Growth rates vary enormously across countries over long periods of

time. The reason for these variations is a central issue for economic
policy, and crosscountry empirical work on this topic has been popular
since the early 1990s. The findings from cross-country panel regressions
show that the differences in per capita growth rates relate
systematically to a set of quantifiable explanatory variables. One effect
is a conditional convergence term-the growth rate rises when the initial
level of real per capita GDP is low relative to the starting amount of
human capital in the forms of educational attainment and health and
for given values of other variables that reflect policies, institutions, and
national characteristics. For given per capita GDP and human capital,
growth depends positively on the rule of law and the investment ratio
and negatively on the fertility rate, the ratio of government
consumption to GDP, and the inflation rate. Growth increases with
favorable movements in the terms of trade and with increased
international openness, but the latter effect is surprisingly weak.

Ratele de cretere variaz enorm ntre ri pe

perioade lungi de timp.Motivul pentru aceste
variaii este o problem central pentru politica
economic, precum i locul de munc crosscountry
empirice cu privire la acest subiect a fost popular la
nceputul anilor 1990. Constatarile de la regresii
panou cross-country arat c diferenele n ratele
de cretere pe cap de locuitor se refer sistematic la

un set de variabile explicative cuantificabile. Un

efect este o convergen condiionat termen-rata
de crestere crete atunci cnd nivelul iniial al PIBului real pe locuitor este sczut n raport cu
cuantumul de plecare al capitalului uman n formele
de educaie i de sntate i pentru valorile date ale
altor variabile care reflect politicile, instituii, i
caracteristicile naionale. Pentru dat pe cap de
locuitor PIB-ul i a capitalului uman, creterea
depinde pozitiv asupra statului de drept i a
raportului de investiii i negativ asupra ratei
fertilitii, raportul dintre consumul publice n PIB,
iar rata inflaiei. De cretere crete cu miscari
favorabile n ceea ce privete comerul, precum i
cu deschidere internaional a crescut, dar efectul
acesta din urm este surprinztor de slab.