Phytochemistry-II

Define of phytochemistry:
Phytochemistry is branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the chemical
substances (phytochemicals) that found in medicinal plants.
Phytochemistry can be called chemistry of plant

Fields of phytochemistry:-Medicinal chemistry

-Organic chemistry
-Pharmacognosy
-Pharmacology
Aims (Objective) Phytochemistry:1- Extraction
2- Isolation
3- Identification
Classification:
According to chemical nature which dependent upon the grouping of drugs with identical constituents:

1- Carbohydrates:
2- Alkaloids:
3- Glycosides:
- Cardiac Glycosides
- Saponins Glycosides
- Anthraquinone Glycosides
4- Polyphenols:
- Tannins:
- Flavonoids:
- Coumarins
5- Terpenoids(isoprenoids) C5H8
-Triterpenoids:
6- Volatile Oils :
7- Saponins
8- Bitter principles

 Syllabus Course of Phytochemistry-II:I- Extraction some medicinal plants

1-Chamomile flower 'Matricaria chamomilla' "tannins"
2- Senna leaves
3-Christ leaves 'Ziziphus spina christi' "sapnin"
4- Orange peels
5- Pomegrante peels 'Punica granatum'
3- Identification of some phytochemicals in plants

Phytochemicals

-2 ml of glacial acetic
acid (CH3COOH) +
-1 ml dil. sulphuric
acid (H2SO4)

General identification

Glycosides:

Cardiac .g
Saponins .g

2 ml

Results
brown ring
coloration

2 ml
-1ml NH4OH + 1ml
KOH

Anthraquinone .g
Simple
(hydrolysable)
Tannins Condensed
Polyphenols:
(Unhydrolysable)

Flavonoids
Terpenoids

Plant
extract

Reagents

1ml

Brownish red

- 3 drops of FeCl3 sol

(5%)

5ml

blue black
coloration
Brownish green
coloration

- 1 ml of dil. ammonia
(NH4OH)

5ml

Yellow coloration

5ml

Orange
precipitate

Triterpenoids:
Alkaloid

-Few drops dil. HCl

0.1 M +
- Few drops of

dragendroff reagent
The materials that can be used :
(Ethanol ) -
-
Steps of the working :
. ) ( -1
.Ethanol methanol -2
.HCL 3ml - -3
. -4