RIRI

METHODS
This was a prospective observational study
with statistical support
conducted at the Department of Pediatric
Surgery, The Childrens Hospital, and The
Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan.
(from March 2008 to January 2009)
The sampling technique was purposive nonprobability sampling.

 After stabilising the patients in a neonatal surgical

emergency, each patient was thoroughly examined,
clinically, to identify the type of malformation, visible
associated anomaly, any murmur, or other abnormalities.
The Krickenbeck classification system was used to
categorise these malformations.
An invertogram was performed in patients with
imperforate anus without clinically identified fistula to
delineate the level of distal gas shadow. Ultrasound was
performed in each patient to rule out urogenital anomalies.
Echocardiogram was requested in patients with positive
findings during auscultation of the chest.

 Patients were categorized into two groups, based

on the presence and absence of associated
congenital anomalies.
All clinical events were recorded and analysed
using EpiInfo version 3.5.1, at the completion of
100 cases. The association of outcome and
congenital anomalies was judged by Chi square
test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered
statistically significant to rule out the null
hypothesis.