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Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Incompletitudinea
Civa nori?
Oamenii gndesc mai flexibil, n condiii de
incompletitudine
Incertitudine i imprecizie
Scara incertitudinii
Scara impreciziei
Limitri
Scurt istoric
Exemplu
Degree of Membership
Crisp
Fuzzy
1
1.00
1
1.00
Name
Height, cm
Chris
Mark
208
205
John
Tom
198
181
1
1
0.98
0.82
David
Mike
179
172
0
0
0.78
0.24
Bob
Steven
Bill
Peter
167
158
155
152
0
0
0
0
0.15
0.06
0.01
0.00
10
Comparaie
0 1
0 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1 1
11
Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
12
Noiuni de baz
Universul de discurs
Gradul de apartenen
Axa Y
Valori n intervalul [0,1]
13
Formalizare
14
Mulimi multiple
Degree of
Membership
1.0
Crisp Sets
Short
0.8
Average
Short
Tall
Tall Men
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
150
160
170
Degree of
Membership
1.0
180
190
200
210
Height, cm
200
210
Fuzzy Sets
0.8
Short
0.6
Tall
Average
0.4
Tall
0.2
0.0
150
160
170
180
190
15
Suport
16
nlimea
17
Nucleu
18
Incluziuni. Egalitate
19
Numere fuzzy
20
21
22
23
24
Funcia gaussian
cvasi-numr fuzzy
25
26
Funcia S
27
Funcia (simetric)
28
Funcia (asimetric)
29
Tietura alfa
30
Scderea
nmulirea
mprirea
31
Restrictori
32
Concentrarea
33
Puterea
34
Dilatarea
35
Intensificarea
36
37
Norme triunghiulare
38
Exemple
39
Intersecia
40
Reuniunea
41
Complementul
42
Exemple
43
Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
44
Reguli fuzzy
45
Exemplu
Regula 1
Regula 2
Universuri de discurs
Viteza (n km/h)
Distana-de-oprire (n m)
Mulimi fuzzy
46
Selecia monoton
Degree of
Membership
1.0
Degree of
Membership
1.0
Tall men
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
160
180
190
200
Height, cm
Heavy men
70
80
100
120
Weight, kg
47
Antecedeni i consecveni
multipli
48
49
Tipuri de implicaie
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Defuzzificarea
Centrul de greutate
Media maximului
Cel mai mic maxim
Cel mai mare maxim
57
Centrul de greutate
Numit i centroid
58
Inferena Mamdani cu
reguli multiple
59
Exemplu
Regula 1
Regula 2
Regula 3
IF
x is A3
OR
y is B1
THEN z is C1
Regula 1
IF
project-funding is adequate
OR
project-staffing is small
THEN risk is low
IF
x is A2
AND y is B2
THEN z is C2
Regula 2
IF
project-funding is marginal
AND project-staffing is large
THEN risk is normal
IF
x is A1
THEN z is C3
Regula 3
IF
project-funding is inadequate
THEN risk is high
60
Pasul 1. Fuzzificarea
61
62
63
64
Pasul 4. Defuzzificarea
65
Inferena TSK
66
Inferena Sugeno
67
Exemplu
68
Exemplu
69
70
Evaluarea de tip
Sugeno de ordin zero
71
Agregarea ieirilor i
defuzzificarea
Media ponderat
72
Metoda Mamdani
Metoda Sugeno
Eficient computaional
Rezultate bune n probleme de optimizare i tehnici adaptive
Mai potrivit pentru probleme de control, n special pentru
sisteme neliniare dinamice
73
Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
74
Studiu de caz
75
76
Specificarea problemei i
definirea variabilelor lingvistice
Numrul de angajai s
Numrul iniial de piese de schimb n
77
78
79
ntrzierea medie m
80
Numrul de angajai s
81
Factorul de utilizare a
reparaiilor
82
83
84
s
L
VS
RL
RS
VL
VS
85
Baza de reguli 1
1. If (utilisation_factor is L) then (number_of_spares is S)
2. If (utilisation_factor is M) then (number_of_spares is M)
3. If (utilisation_factor is H) then (number_of_spares is L)
4. If (mean_delay is VS) and (number_of_servers is S) then (number_of_spares is VL)
5. If (mean_delay is S) and (number_of_servers is S) then (number_of_spares is L)
6. If (mean_delay is M) and (number_of_servers is S) then (number_of_spares is M)
7. If (mean_delay is VS) and (number_of_servers is M) then (number_of_spares is RL)
8. If (mean_delay is S) and (number_of_servers is M) then (number_of_spares is RS)
9. If (mean_delay is M) and (number_of_servers is M) then (number_of_spares is S)
10.If (mean_delay is VS) and (number_of_servers is L) then (number_of_spares is M)
11.If (mean_delay is S) and (number_of_servers is L) then (number_of_spares is S)
12.If (mean_delay is M) and (number_of_servers is L) then (number_of_spares is VS)
86
Rule
Rule
VS
VS
10
VS
19
VS
VL
VS
11
VS
20
VS
12
VS
21
VS
VS
13
VS
RS
22
VS
VS
14
23
VS
15
VS
24
VS
16
VS
25
VS
RL
17
RS
26
VS
18
27
RS
87
s
L
M
S
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
S
S
VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
H
VS VS VS
M
L
VS
S
M
RL
RS
VL
VS
s
M
RS
RS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
m
Baza de reguli 2: memoria asociativ fuzzy
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
88
Implementarea sistemului
89
Evaluare i rafinare
90
Baza de reguli 1
number_of_spares
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
number_of_servers
91
Baza de reguli 1
number_of_spares
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
utilisation_factor
92
Baza de reguli 2
number_of_spares
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
number_of_servers
93
Baza de reguli 2
number_of_spares
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
utilisation_factor
94
Rafinarea
95
96
s
L
RL
M
RS
S
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
S
S
VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
S
S
VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
VS VS VS
H
VS VS VS
M
L
VS
S
M
L
RL
S
S
RS
RS
RS VL
RL
RS
S VL
VS
s
L
RS
RL
RS
m
M RS
RL RL
m
s
VS
RS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
VS
m
M VS
VS
VS
RS VS
VS
VS
S VS
VS
VS
VS
m
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
97
Baza de reguli 3
0.35
number_of_spares
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
number_of_servers
98
Baza de reguli 3
number_of_spares
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
1
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
mean_delay
0.2
0
utilisation_factor
99
100
101
Logica vag
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
102
Exemple
103
Pendulul inversat
Pentru detalii,
vezi suportul de curs
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
104
Pendulul inversat
Intrri
Unghiul
Viteza unghiular d/dt
Ieire
Viteza bazei u
Mulimile fuzzy
d/dt
Abordarea fuzzy
d/dt
107
Exemplu: fuzzificare
(cu o alt mulime de reguli)
= 1 (x1)
d/dt = -4 (x2)
Consecvenii fuzzy i
reuniunea lor
Centroidul reuniunii (-2)
este ieirea strict
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
110
http://www.erudit.de/erudit/demos/cartball/index.htm
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
111
Macaraua
http://www.intelligent-systems.info/neural_fuzzy/loadsway/LoadSway.htm
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
112
Macaraua - reguli
113
Mainua de golf
Pentru detalii,
vezi suportul de curs
Florin Leon, Inteligenta artificiala, http://florinleon.byethost24.com/curs_ia.htm
114
Subsisteme de
autovehicule, transmisie
automat, ABS
Control automat al
trenului monorail din
Tokyo
Aparate de aer condiionat
Motorul de animaie
Massive
Aparate de fotografiat
Prelucrarea imaginilor
(de ex. detecia muchiilor)
Recunoaterea modelelor
Lifturi
Maini de splat vase
Maini de splat, alte
electrocasnice
Filtre de limbaj pe
forumuri i camere de
discuii
Jocuri video
Microcontrolere i
microprocesoare
(de ex. Freescale 68HC12)
115
116
Concluzii
117