Contents

Fo lrR orde oEis: pt%e,cou. r Bmt poinrLld. {a Mi tbn pt. \ b.ngdon.

O^on
u^r44 rD. rtep ho ne: / 44i0t ?154O 0a, 4. Fd, . |J , 0t ) J 5 r 0 oI4irna. , d r o F n d o T
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@rce.
Em Gss: orde6@booL?oinr..o.u
k
tu' U S.{ & cedd ordqueri$. p'eM coac,\ rc/Co0Fpom4 pubsh
ng.425,
w*r loubya\fll.. iocot\ad. Ltnob064 ,o?s.L S.A. t;kDt";n
r84,;_a j5oo.
In"qgHoMed tu,'te a dikh e sur io. !el_gu,.red
tem ns _ s, moflhd JO
nlon rcp e \ $ td q dtdt r id e r / d. r r ar , . ar * r t ui0! t ud \ o v e r 2 o 0 r i r t *, n e
ner or rdgldg6. !rdt. hobhie..ud oer tcire turie,.
Rinsh bnry Catltaguihg in pubtetion Data
ca|aloeuentry l rhis rid is avaiblefion IIE Briish Lihry.
Librury o Cohgres cataloR cnd NMber O\ tire_

Inpqsion rober
Ye

1O 9 4 7 6 5 4 3 2
2oO42r$3 m02 2@l 2uN 1999

2 t kudtbna k$'khona klray

20

_32

Meetingagint thMurays' home

Ukwazi ukuthetha isixhosa

Knowinghowto speak)<hosa

44

Ukuthetha ngorsebzt_
Speking
aboutwork

58

Uyithnd nJnl lkou yakho?

How doyoukeyoul coffee?

73

Nifu dmele ngokrraneleyo?

Ae youwrmenough?

87

Coptright @ I999 BevneyKnsch md silvia Skrse.

I?ese by Tenset Linted, Covenry. Enlmd.

Pbd inCrfl Britainror H@dq & s,o;gfro0 Fducdion,t,cd \.sonor
Hoddd
HeddmPl! 3Je Eu..m R@d.rnndonvwt JBH bJ cor & \Ivrn
Ld. Rddr
BdkshiF

lntuoduciion
Gettngacquted
on anaeroplare

Tl' T.h Yolrel' nne dd logo se Eebred rde IMIG of Ho,l.tq

& Stogbton Lr.L

1, U(: .ishts sened. No parrf is pubtiqtion my bc repm.tced

or lrnsmittcdi
tu-yb..Jn or_bydl nds. deror.
mechical, nciudi pholocopt erding, or
aDyirr
omr on :lordeemd Eie\tsJnen s,nou, pmi\ror in
n".,r,i
",rrg idte,
Dmrre o Hder bme lrr,be copy .sh, | ,.nsi1A a"mq | ,niEd
ot,
^ffir,eMq'd
pme!! rep'odu.r,o,,aJ beoDrd.ned.ofr e.prri8h,
L ei(rs agenc\| tuEd.o0 Tomlh I our Roaa,Ld dor $ lpoHl
'
/, / \: crlrihl. F.eaeJ. \o pd or r, bool d) berp,Jdu-d. rord,n
a Eje\al
\ysG. o d m" nrue'lIn 0) lor. or b\ dnyme\, etecuonjc.
ma hL! 1,pho.o@\
uosw e. qrhl p d oemi'rirn oi vC or.mmrd pubLsh,neCo;IranJ. ins.
-

Ukwazana k-eropleni

F^t publishedin uK 199 by HodderEeadineplc, 338EuslonRoad,

Londo., inv I 3BH.
F i^ rDub she d'nSt a @b\ M c r . onFm por a, . y pubir h,n a . , 1 2 5 5f owdJ
ALenre,
Unolwood rch'caeo),nnors6O4G97j.U.S a

Acknowledgements

a
I

UJenng emsbenzlnl 'Maslthe lslxhosa'

Jennyat work- Lt'sspeak)ftos

103

UThandi emsebozini 'Ndingugqirha Thamsnq'

Thandiat wok- ' n D Thamsnqa'

116

UPeter emsebenzini Kirstenbosch _

Peterat workat Ki$tenbosch

130

ACKNOWIEDGEMENTS

lo

UThemba emsebenzlni - udliurano-ndlebe

149

Themba at wo* - an intelview

l1

Ndi[gathetha noMnumzana Thamsanqa? _ 164

May I speakto Mr Thansnq?

t2

Kmdlalo weqakamba
At thecricketmtch

177

1 3 Msiye kula rqsdnr intsha!

797

Lt'sgoto thtnewrcstauant!
14

Ukuenga impahla nezinto nto

zkwaNtu zesiNtu

2ll

Buing clotlesandvaiousAfiican as ndcafts

1 5 Iinkathazo zohambo
Tlavewoes

l6

Umz a welifa llkaxhosa

)ftosheritagtrit

241

Translaiions o dialogues
Ke!' to execises

Xhosafnglish

Acknowledgements
li is impossibto qniiy RlphKsch's pt in helping us to bring ths
book to ftrion. His inieest, suppo, lechnicldvicendespecilyhis
generosityof spint ae wtfiling.
We would also like to thDt Ms TheresSoci fo her help wi pmof
readingandfor the mnyusefi sggestonsshemade.
We re giefu to the olowing copyight oxnes for pe.mission to
epoducetexts andphotographs:
David Philip Pubishesery) Ltd, CpeTow
Fort HareUniversity,Aice, EasternCape
JohnMumy, LondoD
'WitwatesandUnivesity hess, Johannsburg
HeinenanDPublishen (Pty) Ltd, Johannesbug
SundayIndependent,JoharesbE
MskewMiler Loneran, CapeTown
Little, Brown, UK
BducmPublishes,Haffway House
Bona,Duban

Photographs

vocabulary

English-Xhosa vocabula4r

308

Btbliogtaphg

315

Index

31',7

TV Bulpn, Muizenbeg,CapeTo\In
Newspapen,Cape Tovrn
lndepenalent
NationalBotnicalInstitute,Kistenbosch,CpeTow
Dcpartmentof WaterAffais, Petoria
United Cricket Boad of Sou Africa, Nothlands,Johannesbug
Bon,Dubn
Maccrcgor Museum,Kimberley
NationalGallery,CapeTowr
Mayibuye Centre,Univesity of the WestemCape
Loon Cominunictions
FirLdy, CpeTown
mct

lmvo
& Hone
SAOardn

Introduction

About Xhosq
Tle word Xhos comesftom thenmeof a legendarychie. In ddion to
Engish andAfrikans,ere are nine ofEcial languagef SouihAfrica.
These nine belong to e Sb-SharanBau o .lintr fmily of
anguages,
Xhosa, Zulu, NdebeleaDdSwti colstitute the Nguni gmup, Soutbem
Sotho,Pedi (Nohem Sotho)andTswancostitutethe Soo gop.
Venda andTsonga(Shngan)do not belong to eie the Nguni or the
Sothogrop.
Xhos, PresidentMandel's mother tongue.is the souemmost of the
nine Afticar languagesnd togethe with Zulu, e most widely spoken
lngagein SouthAfica, is spokenby appmxim-arely
l8 pe cenrof South
Afticans, d vast njodry of whom live in e EastemandWestea Cap
'... history hs poved that the )Closa languageis one of the
tenaciousyendudngeementsof )ftosa crre for it hasmaintaineda
firn fooold on SouthemAfrican soil, gowing like an evergreen,
deep-rooted
te,ndhasnnifesteditsef asa dlnmic, vibnt, vhile
langugedptbleto, anddevelopingin hmmonyt, the changing
enviotrment in that il spmuts new wods and expressionsro
accommodte
new concptsandctural itemsnd,to arevengreier
extent,horbs and xhosaizesforeign words and terms.This i. did
oiginaly from te Khoisanlanguages,s extendingard eDrihing
ts vocbuayandspeechsoundsysiem,ndfor thepasthundredyears
hsbeen doing [so] ftom Dutch andAlrjas and in is centuy
espciayftom English with which e anaxosa cameinro close
contctthroughthe schoolsthat werc estabshed
by the missionies
of variousdenominations,.-'
L,9itrtis used6y Pl in his dictiondy s a vdio ofadh. ln Xhos! irNt denotese
lalguaee or aryine ch@tdistic, e.s. .Lss,cston of th aru Ntu d e ardlsaNt. ir
e &s@ndmis of Nu, ir gn.laryposflitor Patn,H.w (ed.) Thcreater Dictiarr
o/xnda, vol. 3. Alice Univeniry ol Fon Hare, 1989.

IMRODUCTION
It was the Scottish missionary John Bnnie of Lovedale who first
recodede Xho6a languageand poducde fust witten texts using
the Latin alphabet wi e letters c, q, x epresentinge three click
sounds.The clicks ndsoundssuchas '' (pronouncedlike e Aftikaans
initial 'g'in 'goe-d'o the German'ch'in 'nach') restiy ro e influenceof
the Khoi and Str lnguages spoken by the irdigenous herdes and
hunteNof SouthemAfric with whom the vadousXhosa tribeshad erly
trdintimateconlctThis iDfluence is also rcflected in some geogmphical names e.g.
Keiskamma(gez'$^ter). Anotler manifesttronof this influence is i
lhe coexistenceof slnonyms takenfrom the Khoi lnguage,for example:
tyani / tngcs (grss)
tmu / ,lgwha (shep)
,rrthkthi / igqwia Gocere)
In more rccent yeaff many Engsh and Afikans words have been
'xlssed' , for example:
irikolo (school)
ibhokisi box)
rtshini (machine)
andcomplexlanguageoriginting ftom a large
Xhos is a heteogeneos
anddivenified goup with manychiefsandclans.Until themid- 1950sthe
Xhos spoken by dtnllccalek nd drzaR.hrhabe (also known as
dn,aNgqikaor Tbhirvoxhosa)' was egariledas standd lelary )ftosg
- 'is (ho6esithethwangmaNgqikomgqba'- but nowdaysthe
variations of e dilects o the oer groups fuher Dor, nam
draMbo o Fingoes, drdThembu, /mdBomvn, atn Mpondo and
druMpondomise, arc also cceptedin e witten languge.Lile all
langages, everyday colloquial Xhos differs fom that fond in
'aumiative' grarDmars.Similady, languageusagoften diffen not oDy
from rcgion to rcgion, but also from genention to genemlon, and you
may encounterthesedifferenceswhen convesingwith )ftosa speakes.

md ,ruRlrhtlE r nmedaner e two brctheE. chf Golk otrd

'tuGelk!
cniefRhrhhe. Ngqle NasRhan.h's g@dsn.

XHOSA

INTRODUCTION

The book is divided into 1 units which rangefom bsclunctioN rnd

lmguageusagein e initial units to moe vaied ndcompexusagein thc
laterunits.The inclusion of materialIiom )ahosaltertuendmagazies
is aimdat encougingtutter readine.
Echnit consistsof
l-

'
-r
aba-\ ,L-

\ t-,
l-

l
eq
'o;:)

r.tsq,xatq^L\

f",
amaRhab;4t6;

o."t',*a{

I a list of tunctions
t a dialogue(tucoko) E settingout the situationandtunctions
I a vocabulary(irign) box I wittr atl new words andexpressions
andexoandsupone
I a 'How to ...'sec[on N which surnmarises
firnctionsdealt with in the conve$aon
I a 'How it wo*s' section l which expla;nstheganmtical stlctues
asthey occur e coDversations
andexec1ses
I a 'How to apply it' section E comprising a numbe oi exercisesto
help you to evaluateyou pro$ess and you bfiry to apply the new
vocabulryand stucturesyou bavelearnt.
ln e initial uts, useful idiomtic expressionsand phseswhich clop
up in the conversationsare highlighted in a 'Try ro memorise'box. You
will ndestandeir grammaticalstructureas you pmgressough the

About this boolc

Cultual information and songs arc included thoughout the couse.

Tr.nsltionsofe dialoguesof each unit nd the key to exercisesre
found fter the last unit followed by a Xhosa-Engish vocabulary, n
Englishiftos vocabulary,n index anda bibliogaphy.

Teachyorselfxhosais ]JJ.ended
for all rvhoareinrerestedin leamingoneof
themos.widely spokenAficn anguges
ir SourhAftjca-

The use of contrasting Erpefces

It is aimed. both SouthAfricans andsitos ro SourhAfric. andai ose

who are leming Xhosaftom satcbas well as tosewho would ike to
bush up their existing skills. As s.!ch,it shouldbenef studenrsr high
schoolandunivenity level, as well asthosenvovedin adt education.
wlrcever possible,the communcativeaspecrof rhe languagehasbeen
emphsisedwhich hashopefulyesultedin a coursewhich is usefund
practicl. Cutural backgondad infomarion forms an inregpat of

Oneof the most siking featuresof Xhos is the combinaon of different

pas of speechinto 'single' wod. Thus e eqvalent of 'I at Jnny'
is 'NdrgJe ry'- We hve used contrs.ing t)"efaces to identify e
componebtsof Xho6a wordsnd sentencesasi[ustated herc. In oder to
of Uits l-3. In
establishthis usge,theseme usedin 11components
Units 4 16 contastngtypefaceshve only beenusedin ceain sections
whee they e useful in explining grmmar.Engshtranslationsare in
Xhos, ndtheefoealmo
the sametypefacesasthe coresponding
lwavsself-exolnatorv.

lo

XHOSA

K.y to tfi ur. f brpefo.6:

Tofird elamplesconsulttheindex.
Italici:
I nounpref*s
a object concoftls,sbjectconcorlsof \owel yebs
a negativesubjectconcordsaad final -i
a adjectival, relati,e, possessiyeco cords and.sufit'-yo'
I recenlpast tente su,frxes'-ile' and'-e'
a -ni n instructons
a emphaticpronounsprecededby n-, ku-, ng- and followed
by -na
I locativeprefircs ardsffixes
a palatalisedforms of hepassive,Iocative ard dimintiye
I ideophonesar dioms.
Bod:
a slemsof Douns.verbs.adjectives.relatires
I interrogatiYs
I po6sssiveadjectiyes
I final -e of subjuncive
I negativeinixes
I elementswith shortenedemphaticpronounns-, ku-, etc.
Italicised bold:
a copullttives
I twojtr.ttaltoseil components.
Underlining:
I addedemphasis.

tl

INTRODUCION

Worth knowing before embarkng on

ths course
Befoe you startthis couse,it would be useful to makeyourselvesaware
of someof the strilong chaacteisticsof the Xho6alnguage.

The lacing of uords

Oneofe most strildng differcncesbetween)oosa andEngshsentence
constructionsis at Xosa 'laces' wods togeiher whefe English has
mostly sepatewords:
NdingrJny
Ilm Jt'ry
Ndiyavuy uku*wzi
I an glad to know )o (lit. ... yo know)

All nouns consst of tr/,o pdtts

Every noun in xhosa consistsof two pas, namely,a prfix and a em.
The pefix indicates wheer non is singulr o plurl urlike in
Englishwhe, in mostcses,e dditionof t' makesa no.nplur.The
stam cnies th mnfug anddoe. nor chDge:
mDtu
abaft

onepeson
peope

Noun stems cn occ with diffeent prefixes thereby ltedng the

meaning:
mxho6
a Xrosa peson
umrrtn
onepeson
people
?1 axhosa
Xhosapeople
aantu
dress,rguage,
i$Xho6
Xhosahnguge
irint
customof a?:Ntu
uuntu
humankind
rruxho6'Xhosaness'
,xtu commonhuman
decency
It is very impotantto be abero idendry is division betweenprefix and
accordingto their stem.
stemasnounsae listed ir aLcdonaes

l2
The diuision

t3

INTRODUC]ION

o nons

ino goups

o cldsses

Anothe characaerislic of Xhosa, s wiih mosr of rhe indigenous

languagesspokensouthof e Sahr,is the division of nouns into
different gops or noun clsss.The pefix of e noun determinesthe
clssto which picula nounbeongsNo qtticle
Unike English, there is no definite (e) o indefinite (a /an) aicte in
)Gosa. Contextinctes whetherthe meaningof, for example,'lant'
is 'rre person'or 'd person'.

Wotd otder
Questionwords(interrogativtusualyfoory th verb (or predicate):
Hor areyou?
upruLa
A|n|r
(t. You ve how?)
Whee do you live?
(lit. You ve where?)

blah phi?

Similarly, descriptive rvords such s adjecves, nmeas and

possessives,
areusualyplcedfter the yord they descibe:

No gender

a youg persol
(1. person)r,ro is young)

Lile English Out unlike nny oer languagessuchs Fench,cerman,

Itan, etc.)thereae no mascine,feninine or neuternounsin Xhos:

(lit- person ,, is one)

my chid (lit. child o/mtne)

( / the gendeman)

um^
( / the child)

um\tttomtsha

Anotherinteestingdiffeece betweenEngshandXhos \od orde is

at Xhos often stas sentenceu/ith the pdicate(ve):
Lible ;zulu nalaje.

The equiodtent of English pronouns are called

subject concods
Subjectconcods (SC) are alwysrtached,i.e. they never srad aloneas
is the casewith Bnglish ponouns:
Ndil alaeKapa

I stayin CapTo\rn

Verb endings ote the so.meo" al, Wrsons,

singul,t and ptudt
Ndiyauya
Siyaruy
yawya

I glad
We ae glad
You G.) ae glad
(p1.)areglad
You
rylyaruya
Uyaruya
He/sheis glad
Byavuy
They are glad
Verb endingsemain the samenot ony for aI pelsons,wbethersingula
or plal, bt asoin all tenses.
Note: he aEd she= -. Note also tone differuc distinsuishes
- = you (s.) fton - = he / she.

Wols

lr. It is beutitulthe
rcsthrtody
and abbrqalons

E ,u"od"d
"o,""n"
+
c. / soeUnil ...

SC
(JL
AC
RC
s.
pl.
odi.
lit.

subiectconcod
oDtclconcorc
concord
odieclivol
rlo,iveconcord
singulor
plurol
odicliv
lilolly

mustbe otloched
Prccding
on element,e.S.'-no', meonssomething
somlting
mustollow.On
beore.
tollowingon element,
e.s. 'n+, meons
muslpecde
ili sdeof on slement,.9. 'n9r, oeons somhing

t4

Pronunciation

guide

[! Tone
Xhosais a tone lDguge.Its rangeof toes makes)flrcsa the bauriI,
musicalngugetht it is. The Ie tonal distinctionsae:
high'tone

falling^ rone
towtone.
Exampesof sometonal pattemsare:
high/ fa ing/low
khy
high/hi/low
bn
peop!e
high/low/low
zl
Yesteday
high/low
ml
helo
low/hieh
w
This differencein tonecnchangethe meaningof two words or elemnts
that are written identicall e.g.:
jani? How ae you? (s.) s rrn
rhng ti
jani? How is he/she?
tts| intestine ng pumpkin
Notwistanding these differences in tone, leamerc should not allow
concemegadng e useof 'the coect tone' ro inlibit ei efios io
speak,elpciallyar a word ma) bavedjfferenroneparremsin clifferenr
diectsofxhosa. As is e casewilh all languages,the contexawi, in
most cses,hepthe listere to underslndthe intendedmaDins.

ibhotalo builer
kulungile lllight

The penulaimatesyllbe in a sentencesrructure is often lenstheneal

beyonde singleword limit:

vetuphi?
Hayi, ahkho to.

Whee do yo comeiom?
No, thereis nothing bad.
i.e.I'm fine.

Sutde to Xhosq pronurrclatlon

b|ntr

Appt9.ximoound

c
. bpenl
o {closedl
I
o {openl
o {closed)
u

Enslish
Enslish
Enslish
Enslish
Enslish
Eslish
English

ost
esg
e(i)shr
be
lqw
own
rule

lolo

l"l..p)
lvo)
ivcki {week)
nini lwhenal
izolo (yeedoyl
nsoku (now)
umntu (person)

Il Xhosa,two vowels neve follow one anoe wiin a word. Double

vowelsoDlyoccur e plrl peffx$, ao- ad ii-:
oomam (mothes)

iiveki (weeks)

Doublevoselsaiooccurin somedemonrtives:
loo nto (tht ing)

ababntu(lhGe peo,Iovertberel

In wordsadoptedftom English ndAfikaans,vowels areoften seprated

by a h)Then:
laopleni (aeroplane)

tqf,s (ofEce)

Xlosa speaers ted not to ponounce the fial vowel of a lvod,

especiallywhenthe following word statu wi vowel:
Yiz'apha
Uind' ithuba
Enkos'kakhulu

@ Stress
The penuliiratesyllbeof most )ftosa wods is erytheed (stressed):

A wo*lnS
bwelc

t goeswithout saying tht a witte guide ro pronunciationcn at best

only give an appoximation of sounds.Theefore. to ,tune i' to the
lnguagetry, as much s possible, to listen to moihe-tongue speakes
(radio and television are excellent rcsouces) and to the casssttethat
accomDanies
t[is book-

namhlanie todv
um lbo
friend

t5

INTRODUCTION

insteadof

Yiz apha(Colnehere)
Ulindg iuba! (Wait you chace!)
nos! kalulu (Mny anls)

co'tso'lons
sinila o Englishin prorunciarjon
SinglecoDsoDanL"
are:
d
h

f
j

XHOS

The Xhosaconsonnts
b, k, p, t arvery inreresring.
Followedby .,ri,
(spirted)they ae pronounceds rhey arc in English, i.e. ar is
accompiedby a puff of air:

(o,4'$onantcombinatbns wrh no Engtish quvalens

lJosuicthereare no Englishequivalentsof the following consonant
.ombintionsit might take you a little longerto mastethem:
umdlalo (sane, play)
dl
hl
hlala Git, stay (as in reside)) (ct Zulu 'Hluhluv'o
welsbLlandudno.Don't
se an ' maldngit sound
lite'shl')
ntl iagnzi (fish)
dy -dludpza (pour wi rain)
(ct 'cape'Aftilaans 'tjie')
ukuea (to eao
ry
(familiet
('t'is not aspnated)
iirbpho
t3
(< Afiikaans 'soud' = sold:
iRhwuti (Johannesbwg)

ct Gauteng(Sotho);
sconish'lo')
k
-Irelekele (shae < ikrele = swod)

B,{l(Write!)
Kpl,al(Gowil)
Prp!(Bealel)
Trta!(Takel)
Howeve,wheney ae not folowed by 'i', ai is dawn ito the morh_
Compaelhe following:
Dala!(ftite!)
El(Count!)
Xlapra! (co with!)
ip(Caperown)
Prp,tl @e alert!)
ippa (poffidge)
ulla (fathe)
T&a!&a!(Take!)
In oder to asceain whiheyou areproDouncirg;
borbll

kokli

porpli

torth

you might find it helptul, in the beginning,to hold your hand in fmnt of
your mothwhenpronouncingtheseconsonants.Ifyon feel a pufiof ai,
you wi be pronouncing aspiratedconsonantandvice vesa.
m, whennot followed by vowel or e consonantsb / v, is pronounced
asa syllable:
/ !q /nt (person)
/ !q / fu / ndi Gtudent,pupit)

hI as we as and the dicks e somds takenover ftom e Kloi and

Sanlanguages.

The clicks
The thle cltcks arercpresentedby the lees:
cqx
'Wen Xhosabecamea wtten languagein the 1800s,thesethreletten
werechosento reprcsentthe thee cick soundsbcausethe etterk coud

3 syllables
4 syables

As prr repesentsan sphated'p' and is trot pronouncedtike the Engtish

'f,similay,trrepese
s ar aspiatd't' not English .th' asin .ing'.
Someconsonanlconbinator$ siml to English
(song)pmnouncedlike Englsh
ng i|r_goma
sh is_biini (factory)
tsh ikibbi (kitchen)
ntsh inlbhonalanga(west)
try ulyana (son)
ths !!Eu (pitch-blck)

'ng'in s14g
''in bine
'fth' in ki!Len
'rch'in ileb
'ny' in ca4fon
'ts' in i8

17

INNODUCION

could be witten kat

cold be wntten kween
could be {ilten aks

C - ihe '..hat o p' ck

This is dentl ck prodcedby pressitrge tip of the togue against
e pp hont teh whee thesemet e gum and apidly pu[ing it
awaywith a '.rr-ir8' sound.

ta
Q - t'ne'chompogne

cor.,(poppngl cllck

This is a palt dick poducedby pressingthe front pa of the tongu

against the hrd palte behind th foDt eeth and rapidly pulling ir
awywith a ?rppig' sound.
X - the 'coaredng

trorse' clid.

This is a ltel ck producedby plcing the side of the tonge against

the uppr side taeth andapidly putling it awaywith a 'clckhg' sond.
Clicks may alsobe aspirated,i.e. folowed by '''
cfr -cliacla (erupente)
c -cc(be clear)
q -ql'ub (drive)
q -qubh(swim)
x -xoxa (discuss)
Remembert 'ci' is not pronouncedlike the English 'ch' rherefore
'craca'= 'recupete'is not plonouncedlike the Latin Americandancel
Non-spited clicks can be precdedby e following consonntsand
consonantcombintions:

c um8a

q ugqirha
(docto)

t9

INRODUCION

u4edo
(help)

(doot

i4gwelo-moya i4ggondo
(aeroplane)
(inteligence)

i4&rtho
(expenditue)

a4oL'4/rza
(knock)

x igralab
lqno
r4goxo
i4Baso
(shoulde) (thnst)
(discussion)
(suppot
+In thesenaslisedvoicelesssounds'k' is not ponounced.
Practisethe q cticks by listening to e frst few lines of the 'C#cSong,
mdefamousby Miiam Mkeb. Ty singngalong:
'IAqirha lendleanguqoraqothwane,
Ebeqabel'egqith' aphauqonAqowne!'

Hcfc are somephaseso wo& yo'l come acossiD this coulse,Take

rDcilnote of the implosivesb, t, k, e comotrnt combitions th
no Englishquivalentsandthe clicks:
SoboDna!
Sckmnndrudibn nawe
Hambkakuhle!
Namlelekile e(pa
Sizakufil eKapakamsinyane
Klungile
Molo taa!
Ndistotoba
Siphi isibhedlele?
Abad badlalaundlalo
Masihlalengaphandle
nanHanje
Mhlawumbi, yonte imihl
lntle le ntlnzi
InOein0aohlaz
Tyala ezi zityalo ehlotyeni
Ikomityi enyhphl
Nanbi ikofu!
Ukrelekrele gqith
UhlalaeRhawutini
Ndingakuncedrsa?
z,ircede
Uchan' ucv,/ethe
!
Chebaigca!
Ndigqibile!
Ekugqibleni!
QhubakuQoboqotn
Mssiqabuleuxano
Ndidaniwe
Uxolo!

we'll seeath other!

It |9asnice to meetto
Go i)elu
Welconeto CapeTown
We' ave h CapeTorn shoftlr
AU ight
I'nu,el(I'n stl totunng aong)
Wherc| the hosptal?
Theplayersarcplsjnq a gan
Izt's sit outsidetoday

It's beautiful, thisfsh

It\ beautillrl, spnnq
Plant theseplants in su ner
He's the cofree!
He |tusin Johannsburg
Hetp rounetJ

Dirre to Keiskmmahok
Let'r quenchthe thirst

IJKWMANA\WIEROPIENI

Ukwazana kuri-eropleni*
Gettingacquainted
on an aeroDtane

UJenny
UThandi
UJenny
UTbandi

Oo! Nam ndihlla

Ndawoni kanye? "Pinelndsl
Ngas.rFosfDiye. WenauNl ndawo,ii?
Ngas.rPinelandsHigh School.

Fot the durution o the flieht Thndi atul Jennj get to kno\e erch other
and agrce to make conact again soon.
Umququzelelikazi

In this Unit yo4n

ted'l' ho'u, to,
'rirt

I
I
I
I
I
I

exchangegreetings
welcomea group
askhow someoneis andespondto being askedhow you ae
introduceyourseffnd respondro n inroducrion
askwhere someonelives andespondto being askedwheeyou live
saygoodbyeto goup andindivduals

l! lncoko (Dialoguel
@

UJenny
UThandi

*Anglicjsed vesion of the much more picuresqqe.q{elo-moy, (lit.

wago
(of e) it.

/rarcne

ndmdnenekazi.

Qhobos[ant

l'lgama (Vocabutary,
0rquqzelelitzi

rtesd6s
eenllnen (direcr ddrcs)

lln-ai t"-"*qu
*d JnnyMray ffe sealednexr to eachother or a
flight ftom Port Elizbeth.The stewardssgretsrhe passengen.
Umququzelelikzi Molwenir annndtruinnkazi!
Nmkelektk tuflight 301 ,y eKsp!
UThndi
Molo sisi, qidi nanbtanje?
UJenny
Ewesisi,sikhonl
llThandi
Oo! sitheth kL:uhle,rftos, sisi!
NdirgThtrdi ThmsaDq.
UJenny
NditgzJermy Munay. Nyruya ul:ulwazi,
Thrdi.Wena,uphil 4iatri?
tlThandi
Hai. siphiltipenl,osi.Nm.ndilaTy ukut
'ezi,
Jenny.
UJenny
h|h IGp, Thnti?
UThandi
Ewe, sihl ePelds.

Uxolo,

dnabhnti. Siz kufika Kp kamsinya.Enkosi

kaklul
ngokukheh i-Rainbow Atlines.
Ndiythemb soboana kwakhona kamsinyne!
Nan*elkrl eKapal Hmbrt kakle!
Hmb kuhle Thandi. Bekunandi kariulu
ukuthetha nawe.
Sobonnasisi, bekumndi ukudiban nawel

ndiyany,

I d.gld

-kw

,o, (s.) (objecO

ta&urzi

to lws

t!li8hl

ya

a r youG.)
0'
rnl?
0 ont?
rl.
lhDo
'lh.lhr

-pbilr

be *ell,.llve

siphil/
enosi

we m e[
lhe you
ne too, I ris
stay.live (alrc sn)
Pirl .rs
wh@ abdb mdy?
!*/hdPvi.iDiry
emse ne (lit. pqce)
frstn (p.)
(sa0 hhs

-hldt
cPiDl.nls
awiknte?
gbenolo
qholBhe,
!rubhti

XHOSA- UNI

ltw r^NA(ryE!9!!EM

23

go (pl.)

generorion:
An oldcrmono yourgondorhe's

olo noornkhulu I

HellogrondoAerl

gnerolion:
t A womonof yourmothe's
llolo momol
I
Try to memorise
Nomklkill
Ndiycvuyo ukutu,ozi
Ndowoni?
Sobononq
lekumnondi ukudboro naw
Eekumnqndi ukurhdho now

Welcom!(pl.)
I om glod ro know yu ls.l
Whs obouisexoidvc
We shollseeeocnorner
twosni ir meet(wh)yous.l
trwosniceto tolkwirhvou(s.l

N Hor, o ...
El(chonge

greetings

With one per6on:

Molg sisi!
Molg nkosikazil
Wi noae an one person:
MoIlcli ,fl/nen ftrrrlnenekazi !

A gu& to hetp Wu greaapptlprtc''/yi Xhos.,

I Anoldrmonof yourfothr's
seierqrion:
tolo lolsl loffcro.ote
olo bowol (moEle'pcull Hollomyorhen
Hellosnl (lir.owno
honesteod/s= utzi / inin)
Helosirl llit.hondsom
bis one)

Hello mothe.l

generotion:
A wonon o yor:rgrondmoo's
makhulul
Hellosrondmo*'erl
,olo
A moidwomono yourogo or younger:
Hello modon!
lolo nkcikaril
{c. Arikoonsnevroa
FrenchmodoDe)

An unmoriedlodyor o younggirl:
Hellomissl(c.Ahikoons
llolo nko.dzonol
neufrrcu,rrcncl'
nodenoisdtQ
(e libro meoningol i'nkordzono is o linlechietoiness
thesomeoge os youl'ef;
7 A perlonof opprximolly
Hellomy ellowl
itolo mondini!
(< umo = llowl + r4o; is usdos o rmo otucrion
btweenmoleequokl
Hellobrolhel
olo bhslil
Hlosislr!
Molo 5i5il
Helomyrindl
tolo nhlobo wlml
I A youngmon:
olo mfonql

Hlloyounsmonl

(A young mon oher ccumcisionis rredlio os umfonq.)

9 A young sirl lolsodoushte):

Molo nlombil
l0 A litdegirl:
Molo nrombazdno!

Helloyounglodyl
Hlloliidesirll

XHOsA- UNITI
A lildeboy:
Molo nkwenkwel
Hellolitle boyl
Irlolo nkwenkwcncl
Hellolittlboyl
olo kwedinit
Hellolittlechop!
(kwdini < irkwenkwe + -d,ntexpresses
offcron,iniimocy
biweion oldrondyoungs mon,/ boy)
l2 A childi
,Vlolomnlwon'om!
+ SculturolbockSound.

Hellomy child!

is

Pur.I
NDjani?
Niphila riani?

Respnd to beng asked hou gou are

Stngu
Hayi,ndiphilt .
Nakhora.

Ndiphilite ngphnde
kobubushshu.

I'm ftne excpt fo

this het.

t Se Unit 7 for othe ways of asking after someone'shealh and

Pondng.

NdirgJemy Muy
NdingaNkosikazi Thmsnqa

Namkelekil (lit. You (pl.) are weco)

Note: Wamklekil (lit. You (s.) ae welcome)

Singl
unjarui
phil qini?

No, we ev,/e11.
lryl, siphilild.
(tjf. AlrikaansNe, dit gangoed. No, it's going we )
poaitivc responsewi[ ol(en lso be qualified by complainl f so s,
,9,boul the weaihe,work, fgue,etc.:

Introduce gourse$

Welcome a group

Ask hot'lu someone

KWI.EROPTEN]
UKWAZANA

Plural
Hayi, siphiliie.
Sikhor.

In Xhos, nDike in English, ere is a distinction in forD betweene

secondperson si|rgulI and plurl )or' (ct Afrkaansrly;ju ra Ferch
t/i var). It is common prctice in )Gosa to use e plua fom ,Nir
insteadof the singula form 'D-' when enquiringafter someone heal,
thercbyshowig an interestin the well beins nor only of th personbeng
decty ddressed.
but alsoin a1 of the iImere fmily. Similah e
response,more often than not, wi be in the plal forn 'Si-'(= 'n')
eventhoughonly onepesonis espondiry.
)Cosaspeaen often prefce'Hayi' (= 'no') whenrespondingposiively
to the ouestion'How arevo?'j

Nole: ,kosilari
g^&o6ikzi + sumame

= lad nadam

= rs

Respond to an inttoduction
Ndiyaru)aukaui.
Ask ahere someone loes
Plurl
Singlr

Nibll phi?

hll phi?

Respond to being asked whete

gou lioe

Ptur
Sihla .rKpa.

Sbguta
Ndihlala eKp.

Soy goodbye
Plual
Hmbaxt kakuhlel

Singular
Hmba kakuhel
Sobonna!

Nota: Salakkuhlel (s.) Salani k:ubtel (p.) = 'Sty wel' is sidbv the
pany who i' leavinglo e pr) $ho is.layiog

XhOSA UNIT]

Cultural

background

'Gretmes e the key to allnostever]ing mongXhosaspekes

in paicula, and amongAfiicns in geneI. We do not otry get
surpdsedbut also are somewhatdishbed when someonwalks
pstour sayingheo.'
(Chapole, S. Course Notes n Convn.ttonat Xrra. Suner
School) Deparlrnento Addt Education nd Bxa-Muml Srudies
University of CapeTo\rn, 1988.)
The vaious stagesftom babyhoodto old agee of grearimporrancein
)Oosa society.This is milrod in how peope of vaious age groups
addressechother It is imporrntfor us, aslemersof)ftosa, to be aware
of this etiqutlewhen geeting)<hosaspeakes.
Molor'Moyeni is usedto geet at any time of day. It is fo os,ed by the
name or title of the psor/s being addessedand is e usa way of
iitiating a conversatioDwi nyorc, inespective of ge. Usually the
penon who is arriving geets rst. Howevet a younger peson should
atways be the fust to ddress an older peson, whateve e
cicumslnces.The geeting includes qsrionsabour stat of health,
curent ffais, the weathet etc.

f f is

NI
UKWAZANAKWI.EROPLf

lhc rubtle tems of iraditioDal )oosa etiquette.' The young man didn't
rlicthl 'greetingin an Aflcan cultue is more thanjust uttering the
words.' A detailedexplanationof who he ws and whee he camefro
hodbcenexpec.ed.
Mrdywb goson to Eflect on 'how impont a role t1ural settng
plysin the developmentof our minds.Thoseof us who grew up in urban
INDwhentheinfluenceofwestem culturcswas still miniral, a wherc
oldcrly peoplecounselledus a lot, ae fonmte to hvehd acessto e
xpcriencesndinsight that have mdeus undestandcetain ingenous
plctices.Alough cetainings may not hve madesensethenbecause
w6 were young, it is somehowstangely ironic how ey now fit into
rl00es we tavel tbough adulthood.'

fr How it works
I The Xhosa equitlolent o Englsh pronouns
'1,' 'we', 'you' (s. & pl.)
Ndt-

Nl-

You (s.)
Yo (p.)

sr-

Tho Xhoseqvalentsof Engishpononsneve stnd lon.They are

thrcforelmown as subjed concods (SC):
I am glad
Ndlyawya
We e glad
Slyavuya
You (s.) e glad?
yavuyar
You (p1.)ae glad?
Nlyavuya?

2 Propet nomes
In an article it \e Sundar Indepe dent (23nU199'7, p.lo) enritted
Urban youthdon't labw what it meansto beAlrican. joumst Lungile
Mad''wb describesthe puzzlemenrofhis 23-ye-oldnephewwhenhe
discovers a hs uban way of Feeting n oder man meets with
indignation. 'He is used to meting and geeting a lor of people in
Johamesbrg,but no onehs told him before rht meely s^yi11e.Moto,
kunjani nlikho a" (Hi, how arc yota I anrtn ) is tutadequre,
at leastin

Yrruwill havenoticedproper nmesareprflxed by r- which is omitted

ln directaddiess:
Jcnny

Thandi

Molo Jenny / Thndi

XhoNnfirst namesending in - or -e are not necsssilyfeminine and

lh0rc e ding in -o re noanecessarilymascine as is e csen many
lorn!|rcclanguages:

2A

XHOSA- UNIT]

aThemba (pomise)
zThembek (tliable)

(sift)
"Sipha
(motheofjoy)
"Nomvuyo

nasculine
feminine

3 Gioing instructions
Ging iDstructionsir Xhosais easy.When instructingonepelsonsimply
usethe veb stem.* To give instructionsto moe than oDepelson simply
sufix -rt':
Singula
Plrl
Hmba ktuhle!
Hambrt kakublel
Ssl kakule!
Salni kal(uhlel
Thetha iritrhosa!
Ththari r$Xho6!
Hlla phntsil
Hlalari phartsi!(Sit down!.i
ibhntil
Qhobosh
Qhoboshnid'xlzbhanti!
+Vebsteff pef 'uu-'= 'to'. andtherebyform the inffnitiv. In )ftoc
theinfiniive is aso nounandasschis stedin dictiores underrhestem.
4 Making

stdtements

The Xhosa statementstht you have come acossso fa have similar

pattemto their English equivlent:
NdirgJeny.
Sihlal ePietrds.

I a,n Jetrny.
We live in Pinelnds.

5 Askt rg questions
As in Engsh,e are two B?es of qestion:The tus. rype requies a
'yes'/'no' nswer In Xhosaonly intonation distinguisbessratementsand
Utheth trixhosa katuhle.
tlth titxhN kkuhle(n)?

Yor speakXhos wel.

Do yo spek)Dsa well?

To makethis disiinction cleaer,na is often added.

The secondtt?e of qestionrcquiresspecific answ. Question wods
(termgativet usualy follow the vrb (or pedicta) anddo not occur
at the lreginfug ofa question asis e casein English:
Uphila qini?
Jbhla phi?

ow ae you? (lil You are

aive ho?)
Wher do you s1y?

+ SeeUnit 2 nd Unit 8 for moe abourinteroatis.

I.XWAZANA
KWI.EROPIENI

?9

6 Some Xhosa equindlents of Engtish ptepositlons

Ir Xhosa, ere ae seveal ways in which the equivalent of nslish
prcpositions(,r, ,n, dt ,4 /,rr', etc.) car be expessed,two of which ac
lllurlrated in is unit:
Ukwz&4l-empleni.

Getting cqinted o4
the emple,
Do you sty 14Cpe Town?
hhh 4Kp?
Wlcomeo Cp Townl
Nmkekil, sKapa!
Note: The context denotestranslationof the peposition.
) SeeUnit 4 for nore examples.

Cultural background
In Xhosasocietya greatdeaof significanceis attachedto lhe ne given
lo ! new-bom baby. The name often eflects the hopes, aspiations,
lmotions, spcialqualities,historicleventsardevenamily circumstances
rl lh time of bih, e.g. a boy cafed K\vnel (< t]rnel = to become
lnough) indictesat the family now consideffitsef completel
Nntl occurrencsat e aimeof the bith also influence a choice of
[umol girl namedNomkhvzl (< dma}hwzi = stas) was pobably
bom on a clearnit while a gi namedNomyul (< tr"l'uls = rain) was
Dmbrblybom whenit q/asailtins!
lV,"meaning'mothr of is olen prefied to a masculinenmeto form
fh bminineequivatentwhile -ka.i I -v,aI -eka aeleminine sutrixes.The
ulx -ir? incale\eer a girl ' or bo) . name.
Itoyn

Gids

Meaning

Derivation

llDlrc
l1lwe
Vnyo

Siphoa?i
1fztpho
VIyoka.i

gift

(<rnpho=agift)

gldess, joy

(<,uy = to be gld)

trynd

1{mvuyo

Nordl
stcgth
Mlndla
Nokhay
hom
Xhlyt
Mpl|molelo Nompumelelo success

Mhulolo

Bulelwa

gatitud

(< drmrdh = stnengt)

(<,khy = home)
(< ,*rrphumelel =
r, succd)
(<,* bulel = o thank)

30
Xol

s.v

pacifie

Xoliswu

o calm do\rn)
Bogi

Brywe

Lirl
thdo

Lindrre
Ihandrwg
Thardeka
Thenb",ta

Themb

pisg
be paied

(s) Welcometo CapeTow]1

ladiesandgendemen!
(b) I an v/e[, thanl you.
(c) I am glad to meetyou.
(d) I live in CapeTow.
(e) It wsnic to talk with you!
() It wasnic to meetyou!
(g) We sh seeeachothe soonagan!
(h) Coodbyewhenleaving a ftiend.
(i) Ooodbyewhenleang a gmup.
(j) Goodbyewhen a friend is leaving.
(k) Goodbyewhen goup is leaving.

o paise)
(<irdin&= t wit)
(< &trzlhsnd= to love)

lo,teable
tmst,
ro hop)
S""S
tolweni Nonket

Iolwcni nonke, niphilc nioni?

Sicophil'cnkod.
Kunioni kuw?

3l

KWIEROPLENI
UKWAZANA

XHOSA UNII i

Hello oll o you, how ore you?

We ore srllwellthonk
you.
How or you?

What qredi'|s $ouldlptr ad(io ort dP folbu,iE r,r'E?

() Sikon.
(b) NdihlaeKpa.
(c) NgaseFoestDive.

Rerrrite the olbbs p.ming in P appopr*rre wod braks

NmndiyawyaukukwaziJenny.
Do you recognise the olloufmg Xhosa words rhich are
In everyday use?
nndi
indaba
ingozi
ithuba

p How to apply it
Greetings and introdctions
() How .rould you geet Thandi?
(b) How would you geei a oder ady?
(c) How would you geet an older gentlean?
(d) How would you geet femaefiiend?
(e) How wod you glet maeiend?
(f) How wod you eret marriedlady?
(g) How would you geet gentleman?
O) How would you geet an unmarriedlady?
(i) How wold you geer a child?
) How would an i hostessgreetpassenges?
(k) How would yor introduceyourselfl.)
(l) How would you espondto an intoducrio?
Ask one person
(a) How arc you?
(t') Do you live in CapeTown?
(c) Wheeaboutsexctly?

!?

Ucten to th following Xhos wods adopied lrom

English alld iite do$ ei meanings in orde in
whlch you hear m.
(h)

(b)
(d)
(c)

0)
G)

(t

c)
(k)
()
(m)

(o)
(p)
tq.r

(t)

33

KWAMURRAY
KWAKHONA
UKUDIBANA

LJkudibanakr/alona
lnvalVlurray
Meetng agan at the

Murrays'home
In this Unrt you |'/uirt,edtn hou) to:
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

inr guestsinto your home

exFess pleasueat meting
mkeintoductions(usingkinship temt
skwbat someone'snameis
offe efteshments
sk someonewhat they want to do
sk someonewhat they prefer to do
suggestdoing something
offe help

Ndi.ifundaestkoltni,Nkosikazi.
tjDvid
l'(k r asksaboutThmba and Thani\ , hl.],Pn.
Nina, nindntYna?
tJPcter
Ewe sino,,/nya nentombzn.
tJ'Ihemba
Byfunda?*
t,Pte
Ewe, bayafund.Bafutrd ewstfford.
UThemba
Knjni ngokuphunga? Nkhth tti okanye ikofir
tJJcnny
okyeito banil)o yokusela?
yintoni. Ewe, nokubayinton.
Nokub
OoThmsanqa
Nifrma
rirll
ngaphthioknyengaphandl?
UPete
Ll namhlanje! Ndingi{,ngaphandle.
Masi
alerd
UThndi
ncedisa,Jenny?
Entosi sisi- Petr noThemb, ningncokol!
UJenny
KulungilP!
UPeter
you leaming? i.e. Ae you at schoo?Ae ey leaming?
"Lil. Ae
Le.Ae they a school?
lslgama

tr Incoko
tt

tl Thandi ndThembaThamsnqavisit JemyandPeteMuryUJeny

UTandi
UJemy
UThndi
UJeDny

MolwenilNgemai!
Ewe, ninjani?
Hyi, silhon. Kumandi kakhu ukuaibonal
Ngnyeni wm, lThemb 10.
Molo Themba,ndiyaTya kklulu ukut?zi. Lo rgnyeni
wam, Pete.
UThmb Ndiyawyukurzi.
UPete
Nt siyauy ukunzi.Namklkl ekhayeri lethu!
David, .lhnyand Petq'r son, comesin.
L n8lmyn wethu.
Illhandi
Molo rrotwn'aln- lijubani igama alo?
UDad
Ndirgr.Dd.
UThemba yatud,*Dd?
UDad
Ewe, nditun'l ecov.
UTltandi
fund phi ukuthetha trilftosa?

-n- (< ni )
nthi
,khyri lelh
4ny. we
hnteu'm

r,a (object) (pl.)

.nd !r
r, ou bome

rXlblois'm

vh

ny.hild
it y Dtnc?

phl?
ngarIolw,ru (< trolo) d, shml
Dc.dlsa
10sprt
lloth
tr for you (pl.)
nla
-@koh
do yN naE cldldru? .un8il
niar,nte@?
.lrildM
adnlsm

help sonnsirh

34

XHOSA- UNI 2

fry ,o ,,'mors
Ncmkeleklc ckhoyeni letftul
Wdcometo our homel
Kunicni ngokuphungo?
Howoboutsomeihing
worm
o drink?
Nikhelhc inro yokuselq?
Do you prfrsomethingcold
o drik?
Nokubo lnroni
Whtvl
lcrihlolcni ngophokohi /
Lr'sstinside/ oubide
ngophondle
hlc nomhloniel
l h boutiul
{weoher)bdoyl

Inite guests Lrto yortr home

Plural
Ngen,ri!

Express preasure at meetl^g

(ogsin)

Kumnandi kkhulu uh*bon (L:waknona)(to onepe$on)

KumDandi kakulu ukun;bon (twallona) (to morc thanoneperson)

35

Offer refreshments
Kunjni ngokuphnea/neokuse?
Plural
NiffDa irto yokuphunp?
Niltn irto yokusel?

Singula
ft!re irto yol-uphunga?
frlna tuto yokusl?
Atk r.hot someo e dnas/preerc

to do

tun uhlala ngaphkathiokanyensaphandle?

khh ukala ngaphakiokanyengaphandle?
Su ggest doirr g som ethn g
Masincokolq!

N How to ...
Sigul
Nge!

KWAKHONA
KWAMURRAY
UKUDIBANA

Masiphungpikotu!

MasiNalcngaphande!
No: Thesefoms alreadyincorpoatea plul rnker,i.e. -s-' = 's'.
However the addition of the plural srffix ' ni' can be heardn eveyday
$pchwhen addressinga group.
Masihllcntphantsil
Ofer to help t/Jith a

Maiithetherdirrxhofa'
'pecific

Masihambqi!

actirrity

NdingatTncedisa?
cf. ukunced = to hlp someone by doing somthing for them not
togetherwi em.

Make Intrdctions
JennynoPete,lo ,rgnyeni wam, ,Thmba
Ndngarazismymi wam, rThemb
Ask whd, someone's nome ond surname is
Njubi igd lklo?
Ngubni ,fni yakno?(fani < Anikaans vdn) (Wlatis your snmme?)
Note: When you can't ecall the name of someone\rhom you've met
Ndiza kuthi urgubni knene?(lit. I am going to saywho areyou, by
the wa i.e. just emind me)
SeeCtual background.

Cultural bockground
WhenXhosa speakesmeet fo the fus time, it is customayto find out
cschoers cbn namsby sying:
(1oa female)or
ngu'tri? (o a male) eulri?
Khawzibongl / Khwuzithuthel Pleasepaise)rxru?4
clsn s conceptulkinship group. Membss trace their kinship to a
^
mle cestor.The nameof this nale ancestoris e clan name
oommon
lstduko
- dmembelsareusua[y ca[ed by this name.Mentioning de
clon name(s)of someoneyou wish to dr o sing the praises(izibongo)
ol slarling with the min clan namenddencontinuingdr the sub-clan
nmes,is the ultrmate wy of shwngrcspectused mongfamily nd
licnds,e.g.:
Tolo,Zulu, Mchenge,Mdbh.a ekdzi

XHOSA UNI2

IIK]DISANAKWAKHONA
KWr'NAURRAY

37

The respons10this is Utuokum htnye! o Ndin turye owo! Amati a1\d

woman of the sameclan namecan never marry as they e consideedto
be rclted to one anothe.A wolnan ahvayskeepshe cln nmewhich is
prefixed by Md-. Childrentake then father's claDname-

4tr8. Phirnini?
| *SecUnit 3 fo acmpletelist ofnonclsses
nden corresponding
t||hJocaconcords.

Dlamh, Gamb, Iwarhlr, I, Mb.ttjwa, Mnsuni Mp sa, Tlo and

Tshawe(oyal cllt Mme) ae but a few of the many clan names.

tense - ttositi te
II lh presenttense(aswell asin all otheteses)veb endingsae ihe
andfeminine,singulndplrI.
rnc fo ll pelsons,mascutine
In lhc prsentttrse verbendsin -. Thesubjectcocord(SC)is lhe
orly indicatorof pesonaodnumt'er-

Do you know wbich famousSouthAftican hasthe clt neMa.liba2

Find out the clan nmesof yor Xhosafriends and cquaininces.

@ Horo it works
7 The Xhosa equiootent
'he', 'she', 'they'

o Engtlh ?td wrson

po''.outrs

You hv aedyleamt how to say 'I' , 'we' nd 'you' (s. & pl.) in Xhosa.
ln Engsh,lhe pronounsfo e 3rd peson'h'/ '6he'/ 'it' tell us whethe
the nom we arc referitrg to is mascine,feminine or neuter.This gede
distinction doesnot est in )ftosa. Insaed,srbject concods ae used.
Thsesubjectconcordsae derivd fom noun peffxes ndare stchd
to the verbl fomr, e.g,:
U,n\lwg'na yaL.'/,az;
ukutheth irixhos?

Doesthe child (he / she)

spk )Oosa?(lit. He / shehows
how to speak l-hosa?)

4ntwn b4ltd irixho6. The children (they) em Xhosa.

Note: The useof bo noun atrd subjectconcordin Xhosa explainswhy
someXhosa speakes,\rhen speakingEnglish, wil say,for exanple:
The childrn lley are leming.
Simlly, the fct that '' = 'he' / 'she' explns why some Xhosa
speese inclined to use 'he'/ 'she' intechangebyin English.
'- = 'he'/ 'she'ha5a higher tonev,/tule'-' = 'you' (s.)is Fonounced
To ensle that you a not misunderstood,you can use the so-called
emphatic pmnoun ')r?n' = 's o )' (cf. French 'roi'). asrvell asrhe
subictconcord '-':*

The ptesent

Ndlyafund
Qtyafund
Uyatund
Nlynnd
yfi]nd
Doyafunda

I am learing
We are leaoing
Yo are leaming
Yo ae leming
He/Sheis learning
They arc leamitrg

Thc lnflx -ya-, insertedbetweenSC and ve, ody occursin lhe pesent
tcse po6itive and simply denoiese log fom o this tense.
gowover,i an objet (noun)or an dverb (e.g. 'kaljlulu' = ' lomch')
lollows e veb, -JB- is usualy omittd. This is l(nown asthebellbEq
I ead lot
Ndinmd kkhuluDo you sdy a, he niveNiq,
fund ]nivsithi?
H/shelearnsdt school.
tund
|ramranj.
we ae studyinglrdy.
Sitund"rtkot'",li.
lryhr reyou laming to
Nifunda phi ukulheh
spek)<hos?
is (hosa?*
They tre sbrdyingd, home.
Bafrrnalakhaya.
Note * '-ya-' is rcver usdin a sentencwith question rvord:
rantwana batfundaBatun& phi? Bailnda a.rikol"eri- BatundkL*ul.

9 fnlfues lngal ='mog','can'and

'-s-' = tttt|,

.'ssi havea spcfic meaning:

Unlike tle inix '-y-' '-ger ard
Ndigtunceda?
Nigncokola-

MNy I helplo?
You my cht.

. UNI2
XHOSA
Ndiqngen?
Sjsphil' entosi.

My I comein?
We ae still well, thants.

Ney ll verbs in e infinitive, like the forms in the presenttense

positive, also end ir 1':

ukuph|]|rgs

ul:usele
ukuhlala

ukudibans

The e only three exceptions:

uh4zi*
ukuthi
ukutsha

to knov
to sy
aosy so

Ndiy"ri.
ttrinir
tshs.

I know.
Wt do you sy?
He / shessJasso.

Not: '-thi' and ',tsho' never occul witl infix r-yar.

* As it is not possibleto haverwo diffrent vowelsfo[owing one arother
in the smeword in )ftosa, sound change3must take plce,i.e. u > \tr:
uku-+-azi>ulcyazi.

5 The Xhosa equivqtet of English'o'n', 'ls', 'ate'

With nouns bginning th'4:
NdjrrglaJeny.
Lo ,g4nyna wm.
Lo t glrqlei wam.
Lo ,rg4r4ntvnwm.

a\d'utU:
I an JeDny.
This ir my son.
This i my husbad.
his ts my cbnd.

Note: Idiomatic exFession: gubdri igama lakho?Wlt 11

yor nme?
(lit. It r who name of yours?)
Wee 'al',

1i', 'rr' is understood

jani?
Ndilon.
Silon.

1jl! li'm of the object concord jr ftlenticl ro at of the subjct

to||od cxccpt whereth subjectconcodis a vowel oDly:

t" (SC)> &.r-(oc)

4 The nfnitie

ukuthethg
kufiks

KWAKHONA
KWMURRAY
UIruDIBANA

Eor (arc) you?

I (am)well. 0it. I amher)
we (arE)wenoit.Weareher)

6 The Xhosa equldlent ol Englsh 'me', 'us', 'you'

(s. and pl.) cdlred object conco,da
-rtyo" (p1.)

In lhlt cre-- is insetedto sepmtetwo vos,els.

trhlolt concordsarc lwyspacddfucty blo the vrb:
I love]rta oit. I )ar, love.)

Ndiya&lthmda.
Po.l lon ol

Uyarylxa? Do you set44?

Do you se!{?
Uyaoibona?
Ndiyafofundisa. I tech ]q4Siyaa]fundb. We teach tq4.
{llyqbndis. We tech.
T\'-i-' of -n-, -s-, -ni- is droppdbefoE a vowel veb:
Do you know me?
yawhzil
Do you l(now zr?
Niya{szi?
I am gld to knor?' i-e.metyr.
Ndlyarryauk4zi.

Ndlyrbon. I see.
Slyabono. Wsee.
Ndlyatundis.I tach.

NOtc: In the preseni tensepositive -ya- is usualy omitted when some

otherword follov,/se ve (pedicate),e.g.:
Ndiyetunda.

BIJT

Ndind rIEc.

Thls i$ also e casewhenee is ar objectconcodinvoved:

BUT
Ndi$,rlfirnd.*
{'x,- = 'il'refes to rrrxhosa.

Ndiifuniz.rikohent.

7 Interrogatioes
You 0c leE famir with the intenogative -phi? = 'whel?' :
Whee do you liv/sty?
Uhlda phi?
Wher do you leIn )Gos?
ulundaphi is ftosa?
Yr)uhuvelso comeacoss4ini? = 'ho*?':
Eow re yo?
How aboul (someing hoo to ddnk?
word i' bani?= 'who?':
Arolhcr impondnlquesotr

tjphildni?
Ku4oni neokuphunsa?

N*ubani?
Nf,ubani igamahkno?

Who is it?
What is yoDrnme?(lit. lt is who ...)

XHOSAUNIT2

8 Possessioeadject oes -'mg','out',

KWAMUFRAY
UI(!I)II}ANAKWAKHONA

'gour' (s. & pl.)

som kin.hp |/e'|,m' ond rclotonships

In )Olosa,unikein English,pos,sssive
djectivese.g.'my'; 'ou' ; 'your'a
etc..rlow rhe noun:
Lo ngt[]twatta

w6fi.

Lo ng,mntwan rakho?
Lo rrg nyana .tthu.
N$bani igm ldkho?
1gmaldmrguDad.

Fqtr - bclzoli
foler otufq
utnorno
molh6r
Chlldrcn - Abonlwono
son unyano
doughler inlombi
Orondpornt3 - oonowokhulu
grondmolherrimokhulu
grondfother ofqvomkhulu
Orondchild{renl - Umzukulwono {ob+)

This rl my child. (lit. This is child

tr"/mine)
this your (s.) child?
This is our son.
Wat is your name?
My nameis Dad.

I
I Auntu

umokozi

From ese xmples you can see that Xhosa possssiveadjectives

consstof tno parts. he fir{t part, e.g. 'lra|Ia-'='o,
chg'ngea
accordng1o the noun in question,while the second prt, epresenthg
'min', 'yours', 'ours', doesnot ch.ange.
e SeUtrif 14,4, for more possessiveadjectives.

9 Na = 'and', 'with'as well os 'haoe', 'has'

Sinbobantwana,unyanancntombazna.
Ntuna kudjbanaoPete noThenba.(i.e. th Pereand Themba)
When two dissimila vowels folow one anotherin e snewod, to
void an iarmonious sound,yet anoer sound chge occuls.
Betweena subjectconcordanda noun '-tra-'= 'hve'. 'hs':
(Do you hlE chidren?) oit. You with chiden?)
Nndntwn?
Ewq siuntwna.(Yes,we hv cMdre.) (tit. We th chiden.)
ori Ewe, sin,o. *
(Yes,we hve "m.)
(lit. Yes,we r h /ne'"-)
* -o shortenedfolm of emphticpronoun '/,ona' 'as fo rrrfl' .

poternol udod'obowo

Ualcr
poternol uWomkhulu
(olde4
utol'o ncinai
lyounge4
I toudns - Abozqlo

Beforca noun'na-' ='and' (aswell as'with','lso','even'):

Manenenamnenekazi.namkelehle eKapal

4t

I
I

pqllnt ore brofher ond .itl.r

unlzd / t'tr .dld
lkoyisc
slhru ore bothei
ukoninc
molhcrs oe sislert
N1...3 ond Nephws - ,Abofrhona
Kln.hip l|ns H\,veen siblings
ny / ourb'othet
mtungwE5he

e/d 5i5ie (lit. by whomon iokson oolh)

ny / our siblings llit. of our hom)
yourls./pl.)5iHings (lir.ofyouro'n)
his/ her/ keir siblings lltt. of thei ho,me)

l?olh.., r t on onolhros:
unkhuluwo = older broter
umnlnowa = younger broher
Whcn tolkingsbgqlo rhird pron3,blgther or tigtcl:
nnakvrcbo lhs/ hr/ thit brorhe
!awobo lhis / het / th ristc,r)
Whentolkins!9 o 2nd prsonobouto:
your(s./pl.)sisrer
udodeweou
rhlrr
unn<tLwenu yourbrorher
bethrl

42

XHOSAUNI2

p How to apply it
Ask
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

re pproprtte

qusti,on for e ollowing answers

NdinsuDad.
Hayi, sikhonaEwe, nditundaecove.
Ndisifundaesikolweni.

(0 Do you want to sit outside?

(g) Do you want to sit inside?
(h) Do you wantgo now?

() Do you pefer te or coe?

(b) Do you pfer to sit iside or otside?
(c) Do you pefe to speat )osa or English (isNgesix
, JeIny?
uPeter.
Jenny?
uDad.

Being hospitable
Invite someotreimo your home:

o) Expresspleasue at meeiinC:-

(c) Ask him / he to sit down (phantsi):

(d) Offe refteshment
-

Saygoodbye() someoneleang):

Ask a guest what he/she rrants

()
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
(g)
(h)

43

Ask what you gust prefes

Complete appropriateb
UThandi: Uphi umyen
UJenny: Lo ngumyeni
UThandi : Lo ngurmtwna
_,
UJenny: Ewq o ngunya _,

KWAKHONAKWAMURRAY
IJKIJDIBANA

Do you wnt coffe?

Do you $,anttea?
Do you want to meet(wi) Peter?
Do you want to speakwi Themb?
Do you wart to speak)Oosa?
Do you rvantto sit outside?
Do you want to sit inside?
Do you want go now (nsoku)?

Ask gesb what e!' want

(a) Do you want ) drin cotree?
(b) Do you wnt ) dn e?
(c) Do you waDtto meel (with) Peter?
(d) Do you wnt to spekwith Themba?
(e) Do you wnt to spat Xhosa?

Suggesl to yor ffend

()
(b)
(c)
(d)
()
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)

Let'sso in!
Let's sit dowtr
Let's speakXhosal
Leth diDt cofree!
Les dink tea!
Let diDt sonerhingcold!
Let's sit orsidel
Let'schat!
Lefs sty!
Leth go!

Aak rhere and give the ansurer

(a)
phi uThadi noThemba?
-hlala
(b) -funda
phi uhsithetha isixhosa uDavid?
(c) -fimda
phi ul$sithetha is Crosa,Dvid?
(d) -ttlala
phi ooThansanqanooMrray?
Complete the questions and answer them
(o) Nguigm lakho?
O) ala _?
(c) phil
namhlanje?

l0 Llden io the dialogue and say whether th statnrots

tc corect or not
(o)
(h)
(o)
(d)

ThandivisitsJenn
Thandi wantsa cool alil.
Thndi wantsto sit side .
Jcnnyaccepts
Thandr'shelp.

IJ(WM UKUHETHA
ISIXHOSA

Ulflr'azi ukuetha isi)rosa

Knowing how to speak Xhosa

In this Unit

Vott will

leanr

lsigama

how to:

will try

I discussyour abiliry reeardto speakingndunderstndngXhosa

I nal(ecomparisons
I makepolite equests

E Incoko
E

t=l PetendThembacontinuewi en convesatron.

UThemba

Wn Pete! r,theth kakuhle tsixhos! r'd&elelg,

wafurd phi uh]rhtha kL:ulekngak?
UPetei
N&|(hulea e8m ngaleRhini. Ndqhub ke ngol:urttund stkol'rnr: Ngelishwa nditibee t to eninzi. Enye
tnto, ndiyzi ukuba ndisphzama kkhulu kodw
rdiyazamanoko!
UThemba AyinansebeMi 1oonto yol:uphazma.1,to
"blulekil)o
kukrbairzlmc uku$'thethyonke irrilla!
UPeter
Unyanistl?. Kuff|treka rdelelg xa ndiphazms.
UThemba Kulngil, kodw ke ylandelaUPeter
Evre,ul:ubardrtu yacolhisis!
UThemba Heke,trn ndizkuzma ul-uzekelela.
UPeter
Enkosihrb andithetHkhle njegoJenny.Ns)? wakhulela
zfam eMpuma-Koloni. yn wr,und srikolrdri
rteth njengotn)oc kangangokuba
uyartfrDdisa ngoku!
Ulhemb Inde loo nto! Uyzi bathi dant base''.olni. 'So vel tale
sjj kaa so veel nnle sjj ,"a,'(lit. As manylanguagesas
yo can,so much morEareyou a pelson!).
UPeter
Yiny$iso leyo!

yo nust (l. ne6sry)

*Thcrcis no exactequivnti Bngli for 'noko' . It is kind of pleading

l lhe listene'ssympthyandundentanding(cf. Afijans 'na').

Nloll.hwo ndilibele inio eninzi Unfotunotelyl'ye forgotteno lot

lylno.enzi loo nto
Thimpodonl
lhingis thot
Inlc .bqlul.kileyo kukubo
utom!
Unyonbllc
lnila loo niol
hot'slovlyl
Ylnycnlro lcyo

XHOSA- UNIT3

47

@ How t works

Hoar o ...
Dlscuss you ablllty |4,ith rcgatd to qteoking dnd
understonding Xhosa
Ndiyahezi ukutheth ir (hoc.
Annifu^zi.
Uxolo, andiriththi kkuhle.
Ndi.ithetha kancinci nje.
Ndisfrnda.
NdiyzamnokoUyqond?
y iva? (tii. Do you hear rr"?)
Uyardibndel?
Ndiyaqotrda.
Andi.{t i.
Ndiqonda kancinci nje.
Andilndeli katle.
Uxolo, thii?
Uxolo, thqni?
Zkell! / Ncedazekelele!
Cothisis! / Ncdacothisise!
Phind L:wakhona.
Ncedaphindc kwakon.
Ncedard&eec x
ndiphzm.
fintotri le nge.lxhosa?
Ilntoni '...' ngr,Xhos?
Ithethntoni e nto
ngertxhos?

UKWAZI
UKUTHEHA
IS]XHOsA

I how (ow) to spk Xhosa.

I do rdt tnow (how).
I'm sory, I don spk ,7we[.
I spk ;r just a litde.
I am still laning.
I n trytug in sma wy.
Do you undes1nd?
Do you undestnd,r"?
D you follow ne?
I udestnd.
I don} urdeslnd.
I underst nd a ittle.
I do, ? follov well.
Pdon, rht dq you sy?
Pdon, wht d!! you sy?
Spekslowyl/Please
sTkslony!
Spckslowylflease spakslordy!
Repet (again)l
Pleasercpat (again).
Pleasetell ,fl, whenI make
mistkes.
Wht is this in Xhosa?
Wht is '...' in Xos?
Wht doesthis (rhing) mea
in Xhos?

7 Summary of nourrs of Units 7-3

To helpyou understandhow nouns ffe groupd accordingto tben prcffx:

umntu
unnrwono
nyei
orqsquzelelik ri
umXhos

umhlobo

ototc
umckhulu
uhcndi

lnyaa
{sromkhulu
uJonny
lPter

u'fonc
uDhlekri

owo

urisi
ubhuti
uNkolikazi Thon5.nqc
ulhdnbc
uDovid

oba:
oborirv

dbonrwond

obohlobo

oboono

i(i4:

ordnonkazi
,iixhoE

t iNgeti

ishulu

dnoxhoro

,szulu

dnobh.nri

,PhurukGzi is,kolo

in,/ i.
/D.ol(o,nko5ikon
inkorazonc,ikwnkwc
lkou ,(opo
ircpl.ni
inqwelo-moyo

ni

igomo

inrombozono
i.ro
cmo

ryuniv5irhi

Make

cormparisons

ndithetht kkuhletrjtrgoJenny.
Yenaurtthetha,rixhos njengo1!)Gosa.

!ku. / lkwl

u*wuto
irlo.elo
uluns.no
u*uqord.
uldh.rho

u*ophila
uludibcnq
u*ufundo
uk honba
llmk
lo

ukoluna
ukubono
ukun.okolo
u*selelo
ltE

ukukhrhs
ukdhcnda
ukdcodiro
u*,ekl|.
ulll{zita

u(uhombo
ulophunsc
uGlo
ukltomo
ukrcpno

XHOSA UNI 3

Noun t oupt
Clo.! Prix Srem
2
Io

obo.

ru

uu

Thembo
Thom.onqo

u
u.

nyond
loliwe

oe

sipho
Ihomlonqo

S.C.

Trcnslorion

bt

tha Pesonlhe/shel
rh PePte ,hel

2o

b@
nydno
lolire
hfo
hfa

3
5

ili.
i

onc

7
8

isi-

to

tt

-.
,
izin
i,n
ir
ulu.
a

lo

u
i
zrc {onsyllobhl /i
gano (wosyllobls
ii
o'
o
9ono
kolo
st,

(oko
f.mc

hmbo /lej
Thdmsnqo{hel
rhenoth sfr/
e en Ael
theron t,
siphoond co. teyl
ihThomsoiqor
reyl
the orhn tl
th sonsrheyl
e roins ,/yJ
the dot / dot ltt)
the doys ltheyl

zf

rhe counrryt,
thnme|i,
rhecounrri4 /theyJ
rh nomes/ieyl
ihe school,l/
th s.hools tyl

lt conveBolion t,

ro {onesyllobl)
.oko {h{o s}loblesl :i
oho
li lonesyllobl) lF
twihi (two sylloblesl/E

theinss /,i,
rhconv&iions /rlel
rh ohs heyj
thick 1,,
ih rongue/ longlos lt,

ri lno'h'l
lhe insud/longuoges lt[e],/

ubu

ntu
hombo
sti
oio

* J SeeCtual bckgound.

ISIXHOSA
IJXWAZIIJKUHETHA

lkom thestblesyou ll seetht l nouns ae gmupedinlo clss(."t

$cording to their pfix.
I Th noun classsare nmber'dl-15.
1,3,5, 7, 9 and11 resingulanouns.
I Classes
pluil ouns.
2,4,6, I and10 thecoespondins
I Clsses
I Clsses14 and 15 have no plurt.
I Clsses12 nd 13 no longe cive in )(losa.
No hard and fast res enable on to classify a panicd noun into a
spccific ctsso gmup. Howev a few principles apply Nounsof:
I Clssr 1 and 2: oly fer to people (but not a nounseIring to
peopleareh this class).
I Clssssla and 2a: include t popr mes, kinship trms, (e.g.
mothe/s, fe/s, uncle/s,a'tvs, sster/s.hoer/s), somepmfessiols
(e.g- docio/s, social wo*erls, teache/s)and personifrcatioDs(e.9.
tin/s. dio/s. machin/s).
I CLssas3 and 4: many tlees nd ive$; somepas of the bod e.g.
leg/s,moulh/s,finger/s, aswell assombstractnouns.(e.g mimce/s,
anget contdbution/s,organisation/s, s, maiag/s).
I Classes5 nd 6: somepas of the bod (e.9. eye/s,beast/s,kneei/s,
arH/s, bon/s),nounsdescibingpesonlchaacteistics,(e.g-bmve
persoD/s;eloquntspeake/s;skiful peso/s;r/s) andsomeadopld
ftom Englsb/Anians, (e.g.polic, card, wheel,kitchen)
Note: Soe no|msof ClsssI nd t havethef plual in Class6, e.g.:
'XhGa ,rdodt (nan) Mkooikzi mkwnkrv iutombazra
a'axlo6a d,radodt aekhosikazi a akhwekw o'ltombzraI

I
I

ku-

b wolk/ wolking,,
io l.now/ In@lds it
io
/ rdsrins /,rt
'@,r

I
I

Clssas7 nd 8: all langages,odinl numbers 2 10, (2nd, 3rd,

4th etc.) many implmmts, wods adoptedftom English o Afikans
tegi ng with 'Egr, !r, 'st!r: e.g. isikolo < lghool, i.tttovlr < dtove,
rrtpi< lpiel [nImr], aswll as may grammticsl tfrms.
Clsses9 nd 10: mny niml, noms adoptedftom English nd
Afrikans, (e.g.bDes, car/s,money,bicycl/s,windods, phon/t
Clss : many abstcl nouD6. Plu: plfix of Class 10 wherc
applicle.
Clss 14: mainly abstrmtnounsbut alsoothers,(e.9.face,ber,honey,
winter, night). No pbI.
Clss 15: all inftivs which can also tunction asnouns.

XHOSA
- UNIT3
2 Emphdt

c pt'o.noitns

Similar to the French 'noi', to', 'lui' , 'mn' , 'w?n', ']dn' is usdfor
enph$s andcontrst, and canbe useds well as,but nevr inad of,
the subjct cocord:
M!la, ndiyamb ngoku.
fin, siyahmbangoku.+
Wen,phila njani?
Nin , njJnaboabaatwn.?
Ycn,uPeterwariffDda
Ij,xho6 .ikobreni.
lsn, xJenny waklela rfma.

balAlela eKp.

As for ,|1",I am going now

As for rr, we re going now
As fo ]d, how ae yo?
s fo yru, do yo havechildren?
s fo im, Petet he emt
)osa at schoo.
s fo r"/, JeDryshe gew up on
a farmAs fo irn, the chalen, they
g1ewup i, Cape To\rn.

tt

UKI'THEI}IA
ISIXHOSA
UKWAZI
!Dhutrgri kotu.
laaoi kphngakofir.

I do'll
cotree.
I doal 'litrk
wtrt to drink coffee.

PGitirc
Ndiyalrhng.
Siyaphug.
Uyaphngs?
Niyaphuga?
yaphunga.
Byphug.

Negtive
Atdiphlmgi.
,4-tphutrgi.

,a&/phrg,?(kotu)
,4rriphrg;?

,aaunsi.
baphutrgi.

Remember:-ya- only occusin the Fesent tensepositive u/henno object

fo[ov,'s th ve.
As yo can se,when the subjeciconcod consistsof a vowel onl e.g.
- / ; -k- (o -w- in spokenlanguage)is iNeted:
o- + - > a&u-/ auu-i a- + - > dz-.

You will sueyrccognise'thin' ftom the rcfrain of 'NKOSI SI(ELEI-:

IAFRJKA'
*-r seeCtual background.

Noie: The ngativefom of: 'Ndyphil'/ 'Ndiphiltl' is Anniphilensa.

SeeUnit 7.3

Notei The functon of -na' is simply to avoid a one syllable wod to

which )ahoshas an avesion' However, when the two elementsof the
emphatic pronoun are tanspoed, n carrier menig:

One of e psttensesusedwhen talking aboutpast evenlsand actionsis

lhe rcmoteor nrativepsttense.The subjectconcordndictesthe
tens.It is characteisedby a long '-r widr a falling tone:

and n? / with n? / / too, so

and )o / yith ]or / )oI/ too, lso
end r / with r / n lso
afr him, her I vitl him, her
Nam, ndiya\'ryaukulvazi.
Bekumnandiukuthethanare
Nat i, siyawya ukunazi.

Me too, I am pleasedaokow ]|dr.

It wasnice to tlk with )'rr.
fi/elso,we areplesd!o hrow)au.

3 Present tenee negatioe

The negtiveof the pesent tenseis formed by prcfixing 'dr before the
subjectconcordnd chngingtte final vowel of e verb '-a' to -i'.lf
noun (object) follows e ve, the initial vowel of the prefix of all
subsequentnounsis aloppede.g.:

4 Remote po'st tenae

Ndrkhlel fm.
SakhIelafm.
Wakhulela* efm.
Nk'hulelaefna.
Wk1ubh+ efama.
Bakhulelaefana,
*-+a=,
al
- , + = ,v-.

5 Polite tequests
The lon used when giving a one wod instruction in Xhosa largely
indictese 'softness'or 'svelity' of such instrucon,e.g.:
Hlni phantsi! (pl.)
Hlla phatrtsi!(s.)
Howeveris can easily be changedinto pote qust by saying:
(lit. I bes you G.) sjt down.)
Ncel uhllq phantsi.
Ndicl rihllq phantsi.

52

XHOSA UNI]3

'NcGl caD also be \ad when kiig

Ndicel amrnzi.
Ndicl ikofu.
Ncl ,rto yokusl.

fo \omething:

(lir. I beg for wte)

'Nced' (lit. help) is the eqvalent of the Engsh 'pleas' and cn also
introducea polite request:
Nced uhl8lc phantsi.
Ncedrdnihllc phantsi.
Note The ve following 'Ndicela' and 'Nceda'ends in -e.
r Seealso Unit 4.5.
Plas(you) speLEngsh.
(lit. I beg (i) you
spekEnglish.)
Nced thethc i,Xo6.
Plese(you) speak )Cosa.
Ncdzmeul:uththa irto6a. Plese(you) try to speat Xhos.
Ncd cothisis.
Plese(you) speak slowly.
Nceda khumble.
Please(yor) ernmbe.
Ncdari nithths tstxho6.
Please(you ll) spekXhosa.
Ndiceh ththc tsNgsi.

6 Impersonal kt - the equiodlent of Engllsh 'it'

Kunjni?
Kufunek ndihambe.
Kulungile.
Kushushu.
Kuthethwa,rtNgesi
aph.
7 More

How is it? (lit. It is how?)

It is necessay(drt) I go
li.e.I mustgol
It is all right.
It is hot.
It is spoken@ngishhere).

inteftogatioes

ln U ts 1 nd 2 you were introduced to the question words 'phi?';

'njani?' nd 'bni?'. Two othe interrogativeswhich you will need are
'nini?' = 'when?'nd'ntoni?'= 'wht?':
Utuna ntoni?
Ulhini?

Whm wee you bom?

What do you want?
Wht do you say?

Not: with the veb atlri'= 'sy', the shoened

fom '-?'(< ntoni?)

ISIXHOSA
UKWMIUKUHEIHA

8 Conjunctions

'bec.luse',

'but',

'i', 'th.tt',

'then'

LikeEnglish,)ooshasco4iunctionslo ioin clauss:

Ndilandekauhle
kuba uycothisisNdiyazamakuthethais Iosa
kodw l-unzin.
Ndiyaqondukuba umntu
yacothisisa.
Ndiyazi ukubs diyph^zam
kakulu.
Nceda,ltlungise xa
ndiphazama.

I folow well becuseyou re

spekingslowly.
m trying to speat Xhosa,
but it is ilifict.
I undestndif a peson
speassowly.
I klow at I mke a lot
Pleasecor$t m.rwhn

Not:A veb follo\ing 'm' (= 'when', 'whenever') never inffxes rya ' SeeUt 12.1.

Cultural bockground
The concept ol 'Uburrlrr'
'Unt'- conmon hurIan decenc humanism or s defined by the
editor of e S.A. Medical Jomal, ProfessoDaniel Ncayana, in a
recent editoil, 'ubuntlu', the deepe menitrg of which cannot be
explinedin one o two sentencesbt which canbe saidto encompssl
e attibutsof caring' for one's fellow human being. Th concePtof
,ntu is aso closely related to the pmverb: 'Umntu ngamntu
ngrantu.' (lit- a peson is a l,eson though olhr pople.)
ProfessorNcayiyexplainsthe meaningof lhis Pove as 'attaininglhe
totality of bing a tully adjustedenbe of society only though the
suppo, comseling, love, assistance,elter, example, etc., of one's
fellow humnbeings'.

XHOSAUNI]3
Nkosi sikele' iAik,
Mluphknyisw'uphondolwayo,
Yiva imithandazoyethu,
Nkosi, sitelea, thina,
Luspholwyo,
Nkosi, skelel,thi|ra,
Luspholwyo.
Yza Moya! Sikelela,Nkosi, sikelela,
z Moya! Sikelela Nkosi, sikelel,
Yiza Moya Oyingcwele,
Nkosi, sikelela,tbin,
Lspholwayo.
Nkosi, sikelel,thi,
Lusapholwayo.

God blessAftica,
Lt its hom (i.e. sprit ) rise,
Hear also ou pryen,
God blessus,
Its (Aftica's) family,
Godblessus,
Its famy.
ComqO Spirit,bacsG{d bless,
Come'O Spidt blessGodblss,
Come,O Holy Spiit,
God blessus,
Its family.
God blessus,
Its family.

he tust verseof NKOSI 'SIKELEL'I-F'RJKA wscomposedin 1897

by Enoch Sontog, a school teche from Klipto.*r, to be sung by
school childen and church choin. It was complted by Smut E.
Mqhayi (e seeUnit 16 for moe aboutMqhayi) andlater it wasdoptd
by the Aftican National Congessas the closing hyInl at meiings.Oihe
oryanisationsfolowed is pctice ad the song bcameecogniseds
the people'snational anthem.As its disseminationwas largely ora, thee
are a numbe of versonswhich often vary fmm place io plce and fom
occasionto occsion.It h often sungin a combinarionof )Gos,Zulu and
Sotho,andvesionsof it ae alsosedas the nationlanemsin Zmbia.
ZimbabweandTanzni.

How to apply ,t
1

Say (Yithi)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
(g)
(h)

I want to spakXhosa.
May I speakEngsh?
I like to speak)Cosa.
I ty to speak)ftosa.
I speakonly a little )Gosa.
I am sti[ leamine.
I still make a lot of mistal(eswhen spek)<hos.
Pleasecoect me.

UKWMIUKUHEHA
ISIXHOSA

2 What qrould you say ,lren l|ou don't ndestand what

Somgone snvs?
(a)
(b)
(d)

Answer lhe ollolrlng

()
(b)
(c)
(d)

qusiions in ihe negative

Uyakwazi ul:thethaisNgesi?
Uthethkakle is <hosa?
Uyaqonda?
Uyapht?/ Uphilile?
Uykumbul?
(0 Uftna ikof?
(8,, Ufuna amanzi?

Hayr,
Hayi,
Hayr,
Hyr,
Hayr,
Ha,
Hayi

Convel lhese instuuctions into polite equesis

(a)
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Therhis ftos.
Zekeel.
Phindakwkhon.
Zamks,o.
Ndireele.

Tty to get e gist of the following

dialoge

Theseare e sots of questionsyou wl find useful shouldyou wn(

to know someone'sbiogphicldtils:
(a)
0)
(a)
O)
(a)
(b)

Wazlwdni Mongam Nelson Mandela?

vr'zlw
Dgel8Juyingo918.
walulela ph?
Vr'lulelaeQunu eMpuma-Koloni (EastemCapehovince).
Wftnda phi?
Wykwisikoo samWesile(Wesleyan).Emva koko (after that)
wyakufund eyrnivesithiysetrort gre.
() Emv koko wenznton?
(b) Wasebnz
njengepolisalasemgodini(as a minespolicenan)
kodwa waqhubangokufuDdela(study fo) ubugqwea
(lesalFofession).

XHOsA
- UNI3

IS]XHOSA
UKWAZI
UKUTHETHA

57

Use tlre map on de following pag to ans,er tlte questiots.

BesidesEnglish, trNgesi, andAfrikaans, ;r;Bhlu, SouthAftica has
nine otricial languages:Ngui goup: tstxhosa, irizulu, is,Swti,
ir;.{debel; Sotho group: irtsthu, iriPedi (North Sotho),
trtlswna. Other goups: ts,trda, trtbonga (or Shangaan).
Al lagugespefix IJ!: i$Jmni, ,stFrentshi, isi?hutukezi, etc.
() Kuthethwaezii iilwimi kaku
"ftona-Koloni?
O) Kuthelhwaezii iilwimi kakhu zMpuma-Koloni?
(c) Kuthethwaeziphi iilwimi kakhulu zMnfla-Koloni?
(d) Kuetbwa eziphi iilvdmi kakulu ehyitta?
(e) Kthethweziphi ijlvimi kaklulu ecateng?
(D Kuthethweziphi iilmi kklul en-4pumslng?
(g) Kuthewa eziphi lwimi kklulu -'rczulu-Ntl?
(h) Kuthethwaeziphi iilwimi kakhuu
(i) Kuthethwaeziphi iihvimi kaklu "Mntla-Ntshon?
eMntla?
C) Kthethwarrxhosa kaklu ndawoniMzntsiAfrika?
(k) Kuttethwaizulu kkhulu ndawoni eMzrtsiAfrik?
(l) Kuethwa ;stft$,ana kakulu ndawo eMzrtii Aftika?
(In) Kutlethwa iSuthu kakuu ndawonieMzntsiAfika?
Complste accordlng to e example

1./Vtsha-Kolonl
2. !tnda-Kolonl
3.,1wuma-Koloni
a./Fr.yr.tg

0slemCap)
(NorthrnCap6)
(Eslrncp)
(Frestat)

Aaaxlo athethrXhosa.
() AaZ\t
(b) rnaSw6
rdNdbl
(d) A',aBhulu
(e)

(D

mlrNgesi
aSwn

(h)

asthu

kuthclhw
dvimi
rwimi

nk spotn
lguaee (t. lgue)
lngaes

(wlE l,besr disppet

eztphi ilsiil
zonkerlwimi

di"
rhich lnelases?
a angulges

6.,G.ut ns
7.rMnn-iJt3hom
&u^,tn.
9. t^rpum.l.ng.

q
I

(solhoorqord)
(Nonhws PDv nc)
(Nonhfl Prcvince)
(Lll.@mingou ol lhe
sun i.e.the 4l)

(wheE dE snsoesout)

UKUTHETHA
NGOMSEBENZI

Ukuthetha ngomsebenzi
Speakingabout work

In this Utrit ltou ulll leor'a how to:

I
I
I
I
I

sk wbat someonedosor a living

saywhat your occupaonis
ask whercsomeoneworks
respondto being askedwheeyou work
commenton someone'swork

Slncoko
lEl PerendThembdiscuss$o wbne waibns for ienry d Tbandiro
join them wilh lh coffee,cale nd sandlviches.
UPeter
NdixeleeThemb4 wenzantoni ngokomsebenzi?
UThemb Ndisebenzelairkanpani yeenqwelo-moyanjengornphattibasebenzi.
UPeter
Oo, ipersonnelmanagerngesNgesina?
UIl,r.
Uchon' uaa,ethel+
UPek
Uyanrrazike ukusebnzanokutherhkLarlenabntu!
UThemba Bwe, ndiyakuthandakakulu L:usebenzanabantu. Uyazi
isaci sesixhosasithi: Umrht ngumtu ngabantul
UPete
Unyanisile!
UThemba Wena,yintoni umsebeDziwaklo, Peter?
UPeter
Mna,ndiyingcaphepheyezityoeKistenbosch.
UThemba Mm, yinto enomdlleyo!
Erre. ngumsebnzionomdla.Knnjolaa ndawoyindawo
UPete
entle yokuseberza!UThndye uyasebenza?
LlThemba Ewe, nayeuanda kusebenznabntu.Ungugqirha.
UsebeDza
hisibhedlele sbntwanaiRed Co6s. Uya khona
L:usasa
kuphel.Emvkwemini usebenza
klvikliki yePrjmary
Heal Cre.

UPete
Naye usebenzaka&hulu!
UThemba Ujermy, ufundisakwesiphi isikolo?
UPeter
Akafundisi sil(olweni. Ufimdisa abantu abadla balntr
ukufunda ukuthea isixhosa. Uyazi, baninzi kakhul
abantu abafuna ukufunda ul:uetha isxhos ngoku
ngkunbi oosomashishininabasebenzibeenkmpani,
abanilGzi-khaya,oosqnhanabongik^zi,njalo njalo.
UThemba Heke,bathini kanenengesiNgesi?'Benr late thtn eve '
UPeter
thi loo ntethonges Gosa?
Ulhemba Andz| Lunjlo kaloku wmi. AkusolokoL:uluul:utolik
ngahmbi wkufik kwizci.

Islgama

XHOSA- UNIT4

I Honr it works

Hou o ...
Ask uhdt someone does for o litsing
weDzantoni ngokomsbenzi?
Ybtoni,msebenzi \valo?

Say uhqt you" occup.rtlon is

Ndgxgqiba
Ndizgsomeshishini
Ndirrgnphaihi-bsebDzi
Ndizgnongikazi
Ndirgrrnikzi-khaya
Ndingqweth
NdiJrrgcphepheyezitylo (t. n expe in pnts)
NdiJrpeNonnelmanage
Ndisebz rjengon4hsthi weshishini
NdisebeDzl,rkmpni
Ask where

someone

NGOMSEBENZI
UKUTHETHA

aotks

Usebnzphi?
Uphatrglaphi?

Respond to being osked where you aotk

dolophi
lunivBithi
rrlhedll
Ndisbenzerikolreri
e-ofrsni
eKiNtenbos
tr,ishishini lencwdi (publishinghoNe)
frrlshishini lempNa (clothing factory)

Comment on aomeone's uotk

Ngnsabenzionomll
frrdawo rtle yoh$ebetrza

7 More obout the Xhosa equioalent of Englsh

'am', 's', 'ate' ollowed by nouns
You aeadyknow that .-rrg-'Fefixed to nounsbegirning with '"tn- nd
'&r, (Classes1, 1 and 3 noutrs) expresses'arr', t' (_r seeUnit 2.5):
l an le0ny.
Nding&Jnny.
This r'smy son.
Lo nj'4nyan wm.
Thandi i a doctor.
Uandi ngagqiha.
I dn her hsbnd.
Ndirgaayeni lraH'e.
Dad ir a ppil / studentuDavid rg4rtundi.
Thembaiir a mnger.
UThembang4aphathi.
Ir ir inrerestgwor}.
Ng4r4sbezionomdla.
Similly, 'rgr / !rg- pefixed ro noutrsbeginningwith'aba:,'oo:
^nd
'anur (Chsses2,2a, and 6 nours J seUni 3.1):
The childen d" ppib.
Abantv^t ngabafundi.
Thesedr e Thnsnqs.
XgrrThnrsnq aba.
Theseme the Mrrys.
{groMurry aba.
They d/ lawyers.
BanK.flngq\iethi.
< *,,gqreth = to tum upsidedo\rn, to be back to font, i.e. everything
is e oppositeof what it shouldbe.
To express'am', 'is', 'are' with Class 5 nons pefix 'J-':
lam alw..
He ir tditiol heler.
Sheir heblist.

Ndirigqweth.
uxgqrn.

To er?ess'dtr', 'ir', 'ar' wi Classs7 nd8 noursplfix nd 'z-'

spectvely:
Sheis the q,ekr of paliment.
Uri,lhethi sepalamente.
They ar? spekersof parliament.
Baia'thethi zepalamente.
To expess'art', 1s', 'le'w

Clss 9 trons prefix -]. :

NdiingcsphepheyezityloNJri,esonel msnger.

Iamahoicultrist.
I4m a persoDnelranage.

Not: ubba r8,rnphathi / ,igqwetha / yltigcphphyezitylo mens!9

h999!r9a n.anazer/ la\hye/ hoticultist.

xHosA- uNt4
2

So'me occttp:tions

Iho6e dei/ed ftm veb6 prefir i./rn-andchmgethe firl vowel -a ro +:

ukuphthe to hndle
> mphthi
mager
uufudg
to study
> mfond!
srudent
ukongmele to rule ove
> dnongme[
Fsidet
ukuphke to cook
> umpheH
cook
ukuqbube to dive
> r,qhubi
driver
uluthutrge to sw
> ,""thutrgiGzi) ror (seamstress)
ukuseben?& to work
> rrsbenzi
worker
(cf. Msbenzi Clss3 = wok)
Nore: ukuhtha to spek
> ithethi
spete
Tose sdoptad om English or Aikrs prefix .r / .i- or .m-':
itshl / rritshl(kazi)
ttitshla / ;ttitshal(tzi)
pmfes / ,opr.oesa
/ ooDjirg.Iwzi
"njinglwazi
mjiglwazi
/ taiiryalwzi
(< -jig = wve routrd)
(< tlvazi = howledge)
/ oornntyi
'tmIrtyi
ijoi / andjoDi (< English Jobnny)
sodier^
ipolisa / al'tllpolisa
r'toliki / irtoliki (< Afikaans veolk)
,lath/ nnbtheli (< -aqla = ro ike to) jomst/s
,nblisi / "rbalisi (< -bsa = relre)
historian/s
lhose incoporting -nor, a contracrionof.unila wq, = .motheof'or
the ale eqivalent'-so-', a conraction of .uyile wq-' = .farherof':
l'lobhl / oonobhla(lit. mother of wiring)
ogadi/ oonogadi(lit. mother of guads)
guravs
moncwadi / rrnoncwadi (lir_mothe of books) ibIariaD/s
nondyebo/ ornondyebo (t_mothe of
mongendi / onongendi(lir. mothe of
not marrying)
,montlalo-nde/ oonondo-ntle(1ir.mothr of
sood liviDs)

UKUTHETH
NGOMSEBENZI

lnoposi / oonoposi(lit. mother of post)

Dosih/ oanosarha(lit. moth of
slaughtering)
unoverie / oonovenkjle(lit. mother of
shop)
,/somshishini/ oosomashishini(lit. father of
fctodes)
lsompempe/ oo3ompempoit. fther of
the wbisde)
Note: usomandla(t. falher ofpowe)

shopkeepeA

The Almighty

3 Sufixins'-kaz' to a noun
Co,tr make t lemi',.re
inkosi
chief
utitshl
mongl
Can l'ldicate

inlosikari

ctuef's wife, lad

ntitshala*zi
umongikzi
umnikzi
greatnes of size

ilizwe
umthi
intaba

Con exprcss relato ship

umazi

zwekazi
umthikazi
mbokzi
inrbakazi

continent
big tree
lsge river
highmountain

my mothe's ster, i.e, matel aunt

my father\ brothe! i.e. patemaluncle

4 Omlsslon o the initia, ool|et o the noun

I^ dtect address
If you look againat the explamtion of ho/to geet appopritelyin Unil
2, you will sethat all nounsfolovdng 'Molo / Molweni' have lost eir
initil vowel:
ult^ / uhawo/ Lm nzna / 4rnhlkazi
> Moo !s, bwo, r4nrmzan, Z4htkaai
irkosikzi / inkosz/ rntombi / ntombazana/j"kwenkwe

XHOSA- UNI] 4

> Molo 4ko6ikszi / 4koszan/ 4tombi / 4tombzn/ 4kwDkwe

Ate" negatit'e oms
alithndt Lotu.
UJennydfdft rndisi dntwan.
)inamsebnziIm Zrto.
Intle loo 4to.
r seeUnit 9.5 for more boutdemonstrtives

alxelts.
&boisc.

Tell tE
Show-a!.
Aer the eryressionshrek (ukuba) = it is necssy(ar) / mst.
kublulek;s (ukuba)= it is impont (rht)
Kuftnk kubauzmc
You mst t.y to speat
ukuteth is osa yonke imihla! Xhosevery dyl
Kublulektle ukubauzame
It is importt rht you try
ukuthethisixlos yonle imiN. to spe Xhos every day.
Msithethc isixhosa.
Masihlale ngaphandleAter -cda 'ask', 'rcquest',
Ndicla uthethe is Cosal

Let,s spekXhosa.
Let's sit outside_

I quest you ro spek Xhosa.

6 Uetbal extensions '-elJ,'-is-', '-an-'

Another interestingfeatureof )ftosa is e extensionof vebs bv means
of itrfirs,addiog imptjcitpreposirjon
or eleDa chatrge
of meaoing.
''o''nstares

'for', 'to'

Ndisebenznjengomphai.
Ndisebenzslinkampni.

I wok as a manager.
I work fo! a company.
bI you nmel
Tl (fo)
're.

'-is-' traisltes

'cause to',

UPeterutunda is (hos.
Ujetrny ufundisa is (osa.

Peterlr|rs )cos.
Jeny tachesXhos.
(lit. causeso leam)

Ndiybona.
,lr'dibonis_.

Shor ne. (li. make m" see)

Hamb!
Hambllal

Go!
Continl (lit- mke go)

rvl'xlel xa ndiphzema.
Uxolo ngokphzmi!.

b n e when I make a mistke.

Sory for dishrbing /
tuterruptine )or-

Fundi-qba
Cinsiqia
Cotiia
Qhuqb&ba
Xubisisa

Redcrfullv
Thinksrsfulb
Spek ver-vslowlv
Bt vrv Yell (SeeUnit 5)
Mix rgry-!E!! (SeeUnit 5)

\a -' usually ndlcotes ec rptocty' e o.ch o ther'

'bes,

f cf. utrit 35.

'al-'

Nomsstudiesat the univcrsily.

What is shestudyig for?

instead o '-a' (subjunct oe)

I lnstuctons preceded b9 an object conco.rd

tlNomsa ufund eluvesiihi

Ufundl |rtoi?

Xla igmlakho!
r'dixIgk.

Ater de',,.onstrotues

When oetbs end in'-e'

UKUHEHA
NGOMSEBENZI

Sizakubon.
Sizakubone4a > Sobon@a

We'Il see.
We'll seech oth.

More thnoneextensioncnt usedin the sameve: ukubon / is / n /

to discusssomeing (lit. showe other):
Masibonisrc nsale ntol

Let's discssthatl

7 Vo'ious me.tnings o the prcposition 'nga-'

Indicating

pt('ce = 'tn the ocnty of,

'touards',

'near'

66

XHOSA,
UNI4

rgeRhini
ngaleForestDrive
In con'lecon

trer Gramsrown
in the vicinity of FoesDive

@t r 'phandle', 'phkathi'

Niirn ukuhtalangsphak
okanyengaphndle?

Do you wnt to sit inside

o outside?

Indcothrg tme = 'at', 'ln'

ngeli xesha
n8manyeamxesha
trgokuhlwa
fta

slating'b9

knea s ofl', 'ttth'

Kunjari trgokuphunga?

What's you line of work?

oit. What do you do s fr s
wok is concemed?)
How bout (somethinghot)
to alrint?

ngeshwa(,rshwa = 'misfoune')
ngethamsanq
(iamsnqa ='luck')

Alter 'xosi' = 'tho^ks't 'uxolo' = 'sorry' transtat,,r

,or'

Thanksfo eve]ing.
Sory for mking ],o wlt
so lons.

nga-+i- = nge-

Uvel phi?

NdlalKpa, 4Pinelands.
Ndila <famaNdhllajMzanlsi AfikaNdivel 4Monti / qcoli / cPitoli / qBhayi.
Ndvela eMpuma-Koloni /<Ntshon-Kooni.

Uy phi?

Whee ae you going to?

Ndiy eyunivesithi.
Ndiy .,itbhedlele.
Ndiy .,khay.

I m going to uriverrity.
I m going to hospitI.
I m going (to) home.

Not: The verb 'kuy' = 'to go to' is usedwhen a destination,diection

is mentioned-'ljkuhamba' = 'to go' in the sese of leave, depa (also
walk) is not sd when dstintion is mentioned:
Nymb.
Ndiy edolophri.

unfortunately
luckily

With o langudge trorrslat ng 'in'

Yintoni leyo ngsiNgesi?
Wat is dis i English?
Uthin ngesixhosa?
W1atdo you sayin )ttDsa?

ng4-+a-=nga-

You alreadyknow that ) expessthe English ppositions 'at', 'rtr', ro'.

'Jt"n ' plce nmes,you chngethe inial vowl of the prefix to 'e-' :

Anoer ve which is alwaysfollowed by the locative form of the noun

is 'ukuya' = 'to go !q' :

Fo'mlng d^ aduerb

Enkosi ngenroyone.
Uxolo ngokunlindisa
ixeshaelide.

8 More dbout the equrore,'t of Engtish prcpostlong

(knoan os locatioes in Xhosa)

Eight of the nine Fovinces of Sou fica prefix 'e-. Which one
doesn? (r seelnp Ut 3)

to go by plane
to go by bus/ car
to pay by cad

Tftnslotng'about','concening','as'
Wrzntoni ngokornsebenzi?

(cf. n- + - / i- / u- etc. seeUnit 2.9).

Ul l phi?
t ths time
sontimes(lit. at sometimes)
in the evening

uhrhambange-ropleni
ul:uhmbngebhasi/ ngemoto
ukullwulangekhadi

UKUTHETHA
NGOMSEBENZI

ngg-+U-=ngq-

I m going.
I n going to tonn,

You hve also comeacoss',h,-' expessinC'ar', 'in', 'ot1', 'to', :fun'.

Natrelelilerulight 301 oya el(pa.
Usebenzalulditriki yePrimryHelrt.
Ukwazana&,!!empleni
ku- + i- kvi- (< ku- + iuaiki), (< *il- + t-opl).
Note: 'rr is nomrlly used when de noun is fo[owed by a qualifying
pbrase.
'brd- asin ',brazul' and 't-ral-nsa' (e sububof CpeTow nncd
after e Xnosa chief ang) is lwys pefixed to proper nams nd

XHOSA
- UNIT4
Ddar,e.'a
the pl(e o, t1rt[e .esidence
of
Howevet by fI ihe corrnonesrway of exFessngpreposirionsin )os
is by chaging the bitil vorl of the noun ro .?' ande ffnI vowl of
the noun asfollows:
->
-e>
-i>
-o>
-u>

-e'd:
-ent
-iri:
-'rni:
-rrni.

ikhyq
>
ili2rg
>
msebenzi >
irtkola
>
lThek!
>

Bu -u > -int after:

f:
ikofu
ph: idolopbu

qkhsycl3li*
le
elizwc4i
emsebenzfu!
csktlwc4i
gThel$a4!

NGOMSEBENZI
UXUTHEHA

at/in/)o t/toowtutre
n /from/ to e cowttry
at/to/fm,nwof,
at/in/fum/tos]f,l
in/to/froz.,D]utban

> ekoini
> edoloph,r,i

rr tte colee
at I in / / to towa
Not: *et\hy > ekyrt whenfollowed by a possessive_
g

How to apply it
I

Deive e appropriate occupations rom the verbs

-akh
"bhl

buid

-cul
-fot
-guqula
-l$r a
-
-phtba
-qeqsha

sing
to tke photos

-thengtua
-thwala

sell(' thenga'= 'buy')

fm

parnt,daw

Complte the dialoge

* Whi is the Engishtranslationof is occupation?

UDavid
UBongni
UDvid
UBongani
UDad
UBoneani
lDavid
LIBongani

Uyatund,Bongani?
Ewe, nditundaeweslelford. Wen?
Nditund ecrcve. Uyattanda*(a) titshlblo?
Abanye(some)O) _lungile
kakhutu,abanyehayi.
Udadewenuwenza(c) _?
(d) _umfrrndi qunivesii.
Ufirnda(e) _?
Ufundeaubugqwea.
Benzntoni bzi(0 _?
UDvid
Utat (g) _ingcaphephe
yeznyalo. Usebenza
eKintenbosch.Umama(h) _utitshlkazi.
UBongni Ufimdisa (i) _?
UDavid
ufrdisa ) _Xhosa
(k) n _Nsesi.
Benzantoni (1)
zati bako, bona?
UBongani Utta (m) _umphi, umma(n) _ugqiha.
Nm
ndifirna ukrba ngugqh.Wena?
UDvid
Andazi. Mhlav,mbi ndiz kuba yinjine. (egineer)

You ae introduced to a numb of people by name

nd ocqpaiion.
w'ite in English who does what

o)

(t
(g)
(h)

(d)

u, -_
You are atready able to lntoduce your husband, son
and friend (Ngumgenl r'amloi ngungana warn;
ngumlobo wam, uThandl, etc-). Now induce
other
members of you amlb (usapho lwakho)
you paents
you childrcn
your gnndchildren
you wife

Ngabzalibam
-abazukwana bam
Yinkosiazi yam

XHOSA- UNIT4

your dughte

UXUTHETHA
NGOMSEBENZI

utombj y4 ulindi.

(e)OoThamsaDq
bathand
ooMray?
Ewe, bayathand_a!

Use e lst of gretingsin Unit 1 to intsoduce:

youl fther
9
your grndfatler
you gratrdmolhe
5

You are inlroduced

rho they are

(0

(d)

(h)

Answe the queslions

(a) Uvela phi uPete?
O) Uhaaphi ngohr?
(c) Uya phi yonkimihla?
(d) Uvela phi uJenDy?
(e) Utundisa bani?
(t Usebenzaphi uThandi kusasa?
(g) Uya phi emvkwemni?
(h) Usebenzelaban uThemba?
Say in Xhosa
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

to someone's reliaiives. Wdte do$"r

o)

Whee you comeftom

Where you ve now
What your occupationis
Whereyou wok

Fill in the verbal extension for a meaningl ansne

() Wenauyasebenza?
Ewe, ndisebenz_a inkampaniyekomphyrtha.
(b) Inlombi yako uykwaziularpheka?
Ewe, iphek_a uspho.
(c) Uyasitundisixos?
Ewq Jennyuyadilrnd_a.
(d) UNomsaufundaelrnivesii?
Ewe, ufund-a ubugqweth.

Say to a riend
I-et's teacheachothel
Let's meetl
Lefs help eachote!
Let's pu together!
(i.e. l,et's buid one anotherl)

lO Say that !'ou must

() eo now
O) go to wok
(d)
(e)
(0
(d
ll

Kufunekandi
Kutunekandi

Kutunekndi
go to e hospirl
Kutunekandi
Kutunekandi
so home Csoduka)
spak)ftos every day Kufilnekandi
pay by crd
Kutunekndi

-.

Complete appropiately
() Ndiya eBhyngomso.
Uhamba_bhasi? Ha. ndihamb_eopeni.
(1') Uand uuhamba
empleni?
Hayi, ndketha ukuhamba_moio.
(c) Wetrzntoni
konsebenzi?Ndi_umphathi.
(d) Usebenza shishinilempbl?Hayi, ndisebeDza
_-olsi_.
(e) Usebenzana klwa? Ewe, _manye amaxesh.
(1) Hmbakakute.Slakl]he. Enkosi
nto yone.

12 Complele the idioms using the corect form of is', 'e'

Ba_umthi

nexoo.

B_inyok nsele.
U_inyoka.
U_umiombe.

They arq gretfriends.

(lit. They a& trce andesn.)
They 4q greatenemies.
(lit. They 4e snakeandfrog.)
He/sheira treacherousperson.
He/shei! a very angry person.

XHOSA- UNIT4

U_indo\"u.

(tit. Helsheir a rhino.)

He./sheir a very strongperson
oit. He/shei! an elephant.)

Uyithanda njani ikofu

yakho?

13 Ltsien io the dialogue and nswe e questions

How do you lke your coee?

In this Unt you l,ir, teon hor to.'

(a)

o)

What arethey talking about?

Wherc are they talking?

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

apologise
sayyou ae thisty / hngry
skglests how they tae en coffee
ofier reftesbments
acc.eptand decne
expressappreciation
renark on a changein the weather

$Incoko
S

Jennyaadhandi anive with rcfresbments.

Ekugqibeleni.Masiqabuleniunxno,
Uxolo ngokunilindisa ixesha elide. Besincokola! Ndiqisekiehrba ninxaniwe.
Ewe, siLxnwekakhulul Silambile knanjo.
tlPete
Hayi,
L-ulugile,nai besincokola!
UThemba
UJemy
Thandi,uyndnjani ikotu yakho?Utuna ubisi eswekile?
UThandi Ubisi qld, enkosi sisi.
UJenny
Wen,Thembufuna ikotu enobisi?
UThemba Ewq eosi neetspuniezimbini zeswekile.
UJenIy
Nantsi isweke.Zincde.
UPeter
Kunjningekeyiineesengwitstu,Thandi?
UThndi Enkosi Pete. Ndingafumana isilayi esincinci sekeyii?
Ijongekainde!
UPeter
Inene,ilnnandi ku. Nasi isilay.
UThn
Enl(osi. Mmm! inncas le keyiti. Jeruy, ndingafuman
iresiphi?
UJeny
Ngokuqinisekleyo,sisi-Undikhumbuze.
Themba,ndingauphaisilyi sekeyiti, nawe?
UPete
Ujenny

74

XHOSAUNIT5

UThemba Etros| Jenny.Mnq ndizithandakaf,auluizjnto ezimandil

UJenny
Petl ncedaugqithiseleuThembaikeyiki ngoku ndigalel
kofu yalo.
UPeter
Kuungile. Thandi,kunjani ngenyeikomiryi yekofu?
Uhandi
Hyi entosi. Ikomiryi enyeyekofu ynelekum!
UPeter
Yhol ilanga lithe shwaka. Kuyaphol ngoku. Sifanele
uungenangaphakthi?
UJemy
Ewe, ngesquphe
kuyabanda.Mn, ndiyagodola.Nina?
UThndi Ewe, kancinci.
UJeDny
Kulungile, msingeneni!Perer,nceduvle ucango!
Aic.of"c Th di enndrJcMv aboutthc tccipc.
Uhand
UJerny

Jenny,ungb utundinika iresiphi yekefki.

Andilibaanga,sisi. Nntsi.
Ukuba ukllea i chocolate icing, ungnyibilikisa icephe
ecocoa
pow&r kwic?helananziablayo,uqhuqhisise
kri-icing.

lsigarna

UYITHANDANJANI IKOFUYAKHOE

f,

Ikekienve
eneencasa

EZININZI
rzBA(o:
314rtt(1 t/. yekodtv, vecost tuool

tu0n1 (2 tkorwD vesrlolnurE

yebakk+Powdel
t!\a (3 tttspunt)

huqho 1-500oCpokeihi) veicins

suqor ne'2509 ymgnnl okorry
rbhoioro ethonbile'/o de ibe
knophukhophu.
Ysbdlse
phokothi loomolko nokumphel!

,0o ,emogdkt oKA^t ithololo

7nt (lt/,rc spuni\evonitktessenc
l.ir ver $!shulwoi.o.hb i
fle -, rSoc ohlqh;;mqoid.
nomboo.6hl!-"f. iSilOUrFLlG
Cdk ldr nd.lrcnF ibolnq
wde, dube lomtb
;e!sdo. eEa shhuibi
mgalbilni.Utubwbri,
zl!,1e;qq|,'; *:. , 23...
bhol; omo2f !llio umJ0

iephe (ue)
qhuqhisisa
izithato
amqan.l
indlela yolTen

spoon
bqt well
sredienls
eggs
reod (ln. way
ornating / dolng)

i-on
yenre
mae
shsh
hot
pe-ht to
kwdgaphanbili
ifilrelvi 18(IC
180cC
qhuqhandamye beat tosether
d qii ab
unril thick dd
nombiolbhuyellowncolo

xhe knx
weqmda
ungallbisi
,lanisele
endeni
dingqukuv!
i icing engudoqo
dhmbiyo
knphaphu
phalsi
koonrleko
.alonphenl

fold into egg

nine
you sholdn boi ,
stil it itrto e balr
yh.n de rcund
basicicins
y/tcn is tuft
lighr ad fluf|y
hmzise uet,
bels*r yds
!d on top

X H OS A U N I5

Accept

fry o memoris
Uxolo ngokunilindisc
ixsho elide
Zincedgl
lkomityi nye yekotu yonele
kuml
llongc lirh swokol
Ungolibolil
Andilibolongc

Soy or \pingyouwoiting
sucho lonorime
Helpvo,'se'l
One cup of coffeeis enough
for mel
Thesunhosdi,oppeoredl
Don'rforsetl
| hsvenlfogtn|

Hou o ...

Expreaa

Say gou ate thlBty / hungry

Ndinxnir. Ndinxnue kalulu.
Ndilmbtl?. Nlambe klulu.
tdkes

ther

apprecidtion

Kumnndi!
Inencasgqitha!
Imnandi kalhulu!
Ijongeka rrtle le keki!
on d cho,nge in the uedthet

Li4ini tzulu? / Injani D"ozulu?(lit. Hoi is e weathe?)

Ingathi iltre lithe rrwata.
llng lilshonil" (the sw hasgonedown).
Liyaphola ngoku.
Kuyabanalngesa$rphe.

Uxolo! (ngohlirdis esha eltd)

Uxolo! (ngokuilindis ixsh rlide)

someone

.tnd dectire

Ere, entosi.
H/, enkosi.
Ndingafumnirilal erincinci qrd?
lkomityi enyeyekofi! yle kum enkosi.

Rernatk

Apologise

Ask hou

UYITHANDAN]JANJ
IKOFUYAKHO?

coee

U]tanda njni ikotu / i yaklo?

Ufura bisi neswekilkoflrd / etiri?
Uff|na ;kofu enobisi?
Uff|tra ftofu enswekil?

Offet rclrcshtnents
Knjni gekofir / ngeti?
Kuqini gnye ftomityi yelrotu / yeti?
Kuini ngokuslarrto bad)r?
Kuqii ngewyini?(wine)
Ku4ini nsoilwla? (ber/ alcohol)
Ku4ini ngkeyiki?
KuDjad trgeesengwitsbi?
Zincgdgl
Nding./,Iphairrlayi sekeyiki?
Ndjl1g./rupha
rSngrihhi?
r SeeCutual backgound.

ldeopfron*

/ te.1

(lzif onckirczwi|

An ideophonc is o port of spechwhich is o chorocteistic

ond
disinctivfeotureo Xhoso.Youhoveolrodycomocrosstwo exomples
in lhh book 'ql'ond 'sirwoto'.
ldeophoner ore otenonomotopoeici.e ey suggestthe octionhy
lhok sound,.9. 'dyumpu',similoo lhe English'plop'. buttheymosy
describe
monnerond ore usdwlerEnglishussodvbs,e.s.:
Hqmbo ngqol

Go staightolong.
ldcophones oreohenintroducd
by'ukurhi'whichindicois
hetns,
mood,person,ondclos, butconoko be usedwi otherverbs,e.s.:
Siphile qetel
We or complerelywell.
However,becouseidcophonec ore inicionol
in noture,theyore
oftenmoreeffectrve
whensiondinsolon,e.s..
Nlgi ivilil

Th whl is tucl< fdtl

XHOSA- UNIT5
ldcophones ore oho usedlomphosis
{e inlensiry
o somcolous:
t nryotyomboibomvu trwl.
lmilhiluhloza yokol
linwlzokhzimnyomo
linwelezokhzimhloph qhwol
r SeeUnit 14..

Cultural

UYITHANDA
NUAN
IKOFU
YAKHO?

Similarly, thereae sevelrXtosa equivalentsfor e English ponoun

a|d its plural 'rr"nr', which also dependon the noun rcferredto:

Thislower ;s b/ood rcd.

Thetees ore gro* grreen.

I sk fo it (wok).
I lik n&ar4Glustrations).
I lik i (e nme).
I k r@ (the names).
I like (e Xhosa lnguge).
Holv do you like (coffe)?
How do you ke nLca
(sandwichsX
Do''? you like (the milk)?
I don? lik (wintr).
I like (tavelling).

Hehon is prrcblq.k.
Herhoir is snowwhir.

background

sorne tro.dtionot bte@s

Umqomboir An lcohoc aldt nde fiom msize porridg nd
spmuts which is eft utrtil it ferments.
Amrhewu: Non-lcoholic naizemel qd. A small amountis mired
wth flou and sgr (optional). Ii is then put into d rain podge
contineruntil rcady.
Ublyi: Mize porridg madei a eelegged pot- It is cookeduntil e
botom of the pot js scalded.This scaldedpart is then scrapedoff and
mixed with ponidge andalowed to fement.

@ Horr t works
I

Mote

object

conco'.da

In English, e pronouns '&td' nd'her' ae the sm irespective of

rvhetheyou arerefening to a student,lawyer or engineer etc.This is not
so in Xhos where 'him' and'her' are epresentedby ditrerent foms
wbich changeaccordingto the ro!,l to which ey refer Theseae kown
as object concods nd e derived fom e noun pefixes:
Iemy ttrjtfs hiallvz(e srdent). UJennyuyaz4fimdisa(dlundi).
Shetches,t ?fier (the lyer). Uya[fundis (rgqweth).
Sheteer,&!&ar (deengmeer). Uyalrtundis (i,jbeli).
The plural fom 'r?nr'sohasdiffeent folms i )ftosa:
Shetechsrkr4 (wokers).
Sheteac[Gsrk4 (doctos).
Shetechesrlsr4 oawyrs).
Shetaches!LsZ4(engineers).

Uyaafudisa (aasebenzi).
Uyal2afndisa@agqirh).
Uyatafundisa Gr4agqweth).
Uyarfunsa Glaiineli).

f9

Ndiya4lacela(arzseberzi).
Ndiyathnda (.!a!zobo).
Ndiylithand Cm).
Ndiy!.4than& (angm).
Ndiy.jthanla (&lxos).
Urthanda njani (!kotu)?
Uathan& njani
Gsengritrhi)?
landi (abisi)?
Andibrr.d:(!ba.ik).
Ndiyfuthnd (a&!ahamba).

Fmm th 't glance'tableyou wtl seethat the objct concods hvethe

smefom as the subjectconcordsexceptwherc the subjecrconcod is a
vowel ony.In thesecasesthe subjectconcodincorpotesa consonntto
fom the objct cocord. Do you rcmembrwhy? (SeeUnit 2.6):

Subi.., .on qds

Obict @n rds
ot a glonc

ndisi
ni-

you (s.l
you (pl

b.-

ev

i-

it
hey
tt/h/ste

li,

I
dtl
-ni-

you (s.l
you lpt.)

.E

it / hin / her

ti-

it/hn/her

r
it
zi.

i:
lu-

hm
it
it
it

XHOSA- UNI 5

2 Possessiues

NUANIIKOFU
YAKHO?
UYITHANDA
Wth the o.doerb'a'ptra' = 'here'

In Engl;sh,possessive
ela.ionshp
canbe expressed
by .'r' or 'r,l ', e_g.
'the boy'! m' or 'e nam qlthe boy'_
ln )ftosa, orythe 'ol'consrucrion exisis_
The two nouns(,name'ad
'boy') e likd by a possssiveconcord which is chcterisedbv rhe
his link (rcFesenting 'ol') betweene rwo nounschngsaccoting
to the pefx of the fist noun (possessee)
nd influencsrhe pefix of rhe
secondnoun (possessor)resuiingin a sound cltaryc:

t-ofisi ilapha el(p.

| lnkmpatri > we ampni

(employeeoJ a conpny)
somshinih4- + inkmpani > wcnkmpni
(businessman
rf company)
aba*bez; bq- + inkmpani > ,q4nkmpi* (staff o/a conpny)
oosorshitri,a- + 4nkmpani > ?enkampi*
(bsinessmen
o/a company)
umxnbevg+ iqnda
> r'eqand (mrture o/egg)
imizohot4+4b.tntwa\a > :''4dntwa (painringsd/rhe children)
,iesh 14+ iti
> ti (tine d/tea i-e. teatime)
anagsnaq+ 4b(mtwaI > 4tantw (nameso/the children)
isicelo 14+ 4rrseberzi > ra'nsebezi(pplicationo/a job)
izicelozg+ 4msebezi > zqnsebenzi(pplictionsofiobt
tkomityit4+ itotr
> ]akotu (cp o/coffee)
iiaispuriz4+ isweLile > z4swekil(teaspoonso/suga)
uluutt lws'
+ 4thko
> ,wzthko (list o/ingedieDrs)
ubuait bs'
+ sbontt
> alatu (rhehumanig,o/te people)
|/tubhakva l.ra-+ llrcyiki
> wsakeyiki* (e bakine o/caket
u}j'te'oziwl$r4- + 4busi
> farsi (de making o/honey)
*tf > -e-.For easeof gonunciation ,w' is omitted bfo .o'.

3 Hou to express'am', /rs','ote'

'-phi!' wbete ,am',.s',

Uphi uDavid?
Siphi isibhedlele?
Iphi i-ofisi yako?

.are'are nderstood
lvher (is) Dvid?
Whee (is) e hospital?
Whee (is) you oflc?

I ct Uqioi? = lir. You how? (seeUit 2.5).

The ofiice here ;tl Cap Town.

lvl orm su as 'esikolueni', 'e'ofrsn,'emseberuini',

.tlbhedlele, eKapa, etc. (known as the loctive fom)
I am qh.twrc.
Ndirkhaya.
U!.-ofisint.
He r.!a the office.
BalPrikolrPni
They ars 4l school.
Note: The Iocative-s- also separatesthe two vowels in:
nga!-: nga!.Rhini
nae-:nalTnivsii
bae : ar.rntu ba!Holsni

rrxsebenzid-

With iderogative

8t

Hol to exp'ess

'hee

near Grahamsto\rn
and llr the univrsity
the peopof (in) Hond
is', 'hee

ar''

the useof severl

Onceagaine noun clsssystemin )ftosa ncessittes
dien forns wherc only two are usedin English:
N*u JeDny.
Nb dbmtwana.
NDku (or tratrg)
Nntsi lrnlqmelo-'l',1nxba
Nali icephe.
Nnga a dceph.
Nsi trilayi sekeyiki.
Nzi ezrnyeizila.
NDtsi .ofu.
Nzi (or nanzi) tttispni.
Nl bisi.
Nabu* ,.,si.
Naku kty.

H is Jntry.
H r the childrctr.
H is the phon.
IIe.e arr the pillows.
Ilere is the sI)oon.
Ilere are tbe spoons.
IIee is slice of cake.
Here re somemoe slices,
Hee is the coffee.
Hre e the tespoos,
Hee is the milk.
H! is the hoey.
H is the food.

* Nobu is seldomsedasnounsbeloneingto Class14 arenearlyall bsFact.

5 The equr.rlent o Engllsh'myrelf

,'l@u's'el',

etc.

At last,hercis a casewhercerc is only onefom in )0osa wheeEnglish

hsmoe thn one fom!
Ue e objct concold, 'ti: = 'nyself, ,otself , 'ouseb's', etc, is
placedimmediatelybeforc e veb:

XHOSA UNIT5

Ndiyarr'dla.(it.Im eatingmls"l, I am poud of ntret

Bayzidl.
pron of thdnsebe'
T\ey
^e
Zhcde.
HeIp turyelf.

6 E4rtessions ln Xhosa ending in '-le'

These expressionsoften efer to one physicl stte. They arc vel
forms in )ahosa,but corespondto adjectivesin English:
Ndiphilru.
I am well.
Namketek l! ./ou'e welcome!
Ndilmbile. I amhungry.
Kublulek ft. Ir's impont.
Kuungile.
lt is I ight.
Uxakekit? Ae you busy?
Ndiqinisekile.I'msu.
Ndingxmite.I'minahurry.
Ulshtlle?
Are you nried? Unynisjlu. you'rc right.
Jkhrluela/e? Ae you
Kupholtta.
It is cool.
comfortble?
Ndiunrt.

I am thirsty.

Ndidiiee.

I am tired.

7 'Xhosatrsed' u'otds
In Units 1-5 you hve come cmss a number of ,xho6lised' nouns,
i.e. thosenounsadoptedom F'aglieh and/ or Atrilans:

fun Enelbh
ibhotolo
rma
i/,kamp*ni
tkeiki
kliniki
ikofu
imqiiri
ioisi
,esiphi
rse[gvitshi
iti
rtispui
,]mivsithi

butter
frn
company
cke
clinic
coffe
maryarine
ofce
rcipe
sandwich
tea
teaspoon
univesity

ibhanti (ana)
rdolophu
tLomityi
iswekile

bnd
do?
koppie
sriker

As you can see,most of these 'adopredwoIds,belong to Classes9 /10

prefixing t-ft:-. However when e doptednglish or Aikns word

NIJAN]
IKOFUYAKHO?
UYIHANDA

bcgins with an 's' fo[owed by a consonatrqe.g. '6qhoo', 'lice', thcsc

nounsusuallybelongto e 'ir!' class:
trikolo

lqhool

ifllyi

ilthitshi
iphepha
ttikiti

d'"dlitrhi(kitchen/s)tkdi
dnrdpheph(paper/t tpolis
anatikititicketls)
rvili

!-lice
Allhoughthe majority ofnouns adoptedfrom English orAftikaans belong
to Classes9 and 10, thereare a numtr of nounsbesides'ibhti' which
bcloneto Classes
5 and6 andnot to Classes
9 and10:
dflakdi (card/t
a//dpolisa (poce)
az'avili (wheYt

Adopted wods are often used in everyday speechwhile the original

Xhosawodsareprcferredin the written language,espciallyin titeature,
e.8..
leropleni
rr(hihN
ilrv
r'fowu

iaqwelo mo) 0it. wagon(of e) aD

rlgmbilof/pheke (lit. room of / fo cooking)
,,r''gubo (flour)
,l,''rxeba (phone)(lit. rope)

Not: Wlen English wods reusedin witten or spoken)osa ey must

havea prcfix which is usually 't' (Class9):
ipersonel rger
rRed Cross Hospitl
,Primry Helth Ca

@ How to apply it
Ask
(a)
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
(g)

wee is the ss?

Wee is the milk?
Wee is the cake?
Were is a spoon?
w'ee is the cotree?
Whee is the tea?
Where is a teaspoon?

(a) Here is the sugar.

(b) Hee is the milk.

XHOSA
- UNIT5
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

Herc is the cke.

Here is spoon.
Here is the cotree.
Herc is the tea.
Hee is a teaspoon.
Sy that you like 'l'
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

wlit a Itut tn Xhos of e things Thrdi asks Lidhve

to buy or her
UThandi 'Lindiwe, ndfuna ukubhak ikeyiki nsomso kusasa
kodwa ndinaxeshlokulhenga iziko ezifunekayoNdiceuye esuphamkete
zithenge.Nalu uluhu:'
egcs
flour

Ndi-nda (ikeyiki).
Ndi_anda (maqnda).
Ndi_thanda (izinto eziInnndi).
Ndi_thnda (iisengwitshi).
Ndi_randa (ikofu) enganswekile.(withour sugr)(tir. nor
having sugr)

Gtv the tnskcfons

rtith the appopriate

replcing the word in brackets

object concord

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(t

zse (iketile, n[ the kertle).

(amnzi).
_bilse
zse (ubisi).
__gqithise (iswkile).
(youselo.
_ncede
(ucngo).
_vare
Ask (u.lng -rrjdnl
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(D
(g)
(h)
(i)

UYITHANDA
NIJANIIKOFUYAKHO?

How Ie you tody?

Holv e e children?
How is your husbnd?
How is you vdfe?
How ae your paents?
How is work?
How is the weihe?
How is the cake?
How re e sandwiches?

look at the recip Jony gives Thandi

() Cicle tte objecrconcodsind the noun to lvhich they rcfer
(You shouldfind th)
(b) Cicle e possessives

sug
mk
icing sg _
ul-indiwe Kungie- Ndiz kukq/enzeoo o.
I Complet e txt by fflling in
Use 'amnzi', 'ikofu' nd 'ubisi'.
A
B
A
D
A
B
A
D
A

Ngensisi, uphunlemzuzwn.Ujongekudiniwel
Hlt phrtsi. Lixeshaleti oknyeukheth_?
Enkosi.Nokubayintoni.
Dvid, lyl iketile bilise _
Kungie,mara.
neswekie?
Natsi
. Ugaanda
qha,enlosi.
Galela_
David, ncedauzise
Luphi
, mam?Luseftijini? ndiluboni &!
Oo, ndilibele ukuluttenga
!
phunla
lyila

rsqred
a itle shil
swii.h m

ikerjle
bilha
zis

*enl
hoil
fetch

XHOSA- UNIT5

Fill in e missing forms

Nifudumele
ngokwaneleyo?

Use:
(a) ndilmbile,(b) kubalulekile,(c) v,/amkelekile,(d) nph ib,
(e) ndingxamile,(0 utshtie,(g) ndinxnwend (h) kuphotile

Mob, (r)

Are you tDarmenough?

ekhayei lam!

Uojai nmlnje? 12,

Utuna into yokusela?Ewe, (3) ndi

kakul!

Utuninto yokuta kannjao?

Ewe,(4)
Ndiceauze apha.Ungndincedisa?
Hyi, ndilusizi,
(5)
Nceduziseijezi yam. Ndiyagodol.(6)
ngotn.
(7)
ufowuneuThandi.
(8)
uhemb? Ewe, uThandiyinkosikazi
yake.

In this U'art Wu uill leam how to:

I
I
I
I

askwhethesomeoneis warm enough

discusse weaer
exFess liks / dislkes
rcfer to the dysof the week/ mons / sesons

Incoko
The Murrays and e Thamsnqsmove inside and discusse vaiable
UPeter
Nifudunelengokwneleyookanyendilayiteisifudumezi?
UThemba Hayi enkosi,asifirtri siirdrmezi. Atubndi kngako.
UJenny
Linjalo izulu lseKapa. Umzuzu ilng liykanya,
kolandlyoL:uyna!
UThndi Hayi,
uubaxa! Yaye rgakzi ngezulu
laseKapa!Imvul ibbetelekunembalela!Ib ayfna
imrda eMzntsiAfiika. Inqabile.
UPeter
Jenny, ufna nabantu abavel ecuteng! Bona, kaloku,
abalithndi izlu lethul Ebusik bhalza ngemvat
ehloryeningol:uvuthuzakomoya!
UThemba Kodwmsiyivumeniinyad, lihle izulu lasecautengebusilra.
Lomile, ini.
UThandi Kodw iinduduno nemibanephyehotyeni!
UJeuy
Hayi, nsivumeniyonle indwoinezinoezilungiteyonezinro
ezingalngang!
UThan Unynisie!Umzekelo,eThekwioi kumnadi ebusikakodw
ukutumaphoehlotye, lugqthe emgcenll
UJeDry Ewe, kurialo kanyesisi.

XHOSAUNIT
UPeer

Ndiyaihembukuba liz kub le* ngempetaveki ezayo

kbakrkloukuphisr,/anoolukhrlulweqakmbaeNewlands.
Uyakuthandubukela iqkamba,Themba?
UThemb Kalulul sho noMakhya Ntii kwiTv: 'I dont lke
cicket- I lotte it!'
UPele
Heke,ndizL-uynoDd edialweringoMgqibelo.Uyatun
ukusiklphanonyanawakho?
UThemba Ewe, singavuyakakulu.
LIPeter
Kulngie,ndizkukufowunelangolwesihanuukuzesiethe
ngexeshanendawoyol-udibana.
*In 'tiza krbalille' 'i' = 'it' refen to Class5 noun 'tzut' = weae

lsigan
-tudmee

b wm

-layila

switcn on

Msiyinneni

yei

lef s adnir ine tfuh

89

NIFIJDUMEIE
NGOKWANEIEYO?

f, How to ...
Ask @hether someone is uatm enough/cold
Ulrdumele ngokwanelelo?
Uyagodol?
Not: ,-godola' = 'be cold'efers to hunrs while abanda'= 'be cold'
refesoDlyto innimate objets.
Comment

otr aatm/hot/pleasont

edther

Kushushu!
rimini rdel
llmga ylny.
Imga liyqaqamba(L tbrobbing).
,il.nga yfshisa!
il.nga libalele.

It's hot!
It ii btirl dy!
The str is shitrtug.
The sun is shining.
The sutr is bunitrg!
It is intensly hot.
Thereis a dought.

khupha intaaetnanzni!*

(t is so hot i) tr tdts t a
rtsh out of the wate!
(It is so hot that) tt rcorrrir
theArican hoopoebift

Ligqatseabhobhorla

It is warm.
Kufudumele.
I am warm
Ndifudunrele.
+See
+
Ut 10.1fo more aboutidioms andplove$s.
msakiahn
imvna

Cofinent on cool/cold/ress ptedsant weother

don'tnplain
nin (noun)

kunembo
inbalela

thd drcught
diought

-nqabile

be sc

abavcia
bona,kalok

wno mne
sfor rhem

lrhalazanA- conpain aboui

erdoiycni
sumor
-nza konoya blowing l nd

inpela ve*i zayo

ong w@kend
ukhuphis*o ouklu big mch

rsho
emdlawn
ngoMsqibelo
-kapha
rowunela
nAolwosihlanu
ku

say so
to e gG
or Saiurdt
cconpuy
phone(fod
onFriday
so llat

Thloboal,ltnt kufikaThlobodlivumi ukudelingene.

Thlobophelil.
Kuyphol.
Kupholiia.
Kuybanrl (phandle)!
Bekubanrlizolo.
I,mini e,lbi!
Kujongk ngi tmini
iza .:ub,lbil

Sume doesn'twnt to come.

Sulnme is late. (lir. sume
dosri? gee (yet) to com itr.)
Surnme irr come to an end.
It is becomingcool.
It is cool.
It is cold (outside)!
It was cod yesterday.
It is terible dy!
It looks as if it is going llJ
be terible dyl

90

XHOSUNIT

Izulu inathanb' antaka!*

Tbe weatheis the unsetded.

oit. ke e intestes of a bid)
Winr doesn?wnf to go wy.
I don' like e dntr
mlhs at a l

NIFUDUMEIE
NGOKWANEIEYO?

Cultural background

Lrlsikartuni kumka.
Andizitnditu iinyng
zobika!
r *SeUit 10,1 for moe abouridioms andmovebs.

summer tlobo

Contment on ro.ing ttteothet

sping

,,'rlqkohlc
iirwotohlobo

outun
wint,

lkwindl.
ubusiko

lzulu yezis.
Kuyra.

Rin is iDminent.oir e weather

is bitrging rain)
It's raining.
I think ir is going to raitr!
I looks like ir is going to rain.
I hope tharit stops ining soon!

NdiciDgaukubkuza kuneth!
Ngthi kza kuneth.
Ndithenb ukubaiza kuyek
kamsinya,rk ,treth!
Sifrmene ,nrul eninzi kutsharje.We've hd a lot of rain rccentlv.
Nantsi t,lrla!
Here'r the aiD!
Iyaglela irnul!
It's poing with in!
1lnua iydyudyuzaI
It's poning with rain!

Comment on @indy/msty/onercdst/dry

@eo.thet

Umoy uyaYuthuzs,
Umoy uybhuall.
Kukho rnkung.
Kusibekel.
K.tt\ile.
Kufumlle.
Krzolile.

rs vry wbdy. ('lit. ir is bowiDg)

The nd is bloving had.
Irh misty.
It's ovecast.
I's dry.
It's humid.
It cl|n.
Note: '!nl:ugu nelng'(lit. mist andsrl) is an idiomaticwy of saying,
mutitudeof peope':'Bekrkho ,nkrurgr netnga',Therewashugecrowd.'

Comflrcnt on thunder/tightntng/
Mml tindudumo!
Joga rmbne!
Jonga;sichothol

hail

Listen ro the thundel

Look r re lightoing!
Look ar rhe hait!

Ask what the temper.ature is

Itutoni iqotrdo o,rshushu
nam anje?

Wht's the tempemtue today?

(lit. degreeof heat)

Seaans ol lhe yeot

lAmoxesho Lonyqko) (lit. timeso ihe yeo4
sosonl
1<umhlobo= Iriend{i.e.thefrindly
{lil.lh6 poinh o lh 96n gosl
{< .rhworo = h*om6 vibl, opp6or
llil.lh opporonco summi
(< dlo = *t, i.. rh@so oeling){Clo$ l4l)
(< -.iko
cut, i.. lh cuiingsosonl
-

Itbnths ol the year

(tinyongoZonyokal
lonlo.y

ulonuwori

eyomQungu

Fbrory utebruwo eyomD'.rmbo

eyoKwindlc
ekorhoz'iinpuri
Moy
uMeyi
uluni
lune
ululoyi
July
Augut
uAgoi
Splmbruseptmbo

ekoCon{bo
eyeSilimclo
eyeKholo
)Ifiuphq
yomsinrsi

{monrho rheIsmbuki
s.airl
lmontfio trerwdling
groinl
{monrho ile irtt ritt}
{montfio tfie wirhcrins
PUnPkinil
lmon*o * ccnopur)lmontho toPlciodcr)

Octobe,
uokrobho
eyeDworho
Ndenber uNovmbo qNk ngc

lmonrho rhreEwol

DcmbruDmbo

(monrhof rh mimos

qomo

yllow
downii Mo Tollondsmollr
docies
respetlvely.
'Sishlslorsen bore
Noi6: As con b snfrom lho explonolionin brockts,the Xhoso
months
werenomedoftorplontsor lowerslowerinsin holporticulor
monlh.Thorisinolnomsof themonrhs
oreveryotienusdin liieroture
whillh Anglicised
versions
smo be usdin vydqyspeech
speclolly
by lheyoungrgonsrolion.

XHOSA- UNI

Poem and songs

E!

Inblel

Drought

'Yoo!Yoo!
Siylila,
Iinkono zethuzifile,
Iindanri zikhednite.

ohloh!

lnimago ibhite.
lziryalo zibunie.
lzil'n n ziztpalza.
Amcebophelile.'

E!

Ou catde are ded,

The cttle rddk ar beleft,
e fldsarecrckedlike dy skin.
The bnbides ae parched,
The pntsae witheed.
The smll wld aninlse like a
brokenup, dispersedmy,
We don't know whar ro do.
(Iit. Planshavecometo an end.)
(Fmm a poemby c. Soy Mma)

Imia

Rin

Irula, im!'ul,
Chapha,chaphll, chltph.t,
Imanz' iloknwe yam,
inanz' iloHwe yam,
Gqam,Bqum,kyadndllila.
Gqm,gquta k]yaddm3Imnz' ilo*lwe yam,
Imaz' ilokwe yam.

Rain, ain,
Splash, sptash,splash,
My alessis wet,
My dressis wet,
Boot'1,booh, ]t is thnndeljt9.
Boon, boon, it is tht].\de'ne.
My dresss wet.
My dressis wet.

umoy

Wind

Khnibonenank ' umoya!

Peaseseehereis e windl
wu! Wu! Wu!
Wu! Wu! Wu!
Ungen' efesrileni,
It comesthorghe window,
Ucim' ibne sam,
It puts out my ghrUyaphumndiyasla,
It gosout aDd sray,
Undishiyennyameni,
It leavesme in the dak.
Zanbe zambe (uzehambe). It shouldgo, it should
Co.
Wa! Wu! W!
Wu! Wu! Wa!

NIFUDUMEIE
NGOKWANEIEYO?

I Hon, it works
7 The equioalent of English 'eoery', 'all',
'the uhole' ='-onke'
Prom the follong list you can se that .-oDl(e' is peceded by the
consonantssociatedwith the noun to which it efes and can pecedeor
lbllow a noun dependincon emphasis:
onkedantu
rtoDe 4msbezi
]on&eiln hl oit. all days)
lorjKeiliz, e
loDketxesh

orkei!ftolo
eonkeizrkolo
]oDe lnao
zo]izinto
lonke Ll.ntu
onrel,kwinaua
onl(esik.
ko[le uLutya

everypeson, veyoc
dll pesons,vrybody
drl work
everyd^!
dl e time
dll countries
all times
e wlde shool
.rll schools
eveyahir'
drl things
all m*ind

all E food

Remembe:in the cseof noms prefixrDg'rrn-' the associatedconsonant

is 'w-' nd i the caseof nounspefixing 'mi' I '' | 'n' | 'n: lhe
associated
consonnt
is 'y-'.
Notei No concordin Ctass6 (arrr-).
-onke'csobe usedwith 'si-' = 'we' nd'ni-'= 'you' (p-):
Yizai apha,oe.

All of you come hee.

2 Adjectioes
Therc arc only a few so called adjectivesin )cros4 severlof which yo
have a,leadycomeacoss,but they a frequentlyused.They inclrdethe
numels 1 { as well asthe following adjectivalstens:

94

XHOSA
- UNI

-nve
bini
-thathu

two
tbee

-hlanu
-thandathu

= beautitul
= bd,uCty
'hle
-bi
= long, tall, far
: shot
-d
-frrtlhne
= neI
= yong,fresh
Juphi
-tsha
= old, stle
= mny
-dl
-ninzi
= linle
-gphi? = how many?
-ncinne
= big
= small
-Lulu
-Dcinci
In )Oosa,adjectivesfoow nounsand to mrk the relationshipbetween
noun nd ad.iective,n djectival concod (coresponding to'that',
'which', 'who') is usede.g.:
Il' scbtrziorrkhulu
(lir. ajob rlid is big
abigjob
iflryi ermcinci
a small slice (lit. a scetlidr is small)
ikomityi ny
(lit. a cup tliar is one)
on cp
(ct calg lomityi yekofu = anothe cup of coffee)
q4nye
one child
dults (it. od people)
4bsdal^
big/much work
44khulu
glltid
log days
fin weade
efrle
4z4skhuu bie spoons
gqncinci
a smll sice
matry schools
einm?i
rltle*
a beutiful cake
e4ldu
great thing
t!o easpoons
eai!!ti'
frsh mik
4&tshs
a bd wjnter
ehubi
sle food
@&dsl
* -hl > -tle before an : rnto ealtl;tkeyiki ?AUq.
-l A coDsonrldfter n is nev spisted. " tr > m befoe b, p, f, v.
Although there are only a ew true adjecives in Xhosa, e )Gosa
languages not sho of desciptives.
44ntwaa
sb4ntu
44sbenzi
emii4ihl
izulu
4214cphe
drtayi
laf.ofo
leyiki
inlo
ezh- / ezn iilispii
olu4bisi
obaatasika
qkya
aba-

NGOKWANEIEYO?
NIFUDUMEIE

Onc 8oup includes words referred to in )ftosa grarmar books ns

'rjlstlves',e.g.:
swet.nice
-mnndi
lul
easy,t
usizi
sad,sorry
-mhlophe white
brown
-ntsudu
gln* /bluel
luhlz
*OkweDgc= as gss.
tokweribhkbhtkx = as e sky.
' Unit 8.1 for more retiv stems.

-muncu
-nzim
-bomru
-myma
-blow
-ubhl

difficult, he\y
ed
black
blue
ye[ow

Oer descnivesare deived fmm vrbs and suf6x -],, when no oe

word follows:
-bluleki)o
-lndelj''o
iuneilelo

important
fo[owing
good

Kubulekild.
Yinto sbllekilele.

-ziyo
-vel
-ya

coming
coning fon
going to

lt's impotnt.
It's n imposnt ing.
(lit. rcri is importnt)

Yet aDothergoup ses -tr- = 'hve' / 'has' / ''

together with an

-on (inteEsting):.'rsbenziaorrdl (lit. vork that h3intst)

-arnndl (strorg): tdod dnrarndla(t. rr&r who hs stlngth)
The diffeenc betweena4ictives and oth dscipfives is in eir
corcord or link ) the noun in de fo owng non clssesonly:
Css I

Adectives

Othrdsciptives

4!! tt)

qllhle

i1ltDtn

qL*henzi
l^
q@zwe
!!!ro

gllhle
slL-ihre
ql]4hle

4r4sebenzi
i4jhl
quz\ e
io

qnomilla

qnomdl
emllandi
4mnndi
e
emrndi
Cass10
izi4to
ezie
laiqro
eznnBndi
Note: A rlative concord Drefixedto a veb foms a elative clause:
Clss3
Class4
Class6
Class9

Ufana nbantuarbayela
eGauteng.

You ae tk peope4rtq com

from Gauteng-

XHOSA. UNI

97

NGOKWANEIEYO?
N UDUMEIE

3 me present tense in the negatioe

Thereis no wod in )C$s corespondingro rhe Engsh 'not, .
Instead,e ngative folm of the subjecrconcod is used and e verb
ending chnges(cf. Unit 33). Comparethe subjectconcordsof rhe 3d
Positiv Negative
batriliasizi121lbuku-

4L4aba
s!J!4]L
ali
at4drtaziqrazialaabuaku-

UThtrdi a,tathndt ndudumo namibane.

dntu bsecautengrrlithndj izulu laseKapa.
Urroya wbndt namhlnje.
lr"tsebenzi .l}rphelt. (The taskshavenot ended.)
1langaalikhnyi nmhlanje.
A1,1anakabi
ifdumezi drtsebenzikakuhle.
Lrdumezi dz,sebenzika&ulle.
Inrd a)firnt kuma namhlanje.
It rvul d.,Tu[i L:unnarlanje.
{,'lwndle (rhe sea)albad; nalanje.
Ubusiks ab }'aad'
Uhrty akub^l.dl

4 The utute tense

In Uit l you cmeacossan exmpleof ihe futue tetNe:
Sizs kfika eKapakamsy.
We wiI aive in CapeTown soon.
As you can seethe future tenseis formed in the following way:
SC + '-z k- (o '-y ku-') + verb stem:

Ndizskzm.
Ndizku,fufowu|rel.
Ndicingakubaliz kuna.

I'll try.
I' phoneyo.
I tlnk ir wiI in.

Note: e position of the objecrconcod.

The shot (contacted) form of the ftur tns is often head in
cooquial spechbut cn also be found in witten rexrs:
Ndobona,sobona,
wobona,nobona,etc,
Remember:Sobonana.

I' se,you'I see,

he'll / she'll see,you'l see,etc.
\e'll seemh otber

ku,ttelzlis.
^rdizi
I SccUnit 8.

I rill dr hurt ),o,r.

6 lrrsttuct not to do something

lt k very easyto instuct someoneot to do something.Simply use
'Muo' followed by the indtive when instucting one personand
'Mu$ri' when instructingmoe than onepelson:
Moe thn on peson
Oe peson
Musri ukbx.
Mus ukuba.
Dotr't exaggete.
Musni ukhz.
Mus ukukhalaza.
Doo't comPlil.
Musni ukulibla.
Mus ukulibala.
foget.
Don't
Musari uku.,ldtathaza.
Musa ku?,tlathaza.
(Jouts
e
lro' t wory
f).
ln pokenlanguagee shoeed forms e preferred:
Skubaxa.
Sukkialaza.
Sukulib.
Sukuzikath^za.

Snukubaxa.
Snukukllaza.
Sanukibala.
Sanukuzrlathaza.

If you wnt to expressyousef mol 'elegantly' you can say:

NingkbalaziNigalibaE.

Ungakl^zi.
Ungaib8.

Ungaikazi.
-+ SeUnit 15"2.
6 Diffetent

Youshouldn'lcompln.
You shouldn't foget.

Ninga4hathzi. Youshouldn'twor{y.

woys of e4tressing'cqn'

The Englishtsnsla[onsow that thesediffercntwys of expessing

'crn' renot alwaysintechngeable:
Unokuza?(< Umkho ukuza?) Csn you (.re you bleto) come?
we, ndinqkuza.
Hayi, andinchza.

Yes,I csn (come).

No, I cn? (come).

98
Ungndinced?
Ndingangena?
Uyatrrzi rtherh isDftosa?

XHOSA, UNI

Can you help na?

Can (may) comein?
Cn you (do you klow how to)
speakXhos?

7 Mote Xhoea equittatents of the English

ptepositions'in','dt'
Times o the day (amoxesha osuk) (usukr
emini
?mini ezdqnda
arnalnga/ emvaL:wemini
er,rsuku
ezrnzulwtri zobusuku
lgoatya (< !hatya)
lgOkubwa (< !/lzhlw)

Z.t-hour doLyl

,n daime
l]t middy
r,r the aftemoon
at t;t
at midnight
at dsk
i the evening

'Ngr is also usedwi rtys of the wk - iintsuku zeveki:

Mondy
,Mrulo (< - a = open)
on Monday
ngoMruo
besdy
u-wesibini*
on Tuesday
gol-wesibini
Wednesday
ulwesiththu*
ngol-wesithathu
Thursday
o Thu$day
trgol,wesiD
Fiday
u]-wesihlatru*
on Friday
ngoLwesanu
Safiday
uMgqibelo (< -gqibeta = fii)
otr Satudy
ngoMgqibelo
Sunday
iCtr (c ,cw = church)
on Sunday
ngeCrYa
*ci djctirl stms.
'Ng-' is usedalso with morths of e yr - iilryang zoryek:
in which morth?
ngeyiphi inyng?
in January
ngoJan!,rwri
in Feb{uary
ngoFebhu\,ari

NGOKWANEIEYO?
NIFTJDUMELE

ln March
In April
In May
tauonr - arrdeshadyak:

ngoMti
ngoA)Ie
ngoMeYi

(< ihloho)
ehloaJeni*
(< *rYindl (Class14lbr
ekwidl
(< sik)
cbusik
(< idakohlz)
sPnng
l|t
4dkohlz
t 'b' followed dectly by 's' is not easiy ponounceablein Xhos,
thccfore 'b' > 'rr'before -ent.

,n au$r

E Aduerbs
You havealeadycome acosssomedvebsof time andpace:
hee
apha
today
nanhlanje
thee
pho
lomonov/
ngomso
onke ama{esha awys
always
loike ixesha
phya
tui
often
over there
dverbscnbe formed wi ka-:
well
kokuhle
much
kaulu
so nuch
kng
nicly
karrndi
once,exacly
knye
often
kn;nzi
Note:Khlel = Hod on!

kal:ubi
kncinci
knjlo
kmsinya(ne)
kabni

ku :
'vith
kuphela
long go
sholy (it. il is not long)

bdly
a litte
like this
soon
twice

Advebs cnbe formed

kudla
kunskudal

ony

And dve$s can be fomed with nga-:

ngamsanqa
ngshwa
ngohklr'deza
ngokweleyo
ngmnye

uckily
unfotunately
quickly
suffciently
sometimes

ngesaquphe
ngkumbi
ngaphakathi
ngaphandle

suddenly
especiy
inside
outside

t(xl

tol
E!!{JMIIF NGOKWANELEYO?
xhonekekc
tno (d) -ngathand ukunilaph,kodw (e)
(l)
gqith,
ulwandle
umoya
vuuza
Iwhnozulu.Ukuba
ngenxa
(lr)
(h)
ndinsagua
utb
kulwa.
-oyika
-r
yokudlokov
kwenqanw
kuyaukub(j) -vulhuz Cqitha.
lhyi, (i) -zi
(l)
([)
B
"-z kuya ukub -Janea?
(m)
Ewc, nn,
-oyik mvula.
gqirha?
(n)
kuy ukuba (o) -shushu
ll
-z
(p)
we, -khathaz eki bubshushu.

XHOSAUN]T

OthesiDclud:
ekugqibelei

onlY
qho

to apply it

$How
I

galn
t last

Find lhe contasting

word / exprssio
clrcose ftom: (a) llarya libalele, O) Liyabardakk]hlu,(c) Lomle,
(d) Kusibekele,(e) umoy uyruuz nd (0 Masihlleelnseni.

1
2
3
4
5
6

Lik'huphaindanzi emanzini.
[nga yak]anya.
lyaglelaimuil.
Kuzolile. /Akutlo moya.
Lifirmile.
Masihtaleemunzini. (shde)

ul*rdc
-l$ekeke .a.lwu
.oyik!

2 Ytrhi

!
r

(a) I am cold

It is cod.

() I am wam.

It is warm.

(c) t becomes cool.

L is cool-

(d) It x,l rain tomollow.

It won'1rin today-

Ifs nice dayI n awtu dy

It coody.
It's hot dy.
It's a coonig.

.!

be sick
becauseof
rcllins ofthe ship
nn4 wov

Uete" to the weath epots and sy whi to e

ureae in summe and which to lh wathe in winter

Use the ppropriat expression in Xhosa for 'can'

No,I can oly spea litde Zulu.
Yes,I m leamine it ai school.
Of cous(kkade),I'l help you.
Cn you pleasehelp me?
(d) Can you come on Fddy? I'm soy, I can't help you.
(e) Can I phoneyou toorrow? I'm sory.Icm't coe.Iamioobusy
(0 CanI pomyouanothercpof cofiee?No (s, onecIpis enough.
Yes,pleasecomein.
(9., Can I comein?
Say what you prefer
() Cn you speak)<hosa?
(b) Can you speakEngli?

Yimini
Yimini
Yimini
Yimini

Someonesys:Ndithdaizinto ezimuncu(sou).
Sayyou pefer sweetthings.
(b) Someonesays:Ndithada kofu engenbisi+nswekile
Sayyou plefff coffee with milk andsga.
(c) Somebodysys:Ndithandakeyiki.
Sayyou prefe sndwiches.
(!)

Bubusutu

Complet ihe dialogue with the appopriate

gla
ngcnn ya
dlolova kwenqana
khalhazeka

()
(b)

Yi
()
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

sa
dependon
nght i.e. rcugh
hc afid of

subjec

(a) _z
kuya eRobben Isand ngolwesibanu, mna
nabantwna. (b)
gathanda ukrikhapha, wena
nbntwna?(c)
nmanyeamatikiti amathathu.

, UNIT
XHOSA

ta)
(d) Somebodysays:Ndianda ibho.olo.
Syyou Fefer magaine.
(e) Somebodysays:Ndithandiwayini ebom\'r.
Sayyou Fefe white ne.
r *SeeUnit 15.2.
E

UJenny emsebenzini 'Masitethe isiXhosa'

Jennv ot worK - Let s

speakXhosa'

The South Arican flag (indwe yoMzantsi Afrika). Colou

in approptely
and nmber the coloF

In thrs Unit you uill leatn hou to:

lubhelu
iluhlza
(okwengca)
9

imlophe
iluhaz
(okresibhabhaka)

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

Rd this er(cerpt fom a poem by Mtnzana Dana

Fom which climc region s the poet witing? How do you know?
Competethe missinglines of the tanslation.

aokhow yo may help someone

.sk how someoneis in different wys
rspond in different wys
know what to saywhen at the gamge
thant someonein different ways
know what to saywhen giving someone tip
congratulateand expressgood wishes

Ihlobo

lncoko

'Ewe, kambeihobo lifftite

Yes,no doubtsummerhasarived
Ngubo yehlwempu,mhaziyi-lizwe BlaDet of the poor rcnewer [...]
Kalohr nje sinethemblempilo,
Now we havehopefor hel
Koku nje sinethembaoxolo
Kloku nje sinethembalokonwaba
Ngokuirka kwemvulazehlobo
Zthembis' isivuno soxolo
They Fomse peacefuhvest
Kub kambeihlobo lifikile.'

Onol Jenny'sgroupshascomeio the end of its mode. JeDnyputs her

studentstbough thei pcesto seewhethe ey arepoficient enoughto
procedto the next level.
Molweni bfundi! Nmhlanje n za kuthetha
isixhosa, rnna nalizL:uphulaphul!Ngoobani abatuna
ukuqala?
UMaknoPaul SizakuqalaJenny.
Mna. ndiza kuba ngumthengisi-petoi.Yena,uPuuz
UMark
kuba ngumqhubiwemoto.
Kullgile. bafundi, thethnil
UJenny

UJenny

Egaruji.
!

nsanroni
Umrhengjsi-peoliMoro mhela7i KunjIil \ding-L-unced
nanlanje?
Unqhubiwemoto Molo. nnumzana.Kunjni?
Hayi, krko nto. Ndihemba^zo! wen?
Unengisi-petoli
Umqhubiwemoto Nam, ndiphilile eosi.
Umthengisi-petroli Nyizalise itanki namhlaje?

t04

XHOSA_ UNITZ

Hayi, ndiphenge-fiJtyrnd 4analanje.

Umthengisi-petroli Kuneile mhlekazi.Anjni mavili?
Umqhubiwemoto Ingathi ivfi lsel:uenengaphambililifrrna umoya.
Khawhangele onkejikelele.
Umthengjsi-petoli Kulungile, mhlekzi.Umoya ungakanani?
Umqhbi wemoto Vramponpeayeku-210jikelele. Ndicela ungbali
ukuklangela nmnzine'oyile.
Umengisi-petloli
Aet afew noments.
Heke, zonte iznlo zilungile ngaphambi.Ndisle
ne.efestile?
Umqhubi wemoto Ungabaudincdie!
Umthengisi-petofi Heke,ndgqibile, lekazi.
Umqhubi-wemoto Ndiybuea. Undincedile. Nantsi imli yepetroli.
Nli ke icubaUmlhengisi-petroli Enkosi. uhambe k&uhle,lekazi.
Umqhubi wemoto Usleka.kuile,nuurzn.Sobonnl
UJenly
Mak noPaulnenzekald e!"ntrr!
Uletrny
Heke,Val nosaly, masivnieyenuincoko!
OoVl
Kulungie.

Isigara

I.]]FN N Y E MS E B E N ZIN I'M As] HE

I SI XHO
HE SA

ro5

lncoko
W a:idenrb bumps into a lady with he IJlLe! whi t)ait 8 in th?
rhr(kout queue an a com,ersation ensues.

Uxolo Nkosi(azi!Ndikwenzloisile?
tiVl'l
lkosikazi Hayi, hkno nto. Oo! uyasiethisixhos?
noko!
tlVrl
Ndiyazma
lnkosikaziHayi, akuzamil Uyasitheh!Usazelaphi s Gos?
Uxolo, andivakfle. KhawuphindeUVAI
lnkosikziNditheusitu e phi?
Heke.ndiyaqondangohrl Ndisifundaeksiniyes ahosa.
UVal
lnkosik^zi Uftndiswa nsubani?
NguNkosikaziMu.ray. Yenawalulela emaxoseni.
UVal
lkosik^zi Nam, ndivela emaxlloseni.
Liph ilAaya lakio?
UVal
lnkosikazi LiseCcadu.
UVal
Oo Y-dy Fere ngesiNgesileyo?
Inkosikazi Yo! Unyansle.Uyasaziisixlosa inene!
L aaphi, Nkoskzi?
Wal
lnkosikazi Eclaremoni. Wenuphi?
UVal
EKenilwor kodw ndisebenzphaeclaremont.
nkosikazi Nam ndisebenzapheclaenont.NdneresryueFi Averue
ebia ngegaraelithi'Nn8"ne'.
Inene! Mhlawumbi ndiza kukutyelela apho! Yhoo,
ndiphantsendalibaa,igamlm nguva Toddlnkositazi Ndiyavuyakukwazi VI. Ma ndinguxolisw Siing.
Nam ndiyavuya ukukwzi, Xolisw. Bekunnndikkulu
UVal
ukuthea nwe. Ndiyathemb ukuba siza kubonna
kwaklona. Ndiza kuxelela utitshallazj wam nekasi ym
ngeestyuyakllo. Mhlavumbi sonke siz kutyeea ires[t
yaklo kamsinyaDel
Uxolisw lngnle loo nto. Val. uhambe kakle.
Uhnbe kkuhlenawe,Xoliswa. Sobonanakwlhona
UVa

UVal

UJenny

Nani neDzekakuhle, Val nosaly! Ndonrvabile!Ndonwbe

gqi ngokuqhubelphambfi kwenu! Ndiyavuyisannani!
Ngoku nndininqweneeleilolide enlandi!

xHosa- uNt7

I SIHE
XHO SA
U ][N N Y E MS E B E N ZIN I'M ASI HE

Istgma
did I hut you?
wheE do you
tios it iion?
cla$
htvhonG
youlaugh?
ihd
which h qlled
by the mn
peihps

-tyela
ndiphets
ined oo nlol
owbil
ndonsabeeqidD
.gokqhhela
phaili kvenu

visit
I nedly
mdtelorebr!
I n happy
I n very hppy
eiyNpmgEs

- q) ia.

E j o n et r i 'h ., . e .
consFtuaom
ter re wjsh you
hoiday

Mdiqvdell
iholide

Horu o ...
Ask how you moy help someone
Ndingiunced ngantoni?

Ask how someone is in diercnt dus

Uphil / Niphil dani?
Uphiltl / Niplile?
Usaphil / Nisaphila?
Unjni / Kuqini? / Ninjatri?

Respond to being asleedhow yau ane in dlfe:ent woiys

Ndiyaphil. / Siphila kalarleenkosi.
Ndiphilre. / Siphilr".
Ndisphil. / Sisaphil.
Ndikhon. / Silhona.
ldom.,ri. expressions , ask how someone is
Uvuko nioni / Nivuko nioni?
llit. Howdo your'qke up?)
Uvukil i/ Nivukile?
{li.Hoveyouwoken up?)
Usohleli/ Nisohlli?
Aryou stillseofed?
(implicoiion
beingrhotthos
who o.e noiwll wouldnorbe
siltiis upl.

Some idiomoric exptcisions in response

Ndihlcli.
Sihlcli.
Ndihqmbonozo.
Sihombo ndzo.
Ndikhohlclq ndihombo.
Sikhohlelo sihombo.
Ndisdrobbo.
Sisororoba.
Ndiqhwcllq ndisiyoSiqhwollo sisiyo.
Sonwobile lekhoyo).
Ndiyo.olhozq.
Siyo.olhou q.
kukho nro limbil.
to: Akho'nro)
{shorlened
Kun.edo ntonlukukholozq?
Akuncedi ukukholorcl

Kno

I om going olong vrirh m.

We ore going olong wilfi em.
(-'lebs t, 'ihgrki =. P|obhr61
! om 'coughing olong'.
We ore'coughingolong'.
I om stillioltring olong.
We orc ill loeng olong.
I om limping soinsolons.
We ore limping soins olons.
I om hqppy.
We ore hoppy (ot homel.
I om going olong slowly.
w o.e going olong slowly.
The.e i5 nothing (bqd).
whot doesit help b comploin?
h doesn'thelp to comploinl

u)hdt to sdy dt the gdtdge

Ndingafnmanaipetmti.
Nced,zalisa tfnki.
Nceda]rtzliss.
Gaela nge-fifty rand qraUng'f.h'ngela i-oyile, an aitz; nanavlliMpompa anavili ngo-l.8.
Wampompengo-l .8Ingathi r'vili lgphmbili / gasemvalihlile kahuu.

Thdnk in drffercnt .|ys

Entosi kaku (nge"to yonke).
Vn liac'ile.

ro8

XHOSA UNI Z

Cultural background

UngabundincdiLNdiyabulel.
+ Seecutual bckground

Knou uhat to saryuthen giving someone d tip

Nali icuba.
Nazi iilekese.
Ina tshy.

(it. Hee is tobcco.)

(it. Here e srveets.)
(it. Tae for sonettingto smoke.)

Cotrgratutate and etapress good wishes

Ndiyr'yisnanarel
Maqobokaza/t ptumbi Ii! *
Siyvuyisnn)re
ngoin}'lrslw kwakio!
Zonwbise!/ Zotrwabiscni!
Ndii nqwelel,reumllo! .

ql!NNY EMSEBEN4NT-'MASTTHEThE
TSTXHOSA

ThatJitl
Congrtutions
I (til. I ejoice
rith rou)

Young ldies,well done!

Congratulations
your pronrotionl
Ejoy jouself / roa^lw|l
Good luck! (lit. I wish )d,,
success)
Ubhlq / NibhIg kkuhe!
Good luck fo e exams!
(1it.Write well)
Mitri trDndi (yohrzlwa)kulrel Happy Brdy to .y"r!
.lxresmesi myoli / ?mnandi!
Happy Ctuistnsl
Nyak' orntshomnandi!
Happy New Yel
(ozelengadathamssnql)
(fflled wi good luck)
Ndlel ntlel
Have a good tip!
Ubc / Nibc nemini emnndi!
Have a nic day!
tjlg / Nibg nernpel-vkiendil Have nic weekend!
Ubq / Nibe neholideenmandi!
Have nice holidy!
Njao naku'el
And e sae to ],ol
(ir. nd it is like at to )o,r)
*An expssionof
Faise fo a pelson or pesonswho have completeda
tsk efficiently and qckly.

1lrE 0rc severaidionatic ways of syig thank yo i Xosa whjch

yo[ may cornecloss.
Nrrrarrro o the tu sayg Ungadirt$'anangomso(lit 'you shodnot
h ticd (1odo lhe same)tomorrorv') ws coined by one of the greatest
leaches,scholarsand rrites of our time A.C. Jodn whose
XhA
to\.|, Ingqumboveminlanra - he Wrutho theAnc?rtorJ,is considered
oneof e finest in )ahosa.
Mdz'nethole (ll. femaleanimal and its young, usualy cow nd c11)
^
i8 lnoer the explntionbeing as folou,s: As mother atwys does
thingsfor her young,ospecia[y whenstill sucHing,e recipientof kind
gsturfelse kindnesst hsbeenbestowedis eqivaled only to tht
which motherusualy besbws on her young.
Ukvanda kwalwa gumttu*ttthi oit. Increase(of prospedty)is opposed
by th witch) i.e. thee is only one 'person' (the witch) who rejects the
klndness,help, etc., shownby one personto anoihewhich has led to an
Increasein hppinssandprospeity of e personon whom this kindness
Nt bat tungazibii/ ngazo.rn mi (lit.I hold wi two /both hands)is
usuallysidwhen o e pesonreceivessomethingconcetefrom another

f, Horo it works
I

Verb stems

beginning

llllth

a ttowel

You will hve observedtht most ve stems in ){hos begin wi a

consonanl.There ae, howeve! number of verb stemsthat begin wi
-smkela (wecome)
(ni- > n-)
> Namkelektir!
Ni' + smkelkil"l
(no$
' azi
)
Ndiyruya ukuh + szi > Ndiyruy ukui:tszi (-ku- > -kw-)
-enza (do, make)
(u >w,
> Wenznton?
U + enza ntoni?
A ve beginning wi vowel inflences Feceding vowe in one ol l'o
ways, yet anoiher example of a soutrd chIlge occurring.

I to

XHOSA- UNIT7

2 Verb stems with q tdtent 1:

hee ae lso few very frequently used one-syllsble vebs ir Xhosa
containing a so-clled latent i-. This latent i- influences a Feceding
''which chngsto 'e' :
-(i) (her,feel)

Ndiy4 + (Dva

> Ndiy4a

I hr,
drstnd
Nd4 + Ov
> Nd4v
I had
Ndiya + Oz
> Ndiyqz I m coming
-(i)za (cone)
Nda+G)z
>Ndgz
I came
-(tm (stnd,stop) Ndya + Or > Ndiygm I am stopptug
Nda + G)m
> Ndgma
I stopped
Ndiya + G)mba > Ndiysmba I m digging
-(i)nba (dig)
Nda + (i)b
> Ndsmba Idug
Note: When using vowel and one-syllable verbs to give instructions,
Fefix ' )- /]!' rcspectively:
Mak coffe,pease,
Ienza jkofu, nceda!
l4z' apha
Comehere!
Stop!
llm!
DrCl
llmb!
Digl (often usedin spokenXhosa)
Iombl
uphindcl
Yo cnsy that gi!
lltsho
3 Tenses denoting

past

actio.ns

dnd

eents

The nain ways of describingpast actions aDdevnts arc:

I
I
I
I

The recnt psttense

The remofe psttense
The contiNous /".e" past tense(seeUnit 12.2)
The continuous /eaoe pasttense(seUit 12.3).

The recent past te se

Like e present tense, he recent past tense hs two forrs which
corspondto the long nd sho folm of the prsentiense(ct Uit 2.2).
The long forr is charctedsedby suffiing -ile' to the verb wheDno
other word folows, whle e short form is chracterisedby sufiixing -?
when anotherrvord follows the veb:

ultNNY{!!9!\Z\1 144!lI!
thqtbte?
nini?
tJgqlb?
hrfundibaphumtl.
8ophum" ngohkhaweza.

dv you ftishd?
w1enItd you finish
The studentsliav? left.
They lt1 n a hury

Noo: The folong ftequently sed vebs do Dotfo[ow this ule. They
h vc only on written fom with fone and length d;stinglrishing
lNaweenlong and sho forms:
-libals (fogeo

Ndiliblc kwakhona.
I haveforgotten agin.
> -lele
Uele kkul e?
ltls Gleep)
Did you sleepwell?
-funrsnaGel find) > -fumqne Ufilmerg incwadi?
Did you get e letter / book?
(meeo
> -b c
Udibenenini lgThn?
-dibana
Wen did Youmeet
&ift) Thandi?
> -phethg
U}phettr irnli?
-phathaGring)
Did you bing themoney?
inco{poratinCril' (ci Uit t
thercarea numbrof expessions
Rcmembr
Theseexpessionsoften eferdng to one's physical state, e prcset
tens in meing, even though ihey have a p8t tens lbrm and are
rferredto as sttive yerbs i )Oosagrammabooks:
Sithbhathekile.
Ndonwbile.

> libele

we arimpessd.
I dnrhappy.

To form e Degtiveof the recent pasf tense (ardstative verbs)prefi{

the negativSC and suffix ldrga':
The studentshv nrt goneout.
Abatundi drdlrhumdr8d.
Andiphlansa.

(cnt pst)
I !!q ro well. (sbtive)

+ Seenit 121 for e past tenseof stative ves.

The remote p.tst
This tense is chrcterisedby the long 1a' of the subject concod
(cf. Unit 3.4) andis usedextensivelyin the telling of folktts.
a SeeUnit 16.

XHOSA
- UNIT7

112

ndiuu-

> ndzalw ngo'1950 si

> szalwango-1950nthi
> VAzawanini?
n;
> gzalw nid?
> Ezalwa ngo-1955 ba > bazalwngo-1955nbo
The subjectconcodsfor Casses3 15 re asfoflows:
u
i
liasirzilub':u-

Would you pesewi. a moment.

Wodyou(pl.)dse$dr nonenr

Kh-+ u- > khyu-.

r cf. Unit 4.5 ve fom enng in -c'.

Match verb and noun to give the apptopdat

to apply it

Say sornT when

(a) you thDkyou may haveht someoneby accident.
(b) you haveto intemrpt someone.
(c) you ae late.
(d) you forgot someing.
(e) you've kept soneonewiting.
(f) you don't spk)ftosa wl.

instruction

Gaea
Suta
Mpompa
Khngela
Zisa

Glve instuctions
(o) Comehere.
(b) stopl
(c) Me he tea now.

4 Kha- = '(rrlord you) pleose'

I l3

t]*j () iifestile, (b) ioyle nananzi, (c) ipetroli, (d) itnki nd

(c)omavili.

To orm the ftgative of the rmote pst tenseuseeithe the -dn8a' form
of he ecent pst (e.8. a.tulih9'mhangt:t)
o the xiliary verb -znge
(e.9. (ndi)zsngendihambe.)lit. I nevr went.

pHow

I
2
3
4
J

> l{a> J> la>a> s> za> y>z > lya> ba> k!

Khwulindc umzuzwn.
Kha!ilitrdg uzuzwna-

I$NNYr4sl9E!Z!!L:lll4!1!!M

OK, I'm coming.

OK, I'm stopping.
OK. I'l mkei. now.

Complete e dialogu between a petol attendant and a

Umthengisi-perroli Molo Dkosikazi.NdioghlDceda?
Umqhubi
Umtengisi-petIoli Ufun eyiphi ipetroli? Uatha u-95 oknye
u-97?
Umqhubi
Umthengisi-petroli Ndiljzjse4t, itanki?
Hayr,
Umqhubi
Umengisi-peto Kungile. Ungandiphaizilshixo (keys)?
Umqhubi
Umengis;petroli Enosi . Ndigklangela j-oyile?
Hayi,
Umqhubi
Umthengisi-petroli Kulungile.Umoyungakanani?
Umqhubi
Umthengisipetoi Amavil ncaphmbiblije kalulu.
Ndiwmpompengo-210.Ndisule neefestile?
Ewe.
Umqhubi
UDtlengisi-petoli Hyi, amanzialungile.Ngqibile nkoskazi.
Umthenghi-petroli Esi. Hambakakue.

I t4

XHOSA
- UNIZ

Complet ihe dtloge

Xolisiva and Val meer again. Comperetheir chr by filtng in e
missjngsubjectconcods:
IJVaI
Lxoliswa

Ndiyakhumhnautheuveaecacadu.(a) zalelwakona?
Hyi, O) _zalelwa kuKomani, kodwa abazai bam
(c)
fudukel ecacadu ndisemncinci. (d) _kutela
khona.
UVal
Oo, ndiyabona.
UXoliswa Wena(e) _zalelwa eKapa?
tlval
Ewe. (0 _zalelw eFish Hoek, kodwa (g)
Iala
emrnyeiminyale ecoli- (h) _tsharite, Xoliswa?
tlxoliswa Ewe, (i)
sebenzaeresqru,mna nomyem wam.
C) _tshatie wena?
UVal
Hayi, andisatshatga.
Sahluken.
L'(oliswa Tool Unabantwna?
l'val
Ewe, (k) _nentonbi ezimbini. Wena
() _ nabantwna?
UXoiswa Ewe, (m)_nbntwana abthathu,oonyanaabbini
nentombi.Intombi (n) _sencinci.
(o)_funeka
lJval
ndihambe nsoku.
(p)_leyithi.
(q)-nnnd
ukuttethnawe.Hambakake, wethu.
UXoiswa Sobonana.
-tudela
torhol
ndstucici
dilatshaimga
sukene

shml
Bhile I sas slil young
I m no lse mied
we de divored (lit. v e sepdatedfon eachod.)

Wish comeone
(a)
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(D

A nice weekendn cIansrowr.

A good holiday.
Good uck Guccess)at work.
Good uck fo exms.
Ippy Chistmsnd a happy New yea.
Listen to the songsor tape-Can you guessrhe specialoccsions
on which they ae sung?
Mi'Emn.ndi Kuwe
Tr Sobabini Sovumela
Min' emnandiL:uwe,

EMSEBENZINI
ISIXHOSA
UJENNY
- 'MSITHETHE
Min' emdi kuwe,
Min'enmandi kuwe, Thandi,
Min'emanahkuwe.

I ||l

Thin sobabini sovumelna

Sorumelnnwe
Sovumelan
,wmelana = be in hrmony
Match tle Eglich sentene wi the correct xlpsa senience
() Plesesit down (t. pech) andmakeyouseff comfortable.
(b) Plesercpet,I'm siening(lit. heing).
(c) Peasecomein ad sit dow.
(d) Pleasetalk I'm tistening.
(e.i Pleasehelp rne hee.
(0 Pleaseadvise(me).
(g) Pleasecheckoil andthe battery
(h) Pleasesive ne your phonenumber.
(i) Pleasewait a few ninutes.
C) Pleasesive me your addrcss.
1 Khwulindenje imtuzu embalwa.
2 Khv,undikeidilesi yko.
3 Kwuphind ndive.
4 Icwundinike inombolo yefowuni yako.
5 Khq.angele i-oyile nebhetri.
6 lcvruthethendive.
7 trGawungeneuNphntsi8 Khawundincedeph.
9 Khawundicebisel0 Khawuchophephaukhuleke.
The poei Soya Mama
How would you tnslate 'igama' in the contextir which it is found
in e noteson the poet SoyMma whosepoem1rl lela appeasn
Unii 6?
USoyMara ul,boneingakwiali yseNewBrightoneBhyingoma
we ll kweyeNkag gonya we-1919- Uq uL:u}bonkalisa
imibongo kwaMye mpheph-ndb.
Emv koko wppash
ingqokelelyemibongophaslkweE,aeli.tHAmdQufiube.
ili(<Afikmsagcf)
-bonaisa
-tapsha

scltcncnl
mkc appcd
pubiish

inibongo
ineqokclcla
anaphepia-ndaba
tumqunube(tua-)

poem
@llection
newsDapeN
beries

RHA]HAMsALQ4]
- 'NDlNGUGO
IIIHANDEMSEBENZINI

UThandi emsebenzini ' Ndingugqirha Thamsanqa'

Thandat work I am ur I namsanoa
In this Unlt you l,ll leatn hou to:
I
I
I
I
I

cofort / rcssureby telling someonenot to woy

sk what is wmng with someone
sy what is waongwith you
ask someone'sage
characterisepin

tr Incoko
tl

A moe bdngs he snal child who compansof a headchero the

hospit.
UThndi
Molo Nkosikazi. Molo rmtwan ,am. Khningene.
Ndingugqirha Thamsanqa.Hlalani phantsi. Nasi isituto.
Ngubaniigma lalo, Nkosikzi?
LMma
NnguNoncebaMajola.
UThndi
Wena,mntwan'm.ngubaniigma lakho?
Ngulndiwe.
UThandi
Hay, sukulila rntwn'am. Ungazikhthazi!Andizi
kukwenzakalisa! Nanku unopopi. Uuna ukumpha?
Hek, Nkosikazi, ndixelele, nize kusibon ngantoni apha
esibhedlele?
lJMama
Hay, yile ntwazan,gqirhaUThan
Itheni?
UMama
Iphethweyindoko, gqirha. Enye into ynohlela. klobea
khulu.
UThadi
Mngaphi iminyaL yahe?
UMam
M;anu, gqnh.
UIhndi
UliphetheHdi eNdlel ya Mpilweni?
UMm
Ewe,n.

ll'lhondi

ULhliwe
l,'l'hnndi
tJllodiwe
l.)'l'h{ndi
tJLindiwe
ll'lhndi
UMma
UThundi
lJl\4"na
l"J'l'handi
UMama
UThndi
UMama
UThandi
UMma
l,,Thandi
UMarna
UThandi

tI7

Kulungile.Heke,sanalwm,ndibonise,iDtokoibuhlL'ngu
phi kanye? Ungandikhombisn apho ibuhlungu khoDLr
indoko?
Ibuhlunsu apha,gqnha.
UbuHurgu uqala?
Hyi.
Zibublunguiindlebe?
Ewe.
U\'lz ezindlebeniuInltwanawakho,Nkoskzi?
Eq,e,gqih.
Uqenini ukuglaunntwana waho, Nkosikzi?
Lrsukuwesiathu o.
Ndixelele,ullhe wamdt into yokudambisiintungu?
Ewe, ndinike iiPnadokodwa azincedit .
Wakhewenzlentokongaphambili,umntwn1l}?
Hayi, gqiha.
wakhe wagulaklrhulungphambili?
Ha]'r, gqha.
Ingabunazoezinyeiingxki, o nntwaDa?
kuty.
Ewe gqirha,akakucacelang
Kulungile, Nkosikazi. Ngoku, ndifna ukumxilonga.
Khwumlulule uDlaliseaphaebhedini.

lalgama
.hir
lrhlo
do cry
iukulia
donwory
lngazithaazi
Mdizi kukwenzakalisaI son lhut]',r

yonlave mme

-bullungu

it is this litile one unqala

whal is it?
hav hadache iidlebe
cogn
-qd
(lii. theyrenow wanika
my her yas?) abisa

I ta

XHOsA.UNT 8

Ndineriftrba.
Ndinengalo.
Ndinegxalaba.
Ndinomnwe.
Ndinernda.
Ndinomleue.
Ndinonyawo.
Ndinozwane.
Ndinengqinib.

Horo to ...
Reossute

HMSANAA
IJTHANDI
EMSEBENZINI
-'NDINGUGOIRHA

(lit. I
(t. I
(lit. I
(lii. I
(lit. I
(lit- I
(it. I
(lit. I
(lit.I

hve a chft) i.e.

have an ) i.e.
have a outdr) i.e.
hve tug) i.e.
hve hand) i.ehave a leg) i.e.
have a foot) i.e.
have a toe) i-e.
have an elborr) i-e.

I haveest pain.
I have a soe m.
I have a soreshoude.
I have a sorefinge.
I have a soe hd.
I have a soreleg.
I hve a soe foot.
I hve a soe ebow.

sorn iofir.,r. xpressiont incorporalli,'g

parls o, rc ody

someone

Musa ulu.zr'khthazs,(anzi kulrenzkalis).

Sukuzikhthz,(andizi L:u,brenzkatisa).
Ugtkhthazi, (andizi kutuenzkasa).

Ask what's .Drong with someone

Unantoni na?
Uphethwe Jintoni?
Ugul )inloni?
Uthl ng rtord ke?

Ungsindi
Unentliziyo
Unolwr'mi
.lnesondlc
Unomlomo
Unorqolo
Ndiphgni iindlebe
Ndkelo ;zondlo
/sondlo sihlombo

Helshe is brcrve
Helsheis kind

(lit. to be wnh o liv)

(lit. b b wiih o hdrl

Helsheiso gorripcr
Helsheis*iltul
He/sheis o big rolkr
Helsheis o rhief
Helsheis relioHc

ll. b bwh o ronguel

ll. |o bwiho hondl
(l. to bwitho nrolh)
(lt.tobewifilngfiErs)
(lt-to bth o 3pinl
(lt.giv myouer6)
(lir.I oskfor hcnds)
(lil.onehnd

Sag what is tD"ong uith yo

Ndiyakhohlel.
Andlkucacelangaulvty.
Ndiyabhi8 G'ln getting thin).
Wone l''lzimba wam ublungu
Ndinentloko.
(lit. I have a hed) i.e.
Ndinentmo. (lit. I hve nck) i.e.
Ndineralleb- (t. I hve an r) i.e.
Ndinonqla.
(lit. I have a thmat) i.e.
Ndinon qolo.
(lir. I have a spbe) i.e.
Ndineltso.
(lit. I have an eye) i.e.
Ndindr@ho- (lit. I haveeye6)i.e.
Ndinezitryo.
(lit. I have tooth) i.e.
(lit. I have a sfomch) i.e.
Ndinesl$r.

I t9

Ask hoa old someone s

My whole body is sore.
I have a hdache.
I have a soreneck.

Unernryaka .rn ingaphi (rdl= ge)?

Mtn9phi t ryaka yakho?
Wzalva nhi?

Choracteise poin
I have a soe throat.
I have a sorebck.
I have soe yes.
I havetoothache.
I have sorc stomach,

Kuyatshisa.
KuyalmKuyqqmba.
Kuylb.

It
It
It
It

is bning.
s colicky. (lit. i bites)
s thobbing.
s stbbing-

12)

XHOSA- UNI 8

Song

blunrouded-ngqnkuv
wide
-b zi

Thul thul' thula bhabha

Hush hush hush baby
(onsinaly a Zul sone)
Hush,hush,hushbaby,
Hush baby,
Thu' umm' uzobuya
Hush mother.'ill comebck
in lhe moming,
Tha th' thula bhabha,
Hush,hush,hush,
thul sna,
Hush bby,
Uzodl' etaben'
Shewil crossthe mountin
emalhafeni.
andhi[s,
Kukhw'inkanyezi elokel'
Thereis a st tht lads
ubba
the father
Emkanyiselaindlel' eziy' ekhaya. Lighting his p coming home.
SobesiHroaxa bont
It srill be thee when they all
betshoyo,
Bethi buyelubuye'
Sayingetum, retrn,
uzkhay.
Thula, thu', ul bhabh
Be quet, be quet, be qer, baby
Ungakh, thula sanq
Don't y, be quiet, baby,
Thula, u' thua, thul' mntwana. Be quiel be quiet, b quiet, cbid
Thua bhbha,thula sana.
Be quiet bab be quiet bby.

Ndiusizi.
Ulusizi?
Ibuhlurg indoko?

The mostcommonlyusedeativestemsareose conveyjngideasof tase,

degesof warmth,heaviness,etc.,andincludeth coloun (cf. Unit 6.2):

chep

-nztm
-tshiphu
-mnndi

I amsorry. (lit. I soy)

Is (you)headsor?

Ven adiectivese usedaspedicahs, the adjectrvlconcordmi!s its

Inltisl vowel is Ffixed to e adjectival stem except in Cass9 nouns
wherethe adjeciivalconco'en: > 'in::

AC

C minus itritil vowel

MLhulu u,'rsebenzi.
M;khulu i,'.isebenzi.
l,ihle izulu.
Mahle amanyo.
,Sincinci,senaaZincinci ,.anda.
I/*ulu ipilisi.
Zidrlu iipilisi.
lxkh$lu sn.
Bude ubik.

Ktsh
uwa.
diffict

-mdaka
shDshu
-dikirtiki
-buhlungu
'bukhli

AdJecttoes

en-

lula
-luta
-dDl
-krar

-tsolo

lr is \ery ea\y o \c reltivesas predjcates.Simply prefi\ lhe reevnl

iubici concod to lhe etive stem:

used. ds pt'edic@te

Relotues

-bhtele/ -ngcono dark

hot
-trzulu
-msulra
painftl
-mnndi
usizi
"hurp

better
dep
innocent
nice
sad

@ Hon t l,l.,orks

easy
light
expensive
bitter

pointed

MisceUaneous

Thul thu' th bhabha.

7 Descriptioes

t2l

HAMSANOI(
IJI-]ANDI
EMSEBNZINI
-'NDINGUGOIRHA

The cbitd ir bautifrrThe ctiilden are beatifut.

The task ir huge.
The tasksdr huge.
The weatherir beautiful.
The teethdr beutiftrl.
The hand tr sm.
The handsd/e sm.
The pill ir big.
The plls dre big.
The bby tr big.
The winter ir long.
The food ;.rfrsh.

Not: wlen adjectivesare used pedicvely e prefened word ode

seemsto be adjectivefolowed by noun-

122

XHOSA UNIT8

With the lst and 2nd persoN singula and pluml (I, we, you), e
adjectival concods '-m:and '-ba: ae placed betwen the subject
concodandthe adjectivastem:
Ndizd.
Siadala.

I.m old.
We e old.

Uratsh
Ni4tsha.

You ae young.
You arc youdg.

+ SeeUnit 15.5for ngative of adjectivesandelatives.

In oderto express'sll' with descriptivessuchaselarivesandadjectives,
-!: asopposedto -sr (which is usedth vet is pacedbetweenthe
subjectand adjectivalconcods:

Youare$il! youns.
Thebabyis slill sman.
Thewomenarelll betiIi .
he mlk is $ill f$h.

Ulentsh.
Lusc/zncinci usana
Balclahle bafaz.
ltbisi ulsrlasha.

-Se. can alsobe usedwith other non-verbs:

Ulqseribht|elunmtwana.
Ulcklotr ugqirh.

The child is !]d!! in hospital.

The docto is slil! herc.

In the rcgative -!c- Inens no longer'l

Hayi, ugqirha ak!ko.

2 Equiualent of'ond'

No, the docto is no longer there.

between oerbs

n Udt 2.9, you lemt that nours are connectedby 'ns-' :

abazai nabar\ t,d:,a:

parentsand children

Howeve! when two vebsl fors follow one nothe.e secondve

endsin r9'to ndicteconsequenrilacrion(sequential):
Mklulule untisg

"bhedrri.

lrtuDg zika zimkc?

Undessher a!!! l;e her down

Does the pain come A!!d go?

Noter iirdngu = physical pajnG) ahvaysin the plrl fom.

3 Equidlent o the English aduetbs 'olreody',

'dluays','euer','neoer','neatlg','usuallg'
These nglish adverbs ae expressedin Xhos by so called auxiliry
(helpins) vrbs:

EMSEBENZTNT
UTHANDT
- ',NDlNGUGOlRllA
M4!4Nq4
Did shve hu her hed
wakhe wenzkaaindoko
before?
ngphambii?
WassheeYrvery sick beore'
Wkhwagula kakhu
ngphambili?
\ir'khwmbonngaphambii? Have you ver seenirim befbre'
r.ele(-l',

often shoftened to "sd / se-'' 'alrcodv'

It's al over!oit.It's ahatlyerowh)
Skwnele!

'-soloko' - 'al,a,qys'
IDttokoisoloko ibuhungu?
'-z!g,e'/'-lln.ad$e' - 'neoer'
Akrznge waga.

ls you headlwys soe?

Shehsrcver beensick.
(ci nit 7.4)
I nve said so.

,4Jdizngendatsho.
Zange sabonna.

He neYe said so.

Khge atsho.
Kh&rge ndbon?ixeshaelide. I haven't seen]o fo long time.
'-sozp.'= 'shall' / 'utlll neoer'
Uxolo, ndisozendiphitrdg.
Sozndiselekwahona.

Soy,l'll neve do it aga.

I'll nev in] (lcohol)again.

'-phantse'

- 'nea'
Yhu, nphntsndawa!

'dta ngoku- = 'usually',

Udl ngokugl]la ebusika-

4 DiJercnt

Oops.I nertyfe
'reque^try'
He/shers fmquently iLliD winle.

o saying'lDhy?
'//.ays

WhenThndi askedMs Majola why shehad cometo hospital shesaidi

Nize L:usibonangantoni aphaesibhedlele?(lit. You hve come to sees
for what hee at the hospital?).Hee re threof e sevel other wavs
of expessing'why?' in )Oosa:

124

XHOSA UN] 8

'Kutheni'
Unlike other intengtives'kutheni' iztrodr."r qestion:
Why didn? you t rn ?
Why e you lerning Xosa?

Kuthni ungndtxeleldSd?
Kutheni ufundisil-losa?
'-eta i' / '-elel'i' (lit. ''.l,hot o?')

Us,undclaiisixhosa?
Usrundclcaiisixhosa?

Why dq you leam )ftosa?

Why dd you leam Xhosa?

'ngo(ku)ba'
Ufundais <hosangoba?
5 Anothet

intefl'og.rtiel

Why e you eming)Oosa?

'-phi?' - 'uhich?'

You arc alreadyfamilia wi '-phi?' = 'rvhere?'rvhichis prefired by the

Uphi mtr?
Bphidrdtrtrana?

Where (s) tte child?

Wherc (ae) e chidren?

Wuphi umw^ti'
Bdlhi d.mtrY$ra?

Which chjld?
wtcli cldren?

In the so-cIed 'mng' classes,i.e. wheethe subjectconcordconsistsof

a consonantand a vowel (ba-, li-. si-, zi-, lu-. bu-, ku-) only tone
distinguishesthe tro intemgatives:
'vherc?' = high tone
'which?' = low tone
where the subject concord consists of a vowel only (in the so-caled
'wek' classes),'w- or '-yr is prefixed to the subjectconcord:
Uphi urrndllo?
l&ehi ,/r,Ddlo?
Iphi irrtrdllo?
I,phi i/randlalo?
Aphi a,nayez^?
Vaphi anayez l
Iphi ircwadi?
lphi incwadi?

Wher is the bed?

which be'
Wher are the beds?
whchbe?
Whr are the mdicines?
I44iict mdicines?
Whee is the book?
Which btr,k?

. ND/NOUOO
AHAI AMSANO^
UTHANDI
TMSIBTNZIN

t25

llcsides this b8ic fom thee is so oDget morc spcclc rr

(prclixing o- / - / e- ), ud the mening 'which Frtic,Id.
. l sccDrs ro
preferred
possibly
i
to
disngish
belwcen
lrc
hc
everyday speech,
'whee?'
'which?'
:
meanins
and

Wphi 'rntwna?
Awuphi umrrawarral
Baptri aba'ntwaa?
Abaphi abantwna?
{rphi ,mdlo?
Owphi ,'lndlalo?
Iphi ,zndllo?
4ipht tnndllo?
rtthi tldi?
Eltphi tkdi?
Wtphi amayezal
u'aphi anayezal
Stphi i.lbhe' l?
E$phi tstbhedlele?
Ziphi izikolo?
Ez,phi ;zikolo?
Iphi tpilisi?
4iphi tpsi?
Ziphi iircwadi?
E ,phi iircnadi?
Zphi sib?
Olphi sib?
K,/phi dr,y?
Akuphi ukutrI

Which childl
Wich psrtic lar ch dl
Ithi.n childen?
ritci childen?
Wich bedl
Wich be1
li4ricl beds?
mich beds?
Which cad'!
which c?
fl/,icmedicins?
wr,icfr medicies?
&ct hospital?
whch \$pitl1
IAic* schools?
I44iict schools?
Whchpinl
Whih pn
ll4itc& books?
mricfr books?
Whichpit?
Mich pe?
Whichtoodl
Whchood'l

Whenrga- / k- / na- ae prefxed to this folm ia mkesthe 'string' even

longer
Wazalwa4grlrphi rnyaka?
Uy kv?riphi rsibhedlele?
Ufuna ukutheba!a,u phi ,gqiha?

xHoS
- uNt8

126

!!How
I

to apply t

Wlich of tho folowing )Gos words can replace the 'xhosalisc(l

English wods:

Give the plurals

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

iliso
indlebe
ingalo
isnda
Qesons and esponses
Yo mee. a ftiend whosechild hasbeenill. In orde to completethe
convestion,translateyour questionsandesponsesiDto )rcsa:
(a, Hov s tour chil.l? ls she stil n hospitl?
Hayi, ubhetelekancinci, akasekhosibhedlele.
(b, I a sorrr that she is onb a lttk b.ttea bat I a.n glai tha she
is at hone again.
Ndikathazekkklulu kuba akaucceangaukuty. Ubhityile.
(ct Whatdid the docto sal?
Undinike iyeza,kodw ngelishwalisebenzi.
(d) lztt hopeshewill loon be wUasain.
Hayi, sithembnjo.
3

umkhune
ubushushu
unandlalo (lit. t)
uddewethu

Read e dialogue

idolo (kee)
2

U TH A N D IE MS E B E N ZIN I 'NDI NG UC'Q I RHATHAM SANO A 127

UNokhaya Hi Xolisw.
Uxoliswa Molo wethu. Ndiy:ubon uphlile, Nokllaya. Banjani
ekaya?
UNokhaya Oo, um yena akaphingll.
Uxoliswa Kwenzeleni?
uNokhaya Uwile ebesihlaiziteps. Ugqlh umunele esibhedlele
k,vangoko.
UXoswa Oo, nkosi yam! Ndiluszi klu.
UNokhya Ewe, waphukaunlenze,usesibhedlelenthetha nje (as
I speak).
Uxoisw Ndiyemba ukuba uza kuchcha ngokukawdez.
Khawundibuliselekumamawalho.
UXosw EDtosi. Hambak:uhle.

Bead e dialogue nd answer the questions

Uzdwa
LINomsa
Uzodwa
UNomsa
Uzodwa
UNomsa
Uzodwa
UNomsa
UZodwa
UNomsa
UZodwa
UNomsa
bu!

Moo,Noms.
Molo sisi. Uphila njani?
Hayi, auko nto. Wena?
Awn, m, rndipbilnga.
Ar'u, ukangelekugula ngenene.Ugula yintoti?
Ndineflu- Intoko ibuhngu.Ndinefiva.
Kufnekugodukeuphumleebhedini.Ubuyie kugqih?
Ewe, undiphenyez.Ndiyathembukubaza
kusebenzngokkwxeza.
Nam, ndithembnjo. Ngubni ozakukugcinaekhy?
Usisiuzakundigcn.
uzd k!plula tam'in)ne
l',ulungile.Ndj)aembuL-uba
kwaklona. Hanba krkuhe.
Entosi. Katrmandi.
gcin!

ookate

sa
cbesilna
ineps

lall
goina down
sieps

-apha
chebd
thaqndibli&

b@
pldegrtliomm

lnagineyouaresitingNokn) s moein ho.pital.How soudyou:

(a) greethe (you ffe younger)?
(b) ask her how sheis tody?
(d)
(e)

(0
G)

sayyou e soy tht sheis in hospitalndi11?

askwhetheyou cnhelp her wih sometting?
askwheer sheis in pi?
wish her speedyrecovery?
saygoodbye?

t28
5

XHOSA- UNIT8

Match the following

appopiaily

Use thesepbases:() isifub sibuhlunguphi knye?,(b) Lb uty

kncinci giirh,(c) ulle phebhedini,(d) x ulohel?, () ndzi
kukwenzisand (f.)nsi isituto.
I
2
3
6

Hphntsi
4
Isinrbsbuhlungu
kkhuu 5
Wenuybhity

Kh\iukuue
Ndicel undibonise
Ungziklhzi

Put e sntences in right sequenc

Lifuna kubonaugqnhkuba inesisu.
Zrye kaththungemimi emva
kokuty.
Ixhegokzielithie iya ekiniki(d) Isisu sibhlungkakhuu.
Heke gqirha, Ndiza kuzitya iipilisi, kodw ngubni oza
kundinika ukutya?
(0 Usqirha uyalixilonga.

o) Emva koko uthi: Nnzi iipilisi.

tatharh
cnvakoh9a
iegokui

tne ncs
fter nels (lil. fter eng / food)
old wolm

@rrair
-ile
kuly iipisi ac pnk

(a) He is bve.

Sheis very kind.

They are very reliable.
He is a big tlker.
Sheis very skilf.

Give ihe literal meaning or e idiomaic expressions

o)

Unesandlaesbandayo
(He/sheis stingy.)
Unesandlaesishushu
(He/sheis generous.)
Unika ngendiziyoetle
(He/sheeives gladly.)

t29

(d) Unentliziyo emhlophe

(H./shehas a kind heal.)
(e) UDamadolo
anzima?
(A you exhaurted?)
9 Translate the following
(a) Indiziyo ym ibuungu.
(b) Unentliziyo emd,/ennyam.
(c) Unentliziyoemsulw.
10 Complte qustions

o)
(c)
(d)

(0
(h)

(r)

0)
(k)
(t)

7 Say
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)

UTHANDI
EMSEBENZINI'ND NGUGARHATHAMSANAI(

Wen,uthh_phi uwimi ekhay?

Ufunde-ph iilwmi eskolweni?
Ufunde n nye nwimi eyunivesithioknyekw_nye
Uketh utheth_phi uwimi?
Ndieee, wzawang phi uny?
Wazalwang pbi inyaga?
Wazalwans pbi iminj?
phi ilizwe?
Wazalelwakw
phi idolophu?
Wazalelwakw
Utundekw phi isikolo?
phi ibangaGtandad)?
Waphunakw
Utunde kw-phi iyrvesithi?

izwe?

IJPEER
EMSEBENZ]NI
EKIRSENBOSCH

UPeter emsebenzini
eKirstenbosch
Peter at work at Krstenbosch
In ths Unit
I
I
I
I
I
I

gou ntill learn

how to:

intoduce someoneyou work wid

point o singleout
saywhat a placeis fmousfor
encourageenvimnmenaly fiiendly prctices
rcquestthat appopriateequettebe obseffed in public plces
saywhat the bestis

t 3l

lBlgama
*i shoD I worn idume ko lone
bolb of us
ihlab
ubulnc
sardens
which slve waler yasekwa
rhsliojct
adeta
w.s saed
inkitha yezilyalo
jonemi nje
o erbish
suihble
lo naneiso
l^ry
otharhve
ya^za
air aboui(n.
h d there) i7inga
eachpnpi
rinyrka
nap
ngei,nyaka

Incoko
E
ti

Peter intoduces his colleague Phurta Bongela to group of school

chidren who wil tell them abouttwo vital projetsat Kistenboschis
ItPete

Molweni batundi. Narelekile eKxenboschl lgzl-a lm

nguPeierMuay. L nguNkosikaziPhur a Bongela"endisebenz
naye-Sobabinisiziingcaphephezezityalo
Ki stenbosch.
^ph^
UNkosikazi Bongelauza kunixelela ngeegadiezinoondooz'
tlt^zj neoutreach Gadening Pftject. Le nqubo yqw
ukuzesiDcedeizikolo ukusekagdi ezifaneekieyo.
Kodw krqala ndiza kn gqaba-gqaba eeKirstenbosch.
UNkosikzi Bongela uza L:unika urundi ngnnye irnphu
yaseKrstenbosch. Le gadi idume kulo lonke ihablh;
rgobuhle. Yasekwango-1913.lndek kakhuu ngeDxa
yenl,irhayerir)alo ra"eM/anr'iAJrd.
Jongai nje lo nfanekiso oawe echelsea Ftowet Show
yaselondon apho lKrstnbosch ya tz lzldtg e21111112i,
khonaiminyaka nseminyak.

flower duti: rodiiiondl haf, Eirn Ndlovu, fom h Doknsberqfoorhi s,

broush o liflle mog c ro tondon's wrld.mus
chhe Fowe Show ih we[.
Sou Afticol Sets Ki-tenboschexhibirdepicid bianlclrcpresnrrin

Rmi loi consrvotoryor KlBtenboschos well os a lod tionol heoefs hut, wirll
Ndlvu ln h trodlhono one lwh ch lnpe$ed the Oueen.he 5rondwon o s vol
qir mdo o is orrs s 22nd meda in irs22 vo6 o rhe shw

XHOSA UNI 9

t33

EMSEEENZ]NI
EKIRSENBOSCH
UPTER

lindlelo ezinrondothu zokulondolozo cmon

:q
I

]Yla izityalo ezingafuni

manzi raninzi

Wulungiseumblabngokufh
isivundisoukuzeukwzi
ukuwagcinaamnzi

(Plant plants which do not

,Equire a lot owater)

(Preparcthe soil bJ,puttng in

compostso tfultit is abk to
rea|n,Jaet)

3
Wugqumeumhlabphaftathi
L:wezityongezintoezigcina
ul:utumaernhlabenimzekeloumgquba
(Cotet thesoil betueenpLtnts
with naknal thot t ll keepthe
nosture in the soil - for
aample, compost)

.'

DI

U9

EX
\

v^
\!rra

4
Za ule izityalo
ngokweemirnoz^zo

(Grouppants accotdirg to
thefi v,atunngne?ns)

$tyale gc kupheapho
kuyiuneko knona

Nkcenkceshela
ngokufmeekileyokunjalo nje
x kuyimtuneko

(Plant smss onb whercneee)

(Wlte apptupiateb acco ine

to needonly)

y-
7

Phuma gtes each pupl a ndp o Kirstenbosch and tk s them on the

tour o the gadens staft e with the v,ateniise gaftlen. She asks then to
rcad the infotmation boads th.tt erplai
how to esrablish an
envi rc nmen t.tI J Ie nd watc ty i se I aftlen.

t/

.sP

. sc 'kS
,s-

r - -

<.
-

P
g

E9
,(

rT-

1 34

X H OS A .U N 9

I,I1ILIi EMSEBENZINI
EI]RSTENBOSCH

lrtsama

trnrxooituno

lheK"shnbcL5
O o"hB,! <po.oieo
b) *e A.slGAm-"a a d D" B-'(
'
(Photogrcphs
couiesy
Norionol
Boronic
Godens,Kn,enbosch)
Thej Eo on a tour o the eaens er which Phunla te s thepupils that
shewil be coning to theb schoolshortb to help themestabishthet orrn
UPhunla Heke, bafundi, ndiz kunityelela esikoweni ukze siqale
igadi enolondoozomanzi. Mna. ndiz kuzis izityalo
nezixobo zegdi, kodwa ndiirna ukuba nina nithabae
irlxxb kuo msebenzingokuzmakuungisa unba
esiolweni.
Abafundi Siyenznjn,loo to, Nkosikazi?
LlPhula Eyon nde ilungileyo kukuqal ngokwenzauDgquba.
Ningq ngokuqokelelaintDlom yekhitshi. Uzekelo,
amxolo ernjfuno. maqokobhemaqanda,amagqbi,
amhambo kunye nengca esikiweyo reenyatyambo
ezifeyo neentsibanouthu hveenhni- Kodwa ningazifati
iitoti, iiplastiki okanyeamapheph.
Ndiz L-nlyelelaesikolwenisenu!:\liveki ezayo.Sizkukheth
indwo efanelekileyosenzemgqubakuyo. De kube ngoko,
ningfaa yonkeinto eniyiqokeleeyokwezi ngxowa.
Heke, bafundi. ndiyanibue ngokumamela ngenymeko
eneaa. Nibe nepilild ernndike nsoku, kodwa ndicea
niyigcine icocekile igdi. Njngalibali ukucho onke
amaphephaphmbi kohrb nihanbe niwalake emigqomeni
yenkunkuma.Hambnikuhle. Sobonanakwiveki ezyo.

legerabePeel!

trf {okobhc naqa.dxegg shls

ruqabi

trtcresikrweyo
liril

e!i

g.as.ulti.es

yanbo czilicyo d.ad tloNers

d\ilra
'
trhrhL seeunj

tcthc^
ash (ofNood)

A iodiiionol heo r or herbolr- {ixhwele)

t 35

r3

XHOSAUN 9

Exampleso indgenous plrrn s wrh medi.inot popc,rriec

usd n ,rodlionol prd.tice
,si.okolhi
Usedin onicnololqnd posl-nalol

umhlqbo
Usdos o loxotvebui olsoor
odhritis,eczemo,coniunctivitis,
hypedension
ond sless

umhlonyone
Africon wornwad
One o fie mostwidelyused
Anotherplontwidelyusd
odilionolmdicines
in SoulhAico- lo heotorns,wos, oroche
Usedfor hoiinscoughs,clds
dnd inluenzo,
feve,losso oppil,
colic,heodoche,
eoroche,moloro
ond inteslinol
worms
,n.wsdi
hushnon poisonbulb
Usdds dressing
ohercicumcision
ond or teotins boilsond sptic
wunds,to heotcoms,worls,
eroche ond toothoche

MoiiJyusedor woundholing,
obscesses,
hoemooids

impepho
Usdo, wounddrcssinss,
coushs,colds,eve,infctions,
$eodoche
po;n
ond menstruol

EMSEBENZINI
EKRS]ENBOSCH
UPTTER

JHow to ...
Introduce someone gou t1'ork @ith
Lo nguNkosikazi
/ Lo nguMnumzana
ndisebnznye./ Sisebenzakunye.
Ndinga*wazisa uMosikzi
/ Mnumzana
?ndisbenzan),e,
Mandiiwazisc uNkosilGzi _
/ Mnumzn
endisebenzsn}?,

Ndingath.nda udibnelrqNkosikazi_
endrsebenz
rr,

noMnumzan_

Polnt out / sbrgte out

Lo ngNkosikaziBongela.
yqawukuzesincedgizikolo.
Le
gadiidumekulo lonkeihlabathi.
Le "kqubo
Lo mfarckisowathawaechelsea
FlowerShowyaselondon.
Sqy what o ptace is tenoaned for
Le gadiidumengor,rN.
Le gadiidumengerxyenkithyer,tylo.rnrrLe gadiidumengnrlronisoyerttylo.
riendlg po.ctices
Iyl atyalo eztngatunt
manz;naniru;.
Idungiser/ tlabangokufakarsiwndbo uf,zeukwriukurdgcin

Encoutdge
Usedproliicolly
b eliev
osthmoond rducpoin

137

enl'onmentolty

lvrgqumel,lrrhlbphkathikwedtylongeztopztgcinuftrm
e','hlrhen.
Zahlulg,.itylo ngokufunak\tzoaman.
}'tyalg ;rgckupheaphokurrnfunekokhona.
ngokufnelekilelo
Nkcenkcshela
kunjalonjexa kuJtnfuneko.
lyenzgumgqubangokuqokelel
ir?kunkum?khitshrri.
Sd9 uhat the best is
yon8ndlelilngilelo ...
Eyonndtroilutrgield ...
E|o xshlugileld .-.

r38

Requeat thot dpptopiate

a public ploce

XHOSA- UN]T9

etiquette is obseroed in

Ndicel nigcirc igadi icocektle.

Ninglibli ukuchota onke l'n phpha phambi kokuba nihmbe
nir.rfkg migqomaiyerkunkum.

EMSEBENZINI
EKIRSENBOSCH
UPEER

f Horu t works
I Possessiuesof Class 7a
In Unif 5.2, you leamt that pNsessivereltronship in )Cosis expressed
by meansof a possessiveconcod (eqvlen to Engish 'r or o, for
I 15,e.g.:
Closses
ln3benzi wpngcaphpheyezityalo
(< msebenzi)r4' + ingcphephe)
Howeve,wi nounsof Class la, i.e. poper nnmesnd kinship terms,
'ka-' is used:
reltionships,
Petefs job
,nsebenzitaPete
f you look at the map of Kirsenboschin this Unit you will find de
following xmples:
IBEAFU trKOLONELI BIRD (ColonelBndl! ba)
,HEJI KAVAN RIEBEECK (vn Riebeklhedge)
reCss9 nons.Like nounsof Classes
'lbhaftr' and 'ihji' (possessees)
1,3,4 and6 (un-, in-, and theyeweakclassnouns.
blongsto a strongclass,its subject
Howevet when the noun possessed
concord is prefixed to 'ka- . You wil also see an example of this
constructronon te map:
/SANGO IRYCROFI

(Rycroft3 entrance/sate)

'/sango' is slong Clss5 noun.

2 The eqialent of Englsh 'eoch'

This is fomed by 'ng- + adjecnlal conco

,rrrfudi ngan nye

lmthi ngrmye
rsrlyalo ngasinye
rrtytyrmbo ngaqye
uudr{eq;lurye
ubuiktgburye
*cf.
+
it 8.1.

* + '-lrye' (o')l

each prt
each ist

t40

XHOSA UNI 9

ptonouna

3 Emphatic

teeftng

to the srd

peson

You e ladyfmili wi the emphtic pronours refering 1()rbe Ist

nd2ndpersons,
i.e., 'mn,' 'drina,' 'ren.' 'rina', (i Uni! 3,2).
Theponounsfor e 3d peson(Classes
1-15)usullyfoowthe noun
theyemphasise:
zPete
dafundi
rdsebenzi
tnisebenzi
igq'e
olr]gqweth
trithethi
r.,thethi
inttheli
iirtstheli
ndwedwe
iindwedwe
rsika
ukut]'

)dna
bona
)dn
lon

zon
]dtr
zona
loia
zona
hon
kona

Pete, asfor him

the pupils. asfor em
thejob, sfo it
the jobs, as fo em,
lhe wyer, s for him / her
the lwyers, s lor them
the speakr, s fo him / her
the speaks,s fo them
the joumaist, s fo hin / her
the journaists, sfo them
the guest, sfor hi / her
e guests,s for them
the lbod, s for it

When the emphticpmnoun is usedwi 'n.= 'have'/ 'wi', the

shoenedfolm (i.e. without 1n') is used:
UrJe ,rrncedisi?
Bwe, ndi]4.
Hayi, annale.
Uno
Uwo
Unyo
Unlo
Un)ro
Unro
Unazo
Un),
Uzo
Ura'ln
Unat

drancedisi?
,rmhlakulo?
rnihlkrlo?
,xesh?
ananzi|
irityalo?
i.dyslo?
iCadi?
irtyatyalrbo?
.ldwe? 0ist)
ukuty?

Do you hve n assistt?

Yes,I haveon.
No, I don't hav one.
Ewe, nnr.
Ewq ndinawo.
Ewq ndin)r.
Ewe, ndinalo.
Ewe, ndnauo.
Ewe, ndnaro.
Ewe, ndinezoEwe, ndinaJo.
Evr'e,ndinzo.
Ew, ndiDlo.
Eu/e,ndins.o.

Hayi, andinr.
Hayi, anditrand.
Hyi, andi]z'.
Hyi, andilr.
Hayi, ann$rr.
Hayi, ann.o.
Hayi, ann.o.
Hayi, andiD}d.
Hayi, andinaza.
Hayi, andtralo.
Hyi, andjnano.

i_.1||ll
RtMsEBNZrNr
EKIRSENBOSCH

t4t

'ls r.rpholicponoun can also be usedwih preposions'ku ' / ng,

Kulungjekuwe? Ewe. kulungile L:m. Nlelg ngare.
Xulure! (It is up to )o,/!)
4 Euptldtioe

ptonouns

+ llungileyo'

='the

best'

IDcrhlive pronotms are formedby pefxing the elative elements'o-'.

'|l-', or 'd- (cf. Uit .2) to the emphaticproroun:
,yen
mtu
the best person
alungil)d
dbon
dntu
e best people
a!ngilelo
rwon
the best tree
lalungile)o
'l,thi
?yona
mithi
e
best es
rfungilyo
xsh
.,lon
the
betrttime
lfugileyo
dwon
tLanzi
e
best
water
alungilelo
s8on
ritylo
plant
the
best
lilungileyo
ezona
plants
the
best
rrtylo
itilu|rgilelo
eyon
,rto / dawo
the
besf
thing
/ plce
dungilelo
ntyatyambo
cr,oit
the best flowes
"iloDgil]lr,
okon
k"tya
the best food
&alungiley,
suprlative prctrouns can be used with ny descdve to folm e
qivalent of the Enslish supeletive:
dyondll 4ul
owonmbuzo4rzima

the most difficult question

Noa:The omission of the idti vowe of the noun after a supelative

(ond a demonstrative)esuits in changeof the concordof descrprves
hdjctives andrclativet:
Ung"nntu sltrgileyo.
Oyn,rntu alungilelo

He / sheis a good person.

The vry best person

This principle also applieswiih dmonstatives.

Yigdi c'del
k gdi lntl iseKap.

lb a beautifu gden!
?ris beautifu gadeni! in
CapTown.

To express'it ir / ey arc' befoe a suprlative, prcfix the copulative

(cl. Unit 4.1):
ICyc zezlt,
at!^lo zid^l^
egadiniyeKilstenbosch.

Cycdsar the odest plnts

inKirsGnboschgdens.

t42

XHOSA- UNI 9

5 Demonsttotioes

EK]RsENBOSCH
lTFIREMSEBENZINI
tnd

tet of demonstrothtes

As is the casein English, when pointing out peopeo objects,therc are

thee sets of dmostrtivs jn )<hosacoespondl,gto 'ths' I 'rhese'a
'thltr'I 'those'a'thatowr thzrc'/ 'thoseoye th.re'.
Nons pecededby a ilerosttiv lose eir initil vowl:
Ngubni lo mntu?
Ngubni loo nntu?
Ngubani ld, rrntu?

Wo s /l,ir prson?
Whois ra, person?
Wlrois thatpeion overthere'

As usu,eachnoun classhasits coespondngforn. It is inteestingto

note rhat the form of e lst st of demonsftives 'this' / 'these'
coespondsto the relative concordsin the 'strong' casses(cf. Unit 6.2)
wilh 'r' addedin the 'weak'classes.
7st set o demonstraties

lo
le
la

mthi
mtlni
Mgq hi

tir thing
aba
eli
dst
ezi
ez
olu
ob
oku

banttr
s rrgo
ritylo
ityalo
z1lo
londolozo-mnzi
,Ltyebi
,tdondoloz mnzi

t re peoplc
this Ete
,iir plarl
,r?.?plnts
,ney thirgs
lr wter consevation
rr esource
/r sng (ol) wter

Thesedemonstrativescan be usedbefore e noun, e.g.

Zs gadi idumUe (initial vowel of the noun omifted);
alte the noun for emphsis.e.g.ldumilc igdi le (initirl vowel of the
vithout noun. e.g./-l?idumil?.

t 43

ho

f,ahi
nthi

that thrg
Not: he tul forms of the demonsaativesof these nouns are lo'o
(Cl0$es I nd 3); lelo (Classes4 a 9) and rdwo (Clss 6). They are
onally usedffer the noun for emphasis:
Yinto enomdl&ta

L is an interestinging t4

elA
esQ
eaB

thosepeople
that tim
that pl^ t
tliors plats
tloff thiqs

xsha
ryalo
iityalo

ole
hlobo
obe
ltyebi
hy
okA
(ct Aphq = thee)

th^t ood

gd set o demonstratloes
that peson ow thzrc
laa

rnthi
mithi
nphpha
daiso

thosetees owr thee

thoseppo|er thrc
that pl. over therc

Note: As is th cse with tbe 2nd set of demonsrtivesn wak

0l6sses,erc is a tul form: towd (Classes1 nd 3);r"l,a (Classes4 nd
9) nd,a1ra (Clss6). LiLe thoseof the 2nd set .hey re nomly sed
rfter th no|m for emphasis.
'Sttong'classes
abq
ban'lt
el@
s9ngo

thos pf.opl orter therc

1M

XHOSA UNI 9

es44
ea44

rityalo
rltyalo

ol44
obss
oh,aa

ll,dw
asi
kutf^

thit plzttt owr therc

those plarr owr therc
those thlngs oyer therc

IJIIFfR IMSEBNZINI
EK]RSENBOSCH

lQ How to apply it
Complete lhe qestions by fflling in e appropriate
( ) Iphi i-ofisi
NkosiLzz Bongel?
(b) Liphi isango
Rycoft?
(c) Abafundi
Peterbfik nini?
(d) Umsebenzi
Peterunomdna?
Phu inempumelelo(success)na?
{c) Intqubo

that ho'ney oyer therc

tht ood oyer therc

Note: The stong clssesof he 3d position asohve full fosr ddld

(Class2), el,),d (Class5.),srry? (Clss7), e.tld (Clsses8 ad l0). ,/,ryd
(Class11),o,)l1 (Class14) ndatu}a (Classl5). (Ci 'pharq'= over
ere).
6 Anothet

conjuncton

-'krtze'

'in otder

t 45

Give the liteal translation of this idiomatic

used to xpess 'hoping in vain'

tink

expession

to'

'Ukuze' is corjunction tht nust be follorved by a verb ending in -"

(cf. Unit 4,5 andUnit 8.2):
Gubjunctive)
Le nqubo yqhvukuze
Thjs Foject ws staed to hh
sincdiscizikolo usek iigadi. e schoolsestablishgardens.
Cole.ct kitchen waste
Qokeelinkukuna yekhjtshi
ukrze weue umgquba,
to rrk compost.

Nxele, Xhos chii is consideredto be Sou Africa's fist

'tredom frghte'. His attemp 10 dcstoy the nerv settlementof
Gmstown in 1819led to his impisonmenton Robben Islnd.
n 1820, when trying 1o escapehe drowned but nany of his
followeN did not beievelhat be wasdeadandwaitedin vain for hs

As you can seftom the tsansltions,Xhosausesthis constuctionwhere

Engish simpy usesthe infinitive. However,it is interestingto note ihi
now and again oDecomes acrossexamplesrvherethe iDfntive is used
whereone rould expectthe subjuncaive:
'Kublulekeklu qInkcnkceshel
ngendlelefneekeyo-'

Rading nd undestanding
Here is someinfomation bo]utAbalitn B.zeklnla. a conmunity,
based geeng and food gadening project. Consult e
Xhosa-Englishvocabul y list fo help in ndestandingthis extrct.
Abalimi Bezekhayayisent^ yegadi
yabantu. Lo mbutho wskw
ngo-1982. Injongo ywo (its)
kukwazisa, ul:unced nol:ucebis
abantu ngezino zone malung
nokulima - indela yokulima
nituno, indlel yokutya imitti
nemithna ngokufaneekileyo.
AbntubasC,peFlbbnokulheg
zonke izirto zegdi ngexabiso
eiphntsi kakhulu kro mbulho.
Umzekeo_
impumeeloyomsebenzilo ezigadid ezininzi.

I is very importantla wste in an appropriate

This sen.ence is tken fom Iigadi
EzinoloDom-mnzi('WatenviseCrdening'),
a boche pblished by the Depafnent of
WaterAffrs, hetoia.
The brochueand otherscan be obtained,free
of charge,from Kislenbosch,whereyou will
lso have many opportunilies to test you
knowldge of )Gosa by frying to read the
plnt infomation boads.

.*.

Ungabon

XHOSAUN]9

146

Ask where each gaden

aPPoPilalely

implemnt

is and

EKIRSENBOSCH
MSEBENZINI
IJPGTFR

answe

Complete e lnstucllons
Flll
()
(b,
(c)
(d)
(o)
()

IZIXHOBO ZEGADT:
gobozi (iin-)
isdha
ihdik! / teti
ifoloh*e
igab
inhiza(in )
ipekj

bs*ei
ke
hoe
por
pc[

isjkeE sokuena
irhrbu ldt
ikdi yo<un.dLcesela
nhltao
ikriv
inele
uruts wokchbaigca

pnning shea.s
Rating c
spadc
whlbamv
laM noBer

Uphi umrya?
lvhee's e strig?

Unalq?
Ewe, lqcl
Do you haveit? Yes,hereitisl

(a)
O)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(D
G)
(h)
(i)
O

Una-?
Ura-?
Una
Un_?
Un
Una_?
Una
Un
Una_?
U

_Jh unhkulo?
imbiza?
____trhi
_phi iftiva?
_phi iumbu lmanzi?
jsikersokuen?
-phi
---Jhi i-emele?
igaba?
_jhi
_phi ihaika?
_phi ifolokwe?
_phi unatshitri
wokuchebaingca?

Bwe,_
Ewe,_
?

Elve, Ewe,-

?
?
?
?

Malch the instructions

Use e folowing pbrases:(a) manzi,O) inkuntum yekhirshi,
(c) ingca, (d) urlab ngezinto ezigcina ukufum emabeni,
(e) inkunkumakwimigqomoyentuDl(uma (0 urrhlaba,(g) umdi and
(h) nagqb.
I

Lngis

3
4

Gquma
Cheba

2 ry^ra

5
6
7
8

Harik
Irndoloza
Qokelela
Faa

,,

,
*
*

#
t{
*'

ti
Ewe,Ewe
Ewe,
Ewe,

147

in e missingdemonstrativesto completethe mstucons:

Bk(ese things)emsqubeni.
Landa(e!cb)(rjrwbeelbanoulyl (thesetrees)elanseni.
'Iyl (rose tre9 -emthunzini.
Nkcetrtceshel(ose seedlings(izthole)ove tlee)Chb{ hedgeo\er erer-

Complt the qestlons

Fill in the missing demonstrtivesto completequestionswhich you
might ask whenwalking throughKistenbosch:
(a) Ibzwa (ca[ed) njani ntyatyambo?
(b) ubzwa njari mi?
(c) ubizwa njani mthana(shrub)?
(d) Ibz/njani heji?
(e) Sibizwanjni _
sitylo?
(l) Utizwa njni _
mful Gtream)?
(s) Ibizw nji ntka(bird)?
(h) Ibizw njni _
ndela?
Complte the inomalton
() ntytyamboidumileyo yaseMzntsiAfrika yiProtea.
(b)
heji ndala yaseKapa yatyalwa nsuvan Riebecck
ngo-160.
(c) IKirsenbosch
-

gadi idumileyo yaseMzatsiAfrika.

ndawoilungileyole yotvenza ipikiniki.

(e) Intlakohlaza
xesh lingileyo okutyeea
iKistenbosch.
(d)

(0 Ndzakunicacnela

ndleilungieyoyokuondolozs

t4a
9

XHOSA UNI 9

t0l

Use th coect verb forms

UThemba emsebenzini udliwano-ndlebe

Thembaat work -

Phumgoesto a schoolto shovie pupils how to makecomposrand

how to waterin a waterwisewy.Compelethe infonation shegives
them by fiing jn the coect verb foms. Consultrhe )flosa-English
vocbuyfor vebs you havenot yel comeacoss:
Heke, bfirndi ndiybona ukuba () beni
oave been
colectng) izinto ezininzi ul:uze siqale ukrvenza umgqub!
Masiwenzeni ke! Kuqala (b)_
Geparare)umtlb
(Put) uhlaza nokutya ol:ud nje
nsefolokwe. (c)_
emgquben.Kutuneka ezi zino (d) 'j
(de.cay).Ukba (e)
(keep) zifumile, uza kuboa ngokukhawulezaumgqba.
nirt_
Ukubol kuza (0 ku_
(te) ml.mganeeveki ezinrandarhu.
Kufimeka (s) ni',_
(water) kakle ti"q".
Ngoku ndiirna ukunibonisaindlel efanelekileyoyokutyalimbewu.
Nantsi imbewu yemituno. (h) Masili
(plant). Nanzi ibhokisi
ezincioci. (i) Z,_
(fil) ngao laba. O n_
(ptant)
imbewu ez;bhoksini ngolu hlobo (in ris way). (k) Z_
(keep)iibhokisi ngaphardleoknye izalo ziza kub burhkathaka
(weak) 0) zi_
(die). Ngoku ndifura ukudbonisa indlela
yol:unkcenkceshela
iziryalo ngokufnelekileyo.
(Remembe) bafundi. amanzi (n)_
(scrc)kahhulu eMzantsi Afria- Kufuneka sorte sisoloko (o) si
(ry) O) ukrd_
_
Gave) manzi ngahmbi
ezigdini zethu. Neoku, (q)_
(warer) ezi zithole
ngononophelo.Musani (r) uku_
(ware) amagqabi,
(wate) umba kuphela.(t)_
(be caeful)
G)_
(u) ning,?i
(dnge) izithole. (v)_
(suround)
izityo ngomgqubaukuze (w)_
(keep)uhrtuma emhabeni.
thatha
mosnj
zalseni

nkcnlceshelmi
khurb!ani
ylukarisa.i
mqabe

ntcenkeshele -fc
ugci.e
cenkccsheni

Lunkni
-ccnteha
,gcinc
-bolc
"lyaleni
,londoloza

Jikelezei
tyalen
Fani
qokelela
gcineni

an interuiew
ln thts Unit wu r/.ilt ,eant holw to.
I
I
I
I

pul n intevieweeat ea-9e

asn enployer
u8kquestions
your
educat;on.
|lk bour
ainug.previou\experience
{rk for flrnher information

lncoko
T]lcmbainterviewsn appcan(fo a position in his company.
LJThemb
UNksz Geen

U1emba
UNkszcn

UNkszcrcen
UThenb
tJNkszceen
UThemba
UNkszGen

Molo, Nkos^zCeen. Khawungenelale phntsi.

Ndiyr'uyakukubona.Kunjani?
Molo Mnmzan Tbamsanqa.Enl(osi. Hayi trphilile
r'tgphdlekokubanentakal
I{yi, nkoszana,
sukuxala!Khululeka!Lrtonkalukwzi
uusithethakahhle is Orcsa!Ndiaelele,usazelaphi?
Ndqala uusithetha ndisetrmcinci kuba baz bam
babsebenza
esibhedleleL:ufuphinhlQoboqobo.
Oo, ryasazike isixhosa esithew ngamNgqik
omgquba!*Uyakwazi nol:usibhala?
Ewe Mnumzana Thamsanqa,ndsifuDdaisixos
esikolwenikwanaseyunivesithi.
Uyak,'r'aziukuetha nezinyeinwimi?
Ewe, ndiyakw^zi ul:uthe isiBhulu nesiFentshi
kancinci kodwa ke sona.
Heke,Mosaz ana,Lawri gqab-gqabng\,rc.
Ndazalwa ngo-1969 eKpa. Abzi bam bafudukela
kuQoboqobondisemncincingoko (e anabangaphantsi,
ukususel L:u-Sb A ukuya kustd 5, ndawenza
ngakuQoboQobo.

r50

XHOSA- UNIT]O

UTHTMBA
EMSEBENZIN]
- UDUWANoNDLEBE

t 5

UThemba
Amabansaaphakamileyowawenzaphi?
UNksz Geen Esinaleni ngseMonti, iMatriki ndayiphumelela ngo1986.Emva koko ndafundelaioondo leBA e!'univesithi
ncitshiswa

bc cur bck. reducc{l

drc nmber
nee.tlobo ndobo difreFnl
jgaeo
contribution
irhb
cnmcc
ckuphelent!
at the end of

yaseRhodes, eRhii.
UThernb
waad ziphi izifundo eziyindoko?
UNksz Geen Ndaa isN gesi nesillhosa.

UThemba
UNksz
UThemba
UNksz Geen

UThemba
uNksz Green

UThemba
L.,lkszGreen
UThemba
UNksz Green
UThemba
LrNkszGreen
UThemba
UNksz Green

warrufunswa ngubninixhosa?
NgupofesMajol. Ingbuymazi?
oo, kakulu I SsifundaL:unye,el:relekele.
onjni urftshaa!wndncedaktnu. Ndazuzisidnsa
sam se-BA ngo-1989.Ndqalaukusebenzanjengotitshalakzi. Ngo-r994 ndnyusetwandabalisekela-inqununu.
Khwtsho,L:utheniutuna kutshnshumsebeDzi?
Ndinoloyiko L-uzahrncitshisw inani leetitsha.Enye
into, ndingumntu wabtu. Ndithand kkuu
uusebnzneendobo-ngeentlobo
zabtu.Yyendicing
uuba ndinganegaeo
L:wirpni ykhoHeke,Nkosazana.Wena,unayornibuzo?
Ewe, MnumzanaThmsanqa.Ucinga uuba ndinethuba
o.lwufumano msebenzi?
Ewe, ndicingau.:ubaunelhubaelilungileyo kahulul
NdingIindelaukwaziswanini ukubadiph.melele?
Siz kukwazisekuphelenikweveki ezayo.
EDlosi kakhulu.Ndiyabulela,Mnunzana.
Klungile NkosazanaGreen. Bekumnandikakhulu
ukudibananawe.Llhambekal$l e.
Karardi.MnumzanaThamsanqa.

f,How to ...
Put dn inten)euee at ease
Shhl / Khululeka, Nkosikazi (Nkoszna,Mnumzana)

Ask quesons as an employee

Watutrdaphi?
Kwrtphi istkolo?
Kweliphi iyunivesithi?
Kutheni fun ukutshintsh lrrsabenzi?
Wlndisy r8ubni?
Wqeqesh! ngubli?
Wth rztphi a,tundo njcngcztfundoc:iintloko?
U)'o tntbuzo?

lsigama
Talk obout

yout

edccttion,

h.aiing,

Ndawenz dnlzbng athantsi e_

Ndawenz anabng aphakamilel,o e

Ndaphumelelngo-] 9_
iMtii
Ndatundelaiqondo leBA ngo_
Ndaltndisy ngu_
Ndqeqesh! nerr_
Ndxzuzirialsnga smse-BA

experience

152

X H OS A
- U N IT]O

Ndsebenzanjeng_
Ndnyseba ndaba
Ndna,rav Irfindis?nt / ekthelgjseni
/ ekusabezen
ngekondpyrha

Ask lor juthet

inotmation

Uyatuzi-llrtltheth Ngesi / isrxhos / iriBhulu / zmyetjlwimi?

Uya&xtaziaLaqhub?
Unld tpheph lokuquba?
Unar irfeesi / acwadi etuncomy,. (lir. a lener praisinglrz)
Wakhe wrcn?lo nsebenzi ngaphambiti?
llakh wasebnznjeng _
ngaphamb?
Uyafuazi uh6ebw,a neekhomp]utha?

@ Horo it works

53

Nolr,j ( l) \Men the agent,i.e. 'e doer of the ction , is menrioned,r is

0$llxcd by the copulative. In these exmples 'aAr is Fefixed to tlc
{gdnl$',rprofGsa'nd'&r,qeqeshi'becuse
they blongro rhe 'r 'aod
',x,r- nouncasses
Classes1 andla.
) cl . Uni 4.1 for the copulativesof the orherDounclasses.
Notc: (2) As is the csein the activevoice,ee is no 1y-'when norher
wordbllowstheve$ (ci Unit 2.2).
Notonorthy eoturcs

o the p.tssiue

Someves which are lways used in the pssiveinclde:

ukukholw
to be tired
to be thisg,

Ndidinl4e.
Ndirxani_le.

Ndidinlqe kahulu.
Ndirx4{e kathulu.

I o Unit 7,3 long andshort form of e ecent pst tense' -ile' l' -e'.
SomeexFessionsincorporatingthe passive are virtually untansatable
inroEnglish,e.g.:

7 The passioe
The pssivevoice is a gammticalterm lhat meansexactly qTharit says
- someng is done to somebody o someing without necessaity
mentioningwho is pefoming the action.The pssivefom is usedmorc
extensvelyin everyday)<hosaspehthan it is in English.
Uyatundis.
He / sheteches(active)
Uyaffrndisys.
He / sheis bitrg tught. (passive)
UyaqqGsha.
He / sheis lriniDg.
(ctiv)
Uyaqeqeshl!.
He / sheis being trained. (pssive)
As you can see,the pssiveis fomed simply by fusetig .-,-'befoe
the fil -a (cf. verbaexlnsionsUrit 4,:
Uprcfesufrrndis
abatund.
Abafundbafundisl4a
4g,rpofesa.
Umqeqeshiuqeqesha
abatundi.
Abatundi baqeqeshlsa
zgrmqeqeshi.

UDIWANO.NDLEBE
UIIIIMRAEMSEBENZINI

The professois teaching (acrive)

The studentsare taught (pssive)
bi the pofessor
The tainer is taining
(acrive)
The apprenicesa being (pssiye)
trained hy the Eaine.

Kuyanxanwa
Gnxanwa= be irsry)
Kuyagodkwa*
Ggoduka= go home)
rHoweve, it is intercsting to note tht this constuctionexists n some
otheranguges,
e.g.Gernan.
'-1r-' can alsobe usedin combinarionwith otherverbal exrensions:
Ndarrsdl]!.

I was pomoted.
(it- I was mde to go up/ar)

Kuya kuthethl4.znangomvuzo.

Slary is ngotibl.
(lit. It will be tlkd abourwtb
a(h other abo\ttthe slay.,

'flrc infinitive folm of the passiveis o1enusedin noticesof estriction,

rc8tint or forbiddnce:
Nn enlq
A/rgI!]{
,4tshyEa
,ly'asmoking
,4t rmisv
,Vostopping
t?lpky
,Voprkig
&rhlaly engceni No sittig on de grss
,4kltyil4a elyibhi No eting in the ibry

\ir. ,,r ro he enrered)

(i1-rmr to be snokcd)
(it. nor to be stopped)
(lit. 4ot to be parked)
(lit.
to be sealod)
(ljt. 'rot
rcr to be eaton)

154

XHOSA- UNIT]O

The p$sive form is rcflectedin somecornmon nous:

beoved(lit. the loved one)
employee0it. hired one)
ll,phathisra

'to intrvierv'(lit. to t ach

othr's es)

< ukudln ,:'debe

Note: Consonnt verbs ol on syllable, e.g. -dla > alliwa; -tya > -tyir
(be eaten)and vorl vbs of two syllbles, e.g. -enziwa= (beendone,
etc-)hveonly on or iespectiveof whetherthey are followed by an
gento anolherwod.
The pssivefom is asoreflecied in my pmper mesi
uBlelwa

(the
(he
(he
(the
(lhe
(the
(e
(the
(the
(the
(the

uxolisrva
uzolisa
uBongive
Lindiwe
ul-iziwe
uSiphive
uSindire
rThndiwe

one who is anLed for)

one who has been ejoiced for)
on who has been made to be joyfu)
one who has been mde o be cn)
one who has caned)
ore praise hs been given for)
one who has been waied for)
one
has been siven s gift)
'vho
one who has been given s girt)
one wlo has tanscended)
one who is oved)

Solnefrequentlyusedidiomtic expiessionswi e pssivincludc:

Uphere Jtntoni?
Ukhathaz$aJintoni?
Ndiphelelwe
/tthemb.
Nd;pheielwe
rtg"nsebnziNdibonrda
Jtntoni?

\4'lt's wrong wi you?

(lit. You e uld J wht?)
What's got into you?
I've iosl hope.(Lit.deprivedo,
How Icky cnI bc?
(lit. tJ rhat m I seen?)

Nny idioms (r.aci) and povrbs (.1' rqhlo) incorpore thc p{sive:
Indloyu afisindvl
vaya.

ngonboko

No one ever finds his nrual

responsibiiies too brdensome.
(it. The elephnt is nol weighed
down by is lrunk-)

i)II.]EMBA
MSEBENZINI
- UDUWANONDIEBE

t 55

lhl$ kl;om codwell be saidwhcn conmiseatingwith someonewlr)

'h il s lo1on eir shoulders'.
Inyath b .va lwabaphamrilt. Fom dle hone's mouth. (1i1.Thc
butralois sked(amongre) rnst.)
wedt)a nqumlu
IJkuzaIN,
r/.t ratuL

Onemusthvelamily / kinip
(liL To bebom aloneis o be a
stripofreat.)

'l'hs lstconceptis illustratedby SindiweMagonain an errcerptfrom her

utobiogphyToM]'' Ciklrcnt Childrcnl
'The intricatewaysin which reltionips ae dawn anong us make
it lmostimpossiblefo an individual to be destitutein lhe senseof
havingconnetions\tith no ing soul. One could, conceivby,b
minus parent, or issue: have neither spousenor sibling; bt to b
lone,wi no rclative, no on to carefor or to lean on, is virtually
unheardof except in the very rre case of an individua of such
unbeblend odiousdispositionat no one can stadhim or her
or be movedto pity at the pigbt of such one.'
-r Seeclturl bckground.
Someeuphemisticidiomatic expressionsmean 'to be burid':

uL:ufrhlr
ukugodusw

Iit. to be hdden
lit. to be taksr home
it. to be takn (to the fathers,i.e. ancestors)

When '-wr occurs with e fo[owing consonants and consonant

combintionscertain phonedc chngestake place. This is to fciitte
pronunciation:
'to bury'= ukungcwsa> ukutrgcwr4= to be buid
Someverbs ftequently usd which in the passivendergo this sound
changee:
be finished
b>tr
-gqi4v
-gqia
-se4zisY be sd
-senzisa
j
bh>
-bhujlv
-bhuLel
0. be died fo)
be
found
> r)
-fu4}ny
-fu!4
''l
lit.
be gone out:
-phu4]va
-phr!4
kuphuar pha 'exit'

l5
mh> nj

X H OS A
- U N IT]O
ha!1lba

-haIa

lit. be gone:
kuhqt ngoku
berenembered
be taken out

-khur!ula
-khu4.lullla
ph > tsh -k\ttpha
-khu&tya
Note: This sound change lso occurs in loctives (cf. Unit 4.8 and
Uit 6.7):
hlobo > ehLttleni
The srme soundcharge occurs\vith diminutive folms which sufx -an.
Look at the map of Khsenbosch in Unit 9 where you will find
trizia (pool) > rrtzi4r (smll pool)
tchia (pond) > tchi4tr (small pord)
2 Hon to expt'ess 'alone'
'exclusoe' = '-odwa'

/ 'b9 itsetf'

/ 'special'

Ndindedw/ Ndidodwa eklaya. I m lone at home.

Sisedw/ Sisodwekhaya.
We re aone at home,
Ae you alone at (your) home?
Ae yon lone at (your) hone?

ln e 3rd person, -odra'is precededby the consonntassociatedwirh

the noun to which i efes. exceDtfor Clss 1:
Bodwa aantwn ekhaya.

He / sheis lone t his / her home.

The childen re slone at home.

' odya' can lsobe usedas a descriptive(elative) in which caseit means

'speciI.xclusiye' nds thercfoeprefixed by e eltive concord:
Lmseben/;
intrsebetrzi
tyez
ama\lngelo
irizathu
i.z thtr
l,'Jongo
aalliwno-uaUbe
chule

elilodwa
r,odrYa
ezizodwa

obbDdwa
okubw^

157

16lr nbor: In the cseof nonsFefixing'r,1- (Cass3) the associa{cd

rflrfnfur is , ' nd in the case of nouns prefinng 'ini-' | ' | 'in: /
'r,r 'lhc Issociatedconsonantis'),rNohr No concodin Class6 (dnd-): a4dxhos odw, bu -w- is infixed
hiwccn a relative oncod nd 'od'': llr44lurgelo l,nodwa.

t The use o/'ukuba' ='to be'

,n the lnfl'itine
uLlrD4Jethmtrsnq.
We l ke r, D tucry.
Sonkcsithand
(tt. we all like to De-qilh luck.)
,n ,he luturc

FIom the foms that fo[ow yo cn setht for the ] st and 2DdpesoDs
'-dw'or '-odw'maybe used:

NDedw/ Nnrodw kowenu?

UDIIWANO-NDtEB
t]IIIIMBAA4SEBENZIN

a s?ecial activity
special activities
special medicine
exclsiverights
specil reason
specireasons
specil pulPose
specil skills
specil food

Uz kubgJgrhubel,lungilelo.

You vill have a good chnce.

0it. Yor will be with
a goodchance.)

ln the remoE post

Ndabeleansarqa.

I ws lcky.
(Lit. I vsr_s!!h ck.)

ln the sublurrctio?Ndinqwenelub ndibg

Dglnamsqa.
Ndinqweneuub D9
[9rnamsarqa.
Ube 4cthamsaqa!

I wish that vrg hcb.

(lir. I wish that I be \dtth luck.)
I wish at he/shelcls lucky.
(t. I wish at hj/she
b wiih luck.)
cood lckl (lit. Yoube with luck!)

Note: In the 3rd peson sitrgua, 'he'/ 'she', e subject concod

.hngesfrom '!-' to 'ar GeeExeis 6 of is Unit). Tbis also occurs
withhgr ='cn'/'may'i
ADgsndifowunelngokulw.
(e seeUnit 11)

Eqa!! phoneme is evening.

,n the imperutioe (instructons)

)t!q-!camsaDqaI

Goodluckl (lit- 89 rith uckl)

t5 E

XHOSA- UNIT]O

Not: If a desciptivefollows 'ul(uba' = 'to be' it is ot precededby a

Ndiythembuub uz kubg bheele kamsiny.
W1en locarivefollou/s 'uL:uba',he ocativepefixes 's-':
Ndisenokubqemsebenzini

I could s be t wok

Cultural background

To quotehofessor SC Satyo (grara NoncwadiLwesDosa ibngae 9

ele 10, p. 215) 'Atulula ul:uba utunane udos eyigqba itetho
yakheengakangeasebenzise
isci'. (i..It is not esyto find a Xhosa
personmishing his / her speechwithout using n idioln..i
This wsvividly illustratedin a speechby DeputyPresidenMbek on his
budgetvole whenhe sad. 'Ukuthunde. ubhiro.' {To try to do sruch as
possblewith limited resources.)
(1i. o gendy co'r ong the most
cmaciatedox in oder to eke ou e last tte ese/efon il.

fl How to apply it
The Englishequivlentsare: (a) No Lttering,(b) Silence,(c) No
DossAowednd(d) No SwimningAIlowed.

Auvunyewaxkngenanezinjphl
Autheth\\,a
Atuvunyewukuqubh!
Akrngcoliswa

What is the liteal meaning of the idioms and provebs

(a) IntLna trive rinjo.
Thngs have gone wong
Lir-:
(bl

Unhlaba ubetht'e lildnsa.

Lir.:

Abtl,uwaubgetve y"takd

The chiden aJefrighlened.

ltll Krhrntwansesko.

ICs doneccordingto custom.

Li 1.:
\c) I nlo Japhelelwa li^esha.

This is old fashioned.

Lir.:
ll:) Ubunxuubesizba(deeppool in dver)
Look beforeyou epl
h vit a n7odondoloGt]'ck l
Glve the English quivalent o newspapet / masazln,e
columns
Okuxelwaiinkwentwezi twt is told by the stas)Abakunjwayo oho are remembered)
Readtng, undrstanding nd answerlng questiors
ReadtheconvestionbetweenThembandMary at work andanswer
the questionstht fo[ow:
UThemba Moo \44ry.uphilnianinlanle':
Ewe Themba.Sikona $r'en?
UMry
Uhernba Hyi, nam ndisphilangaphndlekomsebeDzi.Knene'
uzifihle phi? (Wherc haw you hidden voursef?)
Andikubonangaixeshaelide.
Bendineknefuelinnn 1 had a nice holi.t) nosap]l'o
UMarv
Ndixelele ngekhetulaklrc' Msive ekhefi
UThembaUnethmsanqa!

Maich th public signs

2
3
4

l(l

t 59

Li t.i

Quoting idioms and pmvrbs in )ftos is quirtessentialnd much

fvouredlvay of epitomising a situationto ive home a point. Thy e
often dawn fron animal life or relatedto fables (it udn see Unit 16)
andtheir meaningmay be vadedto st the occsionbut the pplicatjon
to a specific situationis rarely in doubt.

I,IIIITMIIAIMSEBENZNI'UDTIWANONDIEBE

The soil is very dy.

siphungeKulungite. Aditalifumni esha lohrphung. 1 lr'

not yClfoun the nne) Masiye ke.
UThembUnjani umsebenzi waklo? Usawuvuye?Kanene
nluselwe, ndiyavuyisananawel Usebenzile!
UMary Enkosi, kodwa kunzima ngmanyeamaxesha.Linqabile
ixesha.Ndisoloko ndixaekile.
UThembNdim lowo rdfl ,Ere). Lnjani uspho?
LlMary Sonkesiphitie. Banjai bntwananentosilazi yaklo?
UThembaBasphilanabo-Yho! Jongaixesha! Mandikhawlezise
(Iat ne hw,l okanye ndiza l$phoswa yindngniso.
(Iit. I iI be nissed b the meetinq.)

UMary

to

XHOSA UN] IO

Ewe, kfunek nm dihmbe. Sobbini sishiywe

ixesha.
UThemb Bekumndiuphunganwe.Sobonankwona.
Kuungile. Sebenzakuhle. UndibuliselekuThndi
tMay
naDanwna.
UThemba Enkosi-llb nempe-vekiernandilJMy

()
(b)
(c)
(d)
()
5

UThenbnoMy bncokolphi?
Baphilnjrni?
Bya phi uL-uzebancokolekancinci?
UThembuvryisnanoMr} Ktheni?
UThenb uzaL:uyphi?

Thee peopedescribwht thei wok enis-They ae:

a chef (cook)
(b) a joumalist
(c) a eceptionst i hote

Kuqol ndasebeozakwikhirshi enampani eltulu, kodwr D8(,krl

ldlcbcnzaehotele eDlu]. Ndlungisa imenyu. Ndi odola rkulyrl
bsekhishid.NdiDomdlaebnlwini
ndiphtle abasebenzi
ndiqcqeshe
rldilckulungisenizidlo. Ndithand ukusebenzkwindawo enondh,
todwa into endirgayiandiyo ngmnye maxeshakusebenzn
llyufc ezininzineeshifti.Ezo zinto zindenzandiive ndicinezelekie.
.odok
ordc
na
lNiJlo(izi-)
l o cndiB4/ithandiyo +ht I do ro like

Who's uho?
umpheki
intathei
ieceptionist yehoteli

t t

NDIEBE
- UDUWANO
UTIjIMB{EMSEBENZIN

jiyu
en ztnt
cinezcekie

rhoscthinas
hc stessed

Ndi
Ndithandukudbananabntunokthethnbo nokubaphulaphuNdiandkubhalaananqakungabntunngezintoezenzekaimihl
gemibt. Ndenzuphandoryeba am ndilbhale kwiHrcnpyuth
veki.
ym. Ndisebenzyonte imihla iiyure ezininzL:wanangempela

Match thejob descriptionwith thejob:

1

Ininzi into ekutunekandiyeDze!Mandnchazelengonsebenzwm.

Ndisebenz eFmnt-Office. Ndamkel indwendwe x zifita
ndizibonise idlela eziz kuhll ngyo ehotele. Ndisebnz
noosonashishini beli lzwe nabanye mzwe ngokunjao
nbkhenkethi. Lo msebenzi unobunzim gqith ngamnye
maxesh.Abye abryeleli bathl^za kku, kuftnek ukuba
ndizisombulu kwy zorike izikhzo. Abnye bafuna ukwazi
iindwo ezithandwangabhenkethj, imeko yelizwe njao, njalo.
Kufneka ukuba ndibanike iingcombolo ezichaekileyo.
Ndisenokub semsebenzini xa abanye abantu belele oknye
chaala
ndwendwe(iin )
sonbulla
kwye
isikhaluo (i?i )

Ndi

explain (to)
guest
solle
d
conpiats

ineto (')
g@nbolo (iin,
chdekjleyo
*e... belele

tuation
infontion
prse
shen... m
asleep

-pbulaphula
uPhmdo

listen

inqaku (m )

icle

Ndi

Read and undstad

With the help of the vocabularyyo shouldbe able to undestnde
following advrisemenrs(iaziso):
KUFANWANONTILO-NTLE
6)
Unbutho wenuufuna inkonzoyomntuo.o deleloyo
nzimdek khuseeniabantwana.
onokusebenza
Itino ezifu ekdlo karye ngmavd ekgcineni abantu'ma,
iphepha lokqh bd oktleaz uhtthetha isixhoss.
Ukkwaziakihetha nesNcesi nesiBhulukakuhle
KuJ,akuthethwanangmr zo nSokwmava awo omsebenzi
Utkmele iCV neeree,es ezintathuzabantu
nubu.w Nai loltu t|ctinokuqhasamshelana
Umhl i'okuyala isicelo ngu-.
unsebenziku-

162

XHOSA- UN]T]O
mbltho (ini )
inob
zodelelayo
url
lJl$la

orgistim
snie
edgetic
sendto
prctect

umw4(ini
)
qhagashel.na!
mhla Nokuv
sicelo

salary
conrcr
coslned1e
ppction

Note: The non-aDglisisdexpessionfor ''efeensi':

incrvadi e4!incomalo = ete t pises/r?, i.e- !4lrfenc
incwdi e&4ncmalo = Iette that plaisesJo4 i.e. ye!! elerence
(b)

KUFUNWAIRECEPTIONIST/UNOBHALA
I awo nkulebLlekleroethengsaikhandzinoto ifuna
irct:epto st/ unobhalaokhuthel4'o.
Kufun.tu uncelinsebeni abe* nobuchuleobuatulelaJo:
. bokBebenzaneekhonprutha
. bokubhalanolahunela iincwad zetJla
, bol: bhaa noktsabelazonkeiincvldi
. bokuthethanabau
. bokwaziuktthetha sixhosa esiNgesinesBhulu.
Kuunekakanjalo abe* aava ekusbenzenjengercceptionst.
Umseb.nzi unzPkeL ngulo:
. ulorsabelaifowun nenibuzo
. akvankela abawlel
. utubhala nokuthunela incwaAi
, alaqcina zonkeizinto zokubhala,utnaphepha
. ahrlunsselelaiintlanganso
Thutnelangefak CV neercerensiezintathuubantu
esinokuqhaeansheanq
nabo klt

klrutleyo
lkabe* na
lbuchule
nncwadi rctyala

dign
shenusthave
shllG)

umveli
izinto zotubhala
nanrEbeph

visiloi
31arion,1

r3

EMSEBENZINI.
UTHEMBA
UDUWANGNDLEBE
7

Translate the expesslons lhal chaaclerlse

(a)
O)
(c)
(d)

mntu olungileyo
unntu ombi
uDntuonomdla
uDntuonesibin

(f) umntu ozondelelayo

(g)
(h)
(i)

0)

(k) umtu ozolileyo

(t) umu okufheeyo
(m) umntu odumieyo
mntu oxakekileyo

people

NDINGATHEHA
NOMNUMZANA
HAMSANAA?

t rl

Ndingathetha noMnumzana
Thamsanqa?
MayI speakto Mr Thamsanqa?

In this Unit you tnitl ledtn hot to.:

I cornmunicateon the telephone
I mae arangementsto meet,ircluding place ard time

Incoko
E
ET

PetephonesThembato makearargemenlsto neet at e cricket.

UPete

Hello, rdingathetha noMnumzana Thamsanqa? Ingba

uthona?
UNobhala Ndingabuzaukubangubaiofuna ukuthethanaye?
UPete
Ewe, nguPeterMuay lo uthethayo.
llNobhala Khawubambe njalo, Mnumzana Muray. Ndiza kubona
ukubaukhonan phyae-ofisini ya.lche.
UPete
Kulungile.
UNobhala Mnumzana Mura ndilusizi, uM umzana Thamsanqa
atakho okuangok.Usaphumile.
tlPeter
Uyzi u&ubauza krfika nini n?
UNobhla Ndilusizi, khansearsho.Unsathandauhshiya umyalezo?
UPeter
Ewe, uze unxeleleuhba ndituna ukuqhakamshelna
naye
yansomso.Mhlawunbiansandiowunela
malunganeqakamba
ekhayansokublwa.
UNobhal Kulunsile Mnumzana Mury. Ndiza L:unxelela. Ngubani
inombolo yefowuni yako?
UPeter
Ngu 531-3767.
UNobhala Kunsile,MnunzanMuy.
UPeter
Nyabela. Bye.
uNobhal Bye, MnumznMry.
fhenba retunl, Peters ca that evening.Davd anwrs thephone.
llDavid

Dad Munay speaking.

t5

UThemb Hello, Dvid. Kunjni, lnfoDdi?

UDavid
Oo, moo MnumzanaThamsanqa.Ndiphiile, enkosi.Wena?
UThenba Hayi, skona. Ingbautataukhona?
UDavid
Ewe. Yima kncinci. Ndiz kumbiza.
After erchanqng pleasonteres, Peer and Ihembd continue their
UThemba Molo Petr NguThembakweli cl. Enkosi ngokufowuna.
Ngeshwbendisendanganisweni
iini yoe ! Ndi*utunene
umyazowakho sekublwileUPeter
Ayinnsebenziloo nto. Nyazi ul:ubuxekie!
UThemba Sizkudibanangabaniixeshangomso?
UPete
Kunjni ngo 9.30?
UThemba Kuungile.Phi?
UPete
Phambikwesangoelilu.
UThemb Kulungie, siza hrba lapho ngo-9-30.Sobonana!
UPeter
Sobonara!
Thenext tu)mine'Ihandi phonesJennr.
UJe y
UThandi
UJeDny
UTlandi
UJeny
UThndi

UJenny

UThandi
UJenny

Helol
Helo, ndingthethanoNkosikaziMuray?
Molo Thandi,ndim!
Oo uxolo siandwa sam, k1ngendilichane iliz lklol
Unantonina?
Awu, ndinon*luhlne kncinci phofu!
Oo, ndiluzisi. NL:uforrunel kuba rDna noThemba siya
kwirest)'u ertsha yezliwaNtu gokullwa ngoMgqibelo.
Situna ukunime wena noPeter.Ningeza? Ucinga uhba
uzaL:ubaselebhe.ee?
Oo, ingande loo nto. Benditundngalooresu kwiphephandabaryempela-vekiephelieyo.Ndatshondar,rr' i.lr*cwe!
Ul:utya kwyo kwndikumbrzaubuntwaDabam. Sasiztya
zonte ezo zinto zkwNtuefana!
Heke, mndikunde uze sidibane noPete noThemb
erest)'uemvakomdoweqkamba.
Ungabaundincedie,sithandwa.Sobonana!

XHOSA- UNI I I

166

NDINGATHETHA
NOMNUMZANATHMSANAA?

! Horo to ...

Isigma

Cotnmunicate on the telephone uhen you are

mafting e call
qhamshcld Mmlunga.'
ngokhlw
inonbolo
tel cala
bendisendeseiswni
sekuHvjt

Cerlnrouch$nh
aboul
i e evedrc
nnbe
on this side
I was at a etng
aldy erding

N81r _
N$r_
bendifunda
n laru. .i"ke
kbuba
ubursana
ln

otheth]]d.
kw cl.

Ndnglhethno-uztra _,
nceda.
Ndicela ukutheth oMnumzn
Oo, dolo, khge ntchng ilizwi lakhol
[]khon rMnrzn _?
lfthor r.Nko6ikzi
Ur indelq rii?
Uogaffed ulialg kwi-ofisi kaMnuturn _
Ndingaw6hiy !/nyalezo?
Ndiz klmfovtrel kwkhoDa.

Communicdte on the telephone ohen you ate

onsroerino the call

SHOCKPorliomitwos
4nt leoledro o sceneseldom
*en in Cop
CUTTURE
own whn lh MosizokhCuhu.olGoup o LodyGley in the oslemCope,
rsplenddt
in thnhodilionolds, looko r,!rof $ lgklotue.
B i{eposrorol
illosion
wosrudelysholeredwhnthi3lodyt clllophonercng.
CopTmd 8/5/l99. Pho:BennyG@)
Courtsy

Ndithetha |rbai?
Ndingabuz,r8rbni rthef halo?
Ndingarnaelltgubni ofuD ukutheths n}??
KhwubmbsDjalo.
Iima kancirci. ndiz kurrbizaIma kancinci, ndiza kul.hangela ukubukhon naNdilusizi d*dkho okwagoku.
Ulaphm;le.
Usrtlanganiswe,t.
Uxakekir, komrye nnxeba. Ugathnd ul:ubamba?
Ndingalhafha nyalezo?
Uklona l,nyilezo?
UngarrshiF nyrlezo?

Itlake orongements

to ,neet

Siza hrdibsn Dgbdirxsh?Phi?

KuqhDi Dgo-g?
Ndiza kudib cre phmbi kwesango
Ndiza ktdibDare phambikweest,r."rrlhlu.

167

I8

XHOSA- UNI I I

2 Copulatiues

Ndiz ku,t landa ngo-7.

Uze uncedeulikg ngexshaUngafki emvkwexsh!

nnin
sith
nsr
nini

Some diomt ret.l,td to ,ire

tt's late.
Ixetho lixho!bwe l< ahopbo)yinia.
the
dog.)
iime
hos
been
lqpped
up
by
{lil.
xa kumpondo ,(|nkonto
very eorly in the moming
horns
of
the
conle
ore
{lit.whene
iustviblel
xo lbonlu b(,hl
in lh oly vening/lwilight
i.. blmishs
o lssobvious!)
{lit.en peopleore beoutitul,
in y vning/ dusk
ngotweniyvndtq
(lir.ot e fimeor robbitscomouto ir worcnsl

Ak uhethet gou moy use aomeone' phone

Ndingasebendstford yalo, /kosikrzi / MDumzn?

Ask uhete the nedrest publ c phone is

lphi doui ka\yonk-wonkekuftrtshme?

Ask to borrorlo o telephone ditectory

Ndifrttra mombolo. Ndingabolkdircctory yako yefo/uni?

@ Horo it works
I

ltlore expressions incorpotqttng'ng:

(copulothrc)

'It;t wo lro'... ? = 'NSubani,- ...'?:

Ngubad qthethalo?
Nrhni 4[una kuthethtr]??
NguPeterMmy alhethyd?
'Ngubni' wi othe expressions,trnslting'Wht ?:
Xjubani ,kesha?
Nsubni igam lako?
N$bni ifni yalo?

What ir the tim?

What rir your ?
'WIrt is you surnm?

r9

NOMNUMZAN
THAMSANOA?
NDINCATHEHA

toith etnphdtic

kisne
Lis r
Itir ll"" G.)
It ts Jo, (p.)

ngure
ngbo
nsuwo
ytlo

ptohouns
(ul,cis')
(abncedisi)
(u'l,seheD,;,
('fowuni)

ltis
Its
Iis
It ir

hinl her
then
it
it. etc.

3 lkhona' = 'there' (be present)

Lie 'pha'/ 'pho' = 'herr'/ 'lhere' (ci Unit 5J, 'ihora'can be used
UsebeDzakhona.
Sizakuba khoDa ngo-9.30.

Sheworks ther/t th. plce.

W'l be thee t 9.30.

It can asob usedwith subject corcord:

Ulhori

4hembs?

Bwe,ukhonalkhonaifo\runi?
Bwq ikhona.
Lkhona,siba?
Bv,/e,lukhon.
Ilhona ipsile?
Ewq ilhona.

Is Thmbathe?
Yes,he (is) therc.
Is there a phone?
Yes,r (is) thee.
Is ther a peD?
Yes,it (is) ther.
Is therc a pencil?
Yes,it (is) lhe.

Kukho iphepha?
Ewe, kkho iphephaelfileni.

Is therepaper?

Kukho imiyalezo?
Ewe, hrlho imiylezo.

Ae lhere ressages?
Yes,the ae messges.

Yes,lherc is pape on the tabe.

In the negtive'-khon&' > '-kho' :

llkhona Themba?
llkhon rffebenzi?
Ikhona ifowDi?
Ikhon rpesile?
Lkhon rcib.?

Hayi, dftdko.
Hayi, alrkho.
Hayi, ryikho.
Hayi, ryiHro.
Hayl alukho.

170

XHOS- UNIT] ]

4 Prepsitions

lollowed

by 'kwa.

The foowng Fepositions are usedtreforenor.nsexpressingpace,m

emvs kwbehind
afte
mv kvsngoemvakwemini
emv komthi emv komdlalo
gpha ll kwaoutside
ngphsnillel:weresqlr

besides
ngaphandlekokuerhisixhos,
uetha nesisurhu

phmbi kwin foni

phambi kwerestyu

phambi kwesidlo

phakathi kw(bt note phkthi bhokisai

t'etween
phkthi komleko
= iDsidere box)

unde

phntsikw(1'utnotetlala phatrtsi!

phantsi kwetafile

= Sit dow!)

phezutwaon topof
phzukwkhabhathini

(but noteJongaphezulU!
= Lookp!)

Note: 'phDtsi kwar and 'phezu kwsrae alsousedin compaatives:

kesha linqbeDgaphezukwenli. Time is morc sccthsn money.
Ndinemali ngaphasi kweyatho! I havelessmoney0ran you!
Also followed by 'krva. : 'eckni kwr = 'dr the side of.

t7l

NOMNUMZANA
HAMSANAA?
NDINGATHETHA

6 Numetols
You Ie lreadyfamili ruith the umealsl-{ (cf. Unit 6,2):
LmDtWnA omnye
aba,ntvn abahir
aantwn adthathu
abona'n abone
aantwr aahlnu
adntwnarathdthu

icwad
irrcwadi
iincwadi
iircwedi
irrcwadi
iincwili

qye
ezit4bin;*
ezilllattlJt
ezw
zr'zltlan
Z,4!ndath

The soud changes causedby 'n' in the adjctivl corcord 'e.i4'-:

*b nrfluences
a preceding'n': u+ b > !qb, !+ l> 4, q+b > 1,
Il+n>!,
Numes 6-10 are nors (not djectivalstemsike l-):
drdtixherxe 7 (lit. which are 7)
ljrxhenxe:
aban an
iribhozo:
dr.rntwn
ar!;bhozo 8 (lt. which are 8)
,lhob:
ttlidnh{s
abalithob
9 (it. which re 9)
,shumi:
danhvn
ardlishumi l0 (lit. which e 10)
Numerls fmm 11 owrds re moe complex thn then Englsh
e4uivalents,but luckily for lerners,even Xhosa speesoften use e
Enslish numenls above10.
You misht lie to kow:
;khulu (dne)

100
1,000
1,000,000

isigi

Can you work out what 'sozigidi' (oo-) means?

Ordiml numbers 1-10:
-olar.$l^
isibini
iritbathu
irrhe
trihlanu

u tr.rw \ wokuqal^
&nntrana uribini
rmtwana
-4ihathu
'nntw|ra }'z,rin
/rntwara l'e.ihlnu

rrr'thandathu
,rr'xherxe

rmrt! raresithandath
,/rntwa||ar?,tinxe

iribhozo
,rithoba
irtshmi

rrnt\nan }l,eJibhozo
mntwatralrerr'thoba
mntrrratralreJ.shumi

1st
3d
4th
5
6th
7th
8th
9th
lOlh

t72

XHOSA- UN] ] ]

Nmrals in xpssiom of time

NDINGAHETHA
NOMNUMZANA
THAMSANQA?

7 '-tri?' = 'rthot',

Expressinge time in Xhos is difficult. Even )os mother tongle

speakeso1en exFess the time in English. Espeially in informal
conversarion.However,e time is awaysgiven in )osa on e radio,
esDeciIvt newstime.
Ngsbtri riesha?
Lii txsh?

oit. Who is e tie?)

(lit It sayswht thetim?)

Ng\t-ll2l3l4l5

It's 1 / 2 | 3 | 4 / 5 o'clock.

shotened ofln o'loi?'

Whenthe shoeredfolm of 'ntoni?' = '-ni?' is usdit mslbe suffixed
Ufuna ntoni?
Ufunani?
Wenzantoi?
Wenzani?

When it comesto exFessingthe time oe an on the hour the English

follns arc used,even in more folm situtions,for example'Ikota past
6'is mrcheasierandqcke to saythn: 'fimuz er,shumilmantlnu
emvkwersimbi yerrlhandafhu' 0it. It is minules which are tr'n which
have ffve afte the bl of six); simirly 'Ngehaf past 2' is much easier
andqcker to saythan 'Ngclaemvakwersimbi yestbii' (it. t past
the side after e b of tro).

6 Exprescions such ds'iestlu

Vgzakwltu'

Thee e nny expressionslike this in Xhosa,i.e. incorpotinga double

possessive,for example'ist),u yezakwaNtu', e fult form of wbich is
iesryu yg + izinlo + @ + kwaNlu = iresBr fezinto ZakwaNtu
(a resturntof things of tradition). However is full forn is contacted
to resryuya + 'i' of izinto + z + L:waNtu= iestlu yezwaNtu.
Here ae someothe examplesyou ray comecoss:
Uneli weznidalo
Umei wezopoitiko
Umcebisiwezomlhetho
UmphlhiswweBngaphandle
Umphthiswwezenfundo
Umphthiswawezolimo
Abimi bzekhay

Lithini ixesh?
Kwenzekeni?/ Bekutheni?
Uthei na wena?
Ndinsathd?

t what lime?
Atll2l3/415o'clock.

Ngentsimbi yotrqla / yeribini / At the ffst / second/

yeriththu / yertn / yer;hlnu. thid / fourth / fifth bell.

sportsedito
political editor
lesal advisor
ministe of forign ffain
minste of edction
ministe of grictture

\|at
What
What
What

do yo wnt?
do you want?
e you doing?
re you doing?

Note With e veb '-thi' = 'say' only e shoenedfon is usedas cn

be seenin the fo[owins idiomtic exFessions:

(1i1.It3 the fist / second/

fi,lisimbi yo,tqaa / yerrbini /
yer,'ththu / ye.r;ne/ yehlnu. third / fourth / ffh be)

Ngcbnitxesh?
Neo-l/ 213 1415.

173

Wht is e tine?
Wh hppened?
Whal's matter qrilh you?
How do I go aboutthis?

Q How to apply it
I

Answer the qestions

(a) UThembulhon?
(b) Uza kuba khorango-4?

Hayi,
Hayi,
Uza kubuy kamsinya?
Hayi,
(d) UPeteruse-ofisitri?
Huyl, -,
Ukhonaumyalezo?
Huyi,
(0 I*hon ifowu kawoD&e- Hyi,
lli oDte ekrtshane?

nmhlnje.
-ekhaya.

Complete e dialoge
Hello, (a)

o)

(canI speak)noM,Jl'zanarhansnq?
(/,,, rrrrJ) uxakekile komnye umueba.

Khawubmbenjalo.
Aer someninutes.
UMnu msanqa (c) ukubamba oknye ungathanda(d)
nessage)'!
Ewe,(e)
phone hin asain in the afremoon).
Enkosi. Kannandi.

(s sti

bttyr. Ungathanda

(tell hm ttut I wU rt to

XHOsA- UNITI]

174

NDINGHEHA
NOMNUMZANA
HAMSANOA?

Give the dialogue a ttde

UDvid
Ilizwi
uDavid
Iizwi
UDavid
Ilizwi
LlDavid

Hullo, nguDad kweli cl. Ndingththanovuyo?

Bh, uvuyo? Atrklo Vuyo ph.Utun eyiphi inombolo?
Ndifuna i-6334253.
Hayi,ndusizi,longu-6334352.
Khaxuphinde.Yintoni inombolo yefowuni ykho?
Ngu-633-4352.
Owu, uxolo, yinombolo ewrongo.

Read, nderstand nd n$r

rthe questions

See how wel you have undentood e dilogue by answedngthe

questionsthat follow:
Bodle js lookingor aJobdunDBe bolidys.
UMncedisi Molo. kukwaBizo's Takeaway.Ndingalonceda?
uBongie Ngabandinganirmana uNksk. Bizo?
UMncedisi Akakho. Usaphumileokwngoku.Ungashiyaumyalezo?
UBongile Kungile. Ndive ukub funa umntr oza hrncedisa
kwishishi lakle. Ndifuna ukwenzisiclo. [Jbuyani?
UMncdisi Andiqinisekng.
UBongile Ndingphdandifowunenini?
LMncedisiZamaul:uowm ngentsimbiyesidndau. Khawushiye
igamalako nenomboo.
UBongile lgamalan nguBongileThansanqa.Unokuntsalelkule

UBongile ufuna uf:uthethanabani?

UMsk. Bizo ukhona?
UBongile ushiya o*uphi umyalezo?
Uza kuzmaukufowunangeyiphi intsimbit

Rd the
UVal
LXoliswa
UVl

conversaiion
Molo Xoliswa.
Molo sisi. Nisaphilaphofu?
H, siphilile so*e. NyaL:ufo$rmelakubandingaanda
ukubuza ukuba sinokudibn na kwaklon. Kunjani
nsokuyakubukelafi limu?
Uxolisw Eyiphiifilimu?
UVal
Siryah]ukel^'D.lnp he G n'.
Uxoliswa Neelphi mini?
IJVa
Ngolwesine?
Uxoliswa Hayi, andizi L:b ko ngolwesine. Kunjani ngoMgqibeo?
IJV
Hayi, uMgqibeo kaung kum. Uza kuphumele
ngeCw?
Uxoisw Kuungie.
Utun ndikuphuthumengbniixesh?
lry
Lxolis\ra Ngetsimbiysihanu.
UVl
Kul!ngile. Sizkubonanake ngecawa.Salakakuhle.
Llxoliswa Knnandi.
Imagineihat Xoliwsa tels anotherfend abouther cbat with vali
(a) I spoke to Val today.

UMncedisiMandiliphinde igama. UnguBongile Thamsnq.

Inombolo ithi 70555.
UBongile Kulngile. Enkosi. Usalekakuhle.
UMncedisi Kannndi.
(a)
O)
(c)
(d)

175

El
r

(b) We are soins to seea film on Sunday.

(c) Canyou conewi us?
(d) val is soins to fetch ne at 5 o'clock.
Say you have
(a) tbee cbildeD.two daushten and a son
(b) fou nessases
(c) two telephonenumbers
d) five tickets
e) sia lettes
Lbten to the dialogue and say whethe the statements
are correct or not
(a) Thandi is in a hury.
(b) Shehasto so shopping.
ves
(c) Shepepffes a party for Friday.
(d) Sheonly invites Nomsaand Sipho.
(e) Nomshasto skSipho tust.
ves

xHos
- uNtr

176

8 Engtsh equivalents
hdings

o newspaper

2t

/ magazine section

Kumdlalo weqakamba
At the crcketmatch

Use the hedingsi (a) Fo the Chjdren, O) Heal Matte$, (c)

Business,(d) Finnce,(e) Spot, (0 Entertainment,(g) For Teenages
ndh) Eduction.
I
2
3
4

Ezemidalo
Ezmpilo
Ezolutsh
Ezoshishino

7
8

Ezolonwbo
Bzabatrana
Ezer'tundo
Ezena

In thi Unit
I
I
I
I
I
I

9 Complte th questlors
(a) Ndietha
-?
otheyo?
G') _
(c) Utuna _?
(d) Utuna
inombolo?
(e) _
igmallo?
(0 _
inombooykho ysekhaya?
(h) _
inomboloykho yasemsebeDzini?
() _
i-detesiyho?
(j) Ndinskwenzel
?
(k) Ndingkunceda
'l
() _
inexaki?
(m) Kwenzeke
?

askaboutpast spoinginvolvementandrespond
askaboutpsentspoing irvotvement nd respond
askwht someonedoesto kep fit
sy whatyo do to keepfit
askwhethe someonehashobbies
saywhat your hobbiesae

Ding the unchbrekPelerndThembawalk arounde cricket ground

wheesevemni-cicket mtchesareon the go and,amongoer ings,
tk boutthe wy cricket has becomeso popr tboughoutthe whole

Use these verbs to f ihe spcesconectly (a) bamba,(b) -shiya,

(c) -cothisisa,(d) -phindaand () -faha.
Uxolo. andivkal:ue, ungkwhona?
Ungaandauku_
umyezo?
Ungndi
kwi-ofisi kMnu. Bizo?
Usxkehlekomnyeumxeba. Ungathadauku
Uthethangokukrruezkahulu. Unga

how to:

lncoko

lO Which verb its?

1
2
3
4
5

Vou l1'Jill leatn

?
?

UThemba Kuhe k.uu ukubona umdla kangakaL:wiqakambakule

mihla. JongbonkeabaMkhay Ntini basaklulayobedlala
iqakmba!
tlPeter
Inene. Kule mibla naphin apho ujong kion, L:uko
atrakhwentweadlalaiqakmba.wena Thenba"wauidl
iqakambangentsukuzaklD usesesikolwe?
Uemba Ewe, ndandithanda kakulu ukudlala iqakrnba.
Ndandingunscini-pali. Ndinsubei kanjlo. Inene,
ndalldi\rll manseno!
UPeter
Nyhani!
tnhernba Wela,InfoDdii, wawudllaeyiphi imidlalo?
UPete
Heke. ndandidlal ineney nombhoxo ngeentsukuzm.
Ngelishwa, yophuk ingalo yan ndisdlkwi-under 15.
Emva koko zngendiphindendidembhoxokwkhon.
UThemba Wawudlalndwoni?

178

XHOSA- UNIT2

KUMDLAIOWEAAKAMBA

179

United
Cricker
Boord
ofSorh
Arico)
lcoud,sy
UPeter

Ndandisisilaanafu. Nangon ndandingadlali qakamba

ndithanda kaHl kuyibuke gakumbi xa sidlaia
naraqelphesheya.Wena,wawuwudlalumbhoxookanye
ibhol etlg7wayo?
Utemba Ndandidlalaumbhoxo.
UPeter
Kweyiphi indawo?
UThemba Ndandiyindodyesibhozo.
UPe.e
Kunjani ngbhoekhatywayo?Wawuyidlla?
UThemba Ewe, ndndi)idlakodwa ndandilhethaumbhoxo.
UPeter
Uyyibon phofu indlela umdlalo onanndla ngyo
UThemb Unyanisile. Khumbula ukuxlaswa kwdr,rdBhokobhoko
sisizwe sonle ngexesha lomdllo wamnqam! Ngubani
ongalibalaukuculwa hrkaTshotsholoza
ngeizwi elinye
Inene,ndiqinisekile ukubaul:ucla kwesihlwelekwawanika
umoyaukuzeaphumeleledrraBhokobhoko!
UThmb Yho! Ingubani ongalibalaigugu ebuswenibukaMongameli
Mandelaenxiba ijezi kaNo. 6 ephetheindebbeyithe qrrr
phezulunoFrancoisPienaar*
UPeter
NeBafana Bafn yafumana kw enjalo inxaso.
yaphumelelakwiAfican Cup of Nations. Kanene, wenza
luthamboluni kule mihl ukuzigcinauphille?

BolonoBooo winning lh Wold Clp of Noliods in 199

(Bono,Morch 199. Phorosby locb Moke ond Southlighl)

UThemba Be ndiyazamaukubaekakaathu ngeveki kwaye ndidlala

isikhwashi /'"qo. Wena,nondini'
UPeter
MD4 ndithandaukukhwela ibhayisekile kwye ndiyazama
nokunyuka intaba ngeecawa. Kodwa ngaranye amaxesha
kunzima ukufumana ithuba lokwenza loo nto kuba
umsetyeDzna
wam wokuzonwabisakrkuchwela.
UThemba Owamkukufota, 4a ke. Kodwa ke, liphi ixesha?
Thecncketerscone back on to therteA aer the lunch brcak.
uPeter

Jonga,abadlalibabuyile; isidlo saseminisiphelile. Umdlalo

uza kqala nsoL:u.Masibuyeletvizilllo zeul

UPete

*Alougt Presidet Mardela never played n8by, his interestin e ga@ 8@s
back to his youth. He remembersihe pltrg days of the fome Tmskei
honeld l@der KD Mar@iM w a chcke: 'When he was tekled, the
spectatorswould call out "help the son of a chief" (Cap. Tws 161311,994.
Aicle by RoeerFriedm ed By Gool.)

r80

XHOSA
- UNIT]2

KUMDIALOWEOAKAMBA

Isigama
rahle
iqamha
bsulayo
bedlala
nphim
wawdlla...?
iinlsuku
usesikolseni
ndddithdda
urgcinipali
Mbethi
mangno
nyhanll
intenetya
mbhoxo

\ lorely
cijcet
blddins it. still
growngl
plyjlg

being the fi6t Xhosa-speaking

oicketer to be slecledto rpreset
Soth Aftica. In 1990e shnny 14
ye old was tust spottedby Border
Crickel Developmentofcer

6n (gae)
spto
cod
give hen the

Malhay Ntini was'discoved'nd

hs not l@ked bek sinc.
He represetrted
BorderU-l5a aginst
a toing Englandtem d w
consideredthe bestfdt bowerthe
Egish teamhad fced.\\te ar
school Dle Coegehe wd chosen
'L Anic Ul 9 1otour Englnd
for Sou
whft he playedat the hlowed
MCCI He lsotouredAusali with
the Dale CoIege toui!8 tem. He
showedthat he wasnol oy a very
tentedf6t bowerbut that he wd
m slouchsith the bat scoring102to
.ld to his towDe pefomdce of 5

everyhr
didyplay,..l
days
yo still being
at shool
I loved, ited
wickeeper
b{tsnm
nnngs
really!
temis

-gby
be bmten
-ophuka
zmee.djphind.
I evr again
phtposilion?
ndawobi?
isiEnnf
stuEr
ngo.a
alough
ndmdineadai
I didn pay
mqela aphesheyaov^* teams
ibhota ethrylayo !@cd (it. ball
wich is tickd
< aba = kict)
indodayslbhom 8th han
phofu
in facr
nmndla
nase power
ohundya
isizw

undllo wDq
ukisw
isnweb
kwawanikamoya

of iting
nalion

l8l

In 1998in hs debutfo SouthAfric

againstNew Zealdd he took 2
(Suidd! 7:ws 2311111,997
,
Pictue ThomasTwk Couesy
In 199? yog nm from MdinBi,
a vilage l5 hn ftom Kirg Willim's
Town ma.le cricketing hjstory by

His inteestitr cricket was

undoubtedytblterd by his ate
rer who piyed at clb cricket
level while his uncle Lrngile
Makhulu still plays in the na.ala

Cultural background
'The unclesgretedeachothertumultuously.Apat from blood linLs
they had other ties. They hd taught at Lovedalelogeer bebre I
wasbom. In family albumsI hadpouedoverpictuesof schings
as the s1affcricket teamin which they had both played.All my fe
the menin my family werecricket mad; wheney 'ooted for Soth
Afiica' in Te Matchesabroadandfor poDcial teamst homend
fo[owed then fortunes in newspapesnd on dio despte the
policy of apartheidin spo.' (Noni Jabam I Ochre People Scenesfron a SouthAfrcan lrs, John Mury, London, 1963)

ta2

XHOSA UNI ]2

Tshotsholoza
(onomatopoeic the soundof a stean trin)
'Tshotsholoza!
Tshotsholoza!
Kwezo ntabaStimelasiphum'eRhodezhiya
Wen'uyabalekakwezontab
Wen' uyabalekal
Stimelsiphum'eRhodezhiy.'
lThis is often sung by worken to sive each
otherencouragemen
, henceits adoptionsthe
unofficial anlhem rel AnaBhokobhoko
neededthat little exta someing o win the
rugby World Cup in 1995.1

Repond to question'
lnootoement

(Nori lb\tr, Th? O(hR People)

Horp to ...
Ask ,bout someone's po,st apotting inooloement
Wwudlla y;phi imidlalo geentsuku zakhousserikolvri?
nblrdl ey,pt, t drltlo ngeeDtsukuzkhoulqse]fivesithi?
nalsdll ndavoni?

obout yout past slmrtng

Ndndidll:
iqkmb
tenety
rrnbhoxo
irikdshi
ibhol khrylE]
roki
tbhol yonnyzi (netbal)
ngeentsukuza ndilgsestkolwert/ ndilgsyivtsithi.
Ndndidll ;r,krhu / tndod yesibhozo/ iphik (wing).
Ask dbout

'Tshotshooz.,
a road mender ditty or work-song, is a popul
'hai song' of which thereis a whole repeoire bsedon the theme
of ilway travel. It imiated e soundof stemenginepuing out
of a station [...], and s it gaes spednd settledinto rcgar
hytbm, the voices combine n four pts acconpniedby
temendous thumps of feet stessing be bea: 'STIMela spham'
eRHODe-zhIyAl' t... The voices blended togethe exhoing the
enginein the vocative, 'IytN'ryd ,arc,ta', jnflections that paised
the locomotive's mgnificent perormnceon that ttro-thousand
nile joumey acossawy wld, od9h mopani oest, gradaons
of plateux,kaoo, mountains,valeysuntil the costis rcached.'

r83

KUMDLALO
WEAAKAMBA

prese

t spotn.g

inuotuement

Uydlala?
Udlala ntoi?
Ur la phi?
Ur la kw"liphi iqea?
Uqeqeshaphi?
Uqeqeshva fubni?

Reapond to queations about your p?eaent spotti'|g

inooloement
Ndidlala iqakamba / ; tenetya / unbhoxo / ;.ikwashi / ;bhol
khstlva)o / ihoki / ibhola yonnyazi
"dtdl5li ,ldalo.
ndisadlli ndllo.
rdimlo ixsha okudlla rmidl.lo.

Ask ta,h.rt someone does to keet fit

Wtrz
hthmboluni uhngci uphiltle?(seeUnit 15.6)

t84

XHOSA UNI ]2

S@y rhdt you do to keep lit

Ndiyablek.
Ndiyaqbha.
Ndiymba"hamb.
Ndn]rka intb/ entabeni.
NdikhrYlibhyisekie.
Ndikhwela rrndhashe.
Ndiydatrisa.
Ndiyaxhentsa-

rul'
I swim.
I wlk.
I do mourtin climbing.
I cycle.
I do horj diDg.
I do bloom dsncing.
I do traditioDl dcing.

Ask whethet sorneone ho,s hobbies

Un)o imise,zuyol:uzonwabis?

s.oy lauh.|t!@ur hobbies ote

Ndiyachwe.
Ndiyalot.
Ndiya*rthanda r,hrfund.
Ndicul tptkwayi.
Ndiyathng.
Nyaith.
Ndiyazoba.
NdisebeDzaegadi.
Ndiyaztbnd,rt lob.
Ndenzizitya neembiza
ngodongwe.
Ndiqoelels izitrmp.
Ndiyalka.

Culturul

I do woodwok.
I do photogrphy.
I like rading.
I sing ;n a oi.
I sw.
Ihit.
I pint.
I gardn.
I like fishing.
I do pottery.
I colled stamlr.
I do wving.

background

,ULI!-CULruRLCOPSlha:e SouthAriconPolceSerycmmbors
spnd moslo eir spor im doncins th lrodilionol woy Theyle
lrlng lopromoiecultul divrsitywilhin theirsNic
l:wtesy Cope fnes 17/5/t 99. PctuAlon Toylorl

lziro zokuhambisa ix6h (pastimes,

/ tTV
utubkel,.mbona-kde
.

utulhulph a ntculo (music) ngeeteyiphunangeCD

ukuphlphul nomathotholo
Th wod momthorclo = 'radio' comes from the association
betwnthe disembodiedvoiceswhich celaiditionalhealenwho
nay hve spiits nanifest in emselves - voices, whisdes, etc.
(regadedsbothrde andsinplar,ada honor ftom e acestols)

Ukuxhentsa
Unxhentso is a traditional )Ooeadance consisring of hythmic
movements,stmpingfet andvadousgestresaccompniedby the
singing andclappingof womennd gis.
This danceis peormed by wome and men a. ber ildnking, by
men ai a wedding(lr'ldudo) andby a diviner while divdng.

ooNotaHorHoto
'onomotfi otfiolo boyezc

9oye2al'

oe comine
he wil,chdoclos
eorly in morninghey qr coming.
Theyofe coming eory in lh morning
They6r comingl

r8

XHOSA- UNI 2

@ Honr it works
7 The pattcipia,
The paticipil construction,similar o rhe English verbal -ing' fom
(prticiple), usually denotestwo simtnous ctiors. Its use is more
extensivein Xlosa rhan it is in EDglish.As is the casewi rhe pssive
construclion,you must be familia wi e participil shoutdyou wish
to ead Xhosa teits. Mny examplescan be found in cprionsunde
pho(oglaphsin newsppersandmagzines:

UEarry nocharles
noSekelaMoneamel
uPri ce Charles wamkelwa
eMz.a si Aftika riNkalumbuso
fasecautng. (O\\hls anval
(coming from l,esotho,hince
Charleswas wecomedby e
Premieof cuteng.)

blgngenabribala lendtato.
(Hary andChalesandthe Deputy
Pesidententedngihe stadium.)

UPrnce Charles
encokob noseketaMonsamel
nenkoskaziJakhe.(Prince
CharleschaftiDgwith the
DepuryPresidentandhis wife.)

UsekelaMonaameli,
ebulsaisihtuele etdtfrkeni
kyakhekt /ibla lenidlalo.
(The Depu.y Presidentgeering
the crowd on his anival
l the stdium.)

ta7

(UMDIAIO WEAKAMBA

llrirr thesecponsyou can seetht e subjectconcods refening to

('f$$scsl/la; U2^ atd 6 aE -c'i -9' ; 'gr spectively.The subject
doncordsrefemrg to all e othe clssese the sameas the shot oms
0l'lhe present tenseindicive (cf. Unir 2,2).
'l'hc pticipial cralso be tanslteds follows.
He startedto py socce
ukudlalaibhola
Vr'qa
tglq the ageof eight.
ekhtywyogseneminyaka
esibhozo.
He srew up r4!!L seat
Ukhulecnomdltalulu
sebbolel'arywdyo.IDteresr
in
kumdllo
'o,cer
Bncokoebgbukelaiqakamb. They chttedyLils watching
cicket.
Sometineshe prticipjl is not traDslted jn Engtish:
WazhvDgo-1970cngunmtwana He ws bom in 1970,(bqi!g)
wesiihu kusapholwabntwana e third chid in a family of
five children.
baan.

(BONA, February,1998,p-44)
qlibana
Xa Maafutwe
...
Amadoda aentse imni
uNaoni Canpbe uthe kuibma yonkeqnk'mb.ko inkokli
nobaw' Madibakufana
)dlrr. (The men danced the
'nokanratheIaku kukhanra
whole day giving rcspct to t]ei
knelanga' (When e celebdties leader)
me., Naomi Canpbell sid at
(BON, Novmb! 1997,p.2l)
to meerwi 'her farher'Madiba
was lke stpping into the
sunshine.)
(BONA, Octobe,r97, p.3)

Ufotwe gkunyenabnyebadll He wa, photogphedqiag)

togethewith oer playersof
beqekle.
ls leam.
Noa:rri's infixed betweenthe subjectconcord nd a monosyllabic
verb stem,e.g.'-y' = to go to':
I an limping so!!g along.
Ndiqhwlelandisty.
Lr-' is infixed betweenthe SC nd a yowel vrb em, e.g. '-enz :
Ungalibali ke, CseziBA nj,
ubmbemibini imisebenzi.

Don't forget then sheis

doiag he BA while holding
down fwo iobs.

Use o the porttclpal form

Afte the co\iunction 'x' = 'when' / 'wheneve' / 'if' :
Sayi4g so shetells lhe tluth.
x gsitshouthethinyriso.
=
After the inteogaliv 'kuthni' 'why?' (ct Unit 8.4):
Why did shenot ol me?
Kutheni engndixelelanga?
t is usedafte cetinrxiliary vrbs, e.g. 'se- / sel_/ sele_'= 'already':
Ukhona?
Hi, sel'smile.

Is he,/shlhere?
No, he/shehasa|Itdy left.

r88

X H OS A U N I2

And also fte ' soloko' = 'aways':

Wasolokognqwenelaul:udll
He lwys wanredto play
iqamba njengorluluva
cricket like hs older bothr

t89

KUMDTAIOWEOAKAMBA

Theywr chompionsl
ll wss o lough compiilion.
Wd5 iherecomodeieomong

B4ziinlshoishelil
olol
Belsnzimo
ukhuphswono
phokothi
Bc@khor:buhlobo

The prcipi fom is also usedfte the adverbof time 'kudl' = long
ago:
Kudal psemisha
wyedlldnanqidi.

Long go whenhe ws sll

Young,he usedto box(li. usedto ply tuts)

As canbe seenfrom theseexamples,e paticipil occursiD rhepresenL

andpa tenses,bolh positive andnegtve(infx '-gr).
2 The cont rrttous,'ecent

past tense

This freqetly usedpast lenseusuay coves ny continued ction or

state dring the r.ec?a,pdrr ndis fomed wi '-b' + rhe pticipiI.
'-be' = ''as'/ 'rvere' is the ecent past tenseof 'ul:uba' = 'to be' (cf.
Uit 10.3):
Ndibe ndidlala(very arely sedin eveydayspech)= I was I playig
shoened to + Bendidlal= I was playing

Bekumnondikokhulul
doy or our
kv/iqeo lwos o successtul
8&yimininmpumelelo
tom.
lelhu.
*Youmoyind 'ub'used instodof 'eb'.
From ese exmpesyo can seethat:
1 n the unshadedexamples 'be. is simpy pefixed to the subject
concords.Howeve,in the shdedexamples\thee e subjed concods
consistof vowel only, the subjectcoDcordsand / or 'ber arc slighty
modified.
2 he cotinuos rcent past enseis also u$edto descibean actionor
processtaking place t a ctitr point in time in the e lrast where
Bnglishwould simpy usee pasttense:
How did your teamplay (at the
Belldlala njani iqela lkho?
time)?
3 Th contiuous recent p6t tnsis usednot only with verbs but h
copultives, inteogative6, loctives and desciptives as well. These
desqiptives also include stativ vbs:
Stativ verbs
Pnesnttene
Ndixakekile
I m busy.

Beqidlolonioni
Be3!dlolokokuhle

Howdd rhscrumhol
ploy?
Bothscrumholves
ployedwell!

Sttive verb
pst teDs,e
BeDdixkekil.
I was busy.

Sithbthekik-

Besithabathektl.
We re impressed.

Ndingxmil.
I m in a hurry.

Bendingxmfu.
I wss in hufly.

Bonwbil? abaxasi!
The supporters happyl

Bebonrabile abaxhasi!
The suppotes*ere bppy!

r90

XHOSA- UNIT]2

Note: As is lhe casewi e picipial, e two intrxes .J!,and

asooccm n the continuous rcnt Dsttense.
ari ' with vebs of orc syllble:
Bebertthini?

,-r-'

Wat werc they sfng?

-r- with vowel vbs:

Ubueenznton izoo?

Wat were you doing yesteday?

The negative of the continuols p tffe s formedbyl

infxng 1ngr andchngingthe finl vowel to '-i' with onsonntvebsi
BndilScsebenzi

I wsn't working
Use -ng- and changethe final vowel o Li' with vowl verbs:
Bendjlgenzinto rzolo.

I rasn't doing an'ing yesterday.

Use'-trg- nd suffj"\ '-aDga wi a stave!erb:

BendiEggrkeksDg.

I wsn't bsy.

Use '-ng-' wi non-vebalpredicates:

EbenggklouThemba?
Wstr't Thembarhere?
Beluggnzimukhuphiswamoo! Ws'trdiffict comperirion!

3 The continuous emote patst tenae

This past tenseusually coves any conrinudction o stt duing the
temotepast.lt is fequ'ennyusedin biogrphiesandrcpos of pstevents.
(ci Units 3.4 and 7.4).
It is fomed rvith: SC of motepastaense+ '-be' or 1ye, + rhepaticipil
1b' = 'was' / 'wrc' - te ecentpasttenseof 'ukuba' = 'to be'
'-ye': 'went' the ecentpasttenseof 'ukuya'
= .to go to'
Ndbe ndidala. I usd fo py (long ago).(1r.I ws I playiDg)
Ndtrdidlala.
Wy edlla.

WEAAKAMBA
KI]MD].AIO

Tlis lenseoften hse connoltionof 'used to', which canbe expressed

lxplicitly by dding'-Lde':
Ndandi&de ndidlal. = it. I waslong go I plying.
\ryhatwercyo! playingt thattime?
I wss plying cicket.
I was a wicke-keper.
What wee you playing at that
time?
We were playing ugby.
Ss!,rdhrumbhoxo.
He used to kephimsef fit by
nbErigcin qphilie
walking.
ngo.:uhmb.
They used to keepemselvesfit
Baledgcin beplilile
by unDng.
ngokublek.
n&rarnjni umdllo,ombhoxo wlla ms e gameof rugby like
at at me?
rgelaxesh?
They ver! interslinggmes.
)bYrnondl inidlalo.
How did your team ply?
Ladledanjni iqel laklo?
AJclngilr anqengelaaxesha. The teamswere good at thl time.
It ws (very) nce then.
Kr}umnnalt ngoko.
As you cn seeftom ese exampes,rb' or '-ye' is oitted excepafor
Classes
1/14.4.6nd9.
Note As is .he cswi e prticipial nd e cotinous cent pst
nse.the infixes '-rf'/ '-r-'also occurin the cotinousmotpast
ense with verbs of on syllble and vowl vebs respectively,while
rngar is iDfixed in the necative.
Wawudll ntoni gea xesha?
Ndeslidll iqal(amb.
Ndpding,rngciDi-pali.
Naaidlla ntoni ngelxesha?

How to appty it
I

Lisien to the Xhosalised English words on tape and lite

down e English equivalents

He rYasplang (lons ago)

nayedlala.
Note As is e casewith the continuousrecentpasttense,the full fom is
very arely usdin everydayspeerh.

t 9l

(b)
(d)

(0

r92

XHOSAUNI12

tg,

KUMDLALO
WEAAKAMBA

(a) Andiandi mbhoxo.Ndi yacingauhba undlonso-ndlongo

(/ds) ungabanengozi.
wly do yes like rugby?
b) Andjrhndjhqubba. NdiyawoyamaMi.
Wy do ypu ike i.?
(c) NdithndintenetyakkuuWy don't taq like t?
(d) Ndithnd ukunyuk intaba kkhulu. Indalo (''dtulr) inde
gqithal
Wry don yau like it?

OkunokwenziwangebhoLa
Unokulkab.
Unokuyibamba.
Unokuyiosa.
Unokuyigqiisela.
Unokuyibetha.

You cnkick it.

You cncatch(lold) ir.

Youcnhit it.

Now instruct somebodyro:

(a) kick il!

o) ctch (hold) il

(c) tow it!

(d) pssit!
(e) hit it!

() Uqata_

umdllo weqakamb?
Kudal_ amaqelanamhlanje?
(c) NCU_ usompenpe?
(d) Ngr_
ophumephambili?
(e) Umdlalo udlw
(0 Kupbunelele _?
iqela?
G) Kuphumelee

4 Complste statemenis
(.) Ndi

diqakamb.
bhola ilatywyo.
(c) _ndi_dlal
ntenetya.

o) -d141-

pkde
-ndiwrdll

Past hobbies
Somebodytell' you bou p\l hobbe\ nd yol

Conplete th questiors wi the appropiate i eogave

(d)
(e)

Spots perncss
You exFess your prefeencesfor ceain spots.Ask sonebody why
h./shepeers certinspolt:

c)
2

r93

dlal intenetyaumbhoxo.

I sti ply cricketI do't play soccer

I dotr't ply iennisny
log.
I used to ply tennis.
I neve plyedrugbt

(a) Ndanditdendithungaka}huu.
What did you uset sew?
O) Ndandilade ndinia yonke imihl.
Wt did yo useto krit?
(c) Ndandikadendica.
Wat did you useto sing?
(d) NdandilGdendidnisakakhlu.
Wich dances?
(e) Ndanditadendiloba kakhu.
Meeting somebody fo the first time
You mt someoDefor the fnst time. Ask them thesequestons:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Do you like spo1?

Which team do yor suppo?
Do you wtch spot on TV?
Do you havehobbies?
Do you like music?

XHOSAUN] ]2
Complete ppropriately.
Fil in (he corrent subjci concord to complete rhe folowing
prticrsaboutpasrsoccerpesonalities:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

UJomo Sono
mele ibhola yaseMzanrsi-Aftipheshey.
Uceorse Thebe___Jindoko yeSANFA.
UMbny_dlalelaMookaswallows.
UKaizer MotunC_ngonnye wabadliabphambili
beOrlandoPirtes.

Read the dialogue and answer th quastions

USIPIIO NOWYANI BADIBANA BANCOKOLE
Usipho

Molo. bhuri. Uzfihe phi? Lbuphi? Khnge ndikubone

esha elide.
Uvyani Mfondini, bendiguiainyangayone.
Usipho Awr! Ndiluszi. Llbhetelensoku?
Llvuyani Ewe, ndiphilie kwakhona kangangokuba ndiqle
ukuphange kvakhona namhtnje. Ukle wambona
uNomsakurshanje?(/ec?rt,
Usipho Hyi. Ndiva ukubausesibhedee.
Uvuyani Uphethweyintoni?
Usipho Andiqiniseknga.Ingai wabkwingozi (shewas in an
UVuya
USipho

Aw! Ingozi enja?

Uyazi, Nomsa udl ngokubaleka.
Ebe.,qeqeshelai7ir" O.edrr. Ngoku,

UVuyni Torhwanal Imbaleki enje ul:uqaqamb- (rtu'r d'i

outstandingathete)Uknesiphi isibhedee?
USipho Andazi.
UVyani Ndiza kufo*lnel umyeni wakie utumnisa ind drt
aot) nsesibhedee.
(a) Uspho udibananabani?
(b) Ktheni engmbonanga
uvuyni ixeshaelide?
(c) Asebenzangaixeshelingknaniuvuyani?
(d) AbaNobo bathethangabni?

KUMDLALO
WEOAKMBA

t95

(e) UNorsa udla nsokweMa ntoni?

() Kutheni Nonsa esesibhedlele?
(s) Kue uvuyani etunaukufowunelaunyeni kaNonsa?
1O Fill in e appropriate

missing elements

(a) lryuyani -fuDa ukufownelumyeni -mllobo -ke.

(b) Uvuya funa ukufo\runelainkoskazi-mhlobo -khe.
(c) Uvuyani funa ukfownelaabzali lobo
khe.
l1 Hobbies and pastime-s
Redthefollowing bouthobbisndpastimes.Fill in rheppopite
wods ndphasesfrom [he list:
() inabo nobuchue bokweza izinto ngezanda, O) abdal
imidllo, (c) Luphulphulalubkele, (d) ukuphulaphul4 (e) ubomi
bangphande, (0 baphila, ngomculo, (g) ukuqokeela,
(h) nokubukel,(i) baqokelelaand (i) ukufunda.
Balho abantuabathnda(1)
izinto, umzekeloizitampu.
Baneencwadiekuthiwa zii-albun, apho kukho izitmpu eziniMi
ezikftoyo elabathitri.om all owr the world). Abatuabambaln
(2)
(umiturc)
izinto zakudala, Dzekelo
'altsha
okanyeimizobo (pdintirsr).
Baninzi abantuabattanda(3) -.
Ngenpela-vekibaryrka
iintaba. bayableka, baklwela ibhayisekile, baqubha elwandle
okanyeemilanjeniokanyebayalobahba bathandaukutya iindal\zi.
Inkoliso (mort) yabantu (4)
ia iijezi, yaluka imilengens yodonsa, iunsa iilolAwe,
iyachwel,yenzaiziry ngodongweokanyeisebenzaegdini.
Uninzi (ntry) lwabantu luthand (5)
kunomathorholo
(6)
yonke.
(7)
L:umbona-L:ude
imini
iindb, mculo, imidlalo eqhurys,ayo,(seials, t. plars
whch arc co n ue) iifilim, imidllo enjeneombhoxo,iql(mb,
isok njlo, njo.
Bannzi abantu (8) _,
ngkumbi isok, umbhoxo,
neqkmbezithandwakakulu.

196

XHOSA- UNIT]2

Abnye bntubathanda(9) _
arnphephandaba
neencwadi.
Bathengiincwadi okanye babolekakwiala eencwadi (/m,r, rrd

t3l

Masit/e kulaa restyu intsha!

Let's go to thst
new restaurant!

ln ths Unit you u)lrl lerrn hol.luto,

KukJb abantu (10)

Bacula ekwayarini, badlala
iziLna]io (n scal i sttunents) urzekelo ipiyno
bayadanisa.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

askfo a tbefo the apFopriateDumberin your py

skfor a pticular table
askfor menu
askwht dshesare recommended
excuseyounetf fom de table
commenton you food
askfor the bill

lncoko
AJter e fficket, Pete and Themb,Jenny and Thandi go to a rccently
openedrcstauantspecising in traditional Xhosfre.
Unphi-weestyu Molwen| Nankelkile kwiziki Ith. Siy^wya
kakhulu ukunibol Ninjni?
Ingbaunayo
UThemba
H, siphilengaphandleko.:urnb!
itle yabantuabane?
Umphthi-werestlu Ngokuqinisekjleyo!Ndilandeleni.
lngbasingafumanaitafilengasefeslileni?
UThndi
Umphi-werestyu Nantsi. Injani le?
unsilelsiyabulel.
UThndi
Umphthi-werestlu Nalu ulublu lokutya.
Ucebisa sithae ntoni n? Yntoni isipeshali
UThenb
sanam}lanje?
Umphthi-weestlu Heke,kwizidlo zokuqalasineso ka samnr.

r98

XHOSA
- UNII3

UJenny

Ool loo nto indikhumbuzaubuntwanabam efma!

Ndiyasithandakakhulu ieon|d sarnanzl
Umphathi-weresq'u Nyhani, Nkosikazi! Nisk phi?
UJenny
Ndluela efamaemd<hoseni.
Umphthi-weresttu Ndwoni?
UJenny
NgaseKomani.
Umphathi-reesqu Oo, andiwaziloo mhtab.Mna ndiHele phesheya
kweNciba. Heke, mandibalule Mnphokaqo.
ttttgqusho, amfrno, mtton stewnol s.
UPeter
Ndilibele. toDi /r/roloq, kanye?
Umphathi-wercsqu Ngumgubowombonaophekiweyo.
LPeter
Oo. ewe, Ddiykhumbulangoku.
UJenny
Ngowuphilrrrfno wako?
Umphathi-werestyir Sisipinatshinesv,ele.Ndganizselinto yokusela
eliaaniklethi o yokurya'lKtmjilngontqomboth,
arrmthev'uoknyetrwala.
Uftenba
MasingcmenizoDl(elSizselenebhotileyewaytni.
UDgyivua?
Umphthi
NgokuqinisekileyoI

INTSHAI
MASIYEKUI-AARESTYU

Umphthi-wercstyu Ingbanitye kamnndi?

Kknh!
Abblobo
NdingaaDda kufunna
iresiphi
UJenny
yomnSrrrtr? ub siohlebo?
Umphathi-weestyu Ndiza kukucelekumpheki.
Ndiybyela.
UJenny
Umphathi-weestr' Heke,kunjani ngsimuncumuncu?
Aba obo
Enkosi kalulu kodwa sonkesanele!
Ulhemba
Singayifumani-bill ngoku?
Unphathi-wercstyu

Isigama

nokqiisekileyo eriiny

cnosmyer
_

The estamntowner comesback wth the open bottle ofwine an.task

whethrtheyare rcady to ode.
Umphai-weestyu Nilungele uL:u-odola?Senilethie?
UThemba
Hyi,asikbethi.Sisacing.
Umphathi-westyuKungile,ndizakubuyaemvakwexeshana.
UJenny
Kanene,Mnurzam, liphi gubi oklambeta?
Umphlhienrsrlr Ndildndee.
ndizakkrboni,.
UJenny
Enhosi.Ndixolele knctncr.
Abnye
Kulungile.
WhenJennycomesback thr odet and ater a while their meal aftbes.
Umphahiwerestyu Nakuukutyl
UJenny
Mm, kunukmnandi! Kujongeknandikanjatol
Umphathi-werestyu Heke. ndiydembaukub niz konwabelakury
TheJfrnlh the meal

199

<e
gumr rcn0mma

Mlmom
woro yo

on lhe dtr sid o/

hevond
LLeKi tu!.

isimncumuna

Mirc

dsset

ykho

20t)

X H OS A U N I3

2,1

Cultural background

IZN<O
ULUHLULOKUTYA
Izidlo zokuqala

RESTYU
NsHA!
MASIYE
KULAA

Staers

'I am very fond of this sou milk which is know sdtmri amog
e )ftosa peopleandis gedypized asa healthyndnomishing
food-It is very simpeto ml(eandmerelyinvolves letting e milk
slndin e openair ndcrille. It thenbecomesthck ndsour
nther ke yogu.'

Inkozo zethang ezojiwe

narnandongomane

Roastedpumpkin pips
and roastedgounalnuts

Isigezenga

Steamedgreenmealieballs

Some trd'dttlon4.t dshes (lztdlo zakwaNtu)

Isonka samarui

Soft reshlysteamedbread

Umphokoqo

Crumbly mealiemeal
porridgewith sourmilk

Themostpopladi in its numeousfoms,is porddge:ponidgemadeof

soEhm- arrdzimb - (indigenousto Africa) and maize / mealie 4mbos- (pl. ii'dmbotra) which was introducedto SouthemAfica via
WestemandCentralAfica ftom SouthAmeica by Pouguesenagatols.
The word 'ralie' is derived ftom the Potuguese word for sotghu!
p. 6).
'milho' (cf. RenataCoetzee,,F,rd,Heinenann,Johannesburg,
r,idudu
th rnealiemalpondge(2,5patsof v!e4I paft of neal)

Main Couse

Isipheko Esikhulu
dubhayi

Bean& Melie Stw

lmithwane

Pumpkin Runner Ste\t

Umngqusho

Samp& beans

Umffno

Spinach& Onion Stew

Ithanga

BoiledPumpkin

Imifino

StewedGreens

Ulusu

Tlipe

Umkhupha

Ponidgeo Maize & Beans

widr Meat

Isimuncumuncu
lsaladi yeziqhamo
ne,ayisikhrim

Dessert
Fruit salad& ice clem

(Nelso Rolihfalla Mandl,., Lt g walk to Freedom, p.266,

RndburgMcDonaldPurDe[, 1994)

s\r,eetmilk ponidge(l pa gmundgln mealies,6 partsfe swetmilk)

uns
ick meliemeaponidgenixed rith pumpkin(2 pas tral, I pn wate)
'rphokoqo
comblymeaiemeatpoEidge(4 ps of meal,1-2ps of water)
CEREALAI\'D VEGETABLE MD(F,S
wedng / gubel
"rqa
1 mediumpumpkin,250r neliemea
,r,/lthrxha
5 parispumpki& 2 p1s8Inmeaes
rnffno/ ffiqubel / tstgibane
greDsndmeaiema
LEGIIME DISIIES
Unngqusho
sanp (crushdmaize)andbenns

XHOSAUNI]3

Umngqusho
Ingrdients
125g beans,soakedovemit
125g sarp,sokedovemight
500 g brisket, cut into cubes
I onion, chopped
2 tomatoes,chopped
I grenpepper,chopped
salt, pepper,lemonjce to tste

Method
Cook the beansand sampfor
pp.ox. 3 hous.Bown meat
and onion. dd sr,pepper
and waterm cover ano srrme
unl ahnostdone.Add orion,
tontoand geenpepper
and simmertil the ingreents e
cooked.Mir wiih the &mtrgqusho,
addlemonjuice to taste,her
thmugh and seve,
(Retr Coetzee,Fna,p. 159)

oooLrooo
'Ukrtya L:weuthina mdftos ngumbonaesii siwenzungqusho,
isidudu,isona, rarhewr,rywalaukarti abkwazulubathandiayisi
kkhulu. t...1Kwezinye indawo yeDziwangumgubowamazimba.'
(IS. Bongl;IPrrro, MaskewMi e Longman,1977)
ooo0ooo
'This sme ved offeed gzing for our liveslock and yielded
mfro, wild spinach,to ou mothers,in ich vaiery [. . .]
I do not eremberever bing desperatelyhungry as a child. No.
Thee ws alwaysmoe an enoughto eaa.New meliescookedon
tte cob, dry nealiescooked with beans,meliesoasted,mealies
stampd ad boken into bits, mees cusbed and gound to
powde! pumpkin as vegetable,pumpkin mixed wi mealie-meal,
oer squash,eggs.ftuit, sou milk milk fiesh fo.my warm, stmighr
tom the udder: gadenvegetable,nild vegelable,dmtzmlm,
a
^\d
hosi of othe delectbe eatables. Such varietv: such rcadv
avaiability.'

(SindiweMgon,ro Mt Chiuen'| Chidn,

DavidPhiliDPublishes.
1990)

2o3

KULAA
REsYUNTSHAI
MASIYE

! Howto ...
Ack fot o tdbte ot the dpptopriote
youf pqrty

nmber in

lJn lo it^frle y.:tba.tldababni | Lbath^lhl| | abane/ abahlauttl

Singfilman,-tfle ydnt adne?

ABkot a particut4t

tabre

Singaltma fl ngarfestilni?
Aak fot

d menu

Sngafun ,lhlu lofrE / r'menl'u?

Sngafumndhlu loftsel?
Ask who't is tecommended

/ speciql

tlblula nfoni?
Ucebisantoni?
Ucebissikhthg ntoi na?
Yntoni irrpeslai smhlanie?
Unertdlo err'sodwnhlaqie?

Excuse yourself from the table

,Vdtxolelskncinci.

Comment on yout food

Kujongeka mnatrdi.
Kunuks mnndi.
Kurmndi.

Ask ot the bitl

Sing],ifumnaibill?

204

XHOSAUNITI.]

S How it works
I

Th. ittlve or neuter inffx '-k-'

Tuo nouns n possessiue teldtionahip in mdny

uords to do toith ood' haoing meo'ls, etc.
bef (it. meat o/cotr)
mutton / larnb (lit. met o/shep)
chicken(lit. met d/chickn)
pork (lit. met o/hog)
sefood (lit. food o/the sea)

myama Jegush
tryma )hg
l,*zty ,brrselwndle
r'suphurkku
lsphu )?tuto
irido rdkussa
iridlo sllrcmtui
iriUo rdgokuhlwa

cheese(lit. bed ,fsour milk)

bnadstoiL qfealy morfug)
unch (lit. mI o/middy)
dinner,supp(lit. meal o/e
evenig)

igumbi irkutygla
(i'dlu yol:utyela)

dining rcom (1i.oom o/etiDg

itffle )okutyela
tlphu ltffI

dnnertable
rabecloth

@D)

atuhlu r.iselo
lhlu lw?wayid
2 Mote

about

oetbdl

205

KUIAARESIUIN5H41
MASIYE

extensions

The caus.iveinfl\ '-z-' instedof'-is-'(ct

folowing ves endingin '-la' :
Ndryak:humbula
ngoku.
hdtkhumbuz ubu,ran bn.

Unit 4,6) is usedin rbe

It reminds m" of my childhood.

(lit. ii mks me remembe)

Khathaleleirnpilo yakho.
Musa uku.tknathaza.

Ce fo you helth.
You must not wory Cyorulr.

Ndiza L:uphrI3ixeshan.
Zphumze xeshana.

I'm going to est for a while.

Rest (1,ollrel, for a while.

Thh infix indicates a state or condition wiout rcfeing to the agent

iJrunirgthatconditionsimil to the passivevoice The English equivalent
wouldbe 'be (do)-ble'o 'cnbe' (done):
Is this window openbl?
lyvulekle festile?
Can this window be opened?
lumaneklula inyan?

Is metreadily oblinbl?

ea
love
-ry
"thnda
be eatn
be loved
-tYlga
-andEa
be e-dible
-ty*a
-andgk lte lovable
need/ want
read
-fuaa
-funda
be wanted
be rad
-funl4
-fnd]{a
be desirable
be legible
-funEa
-ftndeBa
Thce ae a numberof vebal forms e ding in -'ekir?' which corespond
to Bnglish 'to b' + adjectives(cf. Unft 5.6):
I m celin.
I am busy.
'Weae he.
It is impott.
n someinslnces,ves with '-ck (tre)' or 1w. semto be interchngeable:
Ndiqinisekirr.
Ndixakektle
Sikhulekile.
Kubalulektle

Kushiyekaulotya okunizi.
Kushiywekutya okuninzi.
(Much food is left orr.)
ljongeka'< ,.jong' (< 'look') is litealty trasted s 'looked at s':
KujongkaDnandi.

3 Inlx:s'-

,i1r, netb in the negqtioe = 'not get'

sitskhethr:
Ani\^zi.
silyt ilng! lingelbhoni.

ndrleliffrmi ixesha
lokuphuml.

we hven chosenyqt.
I don know !9!.
We don't est befoe sunset.
(t. beforc e sunhasnot y9!t
gonedown)
I hverot Jpt found time

206

XHOSA
- UN]I3

'Ukuba dr?LA/t
n"Mpondomise'1t
nfrndi, rft,lsndboni
a.rutMrlkkz: amaue.'
(4.C. Jordan)

$How

ff you have art yE! bento the

land of the Mpondomise,
eadet you hverot yrg!seen
bautifulAftican women.

to apply it

Ukurya ktnnandi.
Ndinambia (?rj"]) ur:urya.
IsoDta sinencas.
Nthanda inym.

Ndiplilile ngaphande

(t'eing very hungy).

(bing vey thirst .
(the worD.
(the weate4.
(too much sudying).

Imituno mitsh kaliulu:

(a) igumbilokulala
(b) isunbi lol:ultala
(c) rgumbioluodel

Match thse Xhosalisei wods with oigital Xhos

Isuphuineqwa kakulu:

2
3

(f)

(d) Nnda isonkaesimdak:

Nilikhetha ukuselaiwayini ebom\,r:

tapilezishushu:

Ask
Do you havea table for two?
(b) Do yo hvea table for tbee?
Do yo havea tble for four?
(d) Do you have a table fo five?

anotheslice
anotherbeer
anotherfok
notherhle (imel)
notherspoon
notherteaspoon
nofter plte (ipleyni)
anothecup of tea

English equivlents
You know tht 'igurbi okuyela'means'dinrgroom' Cnyou
of:
guesstheEngshequiYaent

3 Give lhe opposite description

(b) i-apiiezimncu(sour):

rhee you can sit outside

to bing e menu
wheer you ca ordernow
wbelheryou canhave red srine
whetheyou ca hvvegetables/ fiuit

Ark the wate for somelhing

(St0t the sentenceoff by saying 'Ndingafunana'J
(u)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(f)
(g)
(h)

Answer th qestion 'Hou, ae !Du?' in tlplcl Xhosa qray

Rememberthis involves sying somethingalory the lines of '1an

(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Ark the waiter

(r)
(b)
(a)
(d)
(o)

Give the negalive

(a)
O)
(c)
(d)

2o7

INTSHAI
IIA6IYIKq!44RESTYU

5
6
7

ibhladesi
ilantshi
idinla
imenyu
itshizi
ibhafntr1
ioyile.hi

()
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
(s)

uluhlu lokuty
(1i1.houseof pdvcy)
indlu yangsese
igumbi lokhlrnbea
isidlo sakussa
isidlo sangokwa
isido ssemini

208
9

XHOSAUNIT3

You are asked what you would like

(a) fo brakfast. Say lhat you would like:
poridg; two slicesof bro.r.1q
(t. dk) bread;a soft-boiled
Gthbileyo) eg$ butte ndjn (jn).

(b) fo lunch. Say that you would like:

cod meat , salad(isaladi), slice of white bead and a slice o

t)r supper. Say that you would like:

mb,potatoes,vegeabes,fiuit.

10 List all e vegetbl6 you will need to make the soup

Izio zokupheka
50Ogyesuphyenyama

I lcomiryiyeembotyizeswekile
I itoti yesuphuyetumatooknye
I tsweleelikhulu
suphuyemifuno
3 iikomityi zeminqae
Z ikorDityi yerhasi
I ikoniryi yeembotyiezintsha intwnayetyuwayegaliki
I icephelet),uwa
2 iitispuni zepasili
j, itispuni yepepile
3 iitapile
I iomiryi yee-errysi
imiuno gtqbl*
imingothe corch

iimboryiezinhhogre. bons nhsi borley

iilyis pos

INsHA]
KUIAARESTYU
MA$IYE

2J9

,JThndi Ndiza L:wenzaisaladi yeziqhmo.Ndituna ama'apie,

anapee. ipayim, ii-oreqii, ipesik nebhamna.Ezi
bhananselullaza.Unazoezivuthiweyo?
tJmncedisi Nzzi eziwthiweyo. Mosikzi.
UThandi Enkosi. Iivtal zijongekannndi.Zidl mlirit
Urncedisi Zid R7.00 Zimandi zinannzi kkulu. Kunini
rgokungcina?
UThandi
Enkosi.Ingnleloo nto. Mm, irDnndikhulu. Ndiphe
enl$lu ley.
Umncedisi Kunjani ngmkhiwanenediliya?
Hayi, Mnuzana. Ezi ziqhamozanele.
UThan
Umncedisi Kulungile.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0

Kutheni uThndi efunkuengaiziqhamo?

Uensa eziphi iziqhano?
Zinjani iibhanana?
Injani ivatala
Idla mali ivtla?
UThandi akengi ziphi ziqhmo?

ziqhmo
varala(ii-)
i-apile Gm
idiliya (ii)
ikhisee (ama)
i p a . i n d , i r'
i-orenji (ii-)
ipesik(ii )

rtun
vtmon
!!p
!ap
fig
pnedbpe
rgc
peeh

iPeE (ana )
a tprl"
-ngok$m
-pht[um
shipn rr"
\u r h $ e r o
-dla nalinil
-Imdzi

Ped
vcry rsh
nYFr
rtch
vd.r-cheap
'Pc
msl how much?
juicy

12 A friend is helping you pepare a meal. Tell he,/him

what to do:
Plesewash Ghmb)e potatoes.

l1 Read the dialogue and answe the quesons

Umncedisi Mlo,ndingakuncedangantoni?
UThnd
Mm, iziqhamo zk1ozijongekazintle.
Unncedisi Ztsha /err?, Nkosi^zi, ndiziphuume ngol:wm
nar'lanje ekuseni.Enye into, zitshiphu,liel

(b) Don rakelhe big porroe.

lale e \rrallone(.

PelGchuba)two onions and an apple.

(d) Chop Gnqunqa)the onions ande pumpkin.
(f)

Gate (-tshweza)the crots.

Washe lettuce (ilelisi) levesndthe tomatos.
Bdns someshes (izily).

xHos
- uNtr3

I tel

(h) They e n rhe cupboard(ikabhai ) abovethe sin (isinki).

Ukutlrenga inpahla nezinto

Open tin.
(i) Openthis one swell.
(k) PlesesetGlungisa)the table.
13 w'illng

yinto zakrvalItu zesiNtu

Buyng clothesond tllc'rious

n inviation

At'rican arts and crats

Try to rvrite e ppropriateinvitation that would have elicited rhe

folowins nswe:

In thls unit vou |,ir, ,eqtn ho@ to,

Nosaoandekayo,
Ndiyabulela kkhuu ngecwadi yalo nangol:undmem.
Kuza kubamrndiukuryisido sangokuhlwanawe.Ndiy^zi
ukubaungumphekiwenenengalumbi kwizido zkwaNtu.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

SobonanangoMgqibeloke. Undibuliselekubaz baklo.

Bayezana nabo eklayeni ako ngoMgqibelo?
NgolukhuluundoNomvuyo.

narvel at something
size
discuss
askaboutcolour prefeence
complimentsomeoneon en ppeaance
discussprice
saysomethingfs wel
offer a discount
askwhat paymeft is acceptabe
makemore comparisons

Incoko
Pcter nd Jenny want to by some Xhosa handiofu nd trditional
clorhes.
yhini! KharMrjongenje zonke ezi zinto zdel linkkho
UJenny
ezoluiweyo, imilengalenga yodong, iznto zodongwe,
iingobozi nenyeimpbla.Kuza kuba nzim L:ukhethal
UMncedisi Molweni, ndinganinced?
Inene,ivente ykho de kakhrlul
UJenny
Ndiyazi, ndiza kuchithim eninzi namhlnjel
UMncedisi Enkosikalul. Nngathandauhrjonga kuqala?
lngandeloo.
UJenny
UMncedisi Ndibizeni ukubninna uncedookaye nifuna ukwazi nto.
Klungie, Nkosikzi. Mnq ndingathanda ukuqaa
UJenny
ngokujongaiilokhwe nemibhnqo.
l,o ngumlengalengawodonga phya koluya donga, mhle,
UPete
Nkosikzi.
UMncdisi Owphi, nuDza?

NE t AFRICANCUISINE.Trodnionol
disheswi q modntwisiis
whorporrypeoplsgewhnthq, hne corerinsservices
oi Ubusuku
Be.Aiksl l you ore plonningo rcolAriconpo y, y will brins
olongo prqisesinger,songomo,
ortistsond q bwnshpbondto dinn.
coPefin6,23/10/98.

ri*'

xHosAuNrr!

212
UPete
UMncedisi
UPete
UMncdis

flPeter

Lo ubonisaumfazi otshyinqw.Wenzi\raphi?
Wenziwansbafzibale ndawo.
Yimlini,nltosl(z?
Ngelshw le miengalengyodongaidl imli eninzi kule
mib kub klol-u youkwe ngesandl yaye yeyoboya
beseibhokwe.
Ndiyev.

ZESINU
IMPAHLA
NEZNTOYINOZAKWANTU
IJXI,I'IIIENGA

lalgma

iykufmela
hngings
inobuncinci
w
-phatbqla
portcry
eyiphinry2i?
(it.hings of clay) owuphi umbaa?
baskcts
-lngdsa
ed other goods
lngma tuzrrc
sp.nd (also,Rasle) Insd/ ihisa
hclp
ixabiso
drcsses
erbini
s*its
amkea
which onel
i[hk

JennJenryesfun thechanqi g moh.

Umncedisi Mm! Ufanelekil, Nkosikazi! Inde ka<hululoo lokhwel
lyar:ufnelL:unjlonje!
UJenny
Ewe, kodw ngthi inobuncici. Nceda, Nkosikazi,
ndiphthelenyeenuu kunale.
UMncedisi Kuungile, ndiz. kubon.Eyiphi isayizi?
UJnny
U36.
ItMsebeDzi Ungathandaowuphi umbla?
UJenny
Yiza nelubheluokanyeebomvu.
me assistantretumsu'ith a bBgersize.
LMncedisi Ngelishwa sinemhlophe nentsundu neluhlaza kuphela
kwisayizi yakho,Nkosikazi.
UJenny
Kulungile ke, ndiza kuingarisale mtsundu.
UJenny
Heke, indilingana twatr! Ndiza kuyithenga! Idla malid,
Nkosikazi?
UMncdisi Ukuba uthengailokwe nonbhinqo nnglihlisa ixbiso.
zizak]rdnaR225 zon .
Ujerny
Kungile. Ndizakuzithengazombinikodv'andqinisekang
ukubandinem eyaneleyo.UylarDlclaikhadi?
UL4ncedisi Sukuxlla.Nkosik^zi. Saml(laimali. itsheki nekadi.
UJeDny
Klungile kuba ndisafun ukutheng nzinye iznto
njengezodongre neengobozi,ngakumbinamaso.
UMncedisi Ursho ul(ui izihombiso-mzimba ezeziwe nseentsimbi.
Amasomkulu kunentsimbi,Nkosikazi!
UJenny
Kkade!Nditbele'
UMncedisi Ufuna Dtsimbi zini? Ezomqala okanye ezengalo?
Uyazithandazonaezamaqatha?
UJenny
Yho! Zonke zintle kakhuh! Kwakftona kuza L:ubanzima
kum ukukeal Jongayonke le mibala ngmiball
tlMncedisi Ktrlunsile, Nkosikazi, Iathaixeshalakho!

213

-d10
trboy
ycyoboya
lEscyibho$we

je*elery nad rron

izihrbh nzimba
neccn6inbl
b*d\
ho$ m(h a 1fl znz'we
niswhalnoney?) khulukd
iinhinbi
snaller tads
co$ n. eat)
ntsinbi nni?
wbat kind f beads
wol
bmqala (of e nect)
n4ke
it is oi the wool
ercngalo (of e am)
b.eel
beins of g@is.
ezrnqa(of e anN6 r

I Horo o ...
Mqflte,

dt sotnething

Tyhini! Khawujonge nje zonkeezi zillto znllel

Jonga yorte l ,ribl nge,nalal

Dlscuso sze
Eliphi isayizi?
Ngathi inorncinci / inor khul.
Ndtphthelq eny erikr u L:unle/ ye encci kunak.

. UNII4
XHOSA

214

Aak about colout ptefetence

Orphi l'lbl?
tltphi tbl?
Comprlfiteit

UfnelekilaI
lrtl kaklulu1oolokhrve!Iyiuf eakunjaonje!
Say something its uetl
Ilingnardtreyo!
Oet d discount

it works

l0 Unlt 9.4, you werc intoduced to the superltive pmnou:

oycn m|rtu 4lungilelo
lhe bsrtperson
eloDxshalungilelo
th be3t time
zyor,to / rd\o {ngile},
the best thing / place,etc.
Anolherway of expressinglhe superltive is by using kun- + emphatic

Uktruthele
kurbobonke.
Intle le lokiwe kuzo mke.

Ndingalthlisixbiso.

Uylamkelikhdi?

/How

215

I Supetlatioe and comlmtison

so.|meorre on theit appedtdnce

Ask thdt pdyment

IMPAHI.A
NZINO
YINOZAKWANU
ZSINU
UKUHNGA

is acceptoble

He / sheis the most diligent

of them l.
This is the nicest dressof
then ll

You can also expressit with ngphezukws- + -o*e:

Nditharda Ie milengalega
yodongagaphezukwento
yok,

I like ttesewall haryings best

of (things).

You calr makecomprisos by using 'kunJ = ' ,,. thn':

lokhwe ebomvuinkul
kunlokhwe emlophe.
Loo lokrhwe,.akulu kule.
Iingxowa yakrc ,kulu
kengaowaym.
Eyakrhoinkul keym.
wen unemlienitrzi k|mam.

The red dressis bigg thn the

That dessis bigger fhn this.
Your bag is bigge th my bag.

Youls is bisgr thn mine.

You hvemoe moneythan me
(I do).
UJeDnyunemlienitrzihmoPeier Jennyhasmorc moneylhan Peter.
Uchilha imali ninzi kuraye.
Shespendsmoe monythan he
does.
Anolhe way of expressingcompaisonis by using 'ngaphezu kws- =
'molt... ihan':
Ilokhwe entsundurulu
Thebow desss mor
trglphezu kweokhwe ebomvu. expe|laive
th|r theed one.
UJennyuchitheimali eninzi
Jennyspends
morcmoneythn
ngrphz koPeter
Peter

216
Sahambangphzukweeveki
ezimbini.

\F7|NOY \ O lAt WANU7r!\t!

Llflt tfrLNGaTMPaHLA

XHOSAUNII4
Wtsavelledfor mo thn tdo
weeks.

You cn souse '-ngcono kuna. = 'bette than':

I,o mgaqongconoknaowo.

Thisrcdis better than thl(rcad).

'njenga. is usedfor an eql comprison's ... s':

Ilol'lwe eboNu tdulu
njengenhopheI-oo loklwe idulu njeDgale.

The rcd dressis as exptrsivas

Thl dessis as expensiveas this
one).

Ixeshalam lhexabso
dengexeshlakoIxeshalam linexabiso
njengelakho.
Uneal.niDzi riengm.

My dmeis sprcciousasyor
me.
My timeis s3pciouss yous.

UJennyunonsbnziornin i
qimgoPetr.
sebenzkakhulu Djengye.

Jernyhass much work s Pete.

yoetibinii4l:lengaenga
odlrstii atls.ici
zozlbitri i:andla
,orrbini iainto

'much'

very / too much / so

It's too decious!

kaqka / ktrsko
Hayi sukutheakryk!

Don talk so much!

ktrgngoko
Thengakangatrgokounakho

as mrr as
Buy as much as you can.

Do you needm money?

both of us
both of you
both of them

both cutains
both eings
both hands
both things

Note:An expressionoften herdvJhensayinglha you: Ndibambangw

rozrblni. (lit. I hold with both (hands).)
Fom the last setof exmplesyou vril seetht theseforms consistof cass
concord+ o + adjectivalconcod+ numelstem-bii:

Comeas soonas you can.

sqith
Inencasagqia!

mu

so much so that
Shespeasit Qosa) lite a )osa
so much so tht shetechesit

hc conespondingforIs fo e noun clsses(oboly only e plu

re:
c1833S)

Kufunekandithenge?arc tapho I rcd to buy a few moe gifts.

To express's soon s' rkngDgoko' is sed:

very / much / vcry much

I lik it very much.

-nln i (adjective)
Uluna imali eninzi?

!oD4btnl
no4bini
bo4blni

Sheworks s mch s he does.

kkhul (adveb)
Ndiyayianda kall.

hod much?
How much moneydo you need?

Tho correspondingfoms for the lst nd 2nd pson plurl ae:

Youhaveasmu moneysme
(I do).

2 Vaous woyo of *pressing

-ngolananin?
ljluna imi engkn ?
kongangokub(conjunction)
Urietha njengomxhosa
lsXhoskngngokub
uyarifundis.

9 The Xhoso equioolent o Englsh 'both' (ofl

To exprcss' few morc' you canuse hy':

Yiza karrsinyakangalgoko
unalho,

217

!- + G. + a- +
+ ba- +
b-+o

-bini: sobbini
-bini: bo4bini
Tb cxpress,for exaple,'the thee of us, e four of you, the five of
lhG|', etc., numal stenrsg (adjectiveo reusedin the sameway:

sor4lhthu thethee of us
bo4bln efve ofthem
(abatw^n )

the fou of you

o44thandathu e six ofthen
(amooda)

nor4ne

218
4 More

XHOSA- UNIT14

posaessioe

odlectoea

ln Unit 2.8, you eamt that e posssiveadjectives of the 1 ard 2nd

persotrs G. ndpl.), i.e. 'my'; 'o'; 'your' follow the trouns ro whjch
they rcfe ndconsistof two pris (possessivecocord repesenring'ol
' whch chngesaccordingto e noun possessedand a secondelement
which doesnoi chanse):
tmli ]]am
r,rsebenzilrethn
,'mli.r'th
umsebenzirdkho
imli ]ho
imali ]rnu
The fomtion of possessiveadjectives of the 3rd pr{on (s. and pl.)
'his'/ 'he' 'its' / 'their' is qte simple wher 'his'/ 'her' 'its' refer ro
nounsof Classes1 and 'lheir' efeB to nounsof Clsses22:
r'Laya /1:m
lkhay lethu
ikhaya ldkho
fl<hya lerru

'his/her/its'
,rr,rsbenzi rdkh
lkhaya
lt]e
ufuso bakhe
(rwo* e.g.Motrsik4d) (is hme.g. {/Thelb) (itsfa@e.g.nopopl)
'their'
Kulung kahulu ukufunda
Ii is very good to leam
wimi zabanyeartu
the languagesof othe people
kub ngloondlela
becausein tht way
umfu uzuzaulw zi
a persongainsknowedge
ngemo-ndalo]abo*
of thei wav of life
nezithethezabo* nokub
andllrei4s$alqs nd what
bangabantuabluhloboluni na. so of peoplethey are.
*< emphaticpronoun'ratr' minus 'D' refeing to 'ar.zntu' .
r ct Unit 9.3.
Howeve,whenit comesto fomlting the possessivcadjective refering
to nounsof oth clssesit is litde morc chalengingbcauseof the many
possiblecombinarionsof posrssiveconcord andmphatic pmDon.
Do you remembIe idiom 'I/dlo\, ayisindwangmboko ndla'. (lit.
The elephnt is not burdenedby i8 tunk) i.e. No-one eve finds his
narualesponsibilitestoo burdmsome:
-yo

is the possessiveconcod of ',/mboko' (Class3)

< mfh'tic Plo|rouo eferdng to 'irn ou' (Class9)

N-lrNo YINo za(waNTUZF<INTU

lil(ullltNGAtMPArtA

219

6 Poccessioe pronouns 'mine', 'you'ls', etc.

ponous are fomed by prefxingd-, - or ,- to the
h! Dorrssive
p0||$vc sdjectives(cf. Uni2.8):
(Referig to)
Yous
Ous
llllrro
(rnyr / nbhinqo)
tiDrm
,yom
d[m

dym

dbakho
eyam
Phkho
dwl(ho
Pskho
Pzakho
?ylo
ezkho

ubthu
.ryethu
elethu

(;mrbhinqo)
(tkdi)
(lz'1l1kadi)

eyelhu
ezethu

Qsndla)
(izndl)
(;rokhwe)
(iilokhrv)

h lhol'mewayyoucanfom:
rwkhe

yous (p.)
his / hrs
theirs

6 More obout deopho.nes liziaekisozltJil

Yotl wee fir introdcedto is distinctivefeatureof the )(hosalanguge
ln Unla5. Ideophonesoccul not ony in e spokenbut alsoin the wdtten
lnguage.They canb used) mphsisenensityof colour ard a often
olom0opoeicto indcemovemen,action, state,sound.etc. They re
Itrhly rsedritb the verb 'ukuthi' which has no meaningof irs own bu1
i|nply marks e mood (i.e- indictive, impeative, subjunctive,
Nrtjcipil), tense, person, clss, numbet positive or negtive of the
Irdicare.$hile rheideophonecmie' rhemening.
Yithi rrl
rkuthitr
be silent
Ilanga ithe rrlrdk !
rkuthi rft{dd
djsppe
Umoywatil]nakd.
ukuthi irra"
calmdown
Kwlhi t ll matu.
ukuthi t
appearsuddeny
grb
wajika rmthi rlrri.
ukutN llart
Ndixakeke andinaxesha
ukuthir
sit down
lol:ulhi
Lttantlri'.
n:Naba.
lie vey stil

220

XHOSA- UNI ,I

Ideophonssooccur wi othe vebs in which casethe verb rerinsirs

original neningwhile e ideophone tunctionsas an dverb:
-bhka nAqo

go straight

-ntya ngqo

come strit bck

-thctha nqqo

talk straighout
standup straiglt
learnquicHy
fa[ fastas]eep

-timdaniAi
lla )oli
-phjlaqete

competelywe

IJI(UII]LNGAMPAHIANEZINOYINOZAKWANUZESINU
rho of mind

Bhek n8qd endlele.

Ababqanqa ngqo.

Ndllhe rqal

Thethni rlgqo.
nm nk4ol
Abantwanabaffrnd nqi.
Wall)oli.
Ndiphile q"tu ngoku.

NtJle qabul

Idophonesalso occul th dsciptives olher than colours:

be rclieved
riddnapperce / dispperance
suddenappeaance
8qr
He appearcdunery ectedy !
Ulhe8ql!
suddendi$ppeaance
me s\ su&lenb disappearcd.
llongalie rtinakl.

Iziqhmo zlthakrebheI
Iziqhmozitshiphu r?!

suddenappeace
He sudnenbappearcdl

r cf. Unit 13.

Someidophonsfunction as adves:
qqttut

very / too much

qh
qho
all

only
continually
t all
absolut
completey

lntle qgtr&ae lokhwe!

Anditll1sa npea.
Ndtun iokhve eye 4/t,.
In\ua ina qro namtlanje.
rd;lldga , phezolo(las night).
(t is arortb silent.i
I-emeleizele ithi tu ngamnzi.
(Thebucketis conpktu b tull of wter.)

Anothe{ ideophone for expessing'completely' is 'sict' usedmosrly in

the senseof 'to foget corrplerel)' :
Ithe stu.t kum

lh^d completelr fogoten.

Enkosingokurdikhumbza
sendilibefesici.

Thnksfor reminding ne,

Ih.d complctebrfogoarer.

posltioDsnd diEctios
z$)i
Nabr zl?i!

stretchedout
Lie stretchedoutl

straghtuP
Stnd up strdigtt!
'l'ho vividnessof ideophoes is wel illustrated when you comparethe
following two sentences.hey desoibe someoneunning into a hous,
$obbing a child, nnning ort to a c, getting to it and leaving:
Ylmankqol

Wabalekad)t.futudrl endlwini,
Vabalekawngenaendlwini
,'ldri umtwatra, gqi phandle,
wtha umntwanawaphum
ngqe,khatha emotwen|
baekawngenaemotweni
watsala!
Some ideophones ten fron Sitrdi\ve Mgo's autobio$aphy
KubanhtanoBabantwaurBdr" (CapeTown, David Philip, 1995):

very warm / excited

'uMhla weNkosi yayinsumhla

onocoselelo;uthe l,u yaya
koe. rp.26r
unglululang
ange
Thina bbeDg^z bya
n&,r kuTsoo-'(p.28)

icy (cold)
This water is ,.),!

On ChistmsDy every
'Ngola weKdsimesiwon'
chlld \roe bn$d riew
urmtwanawayenxibaimpa
yeKrisinesi,intshal/dca ...'(p.75) 'Chstmascloths'.

Ideophonescn be usedin many contexts10expss:

rmperufe
Lithi/zttu kwelangal
La rnzi abndc?fel

221

The Day ofthe Lord was a

caefi day; cored Gtait)
andorougblyi ar ease.
W hd nol err ben)
Tsolo.

222

XHOSA- UNIT]4

'Wndithlatr!.pi ubwo
rgonobngelawergxaki
endandikuyo.'(p. 8)

Ftherbega rntrrg at
what was t e root of my
ploblem.

'H ebhu hebhu ttT\embeka.

kdgekudalap hekhethe.
[...] Nbbantwanabaseklaya
royi, yoyi, )toyi, cun.' (p.236,

Thembekdo)rb drzed off till

finly shends o,rt like a cnde
o'e by orc, oJ,oJ,ol rey
went until they too ?,'.rdr.

'L ,l/d hm ithamsanqa

eljlulu eiam.'(p. 237)

My excdinggood foune
beganto dawn on me.
(li.lt bcameclear to Dethe
$eat fortune which wasmine.)

Cultural

background

B6adwork
Bodworkis oi iniesrolpod of hodrionolNsuni dress.Bsorerhe
inroduclon
o slossbeods{proboblyhst obioinedrom Portususe
explorers
ondtroderslnoturolmolriolwos
usedlondsrillisl:osfihess
shells,
seeds,horn,etc.Decooting
withbodshoso purpose
for beyond
mereonomnrolion
ond 'dressingup'. h oho Ae ouword rign o
sloionships
bhvenpeople,ir ,lolusin'ssociry,
thiroge goupos
wllos thriluolstorus
or spi tuolpowo dworerMessoges
woro
oflnlronsmir,.d
throushtheuseo voriouscolours,
colourcombinotions
ond mol'fs,(pcuho
b di{e,enr
resion3l,
e.g.thesmollrectongulor
'love
lett' (omophi.ol modeby ienosesils to Indicob6ei' love for o
Trudilionolly,
youngghk ondwomenmodebeodworkwitho portcuor
weorerin mind,bulolsoor tfiemselves
ondoer womn.Highlyp.ized
temsof beodwokwrhondeddo*n ommotherto dquohter
or were
modeby mothersfor doughters.
Aport ,om necklocesocelersond
onkletstfieyolsomodeoprons,collors,heodbonds
ond belts.
Nckloces
withmonyslingso beods,izidongo, wereusuolly
wornby
chiesondseniormenon crmoiol occosions.
Theboodedcollorworn
by NkonMondeloin is fomouspicturond e onewornby USvic
prcsidnr
Al Gor6 when he was grontedte honororymoyorship
of
Crossroods,
Cope Townin June 1997, orc colledomolhumbu or
ornocongqi.

ul(urHNq-l!4!4-N!z\IQ,YlNIq-24(W1!l!
4!!

223

09/06/98],

lcou.syrMoyibuyeCenrre)
Mrch o ihe badwork orcdued bdov core6 or e
tirult
is morl,ethdsleodtr chongsin desig",
'rdde.col@rcombinotiois. hesdleo beddwo
colours
ond
lo ftongls hosmeonto o grele. emosis is plfted
wlue thonon ih symbolicmeoning.'
on lh commercol
llith Aki@n.ktiol cokry la/%l

l.odr

or allo o inrsrol porr of rh rrodiriondl hedle'i dre55,

\capeArys,Is/01/971

pHow to apply it
I Completequestions

appropiately

Compelethe following qestions'ihicb you might aska shopkeeper

hy iling in thenissingobjectconcords:
(Lt)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c)

Nding_mn phi mcid?

Nding_fumn phi iingobozi?
Ndinga_furnn phi imibhinqo?
Uy_thengis iminqwazi? (dr,t
Uya-thengj sajzinxibo zakwaNtr?

XHOSA- UNI I4

(a) lvhi kind of texr is it?

(b) Wht is tle ctiveform of'-ho4!isw'?
(c) Fill in the coect form of the possessives:
ixbiso
nopopi: ixabiso _nqw (pl.);
ixabso
ngxowa
(d) Therere two nounsadoptdfiorn English.What ae they?
Rd the dialogue and answe queslions

B
A

Yiz ngnphukhethe.
Ndiysithndkkhulu isiombo sale. kodwa inzima ituu
gqith.Andinuyiphaa.
Uyithnd
njnjIe?
Inde. Ikhaphukhphu.Ndifuna le. Yimlini?
Yi-R250.00_
Yhu, idlu kakhuu.Undibiza ixabiso eliqhelekileyo?
Kakde.Zonke izin o zidulu hrle mihl.
Ungandibonisale isekoneni. Ndiyyithnd.Ilul kunale.
Isihombosayosille kanjalo.
Le itshiphu kunaleillzina.
Ndiza kuyithenganale incinaDe.Ulcubandithengezimbini uza
kulihlisa ixabiso kancinci?
Ewe, Nkostazi, nz kuliHisa nee 107a.
Ndiyabela. Athni anarabsozo?
R280.00.Nantoni enye?
Hayi, kulunge.
Harba kakulle Nkosikzi. Soboanakulo nyakauzayo.
Kulungie.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Uvelaphi unengi?
Kue zingekloizinxibo zawaNtu?
Umthengiuthengntoni endaweniyezirdbo?
Umengisi ulhs ixabiso ngepesentiengakanani?
Urthengi ufun ukubyelanini evenldle yezakvaNtu?

(You might needto const the )osa-Engtish vocabuary.)

List the clothes usually worn by men and women

A
B

Usede following wods: () ilokhwe, (b) iikawusi, (c) ibhatyi,

(d) ibhg.i yemvu,(e) umnqwazi,(D ihemp,(g) iqhina"
(h.)izibansu, (i) ibhlukwe, (j) ibhlarvuzi,0O isuti and () iqhiya.

2 A shop assisiant needs to know'which'

(a) Utuna_
umbala?
(b) utun-isafzi?
(c) Ufun
izonbiso-mzimb?
(d) Utuningobozi?
(e) Utunanacici?
3

Read text and answe the queslions

EZAKWANTU
Nntoni na eynziwengeentsimbi
SiziincutshezezakwaMu
Sithngs
iimpahla,
oonopopi,
iinqaw,
iingxowa,
imilengalenga
yodonga, iimagi ezihonjiswe ngntsimbi,amatsheyini
endondo,
iintsimbi
zomqla,
ezengalo,
ezamaqatha
njalo,njalo.
Kuphlasiowunele:Siza kukwnzelazonke izinto ngakumbi
zeentsimbiokanveke nqalhandlkweentsimbil

IMPAHI-A
NEZ|NOYINO ZAKWANTU
UKUIIlENGA
ZESINTU

B
B

Moo, Nkosikazi. Uthengiseizinbo zkwNtuna?

Hyi, ndilusizi. ziphelile. Ndizirtengisekahlu. Zifunw gqia
kue mihl.
Uyzi uz kuzifurana kwkhon?
Ngelishwaandazi.Mhla*mbi kule nyngaizayo.
Andizi kuba ko kule nyangizy. Ndiza kubuyela aphahio
nya uzayo.Andibl phUvel phi?
Ndivela eKapa.
Oo ndiyabon. Mhlawumbi ruho enye into oyinqwenelyo?
Sinazo izihombiso-rnzimbaezihle zakwaNtu. Sikwnzo
neendobonseendobozengoboziezintle.
Ndifuna iingobozi, enyeenkulunenyeencinci Doko.

ll

l
A
B
A
ll
A

B
D
B

Anba iimpahl eziph

XHOSA UNI ]4

KuDxitywntoni ngabfzi?

Buying a skir
Fi[ n e nissingeltveconcordsto descibewhatkiDdof ski
Nfuna umbhinqo_nanbal

IMPAHLA
YINTOZAKWANU
ZESIMU
NEZ]NTO
III(IJHENGA

Unmndkuna(h)
(c) Unenknikun(d) Ukhuthelekuna
(c) Unzimakuna-

lO Change the above compaisong in Exercbe 9 sing

'nJenga-'

_ninzi.

(r)

(b) Nthand ambala_qqambieyo.

(b)

Andithandi mibhinqo_fu tshanegqitha.

(d) Zngendilhengembhinqo_dulu
gqith,kodwa andithengi
mibhiDqa_tshiph
knjo-Ndithandiimpala zempawu
(-hle;of goodqulity).
Fill in e relve concords:
(a) Ndicinsa ul:ubaibla\uzi_mophe ihmbkauhle
nombhinqo_mnyma okny_l.z
a?
(b) Ucngukuble okwe _bomvu
ihmbakakuhenebhatyi
_nasund?
(c) Ancingi ul:ubezi zihangu_lbheu
kho (your)
pinld!
ziyambnebhulukwe
Use the comprtiv

or superlative

(d)
(c)

ll

What gos with what?

and say

(a) Ndianda intsmbi zomqlng

L:wazo-onte izombiso-mzimb.
(b) Ndicing ukubale yeyonangobozi_ungileyo.
(c) Zhle ezi zihlangukun-onke.
(d) L lokrhwe_nde _luhaz njengengcaidulu hrna
-luhlaz njengesibhkabha.

Characrerisepeople by comparing then to certain anitnals

(lion),indlonl
tJseis list ihlosi(leopad),inyosiOee),ingonyana
(clcphant),
undlebende
< indlebe= ear+ de= lonc (donker.

Read tlre text and aswer the qestions

Ulindiwe Mabuza nsonye (a) wanabhinqa anempumelelo
(b) ebomid. Ungumyili nomttunsi weenpal'laophambili.Ungunnini
weFashionDessn Stuiio. lgama lkhe laziwa gqitha kwezefshoni
kweli (c) naphesheya.Nso-r995 (d) wmenyw ukub mele
uMzantsi-Aik Kwi'S n Eumpa Fashon Show' ePflis. Abnn
baseFmnce baziand gqia iimphl zkh. Ungunlawuti
elnqrnnn yeLindi'e Acadent of Faion Dsign. Utundisa
abathungiabkhasayo(who re sI noces t. stil qawling).
Ulindiwe ui (e) uyifimene impumeelongerxayabantwanabalhe
ebebesoloko
bmlthz.llkloelwa ukuba'Xa ufundisauDntwnautundisaitzwe, xa uryebisibhinq4 utyebisihlabthi.'
(4,

Whatis anoerwod fo ifrhinqa?You old knowiis devation.

(b) ebomini is a locative. What is the basicnoun?

G)

Which wod could yo inset hee?

(0

What is e iDfiritive?
Find ihe fou copulstive forms and the thee object concsrds
in the texl

(d) What tu the aclive of this passivefonn?

IINKAHAZO
ZOHAMHO

r 5l

Iinkathazo zohamho
Trauelwoes

In this Unit you l,/dittteotn ho to].

I
I
I
I
!
I
I

skfor ndgive diections

askbut ad descibe road conditions
offer someonea lift
expessirittion at oneself
expessgrtitudat someone'sfortuitous arival / pesence
sy what is wong with your car
mae anangementsfo car repairs

tr Incoko
tr

After makingeir prchasesJennyadPeterrcsumeeijomey but gel

lost and sk a pssebyfo diections.
UPete
Umhanbi
UPeter

Uanb
UPeter
Ummbi

UPtr
Urambi
UPeter
Unanbi

Molo tata,kunji?
Molv/eni. Hayi, ndisatotoba"mfo wam!
Ungasinceda,bawo? SilHekile. lngaba le yindlel ey
engcwabmi likasaDdile?
Hayi, nihambangendlelaengeyiyo
Sizakuyibambaphi ke ngoku eyiyo?
Buyani umva ngalo mgaqo nize ngawo. Nakufika
kwisiphambuka sokuqala, nilndele indlela ysekoho.
Bmva koko, hamba]trngqo. Emva kwekhilomitha niza
kubonaisalathisoesii 'trAcv'alten kasandile' .
Injani indlela?Yindlela yea?
Hayi.yindlelayegmbile.
Enyeinto,ililorgoloo!KuRoenyeindela
aphangaselorneDe
eh.shehmyo.Ngeshwa
ayiltrrgnga"
Enosi kallu, tata, sincedile. Kanene, uya phi, tata?
lngabasingalukiwelisa?
layi entosi, ndilinde idombi yam apha.

'I htr [olow the shofter rcall atul h. e a puncturc!

I I l'c1or

Nx! Ivii ngebelingagqabhukanga

ukubabenatbe umgaqo

tjlcnny

Kusolokokulula ukuqondaenvakwesiongl

l.tttkil! a passngmotoist stopsto Biveassistance.

tj'nqhubi Molweni, yinoi umonakalo?Ndingninceda?
Moo Munzna.Ngathiivili lamgqabhile. Ungandibolek
tjPcle
ujack?Ngeshwaowan utherlrdka!
tjmqhubi Hyi, ilishwa! Linda unzuzwana.nz kunhupha ja.k
ebhulhini.Linomoya ivili lolaleliso?
UPcter
Ngethamsanqandilimpompeizolol
Thegooll Sannntun helpsPeter changethe tyrc.

UJcnny Kwekhu.tshotshoufrke.Mluj]],zarcl
UPoter Inenel Knbe ke, Mnunzana, ingaba ikona igaji
ekutshane? Ndiyoyik ngatti siza h]phelelw petroli
kmsinyane.Andiyiqondi le nto L:ubandiyizalisezo1oitDk!
Umqhubi Ingabakukho unngxuma etaDtini? Uyazi, yenzekul loo
nto ezindlele zasemaphandlenil
Masikngele!
[JPerer Ool ilishwal Uryanisile! lnene, klo umngxunyn
ongange-eyisi! Sizakuthin?
Umqhubi Hayi. rfonni, sukuxhala. Ukuba unyo isepha, ndiza
kulrrvinsca. Emva koko, ungqhubuye egrji.
LjPeter
lsajiiL:udekangakanani?
Umqhubi ll:ufuphi,ndilandele.
trPeter
Nangamso,Mn]umzana.Ineneusicedilel
Whenther rcach the gnge Perer exprcsseshir grctitude agaih The)
anSe naflEt a d adlrcsses b.fore taking le@e of each other Pter
th?narnnges for thepetml tank to be epaired.
tjmkhandi Molo, ndinskuncedangantoni,Mnnzna?
tiPeter
Molo, Mnulnzna.Ngeishwkukho mngxnyanakwitanki
yepeoli yam. Ungyiungiskwngoku?
Unkhandi Eh, nnomsebenziomninzi kodw diza kuzma.
(JPeter
Oo ndyabuela.KuzkuththjxesbaelingakananiukweDza
loo nto?
tjmkhandi Mm, mrndibone,malungneeyueezimbini.

230

XHOSA
- UNIT15

UPete
Ungandixelela,uza kubiza malini 10msebenzi?
Umnandi Kunzima ukutshoknye,Mnumzna.MalunganeR350
LlPete
Kungile, Mnunzn. Masiyishiye ke imoto. Sobonn

ZOHAMHO
IINKATHAZO
Atk about

and

231

desctibe

,'oad conditiona

ldoni i' t?
llungiLr.
l,nbi.
Ayituganga.
Yrrleh yetha.
Yi dlel yegrabile.
lrdlela ilisongoolo.
ts dlela ekutshan.
lldlela kude kkhrlu.

Isigama

Oflet someone a lilt

SingaILreisa?

Exprcss iitqtion

qt oneset

NxlNxl
n\ qintinlite a milipedesi ku''?

Exptess gt'dtltde at someone'a lortuitous

qfildl/

ptesence

Kyektu, tshotshoike!
Ky',khu,tshotshobkho!

mva kresilhongier d venL

isionsa
lod bang/ to
umomkalo
tloub / darg

Say uhat

N Hou to ...
Ask for ond gioe dtrections
Igaba leJindlel dy

,l

Sizku)tbmba phi ke tnallelaeya e_

Uxolo ndineafrklelnjatri e

Elambni ngqo.
Nihambakwtriphambuk so,hrq.Is, nilndelg irdela ysekunene.
Buynt umva ngalo mgaqo.
Uphtse uffks! (You'e ely thee!)

is l1dto.ng @ith vout

cdt'

Ingathikukho nmgxum?tki yepetmli.

/moto yam yaphkil.
/moto yam iingtu Gtuck).
,moto yam d)tqhdthi (won st).
lmoto ym iluo anarzi.
lmoto yam iphlelue J,ptoli.
Izibg'ie azkebezi
lbheti yemoto yam iflthi.
Make anongements

obout

cor tepoits

Unga)tlngisaks,angoku?
Kuzkuthatha risha slingrksDsDi uku)tlugis?
Ungal sala imoto yam? (tow)
Uza kuda malini lo ,Bebend?
Uza L-uxabisrmslini lo ,rsbemi?

232

XHOsA
- UN I5

7 c,or[dtionot conat 'uctions

Simple conditional clause:
You ae alreadyfamiliar wi e simple conalitionI clus irtroduced

UnfIfiled

We'll saveme if we take is

gavel road.

past condition

In orderto exprcss'... would (not) hve ..., if ...'you usengb(past

lnseof ng- andb) + L:ubfollowed by the pacipil ending i -e:
Ivili ngebelingsgqabhukng wouliln't hve had punctue
ukuba bendithatheindlela yeih. if I hd ien the tar road.
Ngebeslhlekil ukb
ubDgrrtonisngindlela.

We would have got ost if

you hdn't shownllJ the wa

Theseiorms canbe contractedto:

Ngelingagqabhukangs. . .
Ngesilalekil . . .

2 Neg.|tioe lo/'ns urith angaj o,'',d'-'nge:

Snrry of wherc '-trgar is sedto folm the negtive:
Ifinitive
Zama ukutrgqhbiebusuku.Try not to ihive at night.
Subjunctive Ung"rrthai 4/rgaqo wegbile.You shouldnot take e
gravel road.
P.ticipid
Retive

233

) Scc Unit 6.3, Unit 6,5 and Unit 7.3 for resion of othe neqive
toDstructiors.

S Horl it uorks

Sizakonga Gokonga)xesh
ukub sithth10mgqo
vegrabie.

IINKAHMOZOHAMHO

Vr'ahambaengai ndlela yetha.(lit. He left not taking

the ta road.)
Ncedaulungiset bane zzibgesebenzilo.Pleaserepai rhe
ts that ae trot working-

'lhe Degtiveinfix -nge-'is usedwith reltive stems:

lvili ltngenamoy (lit. wheet&.rthasno pesswe) = lt ,e
(lii. the od rldt is not il) = rvoDg oad
idlel .rngeiyo
I ct Unit 11.2- copulveof shoaened
emphatic pronolrn.
g

Hot4, to exptesst 'I orn not', 'you ate not', 'we

dte not', 'he / she is not', 'they ate not' + not/
(coprae)

The negtiveof de copulativ construction is fomed fiom e negtive

8C + copltive -rg- + a + prelix minus initil vol{l:
I am gall an experienceddrive.
We e [q]! experienceddrivers,
You e EE! a bad ilriver.
You e !o! experienceddrives.
He /she is lot a good divr.
Thy r Iq! good divers.
']{i'cn replcethe negativeSC in an impersonalstatement:
ntgomqhulti unamava.
rtrsobdqhbi bnva.
hrrgornqhbi mbi.
r,ngqdqhubi bnamava.
qhubi ulngileyo.
drr8etn
arrgqaqhbib.lungileyo.
/$tgangaqo ulungile)o.
,riyanigaqoilungilelo .
rt qcbolile eo.
risasibhedlelesikhulu.
riandlef ilungilelo.

It r's,lot a good road.

They drs ,lrt goodroads.
It is no a good idea.
It ir n"r a big hospitI.
tts not agoodo d.

4 Hola, to exptess 'tt is not me' / 'wu' / 'us', etc.

'ful'- is alsoprefixed to e copulativeof mphatic pmnouns to form lhe
nogtive(ct Uit 11r). Look at ese positivesndnegativesl
Asindin.

I is meIt ie rat me.

strhi.
rtrtthi.

It tr usIt is rot w.
It ir yo (s.).
Itin you G.).

234

XHOSA UNI 15

r'ini,4-rntni.

It tr yo. (p.)
Ir r rot you. (pl.)

x8ye. ('"qhubi)
As gaye.

It ir him / hr.
It is no him / he-

xsdbo. (aaqhbi)
Asingaho.

It ,.rthem.
It r no them.

Ngavto.(ng .lo)

It rr it.
It rra it, etc.

ryo. (t dll)
,4riliyo.

It is il etc.
t is rr it, elc.

ZOHAMHO
IINKAHAzO
Not: In co[oqal spehe rcgtiv folm of descriptives(adjeclives
undelatives)will often be headendingin - ga':
UmE Ettawuu.hlsg.
Imigaqo ayiz]/.tshrg^.
/ndlel alir4bnga.
line| aziu,hary .
,t shush!nga namhlanje.

6 Inteogatine qdjectoe rni?' = 'of ruhat sot / l'1,d?'

This constructiony be used with rcferenceto new-bom babies and
limals to fhd out whetherthev arc male or femle:

5 Negotoe lotms o descfiptioe'

Ufun mrrand nni?

In Unit 8,1, you saw t simply Fefixing the subject concod to the
elative stemfonns the pedicate:

Unda
Uk1ea
Utun
Ukheth
Ukhelha

Ndilusizi, ,moto yam imdak.

I am sory, my cr is dity.

To forD the negative,simply pelx the negative subjct cocod:

Umgqoawub'nri.
Img qo q'bsnzi.
Indlela alibzi.
rrdlel dzibzi.

The
The
The
The

od ir Mt wide.
ods dru not wide.
oad t ot vide.
oads dr nrt wide.

Negtive forns of djectival stms (cf. Unit 8.1), however,must inffx

the C betweenthe negtive subjt cotrcod ndthe arljectil stem:
Ungla.to tl,hle.
Ung qo awuryhle.
Imigrjo mith.
Imtg]oayDlitsha.
Indl ,"rbi.
lndlela alizrbi.
findll zirrbi.
Iinel^ aziah
lthiso rincinci.
rthiso drlqncfuci.

The rod ir good.

The road ir rot good.
The rcdsdr |lot nr,
The oad ir bsd.
The oad rs n t bd.
The rcadsdr bd.
The rcadsdr ,rot bd.
The sign rr s.
The sign |J rot smI.

The oad tr na. good.

The odsare uo new.
The rod 6 not bad.
The rodsa," nat badIt ir nr hot today.

Inl(wenl(rveokanyeintombazana?

,lntu
rrsbenzi
phepha
riqhamo
rja
Wenza
tfthetha
Ukhetha

handa l'ntu
bjril
4ni1
Llkheth n,tuno
4ni?
utni?
Ufna
maso
lini?
Usn?
Ufuna
ztqhmo ini?
!rni?
ni?
Uthand rlngobozi* iini?
lthmbo* (execise)&ni?
t]'wl+ (alcohol)ani?
hdy
futi1
you can see the iritil vowel of the pfix of e noun hs been
^fl
omitted
ndils coresponding adjectivalconcodis Felxed to '-ni' .
*Note: the reppeamnce
of the consonantassociatedwi nounsof Css
l0 (z), Clsss 11 (D and Clss 14 ().
Nole lso: This occrsin the loctive in Clsss10 and 11:
d/l / ar e motrtins
iirdlela

> e4ineleri
at plces

iirdonga

> ezndogeni

doDgta

> eludoigeni

XHOSA- UNIT]5

7 Exclamations
Thee re numberof fteqently sedexclamationsn Xhosawhich add
:pice ro e language.
Heree \omeexamples:
l-i...1/ish!
Nxa!
Nx!

Co away! You tire me out!

Damnl
Dannl

Nakoke!

Thee you re!

Comfo
Ngxesii!

l,et me kiss it bttel (to a child)

Compassion
Yehl
Torho!/Tohwana
Congtulatiols
HI
Huntshu!

I'm sorry!
Oh dear!
Shamel(cf. Anikans 'tog')
Hurrah!
Hurl

Emphtic aflimtio
E-e!
Hay kel
Hekel
Ngxtshoke!

Yesl
Sure!
vr'e rhenl
Excellentl / To the point!

Emphatic negtio
Hyi bo!
Hayi khona!

No wayl
Absoutelynot!

Pin
Shu!

Ouch!

Rglt
OwuI
Ngxe!
Hay ilishwa!

Aasl
Sorr/l
Oh dear!

237

ZOHAMHO
IINKATHAZO

Rollef
QbuI
Kweku, tshorshofikel
Surpse, astonishmenf
(Oo / Awu) Nkosi ym!
Yho!/Yhu!
Tyhini!
Tyho!TYhu!
Kwowul
Mwo!
Nyhni!
Kazil

De I-ord!
Geewhizzl
Gosh!
Goodhevens!
ohl
My! / Wonderfull
Relly!
I wonder!

Wrrni|rg
Heyi ... heyi ... heyi
(adifuni loo nto)

(accompanlng gestureof
shakingone's finser at a peson)

pHow to apply it
I

Match the road sigDs with e English equivalent

The eqvalentse: () Dangercuscuve, (b) Deadend,(c) Caution,
(d) Roadclosed,(e) No ovetaking,(f) Do not enter,(g) Roadworks
ahead,(h) Rodflooded, (i) Energency exit nd (j) Drive caretully.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0

Indlla iyaphela
Indeaivaiwe
Indlela iyalmgiswa phambfi
Igopheeliyingozi
Qhbakakul e
Eyakuphmangesiquphe
Luka
Unganse
Indlela isqurywe ngamaDzi
Ungayigqii enyeimoto

XHOSA- UNITI5

ZOHAMHO
IINKAHAZO

Ask e condttion o the oad

6 Ask or the neaest

Is the rcad good?Ingba

Is the rcad sfe?
Is it a ta road?
(d) Is it a gavel road?
(e) Is the oad stll under costructon?
(0 Is the rod leadyopento aafic? Ingaba
L:wizilhuthu?

()
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

o)

You ae lost in a tou,rr and a9k a passerby o dictions

(^) Excaseme sx Couli.vou help ne? I am lost.
Ufuna ul:uyphi?

Indawoni
Sindawoni
Sindawoni
Indawoni
Undawoni
Indwoni
Indawoni

to give you a lift

Unsa
Tn o ,
to help you
10lend you ajck
Ursa
to showyou the way to
IIn r ,
Gahmstown

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Kulungie. Hambakakuhle.
(d) Thankwuyen nuch. six Goodbye.

1
7

(0

The ghts are not working.

Izibane-sebenzi.
The hooteris not working.
Uphondo-sebenz|
The hndhake is not working. lbhreki -sndl -sebenzi.
The fan belt is blken.
ffebelti -seben.
The windscrcenwipr is
lsil ambi -fesrile
not working.
-ngaphmbili
-sebenzi
My left rcar lisht is not woking. Isibanesm-ngasemva

Complete e quections

sekoHo

sebeDzi.

What can be wrong with you car?

_m phi iiteksi?
_kon iibhasi _J eRini?
(c) Kuko ibhasi Ja eRhini naDhlanje?
(d) _Jhi sikululo _bhasi?
_ma phi ibhasi_Ja esirishid?
teksi _nqabile n ku
ndawo?

o)

(a) I havea flt llre.

O) My nght font tyre is flat.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(D
(g)
(h)
(i)

(o

5 Ask

E ell the mechanic what's $rong urith you cr

allJefr.

(a) _khona
(b)

kufutshane?
L:ufutshane?
kututshane?
hrtshane?
krtshane?
_kufttshane?
_k]tutshane?

Ask somebody
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(b) I want to so to a shoa!,laLtuntu Cra|ts. Do rou know i1

Ewe, nyy^zi. Ikufutshanekakulu x aph- Ndiz
hucacisela indlela. Hambngqo. Ekoned yokuqataujite
ngasehnene-Uza kudlul ezinyeiiveile. Ekoneni elandetyo
ecalenilsekhoblouza kubonaivenkile yezaKwantu.
Ungandaukubandilokphe?
(c) No. tha k vu. I understandwh?rctolnd the shop,lr r@
wr near indeed. First I go strught. then nptu and thenI must

shop
hospital
police ston
phoe
docto
petol station
place('dorp')

(a gaage)endleleni?
(a shop)endleleni?
isilululo smaDolisa
enalleleni?

,a'

My car hsboken down.

My car is stuck.
My ca won't sta.
It needswte.
It hasrun out ofpetrol.
My car batteryis flat.
My ca nust be towed.

Ndin vi -nsen-moya.
vili
m
nsaphambili
sekunene flethi.
Imoto m aphukile.
lmoto -m -xingile.
lmoto -m -qhwithi.
funa anazi.
-phelelwe __jetroli.
Ibhetri -noto -r -file.
Kutunekimoto -m _tslwe.

XHOSA- UN]T]5

t l

lO What has been stolen?

(a) Imolo yan _biwe.
(b) ujck m _biwe.
(c) Ii mlolaleliso biwe.
(d) Isipaji (wallet) _rn
biwe.
(e) Ingxowa_nkoskazi
m _biwe.
11 Rad the dialogu and answe the qestios
A

A
B

Uxoo, Mnunzna, ungandixelelakuba kuhde kngakana

ukuskaaphaukuy ecala? Kukude kakhulu?
Hal, akukude.Kukufuphi.
Ziknilomea ezingphi?
Ndicinga ukubamunganeekhiornettaezilishumi.
Ingabaindlel nde?
Ayimbi gqi, kodwa ayindeknjlo.
Asiyondlelaye?
Hyi, singorngaqowea, ngumgqo wegrabile kodw
ngethamsnq
awuDinw,ubnzinoko.
Kulunge. Phambikol:uy ecala singaandokubukaidolophu
yakho kancinci. Unokusixeeaphokrklo indwo ekhuseekilc
yokumisaimoto?
Ewe i1on. Hamba nsqo, kwisiphanbukesilandelayoujike
ngasekoho uza kubona ibala lokupaka eikhrlu
elilusehleyo ecaenisekunene.
Etrkosikkhuu,Mnumzn.
Ndlela nde.

()
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0

Unqhubi ufuna ul:uy phj?

Ziililonia ezingaphikuya apho?
Injani indlel?
Yindlel ni?
Kueni umqhubietunaidawo yokumisaimoto yake?
Utun ukupakaimoto yhe ndawoni?

B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A

Umzila welifa likaXhosa

^nosa

nerttaoe tratl

ln this Unit you uill learlr how to:

I
I
I
I

mk boutsolneone'sholiday
sk wherc someonewent
descibetrvel oute
expessdetit

lncoko
The Mulmys discusstheir recenttrip with the Thamsanqas.
UThemba Belinjani i}etu lenu endftose? Nibe nohamboolumyo?
UPeter
BelungummaDgaliso
nngona besineenkthazo
zemoto
ezimbalwa kodwa ngethamsnqa sancedwa ngabantu
abnobubelesqial
UThandi Heke, nsesiqhelokunjalo ke emaphandleni.Knene,beniye
phi kanye?
UJenny SiluqaleukheDtetholwethu ePddie.ul:ususelakwiitsuku
zm zol:ufunda isixhosa e]'univesid, soloko ndafun
ukuryelel iindawo zemb yamaxhos eMpuma-Koloni.
Knene,ntoni'iPeddie' ngesixosa? Ndilibe.
UThandi YiNgqushw, wethu!
LJJenny Oo, ewe, knene. Heke, siye eNgqushra kub besinrn
ukubukl mthi wodumo- umthi won4'drlu. Emvkoko,
sasing eQonce kwmruzym yeKffrn apho kuko
kon inLith yezinto zkwNn ezid umdl khulu.
Emv L:wemini say kwihay liStv Biko. Sabona
.:wnendwo
phowfibw kuyo.
Ngemini endeyo,yekoko ukusinga kuBelekazna:
UPete
sihambengokugwegweleza
sadlulkuQoboqobosayakutsbo
kurnmndlwAmlinde.

XHOSA.
UNIT
I

Utenb

Oo Amlhrde! Niyzi, kuapho kwaliwa khon elinye

amdbiamabikwimb yamaxhosa.+
UJenny
Kakde! Lidabi elo elixelwa kumbongo kJolobe
' UThthula', * outy\rcmibongo yethu elunivesitbi.
Uhemb Wonke urmandl low ngasezintabezmathol uzele
TiiDda$o lembali ymX'o\a.Kho iirdwo e/ininrr
ezithiywe ngaraklosimRharhbe.
UPeer
Unyanisile. Sidlule dam litasndile kwaye sibone
nengcwabalikNgqika endlele eya ?Dikeri.
UPeie
EDikeni sibe nomdakakhulu ukuryelelilovedl Colege
nYunivsithi yaseFort Hre apho uNelson Mandel
wayengunftndi k}onkunyenezinyeiintokeli zananllanje.
UJenny
Mn4 disand' ukufimdaincwa The OchrcPeople ebhal.ute
nguNoni Jbaru. Ngoko ke bendifunkaihulu uh]ana
urrzi kyise, Pmfes Jbvu, owye ala exesi x
wayenguprofesweelwimi zakwaNtu eFort Hre. ngab
nina nakhenyfunda le ncwadi?
UThadi Ewe. UNotri Jabavu ubhalakkullekulu. atshoububone
ubuhle balo mmandla.Enye into uzoba rnfanekisoonhte
xsep.254for histo.icalcntxt

UKAXHOSA
IMIILA WEIIFA
ngemo-ndalo nzithethe zamtcos ngaloo mxesha.
Niyfundle kanjlo enyeinc\\radiyale tDrawn in Cobun
Ulcnny Ewe, ndthiknenewaqlangayo?
t'hcrDbaNwxfumnk u\zi kJabar'?
Ulunny Hayi, ngelshwaasibnganmpumelelo!
lllhondi Nsingphi emvkoko?
SahkuBelekazna intsuku ezimbln. Yhol Ubbe
Ultter
baloo mmndl buqaqambie.Uxoo oulapho! Nol:uzoll
Amahlathi elo zwe neengxangxasiezxhoms'mehlo,
neentaka ezindobo-ntlobo nentsholo y^zo zizinto
ezingmngliso
ukuzibon!
,'
Bekhrhel
exhukvane
kttwe.Pete.wenamniu wendo!
Uhcmba
Yitsho
upbindel
yo
loo
nto sigqibesiilalaphyazonkeezo
UPotcr
ntsuku.
uJcnny Indawo elandelayoesityelelakuyo ibiyicutl. Besituna
ukubona ingcwaba likasndile kodwa salablekasncama.
Sai msilandeL:umlondowaknekodlvasaphelelwalixeshat)Pcrcr Ngemni elandelyo, sasinga eMtt. Endleleni, sicande
ndlelo nhle, iintomo neegshahe gqa gqa Sqr
emadambekeniuhdlula koomaQuft, noomaccuw,
nooDytra. Sinjniukunqq/enelaukuryelelaiQunu apho
w^zlelwHon uNelsonMnde. Ngelishwa,ilaya elo
akhelobuntwnlisekhokodw siseklosonaisikolo sLe.

XHOSA- UNI I1

UThemba Nibe nalo ixeshlokuy elunxwemeni?

lJPeter
Kakade!Silale eMzimrubu iinsku zntathu.hdo rph(j
Iinduli ezihlaukuyeunxwemeni,
manqugwl
nmarinri
ombona!Inene ;ltilr" Irr ntonbazanakwelol

Wl1FAUKAXHOSA

llM/
^

ldgoma

[nrll'i *oDqNlshu
ihi o / ku
.qrc
tryriry
llllsn
r|'ln sIhsa

nikwoodree
hador
to KI
bhidden.
i.e bried
whcrchc
sas buried

kyo

Courl,sy
V Bulpin
UThemba Hyi, rfov'/eu, utshondaneklwele!
UJenDy
Bndlele eyaeMzimrbu sidlule iveDile yngphandle
ykudalael,ibod. Yndif,1umbuza
isincoko sikaJolobe
'Iyenkle Yangaphandle'.Kodwa eyona ndwo ebesirna
ul(uyaL:uyokusecl.
UThandi Nibizrva yinroni ecla?
UJeny
Besimenywengabhlobobu.
IlThndi
Nenzantoni ke apho?
UJeDny
Sithabathe inxaxheba ebomini beribla ngemihta. Yaye,
ububele esibufumene kubantu balapho buyamangalis.
Ngorhaty singqonge umlilo siphlaphule iinrsomi
njngemihayL:udala!

anina hasbon slaghtcid at Xhrksm.

'lir
^n
huk*an in e Middldilt disnic waskown asa rcsidcntialarcshcrc tie people
livcd in dirc polciy dd whcrc Dct rs my. wncl' thercfor, anyonesloushlered
r lEr it wascausefo reioics for all ihe inbabilruis. Th sayjngrvascoined by
^,C,
lornn Insquhbo v.hinjaryd (The tvzr, of ,rd n..Jr,6): 'Kwakuxhlwc
txluksan tDeindawo asakubonansai zini nga(uz$liMina. (Dinsindaro
wN detd lo seeat lhe lablesseG tumins on Zwefinzna.)

uM?lLwltrf4!!{4M!4
gJiprc''o delight

XHOSA- UN]TI

hill

iscoko
erlw (4ra)

essay
be jnvikd

-ryqong
unnib
inhoni
njengenila
yJkudala

6re
foke
like days
or old

lEow

Horo o ...
Ask about

sorneohe's

dlr,fr,lnngliso !
l/rNo haloomrrnda buqqmbileI
lnhlo npho!
tlkurih! Lw'exhuh,ana h)mt
llh ,( rntonbaena!
r{rltfthi elo v neengtargxasiezxhoms'anehlol
,lfl ltkn s?intlobo-ntlobo nenls}l.oloyzn zi.into eaitglrmgliso
ruluribonl
t/rtrhole rt,frrmnkrl'nt blphobuyamngalisa.

I How to exptess'aho' /'whom' in retotioe ctauses

holidag

l,0ok rlt this vese ftom 'Uo EDdimthandyo' a poem by Sanuel

BdwdKune Mqhayi ftom the aj..thologyIndyeboYesihobe.
IUMIIO ENUMTIIANDAYO
AFELLOW WHOM I LIXE (HIA4)
I like a feltow r, wes often,
Ndhlnd' umf' ohlmbatui.
I like a fellow vrto stues often,
Ndithsnd'umf' o/undalrthi,
I like a fellow vo cultivtesoften,
Nilllhdnd' umf' olma futhi,
I like a fellow ,'o kneelsol-ten,
Ndithand'umf' ,guqa furhi,
Thaa'se felow t on I ike.
N nko k'umf' endinandal,r.'

Belinjani tkhetu lakho / lenu?

lbinjaDi olide yklo / yenr?
BDibenohmbo drmyoli?
Ask uhete

someone

ueht

Ubq/e phi knye?

D[iJrp kanye?
Nibe nalo txshlohy &nxwme,t?
Nenzantoni ke apho?
Say how ond ahere

it works

Nolc e dffdence between'Ndithand'umfo qhlamba futhi.' (I like tte

[m ULq washesoften.) nd 'Nnto k' umf'4diathtrdaJa. '(Tht's the
monvt o', I like- (nm))

gou went

rDlo o- ... = lit. felowtet, ...

Silrqale,kheDkethowerh]oe-.../ ka-...
Bsqifuna ukubukel ...
Emvkoko sasingr-... /,t"-.-.
Ngeminidndelalo,yekokousing.r-.../ t -...
Ngemini?lndl], ssirgse-.../ ku-...
Sihmbr ngokugrgwelezsadlua
/,td-.-.
"-...
Salal r'... / irr-...tiritsukuczimblw.
1'dawo elndy, ?sityeleleku)d-ibiyi...
Endlelcni si.nde amadleloahalig.

llrc e rcltive concod o- corntsthe noun 'rntfo' to e pedicate!

hlomba'of the rclative cluse.
umf' ?ndimhndrr,= r tehon llike hin
ller e ltive concord s- pefixed to '-ndi'' = 't t nt I' introducesthe
rchtive clusewhich is completedby the object concord '-m: ='him'.
llcre a someotherexamplesof reltives clusasl'i object concords
which you hvemet in e Feceding units:
Ningfkayonke into
enj]iqokeleleyo
kwezi ngxow.

a,

Youcanputverything
,rrd,youhvecollecd(t,
into thesebags.(Unit9)

248

_ U N I ]
X H OS A

Into endingtr'tthandilo
kukusebenziiyure ezinzi.
Enye no al,inqwenel)o?

The thing ttrat I do not ike (r)

is to wok may houIs. (Unir 10)
Somerhingeselrra you
want (it)? (rnit 14)

,ndi- whoml/tI
o- whom yo / that you (s-)

?si- whom we / that we

sni- whom you / rt you (pl.)

I KAXHOSA
I]MIIIA WEUFA
ltn,lnDor -!- is infiled in locatives:
on the hills nd slopes
crir uldni nr-erraambekeri
Wllh vorhs: secondveb endsin e (ct nit 8.2).
yayeor kwye:
clauses:
Conn!ting
Kuogenwasimalayaye
kuhnjwa simahla.

]r' marks a reltive clause(cf. Unit 6,2).

If he ve is followed by 'r-'/ 'nga ' o 'kur e shofend emphstic
ponou[ is addedin which casethereis no object concord:

Freentance 8nd ree transpo.

(lit. lt is fteely enieredand
1eelygone.)

ll gummary of the use o the emphdtlc pronoun

nso-

Lo nsuPhunlaendisebenza
!q/. (Unit 9)
Ndiziboniseindlel ezizako la 4ged ehotele.(Unit 10)
Thumelaiireferensiezintathubantuesinohrqhkanshelna
\ao
ku... Unit 10)

Abc. p.
Ab!. p. b.pr.
h s ne otxllwirh ne

2 How to exress 'anybodg', 'a.nythlng', 'any time',

'anywhete', etc.

ku
bs. p.

ngo ri

kurii

ngdye

k,,y.

2hd

nabani (na) = otrYodY

Nabani nghxelela apho
igaraji iHrona.
raytphin

Anybody can tell you whee e

grgeis.
-

Unokwenznayiphina into.
naninlna
Urgsityelelaini.

tld
2/2o boaa

onything

He/shecan do sn)'thing.
-

ony tlm
You can visit us xny time.
t

npl)i'Ia

anyuhee
Unokupakimoto yko naphi You canpark your car anywhr
aph.
here.

3 Summary of the laqys o exptessing'ond'

Wih nous: 'n'- (wi vowel coalescence
taking place,ct Unit 2.9).
aaqugwalaAmasimi ombona huts and raizefields
isikolo ngyunivesii
schoolsnd uvesity
iinddi nanxweme
the hiIs Dd the coasr
&

XHOSA- UNI

5 Place names

Mqio.citig
caleTown
f,ast London

Izixeko sitrhuru
("Kapa)
'Kapa ("Mo.)
,Monti

DDn
Johannesburg

,Theku ("Theluu4)
rcoli ("Goli)

Po Elizbeth
Pietemditzburg

':Rhamti(dRhawui)
iBhayi ('Bhyi)
mcngundlovu
(zMgngundlovu)
iPi)li (ePitoli)

helo

olog], elated to od',lnlstrotiue

t|!'tht

Many Xhosaplacenmesdedveftom geogrphiclfeaturessuchasivc6,

ponds.cliffs, mountins,plantsandevenninlsfoundin a paticuarcN
Lusikisiki takesis pleasantnamefrom the soundof e rcedsrusrlingin i
neabymsh,Gonubie (< ,Qunube) fron lhe wild brambleberieshich
gow along the banks of e dver KeislInm, shinng wtcr,
Tsitsikammcawter,aredffived fom the Khoi laryuagesasemany
otherpacenmesreognisableby theh clicks. A numbeof )Cosplacc
mes,especialythecities,hvebeenadoptedjom Engli ndAftians:
I

uMlllAw ltA UKAXHOSA

< Aftikds 'mond' i.. the

mou of the Buff!lo Rivcl
< )ftosa 'itheku' = bay
< Enslish 'sold'
<Aftjas'soud'
< Xhosalised by
= placeof e eephet
< Xhoslised.hetoria'

SomeTolrr$ in
Ezinye dolophu
the EsernCp aeMpun-Kooni
Alice
iDite ('Dikeel)
< Xnsr' di ke = p@ l
ButteNo
icctrw(ec.uw)
( < EnglishBedfor)
Fo Baufo
iBhofolo ("Bhofoo)
Grmtown
rni(eRhini)
Headtown
Nxukhwebe ("Nrukhwebe)
Keiskalmahck
"Qoboqobo(&aQoboqobo)
Kins winim Tovn rQonce("QoDce)
Lady Fe
tcaladu ("Ceadn)
Middedrift
,Xesi("Xsi)
Peddie
Ngqushwa ("Nsqushwn)
Po St. Johns
&Mzinwbu (eMzinwbu) (t the homeof e hippot
eKomi(&lKomani)
Qu@Ntowr
(< iori = English soldiet
Some$tEst
lNojoli {&4aNojoli)
Stuueheim
,Cumakal(Cumkla)
teg
tTtuaa ("Tina)

village
l|tlrti(r, setdement,
vllldgc

dusons

rti (< Afiikns 'aase')

idolophr
tdoloph (< Afkns 'dorp )

fllY
l:lrpi|l|l

rllrlric(
ltfco,oonslituencY
ft8i0n

ikomkhulu
tsithili
'nCinCqi
mmandl
,photrdo

6 Word adaptations
'Xhosa has manifested tself s a dynmic, vibrant, Yirile
luDguageadaptableto, nd developing in hmony with, the
r seeIntroduction
p.6
envionmeni.'
eh,ging
llo. 0rc numbeof exmplesof is aspectof the Xhosalangugesome
d which you havecomeacrossin this book:
conier degrces, ccp = ukurhweso*idcngc originoltnoning
on the heod;orignol
o'ukulhvrso'= lo.own, put something
o monystrinsso beods
o'ridongo' = neckloce
meoning
'Woye rwerwo tsdangq sembekosobugqioboncwodi
yokumbulelo
(iD tiltl yiyunivsihi
yoseFo Hor ngowe-l97-1
kwokhoisixhoso.'
ngokubholo
f';nkunri' = 'd
.apilol ..money= trkunzi - oiginoimonng
bull'.cdtl {iinkomo) hoveolwoysbeonthe centreond prideo
weol ond rspec.Apod from supplyins
Xhosolie, reprsnlins
milk,meotond leoherlor cloihing,ihyPloyo ve.y lmpoionlPorl
lociiceond ii bridolpoymnllobolo). In ubonlife
In onceshol
money,'copirol', hoslorgelyreplocedcotileos o symbolo weahh.
woy, nood
ulei, egulolions
g|tqmmor
.onslilulion

= uDgoqo originolmoninganimdl lrack

= ,m;goqo
= imigaqntetho
= imigaqesiseko

X H OS A -U N l .

heodqucrrers, depor = iziko oiginolmeoningharth

in centreof ht
= tiko iovoio
pollingbooth
= tiko lolunru

I l.riciry
orignol
meoning
lighrning

I telephonc

librory

book, ler

Pa9e

=
-

wofhrore.o5rr

,o-

=
=

originolmoning
roP
ltholq lencwcdi originolmeoningshel in o hur
trcvyodi orisinolmeoningthin
lronsporcnl
.oot o lhe poisonouc
bulb bup,ol]dretch
dr 'tn wodi'
,kho6i - originolmoning
ensheolfiing lo o ftedli cob
ilo - oiginlmeoningrube, rd
to spudwolthoughwhnsmokins
omoielondobo
omoielo orembekileyo
isonsesemozulu odginolmoning
'rionuse'=diviner(<uko = to smelll.

to trppty t

In ihis unit. insied of the usul viety of exercises,you wil tud a

numberof X:hosaexts whereyo cn exercireyour reading ski. Somc
English texts are lsoincludedandthesetogether wih rheonesin )osr,
shouldwhet your ppetiteto leam rnore about Lhos literarue,hisorx
culture and radition-

253

UM/ILAWTI FAL KAXHOSA

Ilrrtls JAMESRNlSlJOTOB119021976iUlibonilonsonsowq25 Juloyi nsonyoko w-1902 eNdwe nsoseColo oPho uyise

khono. Wofumono imundo yokuqolo Ndwe
wyonsumundisi
errhyvoku.Ukususelo
ngc
nnrdtdlolile.Ngo191wolhunyelwo
kwizikolonszikolo.
I9l9 uundise

Ngolo xeshowoyehloonso*Mr.Fr opho kulhehwoisiBhoco,

lrlHlLrbinesisuukhono.Nsoko k sixhososokhsosibufiothoko.
lncwodi yokh yokuqoloUZoguloyolunghwo kunenensuS,E.K.
xa woyngulitsholo
eBhobhotyun
i yesi./r'e.Photu,
,qhoyi, lmbons
n!.lldnkozono, woundo isixhoso silhthwqngomoNgqko
omgqubo.(- see nextpose) Nge92 uye eFol Hor Dikeni
neB.A.
kwimundo
yobutundisi
wozo wophumelelo
Aphowoqeqeshwo
incwodiezininzi-unzekeloUnyezo,
ngeloxeshoupoposhe
Ukuruselo
Anovo, Elundinilofhukeldnezinye.ttThuthuloyinbolosonekwizibngo
osikhu*rbuzo
tlldolobe nsokusbi zofiondo. Ngumbonsomboliso
ngoHolonof Trcy.
ezinyesixhoseni.
ukwosuqulele
Wohloloiincwodiezininzi.Kononiolo
Ngo-1952 wothiwo liz ngeMboso kovilokozi* yiYunivesithi
yolowitwotesrond.Woythweswoisidonso sembkosobugqirho
bonwodi liD.ti.) yiyunivesiliiyoseod Hdr ngow-924
yokumbulelo
ngokubholo
kwokheisiXhoso.
lswlekngomhlo
we-l Myng197.
UGqi6Jolb
UJolobeokosoyi l(ulit,olwo kwimboli yolwimi lwomoxhosokubo
wotysbiso
rkq, isiAefisowo.
ulutysbisil
unbongo rbaliso
wlela
waiwalle
iMbasa kavilakzi*
yoknbulel
swelte
tsayi
kulilylw
ulurybisile
watyebisatr4"
ilhlhe sawo

nmtive poen
he edibd
he wN wdded
e VilaLdi Medl
in&lmqedgement
he died
ne will never
beforgolte.
neh6 eriched it
(dE ldguage)
md even Xosa
cultu

,lol Bw viatui as tn fi6t blsct lectEr to b appoitdal tho Unilesily of

wllwaresnd. This award,in his tane. h given o scholN sho havemade
rhnificant coLibutions to aficm lmeuages.

:l
254

I
I

XHOSA UNIT]

HISONrcAT CONEX OF HE BATLEOF AJVIAIINDE

Al.lhe bginningo
ISth cnrurytt'e wos o greor deol
'he (1778-18291,ond his und dbmb,
o ishtingbh"eenNsqikd
rcn ofRhorhobe ondb,orhero Mlowu lNgqiko,s orher),
wodied,
wirhlis fothRharhdb, n o bole ogoinstcbatfi.mbu in
'oelhs
1782. Ngqika wos only our yeors otd when his o died.
Ndlombe ereore,artdoi rcgnrfo. Ngqiko. He hondedove.
powerbeloeNgqika eochedhis2Oh SidhdoybU|continued
ro ry to
exrcise
powwhichongdNsqiko ose ombirion;rwos
io rut; otl
omoxhosa Wifi e helpo dllioncs
wifi ol Xhosochrfsondwith
lhe Bohond IhBririsho rheCopeColony,Ngqiko ond Ndtomb
wrnsosedin bterboflles.
Oneof rhereosons
for suchbitierness
ond
hostili,ywos Ngqiko's obducron
of th bequritul
fiutfiula. one of
Ndlombe's wivs This od,on rsuhdin widsp,eodrb ion.
Evenluollypeoc wos esro'ed rhrough on ogreemenrwhereby
Ndlombe recosn,edNgqiko os his
lto-",",, in rt" g,.
bonl o Amolind, ought in tsr8 """i.,
Ngqiko wos deeorj by
Ndlqmh butsoono|erthorhe s*ured o ,icrorvo"erhisunctewirhrir
helpof e Bitishhops.lc.f.Pnes)

RHATHABE

KH/\A'UIA

IYIlvu

I
HINsA

I
NCQIKA

SARHIU

I
SANDILE

NDIIVIB

uzllwr!FAI]KAXHOSA

255

UNolrrtdo - Noni Jqbovu wosbonon Augusl2O,

m
CopPovince.
At the
l9l9 oMiddledrifiin rhEosrrn
],i,i-L
os oi ] d shwo' ienl,o Enslondrnthecoreo Enslish
I[
nI
rindsdnd w6n o schoolin York.H studiesol the
by lheSe.ond
RoyolAcodemy
o Musicwereinl,uptd
I
group
she
lh
first
of women
World
Wor
when
I
ioind
welderin
wokersond becomeon oxv<cVlene
lrlna os semi-skilld
MicholCodburycroseld,o
Shemerherhusbond
. ohcrorindusly.
llln dlrccrir,whil still ql school.Thiromilieshod rst become
John lengo Jobov, polilicionond
o$oclo|6dwhnhrgrondoer,
oundedondwos ilsiedil,oof lmvoZahonrsundu,led
loumolisrwho
o Po iomnlto prol,esl
ogoinste plicis
; d.pololionb fi Houses
limethoi h mei
Arico.
l
wos
durinq
this
lmDlemen|ed
in
Souih
b b.
GrorgeCoob,.rry
o tne chocoloteirm ond JoJephcrosield.Nonit
gondfolhrs.
hurbond's

9cenes lrom a Sou Afican lie

"l hc hum of convesationvas defening.Every buye washelpedto
Dukehis or hI choice by the others standingabout and \r,ho a
rrcke in the usual terrific tones as if addrcssingpeople far off up
nrunlains. From time to time. someonewod tun aside,remove
hh or her pipe at ws as long s you rm from the mouth and
hrdulgein splendidhardjet-like spjt on to e floor boards.You
hM to keep sharylook-out andleap out of the tr'ay.
Thc Euopensspoke)ftosa, and s locs usualy werc, seemed
rcluxed,unhured,like thei customers.I pushedmy way tbough
nd slood at the counternext to a woman in the act of aDouncg
llrt shehadt streached'e momentof being boutto buy'. She
xhouted,'Come, Eropean,I am ready for you.'
Itc shouldes\vere bae, for she hd wound her shawl under he
unpits nd over the married woman'smodesq,bib in orde to ftee
hcr hands.Shenow lifted themto her hugeturbn.The bassbangles
lon wrist to foreffm glemed.She felt in the folds of e turban,
prlting the fods back nto place all the whie keeping up a
powerful unning conmentaryon the rcasonswhy shehad de.ided
or the goodsshehadpicked in prefercnceto otbe specimensof the
it o epear.Come.European.
\ume.inrerruprinS

X H OS A
- U N IT]

Then shebegnto untie the knold rag. She took our of ir some
pound and ten-shiling notes. They werc grubby, nd wrapped
roundcoiD5:ha-crown,.lorinq.,hilg,. ,Lxpence,.
even
'tickeys' - e tiny silyer tkepenny bits.
'Come, rn! What is the matte wi this European s he
petendingnot to want money?'He every move was u/ched,men
nd women sucking the long pips, eyes glued on he fingers s
sbe fumbled. One man called our after the lst rickey had ben
unwrapped.'Wre a the penniesandhaffpeDnies?'
'Oh, I keep ose in my purse', she said.That in tum ws inside a
twill bag decortdwith black piping andsuspended
fom her lvais.
Shecountedout the mone Oneof the Euopeansnow saunteredup
andjoined n the watching.She countedthe money a secondrime,
and a d tine tbough, then paused.She rised her face ro ihe
ceiling and bur out in loud lamet, 'Oh cod, rheseEuropeanse
killing me! Wy do you ki[ me, Eulopean,tking atl my money?'
I leapt back slep for she 'tbrew' her voice ike n actess.rhn
inchesof my ear.You could hve heardhe fom the back row of
theatre,yet the shopkeeperwas only acrossrhe counter.He ws not
disturbedbut eplied quied blndy, in Xhos, his brown eyes
scanringthe moneyspeadout in fronr of him, 'Have you nor comc
of youl own volition en, to be killed?'
(Noni Jbw The Ochft Psol", pages64-5,John Mury,
London, 1963)

CopeTiDes,I813/98
JonMoris {fomAbontul

UMIILAWEUFALIKAXHOSA

IVENKILE
YNGAPHANDE

Curresy:
V Bulpin
okunzimdezilolinizethuukwoziukuboivenkile
Nokuboungumhombi
yiyiphinq kubdibo nsuwonomziuzindluzibolulekileyo
umzikononiolo
oiiklezweyimii. (p.91Abontu oboNbunduoboninziboyoyiswo
koko
kukubizoomosomoobontuoboMhlophelwoye nongophondle
bothondoukumnlkosomo lenteoyobo umnluoMhlopheosbenzo
phokothikwobo igono elidlongokulondelo
izimbozomninilolowo.
bonke
Nsenxoyezi ndowo woumonoukuboobetungubeevenkile
ozildliniphoyo bonomogomoesiNtr.Okuyq bezinselondikokhulu
ubesokuiMhlopheoke
lintsimbizomehlphokofii kwoboNlsundu
onxbo zono kwooko kube skulhiwonsuMhlomoneukubizwo
kwqkhe. Umo osisiqlolwonnnsxeba isiq;nsqi sendodono
ukuzizuzelo
igomolokubonsuMotuho.Umooyindlezone
bensonyoli
(p.7O-llj
ububeerbeseleyo kubizwongokubonsuThondobontu.
Mhlowumbiweno ubo kulevonkilekuengwonsemolinsobo bonke
nsezinye
obontuukoniiokuniolo.te venkileifononendowoyentnsiso
iindwo.Abonyukuzebothenge
kutuneko
bononsokwobobothensise
Omnye uzo nomoqondokwokunyenodobo
kwokumni-vkile.
okwonele
olubongelo
lkubo qnonisnsowo.(p.71)to mz uyvenkile
neposiyesili si;phumo
okobokuthengwe
kulhensiswe
kuwokuphelo,
kwiyyono
lwokr:woopho.Yntoleyooyo kufikoilncwodiziyimtumbo
sbelhllwludonsniphoyo. lp.72l Ngophondlekwezi ndowo
zikhokoyiw,ivenkile yongophondle,ivolo nelinye ikrobo

258

X H OS A
- U N I I

entlolwoniyobontubensinsqileyo ikuyo.lono nendowyembuo,

indowo yokubononokwobontuneyokurholulwo
kwmyolezoyo
kumocolo
obengenokufikelelo
kuwoluloumntv.Evenkileni
uyoziukubo
uyo kumbononokubo mnye umntuoyo nsokwlocolo. Andhei
nsolutshqlono kbo lu'e lusozi Jkbd oph lungobononokhono
(p 72-731
kusevenkireni.
(.lJ.R. Jolob, rrdlo, Mtwdtrsond Uniyersiry Prss,
Johdnnesbu.g, t973)
Ironslotionin keu p. 292

I]MZILAWEIIFALIKAXHOSA

or o yo in Eosttondonhe becqmeossistqnt
ediloro
Afid |Bochine
hon l92O-921, durins
LwE tobodu ond editedlnvo Zobontsundu
lh.lo mon{so lobrm's lie.
ln f927 h wol 7 oddiionostonzoso Nkosi Silelf iAkko ond tn
1939 he publishdh oulobiosrqphy.Amons his wellknown
publicorionsor DonJodu, Inihobe nenibonso ond Inmzo.
h6 dior o 6ontu Bor,q fie officiol orson of ile Aicon Nrionol
Congressnomedhim iMbonsi yeszweJkelele e P@to he Norion.
On his elimenlhe wenll,oNhb' oZukoneorBerlin,wherehe died
ln 1945.

SArvluEL
EDWARD
KRUNMQHAyt(t875 - 1945)

Colissy:lmvo

'ln my finol yedr oi Holdiown,on evenl

occunedthotor mewos likeo cometsheoking
oc.ossile nighisky.owordsfie endo rheyeor,
we were inomdot e grso Xhosopoet,
Krune Mqhdyi, wosgoingto visfie ehool.'
lsee poges 3840 in Long Wclk ,o
Frcdom, McDonoldPunell, 1994, for theull
occountof thisnomentouso.cosionin thelife of
th youns NelsonMondela.)
Thisditoriolin lmvo woswiflenon thoccsio
o rhe cenrenoryo th birrh o ,trnbongi

tKHUru".iiijfff5'il*".,Jlfi:lil;
",1:1il";
3:yJ:yl'trtrj"''".1::
i.
l_!!lrryr(4
ptoce
yeors
w'e
spen
o heGreor
o hs uncre
*.;
frfrfrhffi,H
chieNzonzono
{o' sixyeo.s
whereneemoineo
*"iffi'ffim
thhodirionst
orFosphe,e
ond+udying
. :,.ry _*,,ffip obso.bins
d"!rhiir*

lhe cuslons no hodirions o the Xl-oio He

listenedorentivlyto the discussions
on cusromory
low grosping
inlrrcociso legol proredu.o
'he or his chf d,euqe Jryolo
wl"ich he would lore' use os he bosis
tornowele.He r.eceivedhis ducotion Lovdoleqnd becameo ieocher
nd wlote ltyala Lanowelein l9l ! whil |ocliis ot Macontown.He
wos o polifi. wit podu.ins mony boks includinspoerr ploys ond

The Telling of Folktales (IJkrenziwa Kweentsomi)

Il ws,andis still to someexten! a )ftosa customfor grandmothelsto tel
thir grandchidnibtsomi - fotktales.Their puposewasto efforce and
Npport somepoint of fmily discipline o custom.They upheldconduct
th0l wasfor the good of societyor te wele of e community.
Folktalesaways st wi|t: Kwathi kp kalnk ngantrom, (Onc upon a
tlme) while the grandchildrenusualy respondby sayiry Cor;1(HushD.
'Always, howevet thee ws i lestone adul! usua y glandmam4
itlingwith us aroundthe fire. To keepus childen awke,shewod
tell iinrrord, the fairy-te of m)osa.
Therc wee taes bol ogles ard giants, abour animals of e
forcsls,geat beasts,d bout itd hopping ceaturesof ihe veld.
There werc tles bout imls of the dver huge scale-coveed
epties that coud swallow people nd nimals whole, uing
lhemto deathaslhey drd so.Ad lter on, whenhungry,briry them
p andchew them as cud.
There lvere happy tales also; pinces nd pincesss,kings and
queens,ad chiefsandchieftinesses:
stoiesthat vrelistenedto and
believed.Stodesthat were told wit sch vivid detil and h such
modulationof voic that we childn saw ihem in o mrds and
lived them in our feelings;crying whena little ophanedgirl, on he

260

XHOSA- UNIT]

wy to her rncleor he gndprentswho would look afte her (this

would-be guadian angel lways ved f, fa awa, fe[ inro rhe
handsof an ogre disguisedas kindly ittle old lady, with designsto
hve her for his dinner We oed wjth laughte - e kind of
aughtethat leavesyou feeling ,ea in yow be[y, terssteming
dow you fce; honest no-nonsensend nc.decorum lughte whenever cruel giats and cannibals cme to gdef, usly by
nadveendy falling prey to very trpsintendedlor e victims.
Oh, no doubt, we wee blood-isty little peopleouselves,but we
fet self righteousabout it as long s it was rhe bad, tenibe, crue,
ugly ogre.or somesucb.who rbu, meihis derile.
Someof ihesestoriestold us of the origin of man, otheswerc bout
nanira phenomena,nd oihes still werc designedto eachus, the
unwart audience,somesprtof molity. Looking back now, I see
ceady how irntromi ae a essential and integrl pa of the
socialistionof e child mongandftosa-'
(Stndiwe Mgona, Io MJ Chilnren's ChAren),Da\'.dPhilip
Publishes (PE) Lt4 Cape Tonr 1990

UKAXHOSA
UMZAWEUFA

26t

lmbangi yokuba imbila isweleamsila

Kwthi ke kaloku rgaDtsomi ebtsheniblizwe zonke izilwnyn
, zingenamsa.Zonke zazonwbiengphndlekokuntani vezilo,
Ithe ke ngenye imiri yagqiba ukuba zonke
zankelc izipho uhuzezijo4eke zinde kahuu.
Yazimemazonke ukuba zize e"tundleni. Izilo
zaphambanaluvyo ngphardleL:we''|tta.
Endaweni yokuya enundleni zona zakhelh
ul,ublalzigcakameleilarga Zazisonqcna
kodwa
zazili\a
zoDaizipho. Ngoko ke, zasela inkat u
kskhulu
zize
zizamtele
izipho
ezo. Ikalr zl'a zaya etrhndleni
ul(ub
zzngene
kona.
apho zonke jzilo
yazibulis yzamtesa iipho
INgonrams
zonl e. Ngdsinle ! dm kel um sila! Noko Le
ukuml(ariIo wale\el cmdl kaulu Dameblo
emddla waza ke nsol,o wenT iimpazano
ezlinzi. tJmzekelo, wanilb indlovu, isilo

c$ikhulu kakhulu umsilan omncitranekodwa ramd8, emrcinci

cnjalo, warnnika ums omllulukazi. Iinra# ke znikw imisila
y0zo zadkwa neyeetttita imisila. Zamba zonwabite- Zdla
ekiyeni lembila ezo- Zbnz iinbils ngetheko.
Ilnkawu zaleka zaveza imisia yazo emitsha
rgokuzidla okukulu ztsh zisithi: 'zizipho
,.okumkani ezi.' Zzbon,oz z hi imbilai
'Sinikeni imisil yethu! Ncedni nsnike imisita
ycxhul' Kodwa inkawu zahlek^ zgigithek zalalha isihlomelo
ngaphantsi koboy ernsieni zai: 'Khangelani. Nnlsi
imisa yenu. Adzikhlh^zngngol:uya kuyamkela,s2
ke ina sayihlomela kweyethu.' Zarsho zai shwaka
i"tup". Zqumbakalt iir,tJ" kodwa azabanah"enza
nto. Zsaswele imisila iir'rld kude L:ubenanala oko.
Kodwke, zonqeninjengokozazinjloeburshenibelizwe.
Phlphengntsom!
(Note: The prove clos rclated to this inisomi is 'Inh14 raswela
ufisla ryokuJalezela'.)

262

XHOSA- UNI I

Why the rcck rabb has no tail

Onceupon tine vhene world wasyoung (tir. at the newnessof the
lnd) a[ animlsdid not havetis.All wee hppyexceptfor rhe king
of e bests,the l-id,.
S o o o ed y h e d e c i d e d a r l e ni mal s.houl d
re c e i \e p re s e n rss o th l bey
l ooL
' houl d
beauft. He invited dll to come lo lus coun. ThL
a n i m K q e re o v e rj o y e d ,l rr md w i l h Jo)'
e\cept to he rock rabirs .

Inseadof goingto thegou rheypreferedto bskin tle sun.They were

very azy but hey still wantedto rc.eive eir pesents.Themforcthey
askede ,?o ryr to go ad gtrhei presenrs.
Thent
g.eedand
"rels
wento tbecout r'here the a mals weregathercd.
TheLbr gered
lhem nd gare our rheirpre,enr,.Echon(
receiveda l. lr htpnedar rhis ling wa,
lrerJyrery old ndhi. eye\.too.uere old
the result at he made mny mistakes. Fo
exmpe.he gvetheekpt arl, very big anima.
a very smlltail bu to thesqrrh?l rvhichis very sm,he gavea hge
tail. The morl.eJs were thengiven their raits andwere asogiven rhose
ol herock rabbts.They left happy.They passedby the homeof rhose
rock rabbts. T\e rcck tus askedthem abourthe
party. The monre$ ughedand poudly showedotr
heir tajsandsid:'Thesearee gifrs ftom the King_'
The nck mbbts ple ded saying: 'cive us ou rrs.
PleaseCiveus our tails'. But hmonfeJslaughedand
giggledandpoinledto a jonr underthe tur on rhetail:
'Look, hereayour tils.You couldn'rbe boeed ro go and
get them yourselves,so we joined hem onto oulsl' Having
sidsothe rluls disppeaed.
The/rcl n rik werc vef
'l cold nor do nyhing_
ngrybut they
So they ae tjllesstill
hisda but ey enornearlyaszy asthey.weewhene
word wasyoune!
That is e end of the story!
(it. The dssiehsno tail bcusehe sen someoneon his behalf, i.e.
do't rely on othersto do youl bidding!)

Translations of
dialogues

ll goc$withot sayinglht word-fo-word aanslationsfrom one language

I0 smer arE virtually impossibe.For teral tanslations mnsult the
vo.bularyboxesin eachunit.

Unlt I Gettig cquainted o the aeroplane

il6w0rdess Good day, ladies and gentlemen.Wecome to flight 301
going to Capeown.
ooooooo
Heo, how are you today?
Ihrndi
I m well.
Jonny
Oh! Yo spk)ftos well! I am Than Thamsanq.
ndi
I m JenyMuIIay. I am glad to Detyou. How areyou?
lonny
(No), I n we[, rhnks.I'm also glad to meetyou.
lundi
Do you ive n CpeTo\l'l1,Thandi?
Jonny
Yes,we live n Pinelandslindi
Oh! I lso ive in Pinends.
Joony
Whereexctly?
l$di
Ner ForestDive. where do yo live exctly?
Jonny
Near Pinelads High School.
11r0ndi
oooOooo
Slowdess Excuse mq ladies and genttemen.Fstenyou seat belf5.
We'[ shoIy be aiving in Cpe Tow. Thtrk you fo
choosing Rainbow irlines- I hope we' see each othe
aginsoon!Welcometo CpeToiI! Goodbye.
oooOooo
Goodbye,Thandi.It was nice to spe to yo.
lonny
we'll seechother again!
ThMdi

q !4aq!!!
liaNlulgN!

Unit 2 Meeting again at e Murrays' home

Jenny
Thandi
Jeruy
Thandi
Jenny
Themba
Pete

Helo,comein'
Hov, you?
We axewel- It's Diceto seeyou agnThis is my husband,Thmb.
Heo, Themba. I'm very gld to meet you. This is my
hsbandPeter.
I'm gad to meet you.
We are also glad to met you. Welcometo our home.This

Thandi
Dad
Themb
Dd
Thandi
Dd
Pete
Themba
Peter
Themba
Jenny

Hello, my child. What'syoul nane?

I am David.
Do you go to school,Dad?
Yes,I go to Gmv.
Wherc re you leming to speak)ftos?
I'm leaming it t school /(orikazr.
Do you havechildrcn?
Yes,we have,a son and daughte.
Do they go to school?
Yes,ey do. They go to Westerford.
ftat about somethingto aljt? Would you pefer tea or
coffee o somethingcold?
ThamsanqasWtaieve.Yes, whtever.
Peter
Vould you like to sit inside or outside?
Thndi
Lt's sit outside.Ifs beutifirl.My I help you Jemy?
JeDny
Thank you Peter and Thmba. You cr chat (in rhe
re3ntrlne),
Perer
Okay!

Unit 3 Knowing how to speak Xhosa

Themba Peter,you speak)osa well. Tell me, whee did you leam to
spekit so well?
Peter
I grew up on a farm near Grhamstown.Then I continuedto
leam it at school. Unfotuatel I've folgotren a ot. lso, I
how tht I mte a lot of mistakes,but I'm rrying (my best).
Themb Thaadoesn'tmattet mting misrkes.Whar is importantis that
you try to spea it every day.
Peter
You'e ight. You must te[ me ough when I mal(emistakes.

Tlemba Fine, but you do follow (undentand)we[.

Yes,if one spaksdowry
hlol
Thomba WeI then,I'11atsoty ) speakdowly.
Thanls, becauseI don't spekas wel as Jenny.Shesoge\t
htcr
up on frm in e EstemCap.She eamt it at school and
universiry Shespeak!s wel s a )os-spekingperson- so
much so tht shetachesit now
fhcmba Tht's lovey! You knoq rhe Dutch sying: 'So veel tule asjj
ka , so yeel nale is jij nun '
Thafs so true!

Unlt 4 Speaking about work

ht
omba
htor
'Tltonta
'ht
Ttonba
htcr
fhnba
htor
Thmba
htcr
lhcmba

Poter
fhomba
&t r

Icnba
hter
Thcmba

Te[ me, Themba,what's your line of work?

I work for an a ine as a pelsoel manage.
Oh, (that's) pesonnelnanagrin English?
You'rc spot on!
You obviously communicteandwo* we wi people.
Yes, ke to wok wi peoplevery much.You know e )ahosa
ibm: A peson is a petsoft thrcagh otherpersois.
You arc so dght!
whr's your wok, Pete?
I am a holicultudst at Kirstenbosch.
Mm, at's intesting!
Yes,it's iitestig wo*. It is sucha beaurfulplaceto work at.
DoesThandi also wok?
Yes,shealso likes to work with people.Sheis doctor
Shewoks at the Rd CrossChildren'sHospital.Shegoesthee
in the momings oDl ln the aftemoonshewoks at a Primary
Halth Cae cic.
Shetso works very hard then.
At which shoo1dosJeDnytech?
Shedoesn'ttechat a school Sheteachesadulrs{,ho wantto leam
to spk)0rcsa-You know,dlere e mnypeoplewho wl|t to
leam to spak)osanoq especia[ybsim$ poPleandstatrof
companiqhouseves,doctosndnses,etc.,tc.
1Ve[, asey saymBsh: 'Bette late than naerl'
How do you syat i0 )Cos?
I don't know. Languagb like that. It is not alivays esy to
tanslte,especilywhen it comesto idioms.

266

XHOSA

RANSIAT]ONS
OF DIATOGUES

Unit 5 How do you like yotur colfee?

,lonny

Peter
Jenny

Tlxmdi

Al last! Lefs quench(our) thint!

Sorry fo leing you wait (such)a long rime. We werc
chatting! I'm se that you must be irsry.
Pete
Yes,we are very thirsty. We e also hngry.
Themba No, that's okay,we wee lso chattitrg.
Jenny
Thandi, how do you like yo cofree?Do you war nilk and
sugar?
Thndi Milk only, thals.
Jenny
And you, Themba.do you want coffee wirh milk?
Themba Yes.anks, nd two tespoonsof sug.
Jenny
Here is e srgar.Help yourselt
Peier
How aboutsomeckeand sandwiches,Thandi?
Thandi Thnks,Pete.May I havea smltsliceof cake?It lookslovety!
Indeed,it is delicious.Herc's a slce!
Thandi Thrs. Mm! This cake is delicious, JeDny,rnay I have the
ecipe?
JeDny Sue! Just remind me. Themb,can I lso give you a stice of
Themba
Jenny
Peter
Thndi

Jeny
Thandi
Jenny
Thndi
Jenny

ThanksJennr I ove swetthngsvery much!

Peter pleasepssThembihe cake (whe) I pour you coffe.
Okay.Thand,what aboui nothercup of coffe?
No. antc. Onecupof coffer is enoughfo me.
Gosh,the snhasdisappred.
It's geningcool now. Shouldn't
we go inside?
Yeq it's sudderlygot cold. I am cold.Aren't you cold !oo?
A tde.
WeI, ler's go inside then! Pete,pleseclosethe door.
oooOooo
Jeffy, don forget to give me the rccpefor e cke.
I hveD'tforyosen.Here it is. ff you Fefer chocotateicing you
can dissolve a spoonof cocoapowder h a spoonof boiling
wte and beatwell into the icing.

Unit 6 Are you warm enougb?

Pete
Themba

Ae you walm enougho shouldI swirch on the hearer?

No thnks,we don't needa heate..It's not that cold.

Poter

'fhe,nb
ThaDdi
Jan|y
Thondi
Jonny
Pter

Themba

Themba
Pcter
un|t /

267

The Cpewatheris lile at. One minutethe sunis shining,

the next (minute)it is raining.
No man, don't exaggerte.And don't complain about the
CpeweatherlThe ain s better thn doughl. We needmin
in SouthAfica. t's scarce.
Jenny,you soundlike the cuiengs! They don't like ou
wetherithey complainaboutlhe ain in winter aDdaboute
But let's be honest,e weathris beautif in Gautengn
winte. lt's dry, it doesn'tmin.
But the understoms ndighting ihele in sunmel
No. let's dmit, evey place has its advantagesand
disadvantges.
You're ight. For inslace, in Durban,the winer is plesanl,
but the humidity lherein summeris intolerable.
Yes,it's exactly ile tbt.
I hope that th wetherwill be fine is coming weekend
becsetheeis a big cricket matchat Newlnds.Do you like
cdcket, Themba?
Very muchl Like MakhyaNtini sayson TV: '1ddn? li
cncket, I loye it!'
Wel, I'm going on Sturdaywi Dd. Woud you and
your son like to comewi s?
Yes,I would lite tha. very much.
Ok I' phoneyou on ftiday so hi we can arangewhere
and whento meet.

Jenny at work - 'l,et's spak Xhosa'

Helo, students!Todyyou re going to speak)ftosa, andI m

going to listen! Wlo wntsto stal?
Mak and We'll sa, Jenny.
Paul
I' b the pelrol ttedant,Paul will be the motorist.
Mrk
Al righ, stualents,1k!
Jcnny
At the garoge
Gooddy,sir.Ho aeyou, today?How cnI hepyo?
l\4otorisr Good dzy,Mnunzana. How arc yo]u'l
No, nolhing wrcng. I'm okay despielhe pobems-And you?
Jcnny

iry
Motorist

Motorist

I'm lso fine, thanks.

ShodI fill the tant today?
No, giv ne only 50 ands' worth ioday.
AI nsh si. How re the res?
It serse left ftont lre needs liitle ai. Pleasecheckall

Mobist

Al ight, sn How much an?

Pumpthem to 210 all ound. Plesedon't forget to checke

Motorist

No soonersaid an don,sir!
ooooooo
We[. everyng is okay in front- Shodd t also wipe the
Motorist
Motorist

Motorist
Jenny
Val and
Sally
Val
Lady
l-dy

Lady
V
Ldy

Ldy
Lady

That woud be hepful!

We,I've finished,s
I am grtetul. Thnk you. Herc's e money for e perrolHere'sso somethingfor tobacco(tip).
Thn you. Goodbye,sir.
Goolbye.Mnumzantwe U seeeachoer gdn.
Mk andPu,you've done we[. Congatuiions!
Wel, Val and Slly, let's hearyou convention!
AI dght.
At ,he supentnrkzt
Sory,r'k rifrd.il Did I hwt you?
No, it's nothing. Oh! You speak)ftos?
I',m trying.
No, you'rc notjust tryng, yo spea il! Wherc do you know
Xhosfrcm?
Soy, I didn't understnd.Pesesythat again.
I said,whee d you lem it?
Oh now I undesandlI ttendXhosaclasses.
Who is techingyou? (By whom ae you beingtaught?)
A MIs Murray. She gew up with )ftosa,speakig peope,
I too am fom ma,YhosenL
Whereis you home?
In Ccadu.

Oh, isn that Lady Free iD EDgsh?

Gol You're dght. lndeed,you do know Xhosal
\Vlee do you ve, lr'*ori,tazi?
In Claemont.where do you liv?
In Kenilwoh, but I wok hee in Claremont.
I also wok here Claemont. I have a rcstaunt in Fir
Avenec^1led'Nineena' (Con in\.
ReIy! PehapsI'I visit you dee. Gosh,I nely fogoi, y
Vll
nmeis Vat ToddI'm pesedto neet you, V- I m Xosw Silinga.
Ldy
I'm lsoglad 1omei you, Xoliswa. It ws very nice to tlk to
Vrl
you. I hope we'll seeeachoter gin.I'm gong lo tel my
teachea|d the cassaboutyour estauant,Peaps we'l all
visit you thee soon.
Xoliswa That would be ice. Coodbye.
Vsl
GoodbyeXoliswa. I'm sue we'll seeeachother again at the
estarant.
oooOooo
You also did very weil, Val and Sa[y. I'n happy.I'm ver.J
Jonny
happywith your Fogress! Congratrlations!Now let me wish
you a! a pleasanthoday.
Vfil
L0dy
Vol
Lody
Vrl
Ludy

i
!

Unft 8 Thandi at wort -'I am Dr Thamsanqa'

Tlandi

Mother
Thandi
Child
handi

Mother
Thandi
Moer
Thndi
Mother

Goodmomng,*"rtl.i. He o, my chd. Pleasecomen. I

m Dr Thmsnq.
Sit down.I{erc's a ch . What's you name,/(o,$ftazi?
I am NoncebaMajola.
And you, my chid, what'syou name?
Lindiwe.
No, don't cry my child. Don't wory. I won't hut you. Herc's
a doll. Do you wat to hold it? Well then,rri&dzi, tell me,
why hveyou cometo seeus hereat the hospital?
It's this littl one,docto
Wat is the mtter (with he)?
She corplainig of a bad headache,doctor.Anoer thing,
sheis couins. Sheis coushing a lot.
How old is she?
Five, docto.

270
Thidi
Motler
Thandi
Ulindivre
UThandi
Ulitrdiwe
t[hndi
tll-indiwe
Lnhandi
UMm
Thandi
Mothe
Thandi
Molher
Thadi
Mother
Thandi
Mother
Thatr
Motler
Thadi

TRANSLAIONS
OF DIATOGUES

Did you bing her nodd to Health Cad?

Yes,hereit is.
Thr's fine. We[ eD, my child, ow me, whereexacdy is
yor hedsore?Can you point to wherc your headis sore?
Il's soeherc.
Is you thoat sore?
No.
tue yo earssore?
Yes.
Is thereary dischagefom he ers,lffrrita.i?
Yes.therc is.
Sincerhenhasyour child beenill, Ms Majola?
This is the nd d
Tell me, haveyou given her somethingto allete e pn?
Yes,I gveher Prdo,bt it didn't heb at .
Has she(this child) eve hurt her headbefoe?
No, docto
ltas sheeve bensick beforc?
No, doctor.
Itas she(this child) any otherproblens?
Yes,docror sheis not eatiq well.
Al1 dght, Ms Majola- I would like to examine her rcw.
Plesundessher andlie he down hreon the bed.

we cn st a waterwisegarden.I'l bing plnts and garden

tools, but I lso waDt you to participt in this exerciseby
lrying to preparcthe soil at the schoo.
Pupils
How cn lve do that.l{t rt{dd?
Phum The best way to st is to mak compost.You can sta by
cotlecling kitchen waste. For insrnce,vegetablepels, egg
shells,eves,bonestogee qri grsscuttings,deadflowers,
feathersnd ash.But don't put in tins, plastic or paper l' sit
yoll schoolnext week.We'l choosea suitablespot to make
compostheap. Unl hen, you can put everlthing you have
collectedinto thesebags.Wel then,pupils. I an grarefulro you
for listening so auentivey.Hve a nice picnic now bu I ask
you pease.o kep the gdenclean.Dor't forgerto pick up ll
youl papesbfore you leave and put em no the rubbish
bins. Goodbye.We'n seeachother next week.

Unit 10 Themba at work - an interview

Themb
Miss Gen
Themba

Unit 9 Peter at rlrok at Kistenbosch

Miss Green

Peter

Thernba
Miss Grcen

Phunla

Cood tromitrg,pupib. Welcometo KistenboschlMy nameis

PeterMurray. This is my collegueMrs PhunlaBongel.We
both are hoticulturistshee t Kistenbosch.Mrs Bongelwi
tell you about the waterwise gardens and e Otech
Gardeniry Project.This poject war staed to help schoolsto
establishgardensstbe to you area.But frst, I'm going to
tefl you tde aboutKi$tenbosch (itse]t. This garden,famous
a[ over the wodd for ils beuty,was foundd in 1913-It is
much acclimedfor its collectionof SouthAfican planrs.Look
at ese picte's tknat the ChelseaFlowe Show in London
whereytr afte yea Kistenboschhaswon many mdals.
ooooooo
We rlea pupis,I'm goitrg to sit you i you schoolso that

271

Themba
Miss Gen
Themba
MissGeen

Themba
Miss Gren

Good moming, Miss Green.Plesesit down. I'm gld o

seeyou. How re you?
Cood moming,Mr Thamsanqa.Thnkyou. I'm fine excep
fo feeling a little rervous.
No, Miss Green.don't be nnous. Relaxl It sersar you
speak)ftos well. Tell me, whee do you know it from?
I staed to speak it when I was still sma[ becauseny
parentsworked at a hospiinerKeiskarroek.
Oh, thenyou know the pur Xfiosa! Can yo also wte it?
Yes,M Thmsanq,I emedXhosa at schoolnd so at
univelslry.
Do you know ny other languagesas well?
Yes,I speakAfrikans anda little Frenchbut the l1leress.
Vell then,Miss Geen.pleasetef me a little aboutyourselL
I was bom in 1969 in CapeTol,n.My pents moved to
Keiskmm3oekwhen I rvasstil small, theeforeI did the
lower slnddsfom SubA to Std 5 a Keiskmmnoek.
W1eedid you do your highe stndds?
,4t bordingschoolin Port Elizbeth.I pssedMalic in
1986. After that I studid for a BA degee at Rhodcs
Univesity in Gramstown.

272
Themb
Mss Geen
Themba
Miss Grcn
Thenba
Miss Grcen

Themba
Miss Green

Themba
Miss Geen
Themba
Miss Gn
Themb
Miss Geen
Themba
Miss Ctn

OF DIAIOGUES
TRANSIATIONS

What werc your majos?

Engshnd)ftosa.
Who taut you )0osa?
hofesso Majola. Do you pehapsknow him?
Oh, very well!rte studiedtogetherHe is avery bdght mn.
What a teacher! He helped lne a lot. wel, I gduated in
1989.I startdto work asa teachel In 1994I s,aspomoted
andbanevice-prircipal.
Pleasete[ mq why do you wnt to chngejobsnow?
I'm laid many techen ae going to be reirenched.
Besides,I an a 'peoplepelson'. I woud very much ike to
qiork r.i difrercnt people. And I think I cn mae
contibutonto yow compny.
We en, Miss Gleen, do yo hve questios?
Yes,M Thmsq.Do you thiD tht I have chanceof
being appointed?
Yes,I think t you have very good chnce!
Wen cnI expectto he whetherI have beensuccessful?
We'l let you know at the e of next wek.
Thank you very much, Mr Thdnsanqa.
Al dght, Miss Geen.It was nice to meet you. Goodbye.
Goodbye,Mr Thamsnqa.

Secretay Al dght M Mry. I' tell him. Wi's you telephone

Peter
Secletary
Peter
Socletary
Dad
Dvid

Pcter
'

Themba

iPeter
Pcter

Unit 11 May I speak to Mr Thamsanqa?

Hello, may I spakto Mr Thamsanqa?Is h perhapsee?
May I asksiho wod ke to spal<to hm?
Yes,lhis is PeeMury spealing.
Plshold on, M Muay. I'l jst ook and seewhetherhe
b in his ofEce.
Pete
Okay.
oooOooo
Seiety M Mury, I'm sory, M Thamsanqais not herc at the
moment.He went oDt.
Do yo know when he'l be back?
Secetry I'm sory, he didn't say.Vr'odd you like to leave a message?
Ys, plesetel him that I wanted to get in touch wi him
boutthe cicket tomorrow.Peapshe canphoneme at home
this evening.
Peter
Seqetary
Peter
Secretry

Than
landi

Ii's 531-3767.
Al dght M Murry.
Thn you. Goodbye.
Goodbye,M Mury
ooo0ooo
Dd Murray speaing.
Hello,David.How areyou,my boy?
Oh, hello, Mr Thamsanqa.I'm fine ttaDts.And you?
No, I'm fine. Is you fther perhapstherc,Dayid?
Yes.Wait moment.I'll call him.
oooOooo
Hello.Perer.Tr Thembahere Thas orpbooins.
'
Unfounately I war at a meeting the whole day. I got you
messagewhenit was aleadylate (evening).
It doesn'tratter.I know you arc busy.
Wat time shal we meettomoow?
wlat about9.30?
That's fine. wlere?
ln ftont of the man gate.
Okay,we'll be ee ar 9.30. we' seeechoer en.
We'l seeeachother
oooOooo
He ol
Helo, may I spa to Ms Mury?
Helo,Thndi,it's me!
Oh, sorry, my dear, I didn't rccognise your voice- lvhafs
wmng?
Oh,I'vejust got litde cold.
Oh,I'm soy.I'm phoningyoubecause
ThembandI regoing
tQ that ne\r Xhosarcstarnton Satuday evedng.We would
like to invite you andPeterto join us. Canyou corne?Do you
ink you wi[ be betterby then?
Oh, tht would be lovely. I read about at rcstaurantin the
paper last weekend. My mou was watering. The
(desciptionof the) food brought back childhood memoies.
Vfe usedto eat all ose taditional disheson e frm!

XHOSA
Thndi
JeDny

Well the& let me fetch you so tht we can meer Peter nd

Thembafu the cicket game.
Thanlcyou, my dear We'll seeachother.

Unit 12 At the cricket match

Themba lt's lovely to seeso much interestin cricket thesedays.
Look t l thesebudding Mhaya Ntinis plying ccket.
Peter
Indeed.Whever you look thesedays ere e boys plaing
cdcket. Did you ply cricket when you wee t schoo,
Themba?
Thenba Yes, I liked playng cricket very much. I was a wickekepe batsran.I fci, I openedthe innings!
Pete
Rrly!
Therba Ad you, mate,which sporlsdid yorr pay?
Wel, I played iennis and rgby a shoo. Unfortunately, I
boke my arm when I wa! sdll playing nder 15. After rhr I
neverpayedlugby agin.
Themb What positon did you play?
I was a sumhf. Though I didn't play cricket I like ro watc
it very much especiallywhen we ply oveffeasteams.Did you
play rugby or socce?
Thenb I playedugby.
Peter
Wat position?
Themba I was 8 mn.
Peler
Wht aboutsocce?Did you ply it?
Themba Yes,I plyed,ii but I peferred gby.
Peler
It is very inteesting how spo1 has the power to ude
Themba You're right. Rememberthe suppot e whoe countf gave
AnaBhokobhokoat e wod cup finall W1ocn forger how
ererlonesng.Isrrrolar. ! if io oDe!oice.
Peter
Indeed, I'm sule r rhe way rhe cowd iang gave
AnaBhokobhoko e impetus that they needed ro win rhe
wold cup!
Thenba Wowl lvho cod foryei the pride on PresidentMandela,sfce
whenhe wore e No.6jesey andheld e rophy alofr iogerc
with FnoisPieDax.

llANsLAloNsof DlAtoGULs

Ftrr
llrmba
fttot

275

Baaru Bafana ilso eot suP{o like at when they won the
Afiican Cup of Nations.By e wa what do you do thesedays
to keepyouseff f?
e, I try to run thee times week.andI play squshegady.
And you?
I cycle, and I try to walk up e mountain on Sundys.But
sometimesit's difEcult to fid e time becausemy hobby is
Mine is photogphy.But the!oblen is just to find lhe tire |
Look, the plyeshavecomeback.Lunch is finied. The gme
is going to statnow. Lefs go backto ou sats.

1 3 IPt's go to that net rstauant

Goodevening.welcome to Zko I'etkr. we ae lery dd
to seyou- How re you?
No, we are flne except that we e hungry! Do you
perhapshave tble for four?
Of cowse! Foow me.
Can we peps hav table nearthe window?
Here it is. How is is?
Us fine! Thnk you.
Hee is the menu.
W1atdo you recommend?Wht are the specilstoday?
w11,to starwith \re have isonkasawtw.
Oh! Tht eminds me of my childhood on the farm. I
rc^tly loved isonkasamanzi.
Is that so,t rr'k ri! Where do you comeiom?
I grew up on fam errdaroreri.
Near Queensto*nOh, I donl know that region.I Srewup in Transkei.Well,
let me asorccommedr?hokaqo, nng.tusho,umfit,,
mutton slew nd triPe.
I have fogotten,what exctIyis anphtkoqol
htr
&ruranteur It's cookedmealiemeal.
Oh yes,I rcmmbernow.
rtr
How
is your nfto (made)?
Jrnny
It's
wi
spiIchatrd onion. May I bitg you something
kr|turant"*

276
to dnt whit you e decldtrLE.Howabo wn4onboth.
amaewb o beerl
Themba
Lefs tsteall! We havebroughta bottle of wine. Canyou
openit?
Restauanteu Of coursel
ooooooo
Restauanteu Ae you eady to order?
Themba
No, we haven chosenyet.
Restawnteu Fine, I'l comeback in little while.
Jenny
By tbeway, Mnumunu, \'thereis the clokrcom?
Restuanteu Folow me, I'll showyou.
Jenny
Than you. Excuseme for a tde.
The oers
Thafs fine.
ooooooo
Restaanteur gerc's the meall
Jenny
MIn, it snellsdeciousl It also looki decious!
Restauanteur Well then, hope at you' enjoy you meal!
ooooooo
Restauratrteur Have yo etenwell?
The fiiends
Very much so!
Jenny
I would like to get youl ecip of nngqrrlr' if it is not a
sect?
Restauranteu I'11sk e cook fo it.
Jenny
I wotd be gateful.
Restauranteu lrlat about(some)desset?
The ftiends
Thanki very much bul we've a[ had enough(to eao.
hemb
May we have the bill now?
Rslurnteur No soonesaid than done!

Unit 14 Buying clothes and vadous African arts

and cafts
Gosh! Pleasejust look ar all thesebeautitul ingsl Woven
mats,wall hangings,potrry basketsandclothing.It's going to
b ilifcult to choose!
Assjrtant Good day,may I help you?
Jenny
You shopis rcally very beautifrM how l'm going to spend
a lot of moneytoday!
Assistant ThDs very mrch. Would you like to look oundtust?
Jenny

TRANSNONS OF DIALOGUES

Jenny
Jtrny
Peter
Pete
Petr
Peter

Jcnny
Janny
Jcnny

277

That would b nice.

Cl me if you needhelp or you wnt to Imow anything.
Oka ftor,azt. wod like to sit ookhg at dressesand
skis.
That wa hangg on at wau over dee is bautif,
Wich one. si?
That onepith e womansnoking a pipe. wlerc wasit made?
It was madeby e local women.
How much doesit cos! ftrri,tazi?
UDfortunately ese wall hangines cosr lot of money
nowadaysbecusethey e madeby hnd nd are of mohan
I undestand.
oooOooo
Ool You look \ery smrt, Nkoskazl That dress is very
bautituMt lly suitsyo!
Yes,bui t's bit small. Hve you got it in a bigger size?
I'll ook fo a bigger size.What size?
36.
Vl colou wod you lik?
Yellow o red.
Unounalelywe ody bavewhj.browDatrdgrenin yo

That's fine,I'11 ty on the brcwn one.

oooOooo
perfecdy.
It
fits
me
l'll
tke it! How much is i?
Jonny
you
l-f
buy
e
ess
trd
lhe sli I c reducee pice.
A$istant
They' cost R225 togeer
Fine. I'11 buy both but don't have enoughmoney. Do you
Jamy
acceptedit cards?
Dorl wory, ,\r*ort*a,- We ac.ept csh,chquesnd cedit

Jrnny

That's good, becsI sti[ want to buy other thngs like

pottery basketwe,d especialy ewellery) beds.(dtt dro)
Aistnt Yo me?n'ilttsmb'. 'Amaso' arcbigge tha itutsmbi.
Of couse!Now I emembr!
lony
wt
sor of bedsdo you want? NecHaces,bmceets?
Arsistnt
Do you ke theseanklets?

XHOSA

Jenny

Gosh!Everlahingis very betiful.Again it's going to be very

dif6cult for me to chooselLook t all the coloursl
That's OK ?glosr:t.i, tte you timel

Unit 15 Travel woes

Good day, rara,how e you?
Passerby Good day. No, I m stil tottering aong,my chp.
Can you help us, ,aro? We ae lost. Is his perhapsihe rod
leadngto Sdrdtle\ grave?
No, you on the wrong road.
Peter
Werc do w get (on) the right od en?
Passeby Tum bck on the rcad you are on now. Wen you comero e
first intersectionfollow e road to the eft. AJter tht, go
straigbt-Aile one kilometre you' seethe sign 'To Sdtld|e's
Wh1is the rcad like? Is it a lred oad?
No, it's a gravelroad.lt is sonthe winding like a milipde I
There is another rod to the dght which is shoter.
Unfortunatelyit is not good.
Pete
Thank you very much,rdtd. By tte way. whereae you going?
Can we give you a lift?
Psseby No. thaDhyou, I'm waiting herefor my daughter
oooOooo
DDn!The tyre woudn't havebust if we hdtkenthe tard
road!
Jeny
Oneis alwyswise fter an event!
oooOooo
Motorist Heo, Wfs the trouble?Can I help you?
}te1lo,Mnunza&. My tyrc seemso hveburs.. Cn you lend
me youl jk? Unfounately mine hasdisppeed.
Motorist \dt a shel Wait a minute. l'11ger thejck out of my boot.
Has you spregot air?
Peter
FofiunteyI pumpedit up yesterdy.
lenny
Tharlc goodness,you arri\ed, Mnmzanal
Peier
hdeed! By the way.is ere a grgenerby?I'm afraid we ae
soongoing to run our cf petol. I cn'r undestandit becauseI
filed the tnl yesteday!

OF DIALOGUS
RANSLAIONS

Motorist Pehapsere is hole in the la? You klow' at happens

qte es on counarymds.Lel's have a look!
Oh, havens!You arei8bt. Indeed,ee is a little hole ihe size
Poie
of a pa.What are we going ro do now?
Motoist No, don't worry. ff you have sonesoapl'll closeit up. Aftet
at you will be able to drive to the gaage.
How ar is the grage?
Pcte
Motoist It's neay, fo ow me.
Thank yot!. MnunEana You ve rely helpedus
Pcte
oooOooo
you, sn?
d
can
I
help
Mcchanic cood
dy,
Mmonaana.
Unotnatel thee is a litde hole in
Go
Pote
ptol
you
rDt.
Can
epa it imrnediatey?
my

lot
of
work
but
I'll try.
Mechnic Eh, I have
you.
I
ihank
How
long
wif
it take?
Oh
Pler
pehaps
ne
see,
two
hours.
M.chanic Mm, let
Ca you tel me how much it will cost?
Potr
Mochanic It's difficult to te excly.About R350.
Fne, Mrumzana..nt'sleve the c. we'llse eachotherlater
Pctr

Unft 16 Xhosa heritage tril

Did you have a pleasant
Thcmba How was you holiday
"ncxnosent?
trip?
Ir ws wondertul.ough we had som pmblemswith e car
P!tc
bur luckily we wee helpedby somevery kind peope.
I nunol We , it's usu[y ke that in the ruIal ares-But wheeexactly
did you go?
trolnY We staed o tip in Pddie. Sircmy univnity dyswhen
I ws stdying )osa I've always wanled to sit the
historicl places of e astem Cape. By lhe wy, whai is
Peddie in )Gos?I've tbgotte.
Thndi It's Ngqushwa.
Oh, yes, of couse. We[, we went to Peddie becausewe
I!ny
wantedto seelhi fmoust, the white milkwood tree.Afie
that we headed for King lillim's Tovn to visit the
Kfrin Museum whee there is a very interesling
co ection of Faditional artifcts.In the lemoonwe wet to
StveBiko's house.we also sild his glave.

280
Peter

The folowing da rve went offto Hogsback making a de.our

and pssing though Keiskmmahoh ifito the Amalindr
region.
Themba Oh A',ulindcl You know, il was in ihat egion rlat one of the
bloodiestbttlesin Xhoshistoly ws fought.
Jemy
Of couse! That's the battle thr is descibd in e poen
Ulhuthula by Jolob, which was one of ow (Fescibed)
poemsa versay.
Themba The whole region lre| Amathoe Mountains is tu ol
Xhosa history Thee e nany paceswhich arc nmedafter
Rhaabe clnefs.
Peter
Yes,we passed.ar./ile's Dam andlso sawlr'gqil.,3 gave on
the way to Alice. In Alice lve v/ere very inrercsredto visil
Lovedale College and For! H Univesi8 where Nelson
MDdl ws studenttogtherth many orhepresent-day
JenDy

I hadjust finshedeading The OchrePeople w'ittenby Noti

Jab!. I iheeforc very much wnted to find the housein
Middledift wheeher fathe,PmfessoJabavu,lived whenhe
was pofesso of Afiican langgesat tro Hre. Have you
ever ead this book?
Thandi
Yes, No Jsblr writes very well so much so that one can
actually see the beauty of is egion. Sb desibes so
beautiir[y the way of life ndcustomsof the Xhosapopleo
that time. Have you also rcad he other book D,'dlrn i,
Cobur'l
Jmy
Yes,am I not dght in sayingtht tht was he frst book?
Themba Did you fird Jbaru's houseafter I1?
Jey
No, unfotunatelywe didn't.
Thndi
Where did you hedfor after at?
Peter
We stayedat Hogsbact fo a few days.Gol The beatyol
that rgion is breataing. The peace!Atrd e tranqllityl
Te indignousforestsand the waterflls arc qle stuing,
and the many speciesof birds and their singing e just td)
wondeful io expience.
Themba You must have beeDin your elemenl Pete! personof naturu
ar you ale!
Peter
You ca sy that again! heeforc we decidedto stay erc
sevedays.

OF DIAIOGUE5
IANSITIONS

lonny

241

The next placewe visited /sSttteheim. We wantedto see

Sandti"'r grave but we got lost nd gve up. We wanted to
folow Srndji3 wlk but we hd no lime.
The following dy we hededfor Umtt. Or the wa we cut
through beautiful pstues,with cattle nd sheepdotting the
opes,passingtfuough Komga, Butterworth nd Idyuty\r.
We wantedto visit Qutru whee Nelson Mndel was bom.
Unfotuntely,his chidhoodhome is not therc any moe but
his schoolis sl therc.
Did you havetime to go to the coast?
Of course!W stayedat Port St Johns fo tbee days.
The nnretheel The hills descendingto the coast,e ound
huts and e maize fields! Inded, the couDtry is sti[ so
unspoil (it is lifte a young naiden!).
No, you've mdeme quitejealousI
On e way to Umtt, at Libode, we passedby n old county
store.It remindedme ofJolobe's essy henkile yangaphandk.
We actuallywantedto go to Cla.
lryhataltractedyo to Cala?
We werc inted therc by ftiends.
Wat did you do thee?
lve took p in lhe daily activities.And the kindnesswe found
thee was so hetwanning. In tbe evenings, we even sat
arcundthe fil andslenedto folktaleske davsof old!

E!O EXERCISES

Key to exercises

Unit 1
I (a) Molo Thdi. (b) Molo nma(c) Molo tata.(d) Molo sisi. (e) Molo
bhu. (f) Molo nkosiku. (g Moo
tMdE/
mrlrekazi.(h) Molo
nkosaze. (i) Molo mtwd'd.
C) Mowen mmerc
'll'lhenekui.
(k) Ndinsu... () Ndyawya
ukukw@i.
(a)
(nml'leje)?
(b) Ulala
2
Unjdi
eKapa?(c) Ndawoni kaye?
3 (a) NaDkeelje eKap4 mee
nal]ruerckui. (b) Ndiyapbita,e*osi.
(c) Ndiywy uhlLTui (d) Ndiala
eKape (e) Bk'lmdi ukulhetha
nwe.(0 Bekunnmdi ukdibda
nwe.(g) SobonanrTakho
klmitry. () Saakakbre.(i) Sadi
kkle. ) Hnb kakne.
(k) Hmbanikkrhle.4 () Uphil
njni? / unjni n j]ranje? O) t]bah
phil (c) Ndwoni knye?5 Nn
diyvya ukikwzi Jenn
6 raowledgeablepersontnevvafli
dangeioppotunity/chncetry, slive.
7 () ibhafrun - blbroornO) ibhedi bed (c) ikhabhalhi- cupbod
(d) idmw - dawe (e) iwodophuwa.drobe(t isheletu- sher
G) ibhokisi - box (h) itipoti - teryot
(i) ifolokhwe - fot (D iwoishi - watch
(k) ipersile - pecil (l) irediyo - dio
(n) iheji - hdce(n) isaji - cmce
(o) ibhayisikile bicycle (p) imoto -

nororGd) (q) ilori - lory (r) iteki ti (s) ifmu - fom (t) inali - money

Ut\it 2
I (a) Nsubi is:lm akho?/
nsubei? O) njdi trdd dje?
(c.)Uyafrlnda?(d) UfuDdaphi
usiea istftosa? 2 w&p: vaE;
valXa; {!!0. 3 () Ngl
(') Kunedi kakhuuurudibu
nwo. (c) Hrda phursi. (d) Kujui
ngokuphungoknyengoksea?
{e) Hambkakule.4 (a) tuna

(ukuphuns)
ikofn?O)tuna
(ukuphuns)
iti? (c)tun'ukudibana
(d) funauea
noPele?
(e)Ufunaukuthetha
noThnba?
isixhosa?(D Utunaulruhlala
isphandl?
G) Ufunauhtlla
isph3ki?0') Utunukuhnb
nsoku?5 (a)Nituna(ukuphunga)
ikotu?(b) NiD(ukuphs)i?

(c) NifiD ladibM mPete.?

(d) Nifia ututheth oThemba?
(e) NifiD Dluetha isixhosr?
(D NifrDa uhrar nSaphmdle?
(g) Nifna ukbtalangap[kthi?
(h) Nifna khmba rsohl?
6 (a) Ukretha iti okoy ikofu?
O) Ukhthauhrah ngaphakath
otarye ngapbdde? (c) Ur'eth
utdhetha s Cosaokoye isiNg6i?
7 (a) Msinsne!

243

(b)Masihlalephatusi!(c) M6iethe
hlxhosa!(d)Msiphunge
ikotu!
(r) Msiphse iti! (t Msiseleto
lb0ndayo!(s) Mssihlalngphnde!
(h)Msincokole!
(i) Masisale!
, (J)Mssiye / Msmbe. 8 () Bihla;
, rxlp / ePinetmds.(b) gtund4
lrlkolweDi.tc) Ilft nda,sikolweni.
Ballala:ePDeldds.9 LalNBUbai
lakho?rb) hlalpli?
philaqjaainaJrabJe
Poss,re
() NdiDguJohnSmith.
NdilalaeKapa.(cl Ndiphila
10 UJnny:Molo Thdi.
t].Irudi: Molo. sisi.
: Ngena. Kunjdi

namhldje?

lir Ndisaphila.Utrjdi wena?

: Ndilhona, sisi. Ufum ino
l UThDdr:Iayi.Jemy,

ikotu.UJemy:Kuugile.
? UThnd:Hayi, sisi.
rgaphande.Lihe
Ndigtuncedisa?UJemy:
un8andin(edjsd,
e!*osi. (a) yes

nit 3
Ndfirna uke isixhosaisNgsi? (c) Ndilr
Ndingatheth
isixhosa. (d) Ndizma
isixh6a. (e) Nditheth
karciDcinje. (0 Ndsannd.
Ndisaazamakakulu ia
istftosa. () Nceda
2 () Andiqondi. (b) Nceda
bnakhonr-(c) Andilddeli
Uxolo, ini! 3 () Hyi.
. O) t{yi.ndisnhethi
(c) Hayi, ndiqondi.(d) Hayi.

\.
/

ddiphilg. (e)Hyi, andikhmbuli.

(0 Hayi, ddituni (kuphung)kotu.
G) Hayi, ddifni 1nzi. (wrer)
4 (a) Ncedulhetheisixhos / Ndicela
uheheis CDsa.O) Nceduzekelle
/ Ndiceauzekele.(c) Nced! phinde
kwalhoM / Ndiceauphinde
kwakhona.(d) Nceduzme
kwakhom / Ndcelaume kwakhor.
(e) Ncedaundelele / Ndicla
dixelee. 5 (a) When was Paidrl
Neso Mndeaom? (b) He was
bom or July 18, 1918.(a)Wheredid
he ercw up? (') He sew up in Quru
it lhe EstemCapePrcvince.
(a) Wherdid he eo io school?(b) He
went to Weslyanschoo-Aie that
he wert to the Unive6ity of Fo Hre.
(a) n1t did he do after.hat? (b) He
wmked s policeM on the mes
but he cnied o wirh his aw srudies.
6 (a) KulhethwisiNgosi,isiBhuu
Desixhos (b) Kuthedrv istftosa
isiNgesi nesiBhulu.(c) Kuthethwa
isiTswanneriBhulu. (d) Kuthethwa
isisuthu nesiBhul.(e) ZoDkeiilwini
zihehwaecauteng. (t) Kuthew
isiswat, isiTsonga,isizul, iliNdebe
nesiBhulr. (d hththw iszu
nesiNgesi.(h) KuihelhwaisiTswra,
nesiBhrlu.(i) KurhethwisiYerd4
isiPedi nesiBhuu.) Kulhew
ist{hosa eMpm-Kooni
naseNtshoMKooni. (k) Kulhetwa
isizuu kwazulu Natl eMpmlg
nlecoi. () KuthethwaisiTswd
eMnt-NtshonanaeMda-Koloni.
1m)Kuthethwaisisuthu eFrefslata.
7 (a) Anazulu athea iszulu.
(b) Amaswti athethaisiswati.
(c) AmaNdebelaetha isiNdebele.
(d) AmaBnutnetbaisiBhulu.

KEYTO EXERCISES
(e) AmaVDdaathethaisiveda.
(0 AmaNgesiathethaisiNgesi.
(g) AbeTswanabathethaisiTswna.
(h) Abgsuu banethisisulhu.

Unit 4
r (:) aatshala(b) blugnc (c) !!a4i?
(d) UlsuDn'ndi (e) !ai? (f) abzii
btha? G) Uyinscaphepheyeziryalo
(h) qlgtrtitshatatazi (i) 4a4i?
C) lsixhosa {t) lcliNsesi () bzali
(m) ulgumphathi (n) llgugqnha.
2 u!hi slabha, uqcoci. !Ecuu!4to!, qloguqt-u!41w. s!!!limi!!!ophLhi,qDqeqeshi-uass@i
lathengisi umthwali (*portq).
ulbbi. 3 () tlhemb
ungqaphi. G) Usipho Dnkn.
(c) Ul-ind unsqaeoqi.
rdr L oaoho uom,dtui
usinoiung,Jur'uri1q ule
'.,
usuimi. r, L|lhudeta
uniunculi. rn-ruxori,ua
.uD8uquli. (i) tlYuan
unsumihenpn,ri) UIddi
, nlugqirr,n.l 1g,u-*
-" cuara,
ogabuukals a: ) Inrombi:
ngulrrl]m.Dgular'^nbulu:
n g u m ak bulu.( d,
5 Lo D Bu n ) as m
br Ngaba/alibm ((l lDrombijah
(dl | ngutaiorlluqm. le, Lo
^
nPuhor trm. rl YinlNlkui vm.
rt, \cbdrda bm LhrLo
npumjenrqm. 6 r.j Lrrl eflm
na'eRtub, UhlaleKdDrneoku.
yoni.
1"1U1.
"xi'.r"oU","t
eMDl]e Koloni. 'Jntu.
d) Uvel
(e) Ufunsa;bdtu abafDnaukunda
ukurhethisIftosa, oosonshishini,

b6ebenzi beentnpu {alq njlo.

(i) UsebeMakwisibhdlee
sblwana iRed Crcss.(g) Uya
kpikliniki yePimdy HalthCe.
(h) Usebenzeaimpni ycenqwelomoya. 7 (a) Ndivela e_j (b) NdiNala
e_ ngoku: (c) Ndiry_, / Ndi
i
(d) Ndisebenza
Ndiy_j
/
Ndisebenzel E () ndiseboDzqla
(b) iphkela (c) yditundila (d)
utuDdgla(e) bayath.nda
9 (a) Mditudi!lFl O) Mdidibanel
(c) Masincedilatre| (d) Maskhae!
r0 (a) ndihainbetrsoku (b) ndiye
emebenzini (c) ndisebenzensoku
(d) diye esibhodee(e) ndisoduko
(l) ndithee isixhosa yonke iflihl
(g) ndlamle ngekhad.
1l (a) llgebhasi;lge eopleoi (h) !g
eroPleq llgsnolo (c) lgakomsbenzir
nDgumpharh'
/d' lsshishini:
e-olr\ni 'er alalluru{a: n8mJ.
t ngetrlo.U Blgumrtu:Ba)inyokr.
Ulintta: I DAumkhombe:
Ulndow 13 UJenv:Thdi'
Berva lae.iphi i.ibhedtete:
uThan: Ndi.ebe/alsilrbhedlele
\br ulm iRedCo'\' t JeMv: Oo.
wen/umsebeuiomkhrlu l rhen/i
k h o n si mi d )onl e?U l ho:H avi .
ndebenaesibhedlele
lu:as'
laphel Em\a twemini ndhebetr
Ltri}iniki )ePmary Heal CK
UJetrn):Ngmebetrn oima
kao U tlddi: \awe useh(oza
lauu Jennj t reMv: \4ilr
tr8aphdlegolu Ndtsi ikot
nekeyiti. Ndigqibile ekhitshini_
(a) Jemv dd Thr (') aboutthen
work (c) in th litchen

Unit 5

I (o) Iphi iswehle? O) Luphi ubisi?

(c) Iphi ikeyiki? (d) Liphi icephe?
(o) Iphi ikotu? (1)Iphi iti? (s) Iphi
lspuni? 2 () Nntsi issekile.
(b) Nlu ubni. (c) Nant ikeyikl
(d) Nali icee. (e) Ndtsi ikofu.
(0 Nntsiiti- (s) Ndrsi itispuni.
3 (a) Ndirqda.
(b)Ndiylu4andl (c) Ndiyaitmd.
(d) NdiJqrthdda. (e) Ndiyaiand.
a (a) Yizalise. O) labise. (c) Lszise.
(d) lSsqiise. (e) Zincde.
I (a) Urjani nandje? O) Banjai
.ba wana?(c) Urjdi uyoi
Pikno? (d) Injmi Dkosikaziyko?
(o) Barjei abazalibho? (f) Unjani
umscbeMi?(g) Lnjani izrlo?
(h) Injani ikeyek? (i) ZiDji
lh.ng$,itshi? 6 (a) (Ionti) enze
ushq (,bisi)g&bilisi; (umxube)
pzlmiseeO)1%iikomityi zecasio.
i8!r; 2 iikonityi zeflwi ikomity
tbioii 90sn yemajririi 1j4iitisputri
&v.nilla eserc: ndel yl*wenzi
lmxube !@bi; iitin zekeyitj;
lplt yc-icing suga;250 sD
$m.jdini; icphelecocoapowde4
lo.ph lmzi. 7 Amqandaiiflaw;
lbholholo;iswekile; bisi; imjditri:
l.lcing suga.E ikofi; amMl ikotu;
obbii ubisi; ubisit ubisi; bisi.
t l(c) 2(d) 3(s) 4(a) 5(e) (h) 7(b) 8(0.

Unlt 6
| 1(b) 2(d) 3(a) 4(e) 5(c) 6(t).
I r) Ndiyasodol:kuyb!da
(b) Ndifudmel; kutudunele
() Kuyaphola:kuphole (d) Kuz
kunr ngomso;kui km tamhlmje.

245
3 (a) nini 4le G) embi
l.' eholilelod) eshushu
(e) ButusDkuobpbolilcQ.
4 (a) Siz (b) ansarhda
(c) SlnMye (d) a sathda
() hlxhomekete (0 uwrhuz
G) luza h,lwa (h) Ndloyik
(i) qzi kya [) tuvulhuza gqitha
(t) Nlza kuya 0) h4/aftth?
(n) ldoyiki (n) Niza kuy
(o) hrsbush (p) aldithlhzeki /
aq,ikhathdki.
5 Wether forecsl {a) winter
Mathe sikgele uba irnonlu
ydsomo za kuba r.ini n. Liza
ksibekellibndanenlshizme
Ntlho-Koloni kodwa
liqhaqhzeliseamzinyoembindini
nk kwemini kude kwe nekheph
kwimimandlephLlyo
n6ezintbi. Siya phayaeMpKoloDi. Gqaba1natuliphor
lift rvrlaa. Iinvul zia
kunwenweangasemp'rm ngomo.
y kuphelamvkwemini. (kr's
just hoveo lokdt ehat th. weather
wll be tonorr'. It wi be overcast
and cou v dtizxle in th. W8tem
Capbut in th. inteior l will be tu
cou6bnk
lour teethchatteratd
ereh sroe Jauing in thz hi6h reqis
a on he noMtails. lve go er to
the Fastem Cope.S.attere.Icloa^,
c@l eith light ruin. Thz run wll
in
rtredd towar.lsthe e6t tMmv
the altemo.) taanusezeo-zntn
zilmkiw ukubliz kuzola de ilanga
l,g4zr? //,ono)i eNtshon-Koloni
n8omo. Kdti krz kubhudlmoya
ongephikodw u kutshongmdda
kututshue Dorxwee gotuhlwa.

247

KEYTO EXERCISES
EMpum-KooDiliya hul lirhe
gqabaamafu,knti hngakho
reedudumo nva. (Zr. w"urtul
I (a) Uxolo, Ddikwenzaklisilel
O) Uxolo ngokkuphuamisoftc6te6 vi that t e befrne
(c) Ndilusizi. Ddeyii- (d) Urolo,
becohns so ho that the sb wll
scth evenhz ti.an hoop@bini in dilibele. (e) Uxoorsokukulindisa
(f) Uxolo, ndisirherhikkuhle
tha W6tam CapetMtmw- Werear
therc wi be a slish wind btt it wiI
isixhos. 2 (c) 2(a) 3(e) 1(b) 5(d).
be st@qe, nea th. coasttoeanls
3 (.) Yiza a. Kulunsile, ndiyez.
qnhg. In the Easten Capei vil be O) Ymr! Kulng . diyena.
(c) Yenzid soku. Kirlgile, diza
frne with a q scatercd.ku& dnd
therc couLl eten be thundet later')
kuyeMa ngohr. 4 / Ew-ndifrp
6 () Uyakwazi ukulhea isi)cDsa?
ipeqoli. / (u-97) Ndifuna u 97l Nced
Hyi, ndikwui ktre isizulu
ugaleeu-97. / Hayi, ndipbe!s5o
kcDckuphela/ qh.(') Uyalvui
d qh!loblnig. / N4zi. / Hayi,
ukuthethaisiNgsi? Ew. ndisiftnd
kodwa ohhangea uavesitolweni. (c) Ursmdicd?
/ Fka 210./ Ewe. Musa uleliba
Kt.d,Ddia khced.Ndilusizi,
ukukhgea mzi.
sndinkhoukukunced/
/ Eosi. Nai icba. 5 (a) nazablw
(d) Uokuza
andinkuknceda.
(b) !@alelw (c) btudukela
(d) Makulel (e) uzaelwa
ngol-wsih? Ndilusizi,
(0 ldazaelwa (s) 4lll (h)
dinatuz- Ndixakekile gqia
(e) Ndingakuforuel neonso?
Utshti?( lisebenzO Uishatile
Kulngil. (D Ndinskuglellanye
wea? (k) ldineentombi
(l) unsbantwa? (n) linbrnrwda /
ikomityi yekotu?Hayi, entosi.
Ikoityi enyeyoeekum.
ljlrabutwda (r) isecici
(s) NdingngeM?Ewe, Idicel
(o) (lfqneka (p) Mileyithi /
u8eDe. 7 () Nkhea izinto
Kleyelii (q) Bekumdi. 6 (a) tlbe
ezimddi. O) Ndiletha ikotu
nempelavki emmdi eRhini. O) Ulre
enobisineswekie.(c) NdiHetha
neholideerrlrudi. (c) Nditunqwerca
iiseDgwitshi.(d) Ndkhethainajiitri
impumeloemebenzini wokho.
(e) Ndikhe iwayiDi hophe.
(d) tlbhale kkuhe.(e) Ute
E (1) imyrna (2) iubhelu
neKsnesi enyoli mnya' omtsh
(3) iuza (4) imhlophe(5) ibonw
omdi. (f) On bithdays.At
weddinss.(On dE occasionof
9 'Now we (have)hopefor pace,
hesident Mandela'sMiaSe r.' crc
Now w (have)hopefor happinas /
Machei, fily monbem sg is
hroueh the coninp ol e slllmer
songwhich is trditionaly ody sung
i!9 / B@ds sumerhas now
come.'Fom a summerrtu Egio4
7 (r) 2C) 3(b) 4( ) 5(c) (d) 7(c) 8(e)
9(0 l0(a). E Tide.

Unit 7

,'

Unit 8

Unit 9

I amhlo;iindlebe: iingslo, iada;

iminwerileMe; iinyawoi iiwn;
|mazinyo; :mdolo.2 (a) Utrjui
umntwda wakho?Usesesibhedele?
(b) Ndilusizi utub ubhetek'ctnci
kupbeta/qhakodw ndonwabileukuba
usethayakwhona. (c) UrhDi
ugqirha?(d) Matjmbe ukubuza
kupbnakamsinye kwakhon.
3 (a) ilu (b) jfiva (c) ibhedi (d) usisi.
4 (a)Molo arna.(b) unjoi nnl'leje?
(c) Nusizi Dlaba usesibhdlele
uslra. (di Ndinsakurcedangrtoni?
(e) UD@nncll?(t) Ndithenb/
ndinq*enel ulaba uya krchcha
gokukhwuleza.(s) S14kaliae,
mma s l(D 2(d) 3(b) 4(c) 5(a) 6(e).
6 (c) () (d) (0 (b) (e).
7 (.)Unesibindi.(b) Unentliziyo
kkhlu.(c) Bdomqolo kakulu.
(d) Unonrlomo.(e) Unesandla.
8 He/shehd a cold hnd.(b) H/she
hs hot hdd. (c) He/sheSivessith a
eutitul hear.(d) He/sheh.s a white
he- (e) Eo yo haveheary knees?
9 ()\My hea is rore- (b) He/shehs
dVblack het. (c) He./shehs
pureheart.r0 (a) qbphi ulwimi
(b) 9z-iphiiiwini (c) nszinyewim
..- kweEnyeiizwe? (d) aluphi ul*imi?
(e) n8olalphi unyar?(D leEyiphi
iDydsa? (g) Neqdphi imini?
(h) kweli?hi ilizwe? (i) Keylphi
idolophu?() kwcliphi isikoo?
(k) kwphi ibdga? () kwflp

1 (a) LNkoiiknzi Bonsela

(b) kaRycroft(c) bak4Pet!(d) LaPeter
(e) taPhua. 2It is th cong or
Nxee.3 Ungquba,imbewu.imii,
izixhobo. 4 () Uphi - UnaJe'rnaryu.
(b) Ziphi - Unza?nnzi. (c) Iphi
unala! Ntsi. (d) Liphi - Unala?
Nai. (e) $iphi U&sq? Nasi. (t IPhi
unay!! Na.tsi. (s) Liphi - uala?
Nali. (h) Iphi uDyq?Nrsl (i) bhi
- Unys?Ntutsi. C) lJphi Unawq
NanrD. s 1(t 2(g) 3(O a(c) 5(h) 6(t)
70) 8(e). 6 (a) ezi zinto {b) loo kirv
(c) le mithi (d) oo mjtti (e) ez@
,thole (D aa heji. 7 (a) e (b) o (c) lo
(d) le (e) esi (0 lo {g) le (h) le.
I () EyoDa O) Eyonar(c) yeyo
(d) Yeyona(e) elon (0 eyona
9 (a) -qokeeaO) yahlukanisdi
(c) Faki (d.)-ole (e) ecDe
(0 thatha(g) -nkcenkceshee
(h) 'tyaeni (i) -zliseni(j) tye'i
(k) -scineni (l) -fe (m) Khunb'lani
(n) nqabe(o) -zm (p) londoloza
(q) nkcenkceshelmi(r) -nkcenkceshela
(s) nkcenkceshelmi(t) Lumki
(u) moshi {v) Jitelezdi (w) -scine.

Unit lO
1 1(c) 2(b) 3(d) 4(). 2 (a) rhe doush
is ealenby o dog. (b) The sol is
beatenby the sun.(c) The chidren
wereeltered by bid. (d) It w$ gone
by the cusbm. (e) Ths thing is
deprivedof dne. (t The dep of a
poo s flt by a stick. 3 Horcscop:
obituay.4 () Bmcokola e olisini /
emseenzini.(b) KakuNe. (c) BaYa
ekhefi baphunge-(d) Ngo/Kuba

2aa
uMdy un)selwe ensebeini.
(e) Entlangiswed.
5 I (!) Ndiyiecprionilt;
r (a) kako {b) a} kba kho (a)
2 (a) Ndinguryheki; 3 (b) Ndiyinratheti. (c.)akazirb'lya (d) kakho,
() Social worker (nted). o,r
$ekhy. (e) wutho () yiho
conwn! s lokasd he semi.e ol
2 (a) ndingaetha(b) Ndilsizi
@ e4ergeticharI-wotkinspe8on
(c) usd,kekile (d) ushiy umyaezo
(||ho caa wo hard) ik chia
(e) Melee ulaba ndiza kdzama
pbte.tiok. A.lriver's tirea.a nd
unforvueia kwathoDaerva
kno\|IedSeo Xhosaa.. essektiaL
raomini. 3 Fo exmple. Wrong
kpenen.e ia chA caft atut tpeakiw
nmber (Inombtoewrongo)
Ehglshand Ahiktuts wel is o
4 {a) Utuna ukuthethanoNksk.Bib.
a.ltuntaee.Sahry negotiabte
(b) Hayi. akako. (c) Uvie ukuba
@cordirg to wo, etpeience. Send
uNlsk- Bizo utunaumtu oza
,out cv and referencesJth@
lotrmcedisakwirhishini take_Utuna
Peoplevho c@ be htkte.t and the
ukweua jsicelo_(d) Uz lozama
job appli.atato _
Conng date ukufo@ ngentsimbiyesirhdrhu.
(') Receptionirt / secrery
s (a) Ndiethe oval narrmje.
'ir -.
lwed). A welt k bwn gonqe (ptace (') Sira oy Llbea ifilim nsecaw.
that rcpans dsel @rs) t ltukiag
(c) Ungaharnbaarhi? (d) Lrval uza
Jor a ft@p|otii / secrctary.me
kondiphuum ngrsimbi yesihtaDu.
appticanthatt havetheo awng
(a) Ndiabanrwanabaaru,
skilk: be cohputer liretue; abte t
iiDtombi ezilnbid nonyda omye.
wtue aad send@.o@tr: \|ite and
(b) iniyalezo enine (c) iinomboto
awer all lette.r; .ormw.ate with
zefowu er'nbini (d) matiki
peopte:speakXhosa,Eagtishailt
nhlnu (e) iiDcwadiezinrndarhu.
Atikaa6 we . ht'e.ience in
7 UThdi: Molo sisi. LtNolnsa:Ewe
ycrctaiat vot* is atsrequirc.L This k. sisiKurjani? tlThddij Ndikhoa,
ircltu1es:@ennq cals aail
srs! ngaphodle trje toebnzi
enquirks; dealits with vti/r,rs;
Unjdi wem? trNons: Ndiphile,
\|ing l?ttqs and postine outgoin'
enkosi. Uxaketile? UThandi: Ewq
MiL lookins afier aU s.tatiok,r.
Iofmek diye venileni_Sifu
preparig tueetinSs-F CV I thee uDlugiselela irheko ngoMgqibeo.
contactablereferencestr
Ul-ubalihe silgeMa ibmyi
7 (a) sood (b) bad (c) inreelting
ngokulw.Singathod& uhrba nire
(d) bmve (e) populd (beloved)
wenaDosipbo?Sia kumem nrbanye
( engetic (s) howledsebe
abahlobo.UNomsa:Eosi
(h) kind (i) lonely C) experjnced
Dgokismon.NdigarhaDdaukuza
(k) cal0 (l) diligenr (n) fmous
kodw ldiza kuthethaDosiphokuqatr.
Ndizr lokufoweta ngokuw
okarye ngonso.UThddi:
Ndiythmbaukubausipho unot(za.

Unit I 1

KEYTO EXERCISES
LNom: Nam ndiyaihemb.
LtThandi:A1. nkosi yu, seyi,s
o'cl@k. Kututa ndkhawlek
ndiyeeverhleni. Sobontua
ngoMsqibelornhlwumbi.I-rNomsa:
Karmandi. (a) ys (b) ye! (c) no
(d) no (e) yes.E 1()2(t) 3G) a(c)
5(f) 6(a) 7() 8(d).
9 () nabui? (b) Nsubani (c.)bui?
(d) eyiphi (e) Nsub8ni (t Irhitri (h)
Ilhini (i) Ithini C) ntoni? (t) ngantod?
(l) Yintoni (n) oni? 10 I (d) 2(b) 3(e)

a()5(c).

Unit 12
I (a) iserta - cenhe (t') iaeDi - flt
(c) iayhtu - tlyhlf (d) ihoka h@ker(e) ilothu - lock (f) isikmhafu
- scrumhfi(g) ireka / fiont ia
(h) isikorc - sco(i) isoka s@ce
(j) narikiri rickes.2 (a) Yrkhel
(b) libdnhel (c) Yiphlel (d) Ysqitbise!
()Ibethel 3 (a) nini (b) awaphi
(c) trsubdi (d) neubni(e) njui /
nSubani(D bei (s) eliphi.
4 (a) Ndisdlala(b) Aalidl
(c) Adisd (d) Ndcndikte
slidala (e) (Andi)zsendiwudlalq.
5 () Kutheni wera uwuanda
umbhoxo?(b) Kuthed wen
ukult'anda?(c) Kuhed we'
unSayithandi?(d) Kurheniwn
ngokuthandi?6 ia) wawde
ulhunga/ Wwuthungantoni?
(b) Wawukdeunirba/ Wamnitha
nldri? (c) Wawul.deucla/
Wwuculr / ntoni? (d) wamkade
udnis,yeyiphiiniduiso?
()wrwuk'de ulobaphi?
7 (r Uytryitlndirnidlalo?
(h) tjxhn$ cliphi iqol l

(c) Uyayibuteh inidao iimabon,

kude?(d) Unemistyez
yokuzolwbisa?(e) Uyawuthdda
umcuto?E (a) {rqnele
(b) Eycyindoko (c) $r9dalla
(d) wyepsomye. 9 (a) Usipho
ud,bnanovuymi. (b) Ebgnl.
(c) Ebeguainy8a yonke.
(d) Bdhetha trgoNom. (e) Ud
nsokubeka.(0 waw, wophuka
Dnen,. (g) Uuna ukufowunl
myei wthe kuba ufun ukufmana
isibhedlle.10 (a) Uvuydi utuna
ukufowunelmyeDi qoDhlobo
qae. (b) Uvuymi ufuna
ukrfomnela tukosiki yotrlobo
lrake. (c) Uvuyni ufuna
kufomnel bzalibaDobo
Iake. 11 1(g) 2(i) 3(e) a(a) 5(d) 6(h)
7(c) 8(b)9C) lo(t.

Unit 13
r ()tlkuq'aar:mdi.
(b)AdiaDbithi kutya.(c) honkr
dindcasa. (d) Andithmdi nym.
2 (a) kokulnba (') kokunxw
(c) tonsebezi (d) kwedlu
(e) kokutu da sqitha. 3 (a) Imituno
midal kakhdu. (') Ama apile
.mdi. (c) Isuphuayinaqlwa
(konke). (d) Ndnhndnisonka
esiDhlophe.(e) iwyini ebomw.
(0 Iitapile zishushr / ziyoda.
4 (a) Umyo itafile ybntubabid
(b) abaath (c) b (d) bau?
5 (a) Ndiryarara nsphandle?
(b) Nceda/ Ndicel uziseulhlq
lokurya / inenlu. (c) Ndingodoa
goku? (d) Ndinsaf,han iwyini
ebonvu? (e) Ndingatunda imifuno /
(s) esinye
iziqhno! Ndingafuman

EI

KEYTOEXERCISE5
iilayi ssonks O) obunyeurywala
(c) enyefolokhwe (d) enyeinela
(e) einyeicephe(t eDyeitispDi
(g) enyeipleii (h) enyeikonityi yeri.
7 (a) bed@m O) sinins roon /
rounge(c) srudy.8 () 2(s) 3(D 4{b)
5(a) 6(d) 7(c). e (a) Ndinsaond
isidudu,iayi ezibini zsork
esimdaka.qdda elithambileyo.
ibhotolo nejm. (b) Ndinsanda
yam ebdayo, isaladi, isilayi
$inye $sorka esiDhlophenesiyi
esitryesesonkasmssi (setizi).
(c) Ndi,ganda inyarnayesusha
iilapile, imifuno neziqhamo.
l0 itswele elkhlu. imiqthe,
iimbotyi ezintsh4 iphizi, iimbo,i
zeswekile,igaliki, ipasili, iitpile.
u (a) (Kuba) utunar.wnzaisaadi
yeziqheo. (b) Ama,apjle,napere,
ipayina,ii-orerji, paika, bhalm
nevtaa.(c) Ezinye zihlaza ezinye
ziwrhiwe. (d) Ivatala imadi
mamnzikakulu. (e) Idla R?.
(f) Akthensi mkhiwe rediya.
12 (a) Ncedauhlmbntapile.
(b) Mus ukuthaa ape ezikolu,
aa ezi ezincinci. (c) chuba
matswee ambini ne,apie(elinye).
(d) Nqunqmtswele (Iuye)
rcga. (e) Tshw* ininqae.
(f) Hmba nagqabieletisi
n@tuMto. (g) zsa ezinyeizirya.
(h.)Zisekhbhathiniphezukwesinh.
(i) vua itoti. O Vula nale.
{k) Khasrungiseiafile. 13 Nomwyo
othndekayo,Ndiryathdal
ulqikunem kwisidto sDgokuhwa
neoMgqileo. AsiboDdmga ixesha
elide nsoto ke htnganandi
kumokoa kathoM. Ndirhemba

ukubauMgqibeoDgokubwaulnngil
L!we. NgothtrdoNoms.

Unit 14
1 () Ndsa{,anmna
(b) NdinCafunara
(c) Ndingayifrmana(d) Uyayid'engisa
(e) UyazitEnsisa.2 () omphi
(b) eyiphi (c) eziphi (d) elphi
(e) awaphi.3 (a) advedismeDr
(b) urahonbisa(c) liLaopopi;
lEDqawailqDsxow(d) iinasi
< nusG): iitsheyini < chainG).
4 (a) Uel eKpa(b) Zpheite
(c) Uensa iingobozi ezinbDi
(d) Lrrihrisnge-10%(e) Kulo nyaka
uyo. s I O) (c) (d) (e) (D G) (h) (i)
(k): 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) {h) O C) (l).
(a) ananalaaaaninzi
(b) qaqmbileyo (c) laiturshm
(d) uduu: ifJhipu; ezintle.
7 (a) gmhlopheianny.@; duhaza
{b) iboDw; cnrsudu (c) zilubhetu
ztho; epiDki. E () ngaqbg?;zone
(b) ilungieyo (c) kundj zoe
(d) ind urea; krnayoihla"-.
9 (a) kuengonyan (b) kmehlosi
(c) kunodlebende(d) kunenyosi
10 ()njengony@ (b) njeryehlosi
(c) njensondlebende(d) njeryenyosi
11 (a) i,kosikzi / Dfazi: fron
unbhinqo 'sht () uboni (c) lizwe
{d) wmemr (e.)ukunhna (0
lgoDye; n4gumy; ulgudni;
ulgu amli; bzirhd; uliumene

Unit 15
I l(b) 2(d) 3(g) 4() sC) 6(D 7(c) 8(t
9(h) 10(e).2 () indlela il8ile?
(b) aymgozi? (c) yindlela yea?
(d) yhdlel yeerbile?(e) indela
iskhiwa(0 indlela sel' inwe m.
3 (a) Uxolo Mnul]la. Unsedincd
n?Ndillehle. O) Ndifrna uhya
kwiveile ineu('rdr c'aY
velileni egm lingurrdrt/ C/afs.
Uyayazi?(c) Hayi enkGi. Ndiyqond
aphondiyituma khona iveile.
Ngai ikututshd rm. Kuqal ndiz
kuhmbansqo, en% koko rdijike
ngsekune,emvakoko kutunek
ndijike nsasekhoho.(d) Enkosi
Knndi /
kalhu, Mnulru.
Hnba kakuhe.4 (a) ma
(b) zifthm iibbi eziya (c) ay
(d) liphi is uhlo leEbhasi(e) tr
phi ibhasi eya (0 ainqabilekqle.
s (a) &ona isdaji (t) Ithona
iventile (c) likhoD. 6 () ivetkile sO) isibhedeleei- (c) isikhululo
sanaposaes (d) ifowni 9-

(e)usqnh
o-(t isajie-G)

idolophue-. 7 () Ungndikhwesa
M? (lr) Unsudincd n?
(c) Unsddibolek ujck?
(d) Unsmdibonisa indlel eya eRhini?
8 (a) azbbenzi(b) Usebenzi
(c) Ibheki y$rl)dla arisebei
(d) 4isebenzi (e) hlbi sefeste
yegphambili aisebenzi(f) Isibe
sangsenvssekhohloesisebeMi.
9 () Ndinevili eudseDl.moya.(b) lvili
lm lngaphambili!sehDenIleti.
(c) Imolo yam yaphufle. (d) Inoto
yam ixigile. (e) Inoto yarr
yiqhwii. (0-1tu eMi.
(g) lphellwe yiF.o. 0) lbhetri

yemoio y ifil. (0 inoto ym

ilsalwe. 10 (a) Inoto yan ibiwe
O) Ujck E ubiwe (c) Ivili lin
lolleliso Ubiwe (d) Isipaji lan libiwe
(e) Ingxowa yenkosikei ym ibiwe () cala. O) Maluns
etilonetha zishumi.(c) Ayinde
k nsako. (d) NgUqo wesabile.
(e) Uneathdda lllbuk idolophu.
(0 Apho kukho indwo ekhuselekileyo

Unit 16
UR JolobwasbomonJry25 1902
at Ind\reened Cla wherhis fathe
ws a minister He frst wDtto
schoob at Indwe md Matatiele.In
1916he wos senrto St Matthws.
From 191onwdds he taughtat
diffeent sch@b. At that tire he lived
ear Mt Frerc wheE the )(Ios
diale.h 'isiBhaca' ud 'isiHlubi' and
Soo ae spoken.Therfor.his
)ftosr wd weak. His ftst t'ook,
Uztg"?,, wd extemively coectedby
SBK Mqhryi. P@t LureteHowevd, when he ws tecberin
Bhobhorye dd Manaznhe
lred pre )Cosa(lit. which is
spoke by the amNgqik).tn 1926he
w{t to Fort H in Alice. Therc he
traircd as a miistr and@eived a
BA dege.Fom that aimeorwards h
pubed my books: Udy.?d
('orchl'). ,,@o ('Sl,oris'),
Etuidin lo Thkela('or nF butks o
the Thukel') nd others-Uftltlla is
th most ootrtandingmorg Jolob's
p@ns ,spe.iallylus love poens. It is
a marive poemwhich remindsus ol

2Sr2
Heenof Toy. He editedrrny books.
He also trdslared othds inro Xhosa.
In 1952he ws wrdedrhe YiLzi
rnedby the UniveNity of e
'WilwateNmd. ln 1973he receivd
a
DLt in @tnowledgemenrof his
Xhossiting fton th Univsity of
Fo Ha. Dr Jorobedied on May 16,
1976.H w neve b forgonenir the
histoy of the Xhosalnguagebecse
he enned it dd iis cultw.

The County Store

Eve if you de a arger ir is no
.tifficut to @ognis a courry stoeir
o viagesbecauseit i3 the
homestdwitb e mostprominent
buildings d which is also
suroundedby trees.t...1Mey black
peoplar ueary !boutcalling whit
@ple by en nami nd tureove,
lhey lik to give the white pBor who
works amotrgthem a nmin eir
ratr8uge- a num rhat usully refen
to the peculriesof il! omer
Th@foq you wil find that aI the
white shopkeepersin e vilags have
)sa names.As spectacl wrenor
very como mong bcksa whire
who dived wariDgem was
imediately clled 'arrr Eprl A
short,chubypenon wotrld em
hirtrelf the n0m6of 'ra)l A cEp
oozing hmn kinalns would be
clle'In@ o thz Pape'. ...1
Pepsyo my lsre rhat ar
slore trdewas coducred wirh moey
onl brt rhis is not so. This sroe
rcsembesa nket plcetu oer
espects.Fo someto buy g@dsir is
necessrythat they emselvssell

goodsto the shopkoeperOnebrings

eggstogeer wit e sadnews
behid whar necessitares
eir sle.
[...] At this storeir is not enoughthat
onty bqyhg d selliDgakesplce,it
is tsowherethe ni of rhe de
comes.Thus yo will fid a pile ol
letten in e ile che6tniled ro rhe
wall over therc. [..-] Apat fto e
poirts aedymeDtionedrhe counny
storeills amer gap in rhe lives of
.he peopleof the ea. t is asoa
gatherirg plcewh@ peopleD@l
one tuoe nd whee nessages
Soingio aeasnot edily accsible e
disseminated.
Ar rhe sioe, yo k ow
that you'll meett lasrone prson
who is Soingtht way To say nothi.g
ofth youth bcausethe young people
aladyeqioy te ctairy oflowing
thl the storeis the pl&e to met,[...]

Xhosa-English

vocabulary

Nouns and verbs arc listed in lphabeticalorder ccoding to the fist

letle of the stm, e.g. !.hambo, ,kthamb, ,lwazi,aromi, tsok.
However,e questionof wherc e division beiwenprefix and sleln in
many Clss 9 d 10 nouns 'presentsan insoubepoblem' (PL H w
(ed.)p. xxxv),e.g.:
tngozl:
inc$,adi:

or
o

ngozi
tnc'adi

ingozi
incwdi

To void possiblecoDfusionbetwenese nonsnd lose that belongto

Class5, which alsopref,\ 'i-' Our 'dtur in the ptuml), e Clss9 pfix
ttoughoutthis book is 'tn- e.g. t gozi, iticwdi.
Nounswhere 'g or 'k' is insffted fo reasonsof pronncition,e g.:
tngqokelel(< iqokelel)
in&{aso(< ,rt!.xh$)
sted accordingto the stm of th verb fom which they are deived
The bold numbeNindicate e unit in which the word fist appersor is
expained.
sa (iz ) sayiq,idim a
t|vtnlul to sepdtute9
-^h,jl}'ene be dtuorced7

spho... khomwuu... 8
Iwpl'la to breakA
i-iprl (aM-, appte 13
-sekhobrol" ls

uhakhi (ab-) buaet 4

isa}}iwo (iz ) buit.lins 16
rlalahiso ( ) stsr 15
ut-a'ilka to veave 12
ak8ndla srenstli,poeer 12
btlalo |im-, tu bed a
uixlsakelato wl.one li cept 14

ulva?pM to 8et acqMnted I

uLrarets to ktov fun 7
uk||ari to kw lt ktole.lge 3
ul
to irtb.luce 2
is ',?k
a,h e11i sen ent lo
^zi6tt

B
ukrhatbe, becow lO

294

XHOSA

Mbsta (m-) colout S | lrla

ilhoklsi (t!) ,, r
,bhokhn (t,-) soar 16
t'|i.ola eknarqyo fotbdu 12
ihol^ y ontty ?i tu tbd 12

ltheki (,, ) rulu 15

uku..rs to ask,besJo 3
unced-ft*be/i (obo-)job afuic@t
10
kicela (izt) appitutioa, rcqwst 5
i.epbe (M-J sp5
vkuchacllt to recder I
vlachnto aift, hit 4
-ch rLiIe), prc.!r 10
ufucb,la to erplain to 10

-blele be htekteltt hot 6

tubaleY.i(in-) ahlete,tume, 12
ituhlsi (iin-) heoti 4
kub|Jla trt@Men 13
-bblekile b. inponant 3
ukub,mbi to hold onll catch'.5
akabanil to be cou 5
(aro, stadahl (t school)8
'rrDga
tutube (ini-) ligl.,rnng6.

kbhudl ro ,l,D (wind) 6

bbati (oo-) btoth.t I
ibhtkhwe (n:) trcw.rr 14
itlahi boto cat 15
-hi bad, usu 6

ukuc^to tm$e 16
u.ago liitsczs) door 5
i.\,r^ rclisious senice. church6

,itbne (i.i ) liSlt 15

tkub:lfie to bt(lowthind
ibindi ltrer I
-bini ,ro 5

-bttzt vide I
ub\ro (oo ) (h)t) Jath 1
ubawok,zt (oo ) (tu, patemt

,bleldsi (ii-) /4tl4rt 13

ukubaa to qasgelate 6
akubeko put, place, lay 9

ukabolato deca!, tut 9

kubolekto btnw 1la lsole

ilrhfn (ii ) bathtuon I

!&bonaka td reefr 10
rrbon:s5M td drrrr 4
ulebola se. eachohet 1
inbotsi (in ) pe16
mboneo (ini ) poeft7

Mcoci (aba \ cteawt 4

itcoko (ilt corvetsatio"; .lialogue I
uk!.othdss to speakvet slvly 3

mbonso (ihi ) dhibiti 9

itubotyi (in-) srcei be@s 13
-btlluDgpaiL ror" 8

Mcttli (aba-) sinset 4

14

unhhli (aba-Jwner 4
ibhaatt (dtu-\(teat) bet 1
ilthtxi \it) iacket, ct 14
tuhyisekile / lrrhayisik e ()
ihhedi (ii-) bed I
isn}r.lc (izi-) hospitdl 4
Mbhi'qo (ih1r) skitt t4
iltbillt \aM ) watuk 14
kubhit!^ o Losev.igh A
-bttityile hin S
ihtrtatrui (iJ blouse14

-bukhli s/ia? E
ukuhrll to be g&teful7
kubtllsel to grcetJtun 8
-buthkahkyear 9
tnb1re (ini-) otg@isatioh 9
ukuhry^ o so bock, relumnft a
uktbryela trctum o 12
Mtun

(itui ) .tklton 9

u'obwo (oo ) pateriat aunt 2

i,jm (M-) dan 16

kuddnhilgto d zriate 8
isid{ g.legree,tucklace 10
ukalajao .larce 12
mntso (ni ) .tarce 12
nd^:vi ||hercabouts! |
klehe (iin-) tmph! 12
ukunita'n D.n-o neet (vith) 1
udli qwlt, 14
-dikidiki tu/..,zm E

ukuchlthto spefld14
i.bitfaaa little pnd9

rdiliya Super 13

u*uchoph^ to st dowr, perch 7

ktudlto eat 10],t.ost 14

-dh goku- ral E

ukehwdtato do voowot* 12

ukullalMdtqili to bot 12
undlala (itui-\ eaw 6. pla, 12
unl (aba ) ptayet 12
ndlalo dqhury!ro rnlal 12
udbro wan'nqn boifls 12

kuciei'fa to thnk catuluttJ 4

tibhkabhk

295

VOCABULARY
XHOSA-ENGLISH

in trtsh'e(iir-, specialist14
incva (it ) booh lefter a
ucw.rl (oo ) shw a
D
idabi(a%a-) b.11tL16
uftwaho hb I her lthet sste2
uihdewerhu r) rte/ 2
urlaweanyour sstet2

r0
iadleko (im)
"lP"r" 16
ielo (aM-) pastuft
iacl (in-) ,ar, tuad 14
udliwno-rdlebe dten!ry 10
t',rtto sakuss,P4tldrt 13
iruo sagokuhlwa i/pper 13
iruo saseminil@.n 12
izio zakwa{tn lditiotul ale 13
u*uoko\ato tu (ship) 6
inlo\tt (iin-) etphant4
inl (izin-) ho6e 13
ill ymgsstotLt 13
ukuns b p6s bt 15
itodl(.M') M3
idolophu (ti) ro, ls

296
iin&tndo spe.rdtles I Blaes14
udotrg! (iin ) wattl4
dova (i) .lrawer 1
iiktuall''m thunler 6
trdux (i,, ) li l
ukuJ.rjiato becotu fawas 9
ulud:we(izit-, list 9i h.hu 13

E
ekugqiblei 4 16 5
ekuphdei kwa- dr rlle

o/10
"Dd
Baa Yw- ae | behihd4
enas knenini n the aerun 4
ukweta to .lo, Mke 4
ukwrf,lisato hurt 6
ukw.Eet\ to happen5
iartple (i-) aetuptatu |
iatyld, (it) pea li
F
rama (i) iam 3
Ian (aba-) youns h@4|
ukai a- o be like 6

XHOSA
Mo (aba-) t'tto|| |
irorokhwe (r:i/or r
(, eltowl
"loidinit
ak!^to takephooeraphs4
otltoti (aba ) phtosapher4
ukowrrter)z to phore (Jo/) 6
iow|toi / o[i telephne5
iTt|rtshi a/e,./, (aneuge)3
[riii (ii-) i.tse s
ukuttdLels ro mow to 7
'uk\tttilala to becone wan 6
-htt"l be watu 6
is.dri.7n .-) hater6
ulltula (inrt streMg
a!tuma|la Ctunlno to s", rd 5
ukumaek^to be obtainable13
ukuntulla nea-tofnd t abtut 12
uku'lu]nEla
to stu fu4 3
ulJdt (aba') sttdent,papil 4
|'risa to teach3
ukudisisa to readcarefillt 4
isituo fiinflolo Mjot sabkd rn
ku|,,D.et^it it tuesrary, nust 3
-ftmeka) r?.Arary 5

ttrhi Iren6
-f|elekiL! apprcp r ate 9
ranBha(ii ) fumnure12
ua \aba-) woMh E
iib.ji-) bett ls
uk"zhJst hide owsel l0
ukuthhra tbe batied 16
unfrno ||ild spinrch 13

G
g! (it) saden 9
ig^lelo (Ma-) coitrbutioa lO
iigtto (in-) am I
igm (Ma-) tue 2t word
uns^qo (ii ) tudd 15

SH VOCABULARY
XHOSA-ENGL
igi'aji (ii-) satuse I
4hi gca gca gca dofted 16
brycapllepbeye.ity alo horri cubuI i st 4
ukugcia o look ofu At keep9
uLu.igta -pbik to keepa@le!f 12
iigohozi (itu-)baskt 9
tbe coa (hMN) 5
ukugtoot
ukugodrkto go hM 4
igoptre(M-) cune I be rs
i Eozn.dnget,ac.i.Lt 12
ukugqttuL^ to bl,st (of a tyre) 15
ukugqb^to d..i.le 13
-gqlhile hal)efrsished sonethins 4
irgqi[iba (lr"-) elo, E
ugtqb^ (oo-) docto (r'dictt4
ig\tba (aM-J trudintu| hzalzr 4
soll, very,too nuch s
ukugqtrht(elt" o Ws (ot) 5

igryefu (aM ) tNyet 4

ubuqtqvetl legalpmesion 3
igrabile grdel 15
ins[bo liin-) blqnket6
iwg pre 12
iglmhi (otu-\ tuod 5
tgumbi lolaDdl rt dt 13
tgmbi r& !h lomge 13
*oDbi lotuhlmbel kttc.a 13
isrribi lokullabedn 13
nt lolphkeh ,ti' l", 5
ig]l'mh lokutyeladftitnon 13
u}4grg16to ttstate 4
uttg.Nn @bd-)trsl4tor 4
uk&Ewegxelcz to Mke o.ltt 16
i"sxaryr ti (ii-t watedtt 16
isxargb^ (aw-t shoal.terE

H
bg! (it) pi8, hos 13
ku|t^nbato so, ealk I
ukuhxbana- tgo \9ith 14
u|ahamba ngqo to walk snaish
ukhsmhftaro contit@ 4
ih,be (arc-) hose 12
iheji (ii-) he.tseI
u',na Gnl) da! 3adate lO
adlita wokuzlv brrhda! 7
a'I glv,,i (iia-\ pnjesot 4
evry dq 3
lor,ke inl
^ rlvn1
ukuhli to cone
9
,l abthi
(ht-) r/adz 9
tr'hr.kro -ord
ukblalto stay,lile, sit I
!lhamba to waJr E
ir,llmbi sef$t e ri"/J.Eet
wpel 15
amutpjsa (inr\ tunsoose 9
6ihlargu (lzi) r/roe 14
ijathi lelo N (M-) indigdo8
ble (-ntle) beautiJat2
imbo (atu-) secret13
Mhlekazi (aba-) sr t
ul@hlie to rcue, bins dowh 14
ehtoF (aba ) nmd I
nobo (iinaloho, kin l / sot / way ltt
ubuhloboie shp 12
ihlo (aM-\ tepaI 14
,l,hu ltrt 5
ulub\tlokuty ftetu 13

XHOSA
uluhfu lqezi'elo baetuEes 13
ilo\l hocke! 12
uhhl'nbfta to ddo'\ decorute14
iz\omt'iso-nzt[lba j a elery 14
sil,mbo (i|,-) patem 14

J
inja (izin-) dos ro
irlJmai c"rror odsuge) 3
drJapi./4/urcre odsuse) 3
ileTn-, kdet 12
kujlkt ato samuitt9
injiel: (ir ) msiuer 4
uLujos!*a to tk as 5

K
tabini trr'.? 6
thle! l',ld,n! (exclamtion)6
tkubi ,adt 6
krkhlu erf 1
kajztdi c elt/gootibye6
ikla''lpsti (in-) co".pasy 4
[msi]a(re) !@& srotbr 1

ke tha3
isLere sol]ta\. prunhg shed^ 9
i]detile(il) kttle 5
ilrekt (i,) .z" s
Xhb'th; (t) cpboad I
ulrkhal^ to cry .odplan a
ukut8Jaza(nga-) to conptdil
(about)
isiwa]iiso (i-\ usi@t instrunent 12
uku\hallia to repoit (ca) 10
kaY,ligeletl@1. .heck7
ukukh''ph to acchtpdt,6
uk krr^ny^ to shitu 6
-khphLphu lislt ddf 4h 5
Mkhaaro (aba-) rcrice r4
ukukbnazek^ to nind, wot! 6
uh.z.klEr[m t wor (owsen E
ikhy^ (aM-) hone 2
uktk\^vJezs to hay l0
fthei cd, 10
*hetu holidar lO
!f,nketho rnb 16
ukukbetl to choose1i prefet 2
bitshi (M-t kitchzn 5
ijf}n$^re (dtu-) frs 73
kuY'hr'hlelstcouqh7
ukuk\olwa to belevelO
unuombe (ini ) no 4
/Iakhombis toprirt E
-k\.M here,ptesentI
u Lht',,e cold,flu I

kisto atso,6 we x

kangnngotuba rd ,&c[ ro 3
uknia (oo-) cousin2

,ati* (o-) .ou\n2

VOCABUI-ARY
XHOSA,ENGUSH

ukukht'jlja to qtu\| tupe!3

-thlu ts
fl*ltkh|| a,o rtle$ E
ukukhttslek^ toJee, be chfoftable
(ir,-) s@poIs pIi."
'lrtkErIo
iiithulo sbh8i 4 rtop 15
unklnuva (ab-) etdar brcthzr2
ukl&binh to ftnehber1
ukkhvdobuto renitut 5

utukhtpa to takeout (^lso vMir) 15

u|,J,rphlswoMt.h, conpetition 6
ukuun$el to ptutec lO
.lrrselekile be safe15
tlkulnll,dzz to en ourage 14
.tttheb b. ilge ln
dqkhyela ibryi*kile to tilc d i&" l2
ukukhwej.^ihtrc to ide a horse 12
ukulwelis to gtued |lft 15
kJrB (it) wheelbatu|' 9
ljtho (in-) colledion 9
iklinixl (i'-).ltn 4
kodw , 3
lkotu cofee 2
inkokernGin ) tea.ler 16
it'kotiso Mjonr, Mnr 12
i*omitJt (t:) .,p s

j
irkosszs arokbosazma) mr I
,rkosi (dtukhosi) cnefa
ink$j}i (a%Wosjkt) nadan 1
-Llekele rftap /rrt l0
kude/ar ls
kufuphi tr- E4r to 1O
t/kkho (itr tu 14
k\\tt'gile try weu,dll nghtt OK 2
kneeli:udlarrolt)
inl nKa rbbish.wdse,Sarbase9
}ltnye M- toqetherwith 9
knsa in he tuonin& early 4
if,kthalo diligee 14
kheni? (+ pacipil) v),?8

kediail little chopl I

'kwerkwe (mkhwenkwe) o:t'1
Dkwwsi (,iir) rtdl 10
inkvenkva little bo! 1
,
kwindla aetr (Class t4) \.
kuku (in-) .&ke"r r3
L
ukul?tlele to be lost 15
kulzl (-lele) to sLeep7
tkulsllfA to Mk sM@

lie dovn a

ahr,'t\bo (in) fivt 4

unlI'rbtlki ldrge rtuer 4
klardel tololl@ 3
'ld.ls!o nett, Jollo||rg 6
sph (n:) .lotl' 13
ukula\rala trirc.t, rule 4
unla\tJti (aba ) dirccor a
ts yi (i?, ) rli.e 5
tlaibhi (i!) lo
skulata 1oMch n5
Mlqrglengs (,tu) liarstrst

ileth,i lettuce 13
-leythi late 7
!bah (-libele) tdryet 3
tklils to weep/.ry a
ultli'I. toJam, cahiNae4
ufti:n (aba-)dtut 4
akuliela twait .for 11
uk iats tkep soneonevitins 5
uhillng to , on t4
;rokhwe (i'-) dzrr 14
Mlollt \im) oh A
uk|.ttdoloa tsdve9

XHOSA
tlori. also floli () la.r] I
lubhelu }?llar 5
-\rhl9m srcek, blw 6

\^ kwini ih the afem@t 4

ukuk^ o gaway 6

,jwimi (ii-) tongae,targuse 3

M
ukurE to stop,stailt 7
rmabona-kud ry 12
,"maborwkude ry 12
ur'ttgq'!he
eAest sbter 2
imasi (ii ) nas 14
unakzi (oo-) (hy) nerut ant 4
uakIr (oo-) standnothzr I
unsako (o-,IaJet s

eeet,

im-r,ttato war of tiJe 16

molo / molweni &"ll, 1
uktio{ha tdawSe 9
moto tii-) (tuotor)cat 1
umo! (ini ) |'iall C ar 7
uhdtppa tpunp 7
-,6u|wa pure, ikhocena
tmncmDcu d?r.re/r13
-myo l,et

16

at- and | |'nh.0o) have2

--.t ! to denotea questioa1
ukab to strctch 14
@n kvabo hs/|shhen blothe. 2
unnIw.thI ny/our bbthet 2
u,ikvewt vu. brother 2
nam he t@ / akl / with tue 1

tmaatyi (oo ) tusistate 4

-n mli wet 6; juic! 13

-tMv.]penme.l15
ukuoarhthateajo!, relish 13

oomr* okbtni s rutupatents2

natqoa abhought6

ambe (ni ) Mize 13

tanii.r any tire 16

nantsi (tkofu),c/e , iJ 4
naph;M antwherc 16

imeko (ii-) sitwtio| lO

i'.la (i) Ini|e r3
ukmelato represeat12
rme!! r, 4vire (Passivemen}) t1
lohlw'mh; peaps 7

ukuactphisarcarce $xstye
-ncirnisEa) 10
ukuctlko'tcha 2
tulncolo (ai) erray 16
^wotrye togethet5
l,Ndeblc1{dercl" (languag)3
.ndlongo-ndlongo.ora 12
xndwerdwe (t) azd4
9
'isior
lnerc trltth 5i indee.l5
trc\e (aM-) Beatlew I
ta.l''ekzi (atu-) lady I
,.ani stubbom 14

umatnme (oc) Mteral uncte2

mam^ (oo-) nother I
ukun ttel to listag
n"rung na- cokemirs 9
ebanla (nl) Esi 16
l?'i,j'mei lle (imi \ delieht,

,mtshini rot4cheb dgc l4n

mrcedisi (dzu) a$i,!rar I

.nct[ne ffial. little 6

-laa nice,pleasbtl,
ukutiik to be arcfut 9
ukulglea tu preparc 9i set the table
13. rcpait 15

,(HOSA-ENGUSH
VOCABULARY

a*ewith I qnd !u 7
a!phlua naoantthiS 16
ukcgn^ tu help sn@re 5
ukuancd^to hetpatetc! 5
akues to help son@re with

()wba peps 1r
,giann! hN much?7
D$kDbi
3
"qe.t4lt sohtnes 4
ngrtuale an!Q4lt^
ryaplaktbi r'rn\de2
ryrphal'lti 4futt 7t beorea
n$phrfttle orfr'd4 2
nsaphandle kve- utsideof/

30r
ngokuqidsekilqt o .drrary 5
ieo\wlero
enougl, sufr.ien 6
ngomnophlo.arci) 9
ukffiEqonga tu sn atnd
-tgErk,r^ rcunA5: blu a
.tgobi2 I ngor'bi2 wht/atel 2
-.tgr iz be ia a hurry 5
uttg'nlm" (imr) hole 1s
m'lgrMls!4
little hole l5
ukunrkaumoya to Bit spirit, i.e.
ut1tkazi-khya (aba-) husewife4
fina ailo. ro (pl.) 2
utuinNa (aba-)rounser bnther2
Mninl(k,i, (aba-Jo\9ret 4
ulinzi Mjortry, tur

12

to n;rto o so m, etc. 4
nli2 hotf? 1
enga- la 6 3

genera- be.Me 06
ng$qrphe sual"rt 5
tNgei ',sltd! (lmguas) 2
rgethrsnqalu.hl) 4

pnesot + nMe 4
'qingabrri(o-) ro ,arer 9
/ti.nkcEnkcesbeh
usla \@-t secfttary 4
urlosadi (oo-) swtd 4
toko n a s%ll wa! 3t thovsh 14
noLuba yintoni
2
no.thotholo (oa)
-/rarerer
r4dio 12
in$mttrla yeo telephire kuftbet 7
. matlainteresting4
non \raiil (oo-\ tibteian 4
rao!.Nebo l@ \ ftdsu@ 4
/noDsendi (@t
4
",4
unotato-nn (oo-) sociat vorker 4

ngoLanelktle), ptup"rly 9
ngok,lwa n the ewnng 4
ngokthawulra 9!i.H, 6

lopoat (oo-) pst%n 4

alodla^ (o-)butcher4
uio' enklle (oo ) shopkeepet4

-D's;il how My? 6

aga- ifl the icinity ol
(i)gathi t) veru 5
ul rycals to t6te 13
-EcoDoGaM-) bette (thar) E
ia$$ah (atu-) E@e 15
ngellw wortMely 3
ukiryerlato cow n2

3o'2

XHOSA

-th ryo b tuprise.I 5

qk|r (M-,

wtittek dti.Iz lO

ww'"e (in ) .amt r3

q'i (M-) frst 12

tlxt't| to chop 13
h.tsqsr! (no-) urd hut 16
wn ,wui (itu-) hot 14
rnq\eela o pt! 7
abana^k.{retlEtry/l, sbliags2
abanl^kwe!o!r sblings2
abrkw&to hisqet siblngs2

wt (aba-)p.lro 3
abat abaal^laaduhs4
ubtnltt hM.kcetua3
vmav{'o. (aba-t chia|
rb tta\natt\ chi Ahoo.l 17
Mnwntra

s%nMl

lMnmzgm (/Mru.) ..- M.... 10

unwe(ii-)frnsea
uebe

(inD a phe s. tup

latbi kr',a-between5t its 11

,ph,'l)fln ostling 12
tuhsBbut ('-) nte.re.tida rs
ukuphiryEla to work 4
phte wa 15

o
akualol^ o o.let 1O
-d, (-) llce4
-okqllrr 11
oknmgoku atpz#

phanbnkva- d.t 1l
laphath tMMee, tule 4t t hol.l
11

}'tphhel to bing Jor 14

4
unp\i (dba-) Mse/
utlph,^;- ba*bevi pt sotre I

ubffin ife 16
Mon,d^ (in-) ttuubk, dMse
ukongtlato rue er 4
(db-, prerle 3
Ms"reti
MnziGit (ob-) Nre a

rs

ukoytk^ to be {ma f6
-or e oil T

,r,:dibo (ia) dreri 14

,rwme
i-) co6r 16
-\yisik

be ght3

-rye (atueron) oE s
-Dy(befoe nou) @otl,er s
abdayesfue, othe6 4
/nttbikiss dr$orre s
ukury to cLn1bl:2
ukryfElw o b. pmtut.tl 10
-rEtu^ difficuh, h.@r 6
ub@ir h.@iress 14

P
in'4 ltr^ gtudsr iiqpabl^ clothes14
tip lt $zi \ wattat rs
pakthe(i) p@ket 5
pal'[lftte padimat 4
ukup!p,6^ to publish j
ipayi (i) pneoppla13
isPe,JiNoth.m Soho3
inpel^-ve+i (ii-\ \'.ek d6
ipe$ie (i.i)".tr.t/l
pere (m-) pqr 13
t'pesbdi rycl 13

uAld,llnffa (dba) Cabiretniisrzr 10

ukuphazaa to Mke nistakes 3
ukutazs o intempt 4

isnnk^ iana3i cheeseli

-oDkeaL 3
ork ftaxsh arraF 6
r:oDli (ti) over 5
uko waba becone happy,happikess6
ukonL^lEla ."joy towthing 13
ulu mwah's t eni@ esel1
ukoItk^ to bredk 12

tdtik (hot liquid) Z

"Laptung,
ilrtPhtezi Pat Slere oanguage)3
rtzphthum talec'
isip i (?O nim 3
,pilisi (ti) p'118
iripimtll ryt@t 13
(ti)/kt
13
'rpled
ipsa (@tu-) potieMn 4
uptorffi (oo-\ pne{ot 4
tDpDello sk.err 7

o
w@hick tuaiz.por ge 13
uksq'itla to qurch (thirst) 5
mqala (ii-) thruat a

u;i,'ph: (aba-) cook a, ch.l10

ukuplle|to .one t M .nd 6
ukuph.elelwao b. usedup

anq*aelo (imi-) Pi ws

ieph^ (Md-) papet s

iplph-ndsba (aM-\ t |pdpet 7
iphepha olqhub dtrer3 li.?t.?
t0
-phBlle!^ ovneos 12
ph6ll! wa-ot th thet sdz o13
phzul p 11
phe',Ikva- ofl top of, abe 5
1 whee?|
ulapbit be we , be alive 1
ufupbilaqete to be conpl.tlt we 5

ulaqeqh to troin 4
unqeq.F,bi(aba-) t4iier 4
unqeFh\ra (ab-) .nptoree 10

isiphoQn-)sift u
pbotuthen12
Mphnko\o tueal. tual pordg 13
uhtpholato be.otu cool 5
\
I

303

VOCABUIRY
XHOSA+NGUSH

tkup\l,h|.la to listef, 7
ukuphnmto so u7
uAaphttwreta na@s4 succeed4
uluphtt'lj trest, rel S
ukuziphv,9 to rcst eself 13

iqa^ (aM-) ess s

sh/qaqitbs to shine6, o thrub A
-qaqaithile bght l4i st@nkq 16

tlqha8mhlsna /4- to cotta.t l0r

el$ -qhatanlhela nai.t}ld/,o(aM, pturerb 1o
isi.tb.o (izt) liait 13
-qbelekile rctuL 6Ml 14
ahi qh ' hldup 12
itha (i-) headcoverins M
&uqhoboshaol4ste" I
akuq}'rh to connnue3atu dnve 4
4&qhubelaphmb , ?rc8rcsr 7
uqbih; (aba-) dire, 4
uiqhl,4,biststo beatwry wel 4
ullt\\t|J.s to starl (cor) 15

304
utun

VOCBUI}RY
)(HOSA-ENGUSH
ro becohe stills

ukuqokelel^to coqect9
ae.'okel.j.(iia ) co ecnoh7
qokobhe(M-) sheu9
ukuE nda tu /le6teid 3
iqo'x (M ) dasree10
iqondo olshshu t.tuperuture6
ukaqhhato swh lO
q[ub (aM-) ben! 7
inq'n (iin-) priwiryl lO
(oba-t stewadzssI
mqtryztki
inqr,e|o.rla (ia-) @nplare 1
R
trestSr (i-t restaumt 7

hobbr fi
tsheietu (ii) 3"f1
tshtshiDi(it )/a., 4
rirl*ii l@(mdi /rlirturs /to6e 4
isbishiDi enprrra.r,ri,B.tol, 4

ioyiletbr rr& 13
ithuba(tu-).hMe ro

It,,pll (iO potao 13

thjolhlr lMMi hose9

it!.tmbt bdded .ollared ne.kldce 14
uktthd^ to senIJza
iztththu tadc 15
lthuthu lw?ezkuni ad, 9

u},,I'(kazi) (aba-) taitoll

ukushiyfato be lefr @er 13

ubuBh! heat6t iaet I
ihaka (-th, dsppear5

lnt,'theti (iitu-)jounlist 9
uretr\N'Bttr (oo-t sraJdtht 1

Eta (iiit-, eathaapea a

-sibikb be overcast6
idko (am-, cu'tm 10

i|lra ra. 15
uh]ihab6, insa\\eb to takepaft 9
.lnabttll},ile be inpresse7

stu{,hl^ree, stuns M
isiD.l (r) bdifls s.h@l l0
ukusigtto heato,16
,sitrti sdt 13

itharr (atu-r leer(lradi tibnr! rz

,hambko (an-) rlapd 16
tnffibo

n, I oar sistet 2
'mskwtht
ulo
la to sty.reMn 1
,!ldi (l) rdlad 13
isnswilshi (t'') ra"dwi.n s
bans} (M-, entrurce,sdt9
rpho (iinL-)JMiU 4
,ku%nt to badc^t 4
urua6d (aba \ btuadc6ter 4
ukebenta to work 4
ukushe[td^ to wotkr 4
Ms.berri (oba-t enptoye. 4
(in) vo* 4
w*bwi
4&/sbezistd a? 5
Akela'inqt'"n u -pdrcipal 10
akel to dr"k (cldiqvid) 2
(tn'-) wolrz@mbie

Somardl }e idigt, 4
/o|tralhlshli (,) dru.,r,'@
klsombull ,o ralr? 10
BoryMp (oc) reJ'eree
4
flEotoro (@-) nillipede 1s
isist sto@h, dbrlawt 8
ulotlirl^ to cone fiw 13
usskn (iino 24-hur&a 6

unthwati (abd-)po er4

ize stepsA

@sarzsla

Itltr,mpI (ii t stnp 12

(atu-) boke9

mahaja (nr) shtub (s"utl tre) 9

ulflabin^b bve, lik 4
4
/rhmdo lare l3
isi,,Idw^ dd4.lading ll
ithng, (M-) pupkif 13
htfhth.la to takz.lot 4

il;pl \itJ teaspoo^5

irukohlza vrra 6
utltF,hla(kazi)(oo ) teachera
ititshata./i) (ii-) teachera
t'rnm (ii^ ) batte. .lough 5
itrsngaoiso (tt4) nreifu8 10
ttrtlngu (pl-)pdir E
enyeikto a other thins 3
tuto ydngl turethins .oA b driak 2
kutolikt o a$late 4
toliki (ii-l transatol I rerprcter4
inamhi(iin-) gtl, .laughter I
intttha?ia littl. 8i l
an@glombt littlz 8i s 1
oti (ti ) ti,a9

Mtherylsi (oha-\ shopassistdn4

isti (ii-) r/ 14
trisutu sdtD olrgrge) 3
r'Swti s"a, (language)3
isrvekileraSdr 5
T/
i.tsba (n-, rcuntan 4
int^hski hish Mwtain 4
itle (i tdble 13
inr^L^ (in ) bi..l I

rilhee (nr'-) .lrron r

isilh{lhi (z-\ speak r 4
u"hatho (in ) law 3
tberipllt (il) tape 12
!tuntnn6'

stick3

ukahiywt be nared 16

e|alFllat phorc sonee I

-tth^ krcbhe veryresh 13
2
tuts (aba-) ec. |
^ephN
-tsblle be Mmed 5
nrst8tsbtn Qn-)chMpion 12
ukttuh^y^ to toke 7
lsl.ekl(i).h.qk 14
(ir) .n,t' 14
'.sheni

30
-thiph bha rery ch.ap 13
!*ltshirash to c/r8e l0
uku'lhis tbum soMthikg 6
intlhtxo (e'-) rz: 7
ukut*r.na to so down (srt) s
Washonalargaw6st3
ukutwezs to grute 13
i,tllfibi (ih-) sol bead: 14
ttsimbi ya%qaaha arHet 14
ialstunhiynel,lobrdcelet14
iard yonll n.cHd.. 14
iatsimhi cock ll.
be, m
^lso
agef,tsimtti,a- a ...
o'.lock 1l
intsonl (k-) Jothale 16
isi\hg Tsotugdlaqwge 3
siT\a^itI3wanaltus@se 3
t6w. (aM") ofloh 13
intuaahlobo eafl! sMnt 6
twrre(ukuth) lt peec r14
isty^ (-) ttish 12

XHOSA

v
ano\a eperiencelo
ukra o heat uhl.rstard 3
raa^ls (i-) wotemelof 13
ut vetto ctu.fton 4
un:rdc(aba-) rsitor 10
tu,VendYerdddguage 3
,Dltile (it-) d,op, rroz 1
hettklh rmgaphahdle .ou,utt
ivlJl (ana-) vheel, yte 5
i's lolaterln spdrc wheel 15
ak!.:lingcato .lose up 15
ukvrukato wakeup 7
uktatrta asree,ann 6
i*\nbr (dtu-) rost@ce 9
ukuvl'mtr to aow (fot)ro
(pssive-ma)'elqr alored 10)
ukt'vlJfmel5mto be in homory 7
isiYuio eftiliset 9
ukum.z (komra) to bt\, 6
ukl ryisan n- to rejoice wnhT
uknza to leak,.lischargeI
M\w (ini-\ saa't 10

iyatra'dtn (in-) flower 9

uknyehieatetuch14

thini! sosh! 14

(ri-) raldrcre 1
'wodmphu
-rvo*e-woeplic 11

uawate (cIass 14) beeaatcohts

xl

kussela ho- rD.? 16

ulBuela t- ... ukJr /.",ton...

tn (<xeha)whte 13

l'llze (so) thdt + subjunctiv. 6

,iabiso eltphantsi low ptce 9

XHOSA.fNGIISHVOCABUIARY
it'E st i (ih ) ptuue a

itbr.' (ii-, suppo 12

z*vaN|rt
utu'3l3l to tell tp3
M
'a
liftl. \9hile 13
tkltt,'s to be Mio6 lO
uktdh'sa to su?port 12
Ma.n@ba-\ supponer12
irtftCo (M-) oa M
iegoll,ari (aM-, otd wotu E
uktua to .!ot (tla1ltio@l) 12
urtDtso (in-) ia.liti^al dce12
-f,tolieketu deper.t on 6
rlxhN x/ru (lansuage)r
(M-, herbalist 4
frxllong
'J]rrere
to !.t@iE (nedicany) E
be
stwkls
-&ile
ukrol.J,Ltoosa'e 13
peaceipddoa / c6e fte I
xotr'o
@ntr'e (inr) nixtute 5
ukuxt];sll to mix vry well4

tnditiotul 13

I unzal^ (aba-) cou'in 2

ukmal3lw, to be bom i!/s

ukl,,alwa to be bon 3

is6r} Qn t re^on 1o
uk@e}.elel^to speakslowly 3
unzekelo (in\ Nmple 6
-rlc + c.opultive/, o/16
ai- nlsel, youtsel, etc. 5
izrko @tu) h.anh 13
unri(itu-) hoMstead16
ittiba (z-, d.ep pl in a ver lt)
(ini , bod! E
udia
uat to etch, brits 5
ukuzobto pai, rld\) 4
M''i (abo-\ arist 4
Muitho (i-) ustratiol 5l
uazola tftnqtillitr

16

vmyat zo (i-) tusdse

intldal (i|t miit,

won 8

t',ryeni (ba-) husbaut 2

ter (aMt ru.ti.iM E
rnr i (aba t dasisret 14
urlse (oo-) hzr I hisathe 16
ii-) r!'!'r.^,t'y 2
'iutrivcsilhi
(i,:-) Io' 10
'iurc

ewryenc l0
-zoudleletyo
unzrtulvana (aba-\ sm .Icha2
iztu]I inoldlr.dthzr 5
alzlu zl& (laneuase)3
ukwt t wif, 9i obtain lO
unM(ni
) ninute 6
(in) tuMrt 5
umM^ia
iti'l e (M-) cosnta 3
itizwel?'zi(M-, contihe 4
ilNn (M-)

rice1r (arsospoket

309

NGLISIIXHOSA
VOCABUIARY

English-Xhosa

vocabulary
c@pt,to &rmklt

bad -bi

ccompy, to ,lzkhpht
equainted, to gt d1@ ra
address.del6i (ii,)

bdket irgobort (,rr)

adveise, to frvziss; r?bherge'.

advertisenentiroriro (rz-);!,ribh.ge"l
@-)
dviceicebiso.t Scebiso

treautint -ble; beutyrrl

be.aute of nged! yabed ma ihlo (m-)t rhedi (ii)
bdroon tgumbt lokuhla

clebrate,to !zbhiyozg
certrinly ngokuqinisekileyo
('z!)
chan
'rtulo
chnge,to I4fJhirtsb!
chrk, look t, to ,zlhmgela
chid "ntwm (4c,

aoplErqwdo-nols (iir!);
r'{opld (,
fraid. to b *oyikt
afrmoo! nya kwemiDt

crfin,to be !*luDk
caetuuyngoonophelo

cup ikonity! (ii)

(mr;
cusro0
Nitheth (r.i-)
'siko
(dd )
custoner
"dtherSi
dger gozl
d^8, d^y utu}Ja(idi )
daughteriutonbi (ri-)
deep-Mlu; depth!rnzulu
delicious-mnandi / -no6a
deped on "xhomekekekudie, to dhubha (hunDs)
difftcut -nzini dificulty rrDzima
dniqroon lgunbi lokulyelt
disoss, to lbotuao ,tuxox
dish i.ya (,-)
divorc4 b -brutrere

bttethnngcoro knbetwoe pht&ahi kwa'

birthday /Dhl wok"lws

aI -onk
alsokanjalq kaDaialo
nina /r,roi dilwny (domestic)
(.)
nswead nrpendlo (,tr)
nswer to tuphetduh
applicantMeli-nsbenzt (ad,)

4sistnt mn.disi (ara-)

at ast ekgqiheleDi

blanketrEubo (tF)
blE -lulza okwsibhokabhslr;

cloes (arsosoods,lussage)ttrpahl
coal rrrhtyi (t, )

o6tipheryone (ae); ,,q!awa (la

hoil somethig, to abilisa

cold, to feel lgodola

@lo Mbls (Mi); ibl (lru-)

bob, to be(ar)utuzr(el)Fa

comftom, to ,lrvl

boy ki'ertwe (amtwekwe)

cometo nd,o &phel

@onble, t -khululeki"
competitior flkhpblsno
complain,.totlkhrlaa
concemingDrlunganacongEtuate,to ,.tlluyisam naconserve.to tdondoloza
contctto, /l{qhgmshelam mconnue,to a&lbnblr
converstioncoLo (i )

beldst sqro-,ak!!4 lr,bafe6i

build, io !*r*h; buider@kht (a )

blding dkhiwo (iz-)
bus ,bh$i (n:)
bus slop tisht rebhrsi (r?)

os ni^ Gnk-)
down phmti
)
dress,to (slso we)
"lB
driDk to ksel (cold)
rphoga
drive licenc tphepb'Gnme)

3 ro

XHOSA

especiayr$kumbi
een8, in the ngokuNm
every -onke; everydayyorlre irltlt
exmple nzklo (mi)
exhibitiotr Mboniso (rri)
exprinc@&ri experienced

fil aele

sendem inene (al?4)

glfr tnpho (!zt-)
gn t tombi (i-)
give, to eznikt ,*ph
give a ifr. to u,takhwelise
so, o (with) lrzh|nba (n,
go homq to !*!godut

fme 4dumoi fmous, be -dmtlt

fily lsapho (.rt-)
famous.bec. !*durn
fdt DAokuklawulz
faer ltars (dd); fty faer bwo

good Jngl"
soodbyebmba(ni) / sala{ni) kkl
studchild Dzukdwn (ad)
Cranlfatherltatomkhl (ro)
smdmothd makhulu (@-)
gareh, to be rabuea
green-lu r okwengc
gret,to (fo) 4,tub'ril)a

fill, to lz[r
find. (get,obtain), to *dum r
fitrisb. to tgqih4 firished -gqibtle
fil @,rio (mi)
lst 'oqali ftrsdy nqeh
fish tlaMi (in-)
flas ndw (dn); iflesi (i-)
flou ngubo
flower ,rtyatymbo (ift)

fores.(indigemut thlthi 0lo zv)

foget. to e/4liblq
fork ifololhwe (i, )
fiend

"nhrobo

(ara-)

eow p d, ukkhuld
gust8dwndwe (ii')
had trlrdl (!2,
haplEn to !aeDek
headdoko (tr); hedche-nentloko

holiday thode; iLhefu (a bMther)

hone rHtrya; at homekhsys
homssted/nzi (mi')
hope,hmb (aM,
hospitlthedlel (tzi)
hot -hshu
hous iadru (izir
how? qiani?
how big, ruch? -nglnat?
how nrny? -rgapbi?
hngly.be lambtle
ht, b -enmkllsllz
hulry, to /&lthwlc
hury, b in -ngxamtle
husbdd Myei (ud )
if ukuba
in, to be nxgI
iunediaiely kwaraoko
impotnt,it is kubllk!/"
in fiont of ph.mbi kw.-

lette cwdi (i )t ilet (ii )

lie dom. io &dala pbsrtsi
ght ilrtDne(t.!-)

ste4 to /trt'lmela: /&phulaphul

little -nci|rci; -nciDre
ve, to (= reside)Jalh
loDg-d
long ago kudla
look aftd, to llgcim
looka4to/*ujonsek
lounge teumbi lokllo
lovely -myoli
luck rth.msnqa; luckily

keep s.o.wailing. io txlindisr

key trtashko (tz,i)

mary, to /&shat. mie4 b

heai ntliziyo (M-)

help, 1l),znced; hp 4c4o
hep onesef.to /razcda ,l
help somoe wi something;to

tnife ter (ii)

1o% to /b'rl lnowledge lwzi
lady,lnkoikazi (@Lho6ikzi)
lngge/lwimi (tt-)
lg -thu
last -okusqibela
leleJtd, GmvakrYxh

hod on. to abamba

(@r)
hole
"dsxDa

te9 untente (ini-)

ilfo|tiotr /n tzis
injured,be -en"kdisil"
i$ide phakalhi kwinstadof cndarnl yrintGt hdl!; interestinS-nom.lla
intesectionrtmbuh ('r)
iroduce, to wszisa

kitche fthitshi (@a; igDbi

,,frlphckel

hi -phkrmile]r

3tt

f NGTISH-XHOS
VOCABUIRY

leve io tlhamba, l}&mt

ndagq to lphah
maser Mphthi (aa )

ne,l dtdlo (,zi)

r8dtcae qr (M )
meath, to &"dibra Dan@ting D.lngaDbo (ti,4-)
@! imoyu; Iltl /ridya
nessage@ylzo (tni)
mitk rb|3i
mistake,to maka ,&/phram
mome ezuzwona (mi)
nonlh; n@n nylrga (ri )
nomlng. in e klasr

3r2
motocyclr]riluththu (ii,)
mountrin t'ba (-)

nar(to) -kofrIlthi nneessay. it is kuturck! ..-

point, to ,*"khombise
police@ lpolisa (4ro)
poce slation tskhululo rtupolis
(rzithululo umpolisa)

newspprtphepha-adab(aro )
nxt (comid -lr[del),a ( ald)
night rrcuku: z night bu8ku

pblic phone!oxUri kworke-wonke

nrsioryi(kazi) (4
afiani[,i,

oy kphela, qha
open,io lzlul, be open-!le
opportunity ithuba (tru-)
osanisario @btho (r,t,)

pain iirtlur8; painfrt -bbhrgu

paperrpheph (am-)
pssnsd rlmbi (ara)

pen /siba (iltr6iba)

phap6bhlawumbti G)rsaba

ord /ndlta (ttr'); mgqo (r,4t-)

toom lgrunbi (4ru-,
lubbish
'4kukna
lld.lualzi
a|f. "khusdekilgo

prcp@, to rlulrgiss
pesidert Mongmli (ar)
pice lxbtso (atu, (low eltmrsi)
prcblen irsxaki (,tr-)
propy Dgokunelekilyo
Protct to &uthusIa

ofentuthl. .i'd6ha
krDlzi
old -dah

3t3

INGIISH.XHOSA
VOCABULARY

in, lo 44na;/lmetha
rady,be (finishd)-gqtbil"
receive,to lt/fDara
@ommerd, to ltzcbis4 rtlbalulr
ecove,to &/ch.ch.
rcsion unndl (Mi )
lax. to lkhululka
remmber,ro e*thunla
remind, to .t }hmb|n
epi, !o !*4lmgis;
"llhnda
rcply, to 4*4phenddq.
rquost,to rtucle

r
eq@srlbi@lo (,zt)
Bemblq to ,*drna Darestart irstyu (,i-)
retua fum
"zbu}la
ride, to ukuthwel (cr.ho6e)

"ela

sti '6- (ndisatund);-se- (entsha)

srop,ro ma; ltnir; ul4yek
Btoryibli (@); tsoni (ti'-)

lly, to *thii say s 4trtsho

rchoolirikolo (t-)

mll, to ltzthcneisa
rcPaate,to utwabldt
tlalt Q,

oe i'rrd'gr (izt-)
op tvcrkile (ni-)

qustionnbuzo (id)
qckly rgokuldrrrulezr

st tion irisbi (r)

sty,bo(= IEside)br;

studert Mtundi (44)

study (for). to kltnd(el)a
study igumbi lokuftdela
Bucceto *phmella
suddenlyngaqpe
sutricindyryokwa&eyo
sn ilancr
suppq tridlo sangokuhlwa;rilimls

isalrtbiso (tz)
(dow!), to l}rr'|sh (phntsl)
,lil achlc
.tjrt Mbbinqo (iai)
.ky i,ribhatrbhaka
tleep (wel), to u*dla (tathle)
slowly kide; ryotcoihaJo
lmall {ci[ci, -rcirane

srnreiari (r-)

solmhlb
so@tins 4n4|rye @dshs

taxi iteksi (!)r by ti trgtekl

(car)
sory, be usizi, soyl xolol
sot (ty!e) ,'lobo i
speekslowly, t lrothhbi

rabletratrle (it-)
tte, lo arthrths: e//that thr
take out, lo t4khupha
takepa in, to (&.lhbrlha txhb!
tll -de

telephone,to &4fowil(el),
tlephoneowuri / tfort; /rmxb
ten (ro), ro -xd(eD
thank to r&/buleh; thdks enkodi
rhat (conj) ukbr
thing uto (-)

speciaisttrcutlhe (M-)
thirsty -d.niw; thist &nxsno

play. to 4*rdlal, !y M. sro (ihi-)

st kwenkwezi (,h-)

time Bb (aM)r o time ngexe8ha

tired, be -diniwe

3t4

Bibliography

toaiyanhl'{e
togelher(wi) kuy n-. n laworye
ioilet r'tt{Iu ydgs8e; ithoyilethl

wch, to (e.s.TV) atrbuEela

too (uch) gqitha

way rtdlela (iitr)

town ;dolophu (t-)

laditional -zt\raNtu
tadtio.I fae rzdro utw3Ntu
traditional healertsqio (amz
traln dow (do); itseyiri (,

wathertzului i'ozlu
welhf()tgst,qikddo
lwtmorulu
,'ek ffi ()
w@kendiaplyeki ('iD)

Fffic iztthuh
trnsat,to r&uqb; lhlolikr

welcome!w$nkelk t fumkdekL"l
wetcome,to 4fuamker
wel ka[ubre

tip dmbo; khDketho

touble .noDrkala (rr,)
trcut$ ibhrukhwe (ti)
tm towa&, to !k jika ]grugly -bi
derstnd. to ,h/qondal dzya
ualr$s, to */khltr
udortuntely ngelnihw
p phez'rl .
usualyrge|tqhelo
vy keLhh
vicinity, in e Dga!vilg ilsE idolophna (-)
visit, to k tyela: ,/hambels
visito( ardwendwe (ri-)
wait (for), to 4lllitrda
wte up, to /k uk
waq to Gtraight) 4*rh{mbe (r8qa)
wal dorg (tir-)

(ia-)
wlrer
'r"pqii

whateE mkub yinrsni

when x'. whetr?ri?
wh?i? wherebouts?ndwoni?
white -mhophe
why? kurherd?

language
B. nd Skorge, S., Mdri, etheisixhosa, CapeTo\\n, la &. Co.
L.Vr'.,Riord!, J., Mthiso, M., Davey, 4.S., Betrtle,S.V
Ir{hl,f;j.g.B. Lunb Self-nstractionCoursein Xhosa,
Institute of Socil andFtoomicl Research,Rhodes
1969.
1.,A Xhosa Grurnnar 4 ealn.,CpeTown, I,ongmn,1955.
H.W., txn"sd 3rd edn.,Johajmesbulg,Educum,1985.
lbanga0.ura Aftil. 1992.
5.C..leana Non(h,adiLwesixhosa
Z. 5., Xhosa in Contert - fum Novceto htentEdiate, C^pe
Pelskor,1991.

wife i,koditazi (4rkjsilazi)

wiDdowtfesd (ti-)
wipe, to 4*!sEla
wish, to l&llqweneh
wan unt,i (dbo-rt l'Dbtnqkrc-t
wok &hs.benri (idi)
wk, to !*/s.herzl; ;lphegla
wold rlgi
rory, to dfkhrth.zoka
wory on$4 o utua*hh

yelow -lEbhelu
yong -tsh

,4., Wiss,E.,Mdala, E. andfbhab,S.,Engltrr-Xrrrra

CapeTo\ra,OxfodUnjveniryPess.1985.
, F-.,A Xhosa-EnglshDictioary 2nd edn.,LovedaleMissio
1918.
J., A New ConcseXhosa EnglshDicnotary 2d edt, Cape
''Town,Longmars,1963.
H.W. (ed.) Thz Grcatcr Dictionary of xhosa vol. 3. Ahce,
iversity of Fo Hare, 1989.
Sou Aficn Mrlti-Irnsuaqe Dcionary and Phra! Book,T\e
Reader'sDigestAssociation,CapeTown, 1991.

3r

Literature and Further Reading

Bongel,KS-, IPl,rr, CapeTown,M.skewMiler I-ongarl 1t7.
Isb^nt, N.,Ihe OchrePeople,Londoa John Muy, 1963.
Jolobe, J.J.R.,rndyo,Johmesburg,WitwrersndUP, 1973.
Jolobe,J.J.R.(ed),I||dro rert r", Johauresbwg,
Educu! 1970.
Iodaa, A.C., Towa s anAfban Literuturc - Ihe EnerAenceof
Literary Fonn in Xhosa,Bekeley andLos Angeles,U vesiry of
Califomi hess, 1973.
]|,.gora,5., To My ChAenb Ctldren,CapeTown, David phitip,
1990.
flgotr.a,5., Kabattu)anaBabt' tana Ban, Cape'fown, Dad Phiip,
1995.
Mndela, N.R.,Irng /alt ro frcedam, Randburg,Pume[, 1994.
MstJ., .W.M., 1.a. nan?alo Etixhosa. CapeTowo, Longman
Sourem Africa (Pty) Lrd, 1954.
Pe;r,1.8., TheHousof P,ula Joharnesb8,RavanPIess,1981.

Index

adjctivaconcord.2
adjctives(s ibutiv6) .2 (s pedicales)E.l:
negtive15.5
dje.tival ni? (inteosative) rs.6
ldves 4.7; 6.8
'md' coecting ctdses 16,3
'rtrd' comctiry nons2.9t 16.3
'and' connctingverbs8.2! 16,3
snybody/ nything/ anytime/ anywhere1.2
ugmnttive
lutrr -kzi 4.3
auxiliery ves E 3
-b! (verb 'be') 10.3
boowed wods r . i. (occptions)4.2 (seealso Xosalised wods)
'botr'14.3
'can': difit waysof expressins'crn'6,
cditiom coDstructons15.1
corjctions kubs, kodw, kub, xa 3J; ukuu 9.6
continousrcntpasttse 122
continuousrmoepsttn$123
coptive -ng- 'am / is' ngubari? 2.5; 11.1i u2
copufrive-rg- (.n), l', t-, - 4-1. l!.l:' l'.2
copaiivenegalive153
demonstratives4.4; 95
derivation ftom vebs (occupationt 4.2
deroiptivs (allibutives) :i &redictes)E.l
neglive155
diminutiv suffix -aD10.1
ech9,2
nphatic ponols 3:;93;

11.2

3ta
enpnac pronom, copulav,ngariv15.4
emphaticpronors, snmry 16.4

3t9
tr.. 'and, with' 2.9. 65
na" + abstret Douns.2
16,3
smaf

ftt@ lensq positive ngave6.4

.nr- 'have' with emphatcprcnouns93

heeiV@ = nar ru. eic. 5

lcgativesC tl-... ba3-3;(ar)63

negtive-ga-/-nge- 15.2
!8a- preposito 4,7i .7; 6.E; E.5: 9.3
.Dga- 'may. c' 2.3: 6.6
.Dt? (<ntoni) .7; after -l ('why') 8.4
'Dl? 'what sokind' 15.6

ideophors5; 14.
idioDs 10,1
-ile verbl foms (tunctiodns ar adjcrives)5.
mperative (seiNtoctions)
impesnal ku- (eqvatenrto EDSlish.it') 3.
infinitive 2.4
infixes -ga- 2.3r -y- 2.2j 3.7: -ss- 23
irial vowel of nous (omission)4"4
i8tucriotrs 1.3: 4.5; 72; 10.4;regarive .5
isuctions OC 45
intemgtive adj. -ni? 15.
intemgalives -jsi?, phl? 1.5; 4J; 53
-bi? 2.7
phl? E5
rint? 3.7
raoni? 3.7; l1.7
k- (wi dvdbs) 6J
"ka- 'not yet' 133
-rri Gffx) 4.3
kh- 7.4
-tho / -khora 3
kodwa conjucon 3.7
k- (impeBonal)3.6
kba conjuction 3.7
l(ub.hrelile + subjctive 4.5
kuftntr + subjundive 4,5
kutheDt 8l
locative (ko-/kwi-, e-)1, 4.E; 1s.6
loatvein, at (tim) .7
loctivl- and -!- 4.2 53; 10.3
monosylabicverbs7.1
'Nch'14.2

.brlho ulru-> -'oku- Grcstivenak-)6.6

14.r
Jensa-

(<-o'kho uku-),nee-alu 6.
cass (all) 3.1
prefixes ard stes 3.1; 5
omitting initial vowe 4.4

.5
numerls
object concords2.6; 5.1; 6.4

4.2

tr2
.1

paicipi.r 12.r
ve 10.1
leBona ponouns(equiv.le to Eglish) Ge subj@t/ obje.t concordt

phi? ('where?')4.E;s.3
-phi? Cwhich?')8.s

, possessiveadjectives2,8: 14.4
possesive concord52; 14.4
posessives.aominal 52; l1.6i l3.l
po$esiv$. noninlClas 1/1a9.1
Posessivepomuns 'mine' etc. 14.5
pepositiosfoltowed by kw- .4
pepositions (equivlet lo Engsh)selocatives
pesentrelse positive ad neaaiveL2,3,3, 6.3
prolouns 1.1: 2.1
poper nues 1.2i 10.1
proverbs10.1