrial relations
systems and how and why they change in response to
changes affecting the system’:
a) Flanders b) Allan Fox c) Dunlop d) Kahn-
Freund
7. Who developed the view that the main function of
industrial relations is rule-making and the study of
industrial relations, a study of the institutions of job
regulation
a) Dunlop b) Flanders c) Kahn-Freund d) Allan Fox

8. If Economics deals with a system of markets, then

industrial relations is a system of which one of the
following?
a) Rules b) Inter-personal relations c)production
d) Governance.
9.One among the following has explicitly stated that
industrial relations is a system of Rules?
a) Eldridge b) Kornhauser c) Parker d) Dunlop

10.The industrial Relations System revolves around

the following ‘3 C’s’ except one.
a) Consent b) Constraint c) Constable d) Conflict

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11.Aside from Man, Money, Machine, and
Motivation, which one is the fifth ‘M’ all Enterprises
are almost concerned with?
a) Morality b) Morale c) Mentor d) Market

12. All except one are the constituents of ‘3 P’s’ of

behaviour pattern employers inculcate among
workers
a)Patience b)Prescribed c) Permitted d) Prohibited

13. Except one, all are the ‘3 T’s’ workers are

concerned with?
a) Tea b) Towel c) Toilet d) Travel

14.The Latin word ‘Poena’ from which the word

‘work is derived means
a) Pain b) Pleasure c) Sorrow d) Routine

15. Which one of the following approaches uses as a

heuristic device to offer the most comprehensive
way of identifying, analyzing, synthesizing and
evaluating the strategic variables of an industrial
retains system?
a) Action b) System c) Marxist d) Unitarist

16. In which approach, besides its own inputs

(within-puts), the system receives inputs from the

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environment and converts inputs into outputs for the
use of its own as well as environmental sub-system.
a) System b) Action c) Marxism d) Radicalism

17. All, except one are referred to as the ‘inputs’

(within puts) of an industrial system,
a) Goals, b) Values c) power of actors in the
system d) social structures.

18, The open system framework for analysis of

industrial Relations systems consists of all the
following basic components except one.
a) Inputs b) procedures for converting inputs into
outputs c) Breakdown of mechanism d) Outputs and
feedback loops

19. All are components of a definition of Industrial

Relations Systems except one.
a) A complex of private and public activities
b) Manifest and latent pressures.
c) Operating in an environment concerned with
allocation of rewards to employees for services
d) Conditions under which services are rendered

20. Which one of the following is not described as a

major theoretical perspective or framework in
industrial relations?
a) Calvinism b) Unitarianism c) Pluralism

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d) Radicalism

21.Which perspective perceives the organization as

an integrated and harmonious whole with the ideal of
"one happy family"?
a) Radical b) Pluralist c) Feminist d) Unitary

22. Which perspective sees the organization as being

made up of powerful and divergent sub-groups,
a) Unitary b) Feminist c) Pluralist d) Radical

23. Mutually exclusive nature of loyalty existing

between employees and organizations makes
…………unnecessary.
a) Supervision b) Trade Unions. c) Control
d) Coordination

24. Which one of the perspective views conflict

as disruptive and pathological.
a) Unitary b) Marxist c) Pluralist d) Radical

25. Under which perspective the role of management

would lean less towards enforcing and controlling
a) Unitary b) Feminist c) Radical d) Pluralist

26. Under which perspective, the role of

management
leans more toward persuasion and coordination.

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a) Unitary b) Feminist c) Pluralist d) Radical

27. Which perspective considers Trade Unions as

legitimate representatives of employees.
a) Unitary b) Pluralist c) Feminist d) Radical

28. Which perspective sees that conflict can be

channeled towards evolution and positive change,
a) Pluralist b) Unitary c) Feminist d) Radical

29. ‘An organization divided against itself cannot

stand’ :Which perspective subscribes to this view?
a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) Radical d) Unitary

30. The emphasis that ‘Common objectives and

common values unite and bind all participants
together’ is placed by which frame of reference?
a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) Unitary d) Radical

31…….. projects the enterprise as a coalition within

which management plays a neutral balancing role
between stakeholders-shareholders, consumers,
employees etc.
a) Radicalism b) Pluralism c) Marxism d) Unitary

32. Collective bargaining is seen by ,,,,,,,,,, as one of

the most important bulwarks for the preservation of
democracy within an industrial complex.

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 a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) chauvinist d) Unitary

33. The roots of inequalities of power and economic

wealth lie in the nature of capitalist economic system:
Which perspective subscribes to this view:
a) Pluralism b) Unitary c) Calvinism d) Radicalism

34.Which perspective holds that conflict is inevitable

and trade unions are a natural response to prevent
exploitation by capitalists?

a) Pluralism b) Unitary c) Radicalism d) Calvinism

35. One of the following does not constitute the

features of Unitary perspective.
a) Unified authority b) Consultation and negotiation
c)Loyalty structure d) legitimating of managerial
authority.
36. Which one of the schools of thought worked with
an ideology strongly unitary in nature?
a) Human Relations b) Chicago c) Ecological
d) Oxford.

37. Peter Drucker’s phrase ‘triple personality’ of a

business enterprise includes all institutions but one?
a) economic b) political c) social d)
educational

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38.In Industrial Sociology one of the earliest
examples of System Analysis is contained in the
book entitled as …………………………
a)Closed System and Open Minds
b)Sociology and Industrial Life
c) Management and the Worker
d)The changing culture of a Factory

39. The Management and the Worker was authored

by
a)Gluckman b)Roethlisberger and Dickson
c) Eldridge d) Jacques.
40. All except one are the points, which make
subscribers to the unitary view assimilate trade unions
into their ideology.
a) Unions do not violate organizational logic of
business enterprise,
b) Unions are seen as historical carry-over
c) Unions are an outcome of sectional greed
/lack of understanding of interests
d) Union power can be used to subvert existing social
order.
41. Which perspective recognizes the individuals and
groups with their own aspirations and their own
perceptions of the structure?
a) Calvinism b) Marxism
c) Unitarianism d) Pluralism
42. Which term is used to mean that individuals

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 and groups with widely varying priorities agree to
collaborate in social structures
a) Coordination b) Collision c) Coalition
d) Cooperation
43.The term ‘coalition’ is used in their work ‘A
behavioral theory of organizational objectives’ by
a)Miller and Form b) Cyert and March
c) MacIver and Page d)Kornhauser and Dubin

44.For ensuring economic viability, an enterprise seen

as a complex of tensions and competing claims, needs
to be managed: Which perspective views thus?

a) Pluralist b) Unitary c ) Feminist d) Radical

45.Management makes its decisions within a

complex set of constraints, which include all
except one.
a) Consumers b) Suppliers c) Employees
d) Debtors

46.Clark Kerr observed that pluralistic industrial

system can only operate on its recognizing the
philosophy of
a) Live, let die b) Altruism c) Mutual survival
d) Balances of justice

47.In his work ‘Beyond Tolerance’ Wolff spells

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 out that the goal of ……………….is a rough parity
among competing groups.
a) Radicalism b) Pluralism c) Unitarianism
d) Feminism
48.Which one is seen “as a theory of the social
foundation of freedom”?
a) Pluralism b) Unitarianism c) Utilitarianism
d) Socialism
49, Selznick holds that while resting its hopes on
civil antagonism…………sees in group conflict a
benign disorder.
a) Socialism b) Unitarianism c) Utilitarianism
d) Pluralism
50. What is meant by ‘Intercursive power
relations’ which is a characteristic feature of
pluralism?
a) Asymmetrical power b) Integral power c) Balance
of power d) Irreducible autonomy.

51. In industrial relations pluralism, Clark Kerr echoes

which principle of Galbraith?
a) Accommodation b) Countervailing power
c) Antagonistic cooperation d) Goodwill
52. The survival needs of both the unions and
management call for recognition of ……………….
a) Mutual dependence b) special interest
c) Voluntarism d) Balance of forces.

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 53. In which system of power, ‘the parts checking
and counter-checking each other’ occurs?
a) Bureaucratic b) Aristocratic c) Autocratic
d) Pluralistic

54. …………… refers to relations where power of

each party is countervailed by that of the other with
procedures for bargaining or joint decision making
a) Irreducible autonomy b) Integral
c) Intercursive d) Asymmetry

55. In response to the,………….. of the organized

constraint mechanisms, management forges its
compromises or rises above them with some new
synthesis
a) Criticisms b) Pressures c) Absence
d) Complexity.

56. Besides being a historical carry-over ,,,,,,,,,,,, are

just another manifestation of one of the basic values
of competitive, pressure group,
a) Trade unions b) Cartel c) Buyers
d) Distributors

57. Which one of the following ‘above a certain

level is felt to be evidence that ground rules need
change?’
a) Stress b) Pressure c) Strain d) Conflict

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58. All the three except one are the concepts
employed by Homans in his study of The Human
Group while offering another form of systems
analysis.
b) Activity b) Sentiment c) Motivation
d) Interaction.
59. For Roethlisberger and Dickson, organization is
seen as the vehicle of a system of all the following
except one.
a) Beliefs b) Energizers c) Practices
d) Efficiency
60. Open systems-thinking is clearly necessary to
allow full consideration of the …………… factors.
a) Environmental b) Internal c) Processual
d) Transformational
61. ………………..is concerned with employment
relationships, and its central characteristic or focus is
employment in all its aspects.
a) Sociology b) Economics c) Organizational
behaviour d) Industrial Relations

62. Which one is defined as ‘the study of people in a

situation, organization, or system interacting in the
doing of work in relation to some form of contract
either written or unwritten’.
a)Industrial sociology b) Organizational behaviour
c)Industrial relations d) Labour Economics

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 63. All except one of the following subscribe to the
view that Rule making is the core of industrial
relations.
a) Gerald Somers b) Schein c) Allan Flanders
d) Dunlop.
64. Besides facilitating interaction…………. help
communication, constrain discretion, ensure equality
and serve as escape mechanism.
a) Rules b) Supervisors c) Personnel Department
d) Standing orders.
65. The formulations of what is now termed
‘classical’ management theory originated in the woks
of…………….
a) Peter Drucker b) Adam Smith
c)G.C. Homans d) F.W.Taylor
66. Social Action approach in the study of Industrial
Relations is advocated in whose work?
a) Eldridge b) Fox c) Goldthorpe d) Flanders

67. Which one of the systems is seen as lagging

behind to respond adequately to the quickening pace
of change?
a) Economic system b) Industrial relations system
c) Social system d) Legal system
68. ‘Developments within industrial relations systems
feed back to and influence the wider society’ : Who
holds this view?

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a) Alton W.J.Craig b) Fox c) Flanders d) Donovan

69. ‘The closer the goals, values and power of the

actors in the system, the less likelihood is there to be
much ……………..within the system’ :
a) Cooperation b) Discipline c) Consultation
d) Conflict
70.Which one of the following relates to justice,
which Peter Drucker,calls upon industrial enterprise
to fulfil
a) Autonomy b) Leadership c) Equal
opportunities d) Participation.
71. Which one of the following concepts Peter
Drucker uses to refer to ‘recognition of individual
worth and self determination’?
a) Fairness b) Dignity of Man c) Free will
d) Rationality.
72. The main relationship for Trade Unionism
involves a ………….. between sellers on the one
hand and buyer sand thereby controllers of labour
power on the other.
a) Division of labour b) Contract c) Master-servant
d) Leadership
73.For Dahrendorf, irrespective of changes in social
relations to means of production, ………………
belongs to industrial societies.
a)Reconciliation b) Mediation Cooperationc)
d) Authoriy-derived conflict.

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 74.Conflict divides employees and employers, but
………… is seen as a straightforward means of
containing trade unionism.
a) Multiplicity of Unions b) Paternalistic union
c) Labour Law d) Withholding union recognition.

75. Trade unionism is essentially about ……………

which involves formal and informal relationships
between groups.
a) Protectivism b) Collective behaviour
c) Employee interest d) Wage increases

76.In law and by tradition, whose interests need to be

protected first among management’s obligations?

a) Stock-holders b) Employees c) Suppliers

d) Customers
77.Which one of the following is seen as a method of
defining management’s responsibility to employees?
a)Mediation b) Conciliation c) Adjudication
d) Collective bargaining

78. Even in the absence of unionism, managerial

decisions would be guided by considerations of
a) Customers b) Suppliers c) Employee welfare.
d) Financial institutions

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 79. Which view is ascribed to Dubin in relation to
characterization of a strike is concerned?
a) Last weapon in union’s armoury.
b) Continuation of collective bargaining.
c) Device to exert economic pressure.
d) Break-down in collective bargaining,

80.In a domestic negotiation, what deliberate tactic

a managerial subordinate adopts when authorized to
receive but not offer concessions?

a) Calculated incompetence. b) Carrying trial

Balloons c) Role distancing d) Surrender to
blackmail.

81. Whose name is associated with the concept

‘calculated incompetence’ in the work “A
Behavioural Theory of Labour Negotiations”?
a) Mabry b) McCarthy c) Chamberlain and
Kuhn d)Walton and McKersie.
82. ………..is regarded as the key to sustained
economic growth and rising standards of living.
a) Industrial relations b) Economic policy
c) Technical progress d) Business environment

83, ‘The introduction of important new or improved

products or processes’ is referred to as
………………..

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a) Automation b) Technical progress
c) Reversal of problem of alienation
d) Social welfare.

84. All of the following except one will serve as

some guide to the rate of technical progress.
a) Decentralization of decision making
b) Expenditure on research and development
c) Significant inventions
d) Increasing number of patents

85. Which one of the following does not constitute

the functions of dispute procedure?
a) A Face-saving device b) A power instrument
c) System meant to develop issues and , leadership
skills
d)Dysfunctional

86.Which one of the following does not carry out the

functions of engineering procedure in industrial
disputes?
a) Safety valve against spread of disputes
b) Recognizes the negotiating rights of trade unions
c) Drainage channel of workers’ grievances
d) A means by which conciliation can be initiated.

87. What is the common purpose of the three

functions of the processes involved in engineering

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procedure?
a) Protect managerial authority
b) Peaceful resolution of differences in the work
place.
c) Offer guidance as to the nature of resolution
process.
d) Forestall victimization of employees

88. Marsh in his ‘Industrial Relations in

Engineering’ has categorized engineering procedure
as a form of…………..
a) Employer conciliation
b) Adjudication
c) Arbitration
d) Mediation

89. One among the following is not a process meant

to resolve workplace differences between employers
and employees?
a) Adjudication b) Bargaining c)
Conciliation
d)Voluntary arbitration

90. In which method of dispute resolution, the

proceedings are conducted by respective
representatives?
a) Conciliation b) Adjudication c) Bargaining
d)Arbitration

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 91. The conduct of proceedings in Conciliation is in
the hands of a) a judge b) a neutral outsider
c)an outsider but hardly a ‘neutral’. d) A mutually
accepted outsider.

92. Which one is seen by Peter Drucker as having

‘an internal order based on authority and
subordination, that is on power relationships’?
a) Business enterprise b) Family c) Trade Union
d)School

93. The only aspect of business enterprise with

which industrial relations is concerned is
…………….. aspect.
a) Paternalistic b) Monetary c) welfare
d) Employment

94. If Industrial Relations is a system of rules, one

kind of rules is called procedural rules. Which one
of the other?
a) Collective b) Narrative c) Substantive
d) Descriptive

95. Those regulated by procedural rules have

sometimes been called ………….
a) Interpretative b) Collective relations
c) Descriptive d) Substantive

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 96. The ……………….. rules of collective
bargaining regulate the making, interpretation and
enforcement of agreements.
a) Procedural b) Descriptive c) Substantive d)
Narrative
97. Which clauses of rules refer to rate of wages,
working hours, job terms and conditions covered by
agreements.
a) Procedural b) Narrative c) Interpretative
d) Substantive
98. The end product of ……………is to establish
rights and obligations, which together define status.
a) Sanctions b) Orders c) Rules d) Taboos

99. Which one of the rules of industrial relations can

be said to settle the status of parties participating in
job regulations?
a) Substantive b) Procedural c) Narrative
d) Interpretative

100. ………………rules of industrial relations,

besides attaching various rights and obligations to
jobs, fix a rate for the job and thus settle issue of
status.
a) Substantive b) Procedural c) Narrative
d)Interpretative

REFERENCE

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 Brian Barrett, E D Rhodes
and John Beishon (Eds) ‘Industrial
Relations and Wider Society:Aspects of
Interaction, London, Collier Macmillan
1975

ANSWER D
1,,5,9,13,17,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,73,
77,81,85,89,93,97

ANSWER C
2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66,70,74,
78,82,86,90,94,98

ANSWER B
3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75,
79, 83,87,91,95,99

ANSWER A

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4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,
80,84,88,92,96,100.

Note: Right Answers to Questions 1 to 4

are as follows
1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a
This d,c,b,a pattern is maintained for rest of the
questions.

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