BEHAVIOR , ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEELWORK CONNECTIONS VOLUME (3) BY Dr. BJ-SAYED BAHAA MACHALY Professor of Stee! Structures Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Sixth Edition Basedl on the Egyptian Code of Practice of Steel Constructions and Bridges (2001), ‘Allowable Stress Design (ASD) 2008ie seo pt i nat ay be gt aay Nee ee eee eee On The Occasion Of His errors 23" Memorial eet SO/4/1985 Lee ith ge Gis cae Me aheyae |PRERACE ‘This modest work is my third volume which provides the havior and analysis of the common structural connections. The ad path through the ste! components is analyzed and then followed stress checks Chapters 1 to 3. provide the required background necessary to ‘sign the non-pretensioned and the high strength bolted connections ‘well as the Welded connections. Chapters 4 to 6 give detailed scriptions of the flexible, rigid and semi-rigid connections. mipters 7, 8 and 9 provide in deals the splices, the fatigue {quirements and the base connections The material of this volume is national and up-to-date tool + the design of steelwork connections, The material here will serve ndergraduate and Postgraduate Students as well as Engineers ‘This fourth edition applies the modifications included in the ow edition ofthe Stee! Egyptian Code of Practice for Constructions 1 Bridges (2001) using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) concept acknowledge this volume to my beloved Beypt. Se Prof. Dr. El-sayed Baha Machaly ovo12008 IN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 would like t0 express my deap appreciation to the work: ‘cam without whom £ could not have accomplished this book This ‘cam includes (1) Dr. Karam Maalawi, who received this book hand writen, "He made the review @) Dr. Sherif Safar, who solved the majority ofthe examples in the previous editions knowing tha only some modifications regarding the allowable stresses for different fasteners have @)_ been applied Eng. Suad Ghaprial Yakoub, who drew the illusion, the ‘Graphics and the tables using Autocad, Artist and Excell Programs respectively, Eng. Saad Printed also this book using both Winword and Chiwriter programs. firtea Prof. De. Et-sayed Baha Machaly ovor2008 WIN _water tRiverco ato ONTENTS NoneRerentiono (ORoMARY? BOLrED Commecrions | L.5. Disferent Tyree of Comections. ~ 1.6 Noncpretensioned Bolte Subjected te Concentric 1.7. Raoentete Shear Eonnections. 1-8 Bolts of Non-pretensioned Subjected to Externe) 1.9. Rolls of on-pretensioned Subjected to External 4.32 eymecliont Subjected to Bending Monent tn 1:12 Genera Considerations Begarding the Use of Guerer 2 How SreeNctH BovteD Connections n 2.2 Ditterent Typen of High Stronath Bolte n 2.3 Tenatowetongntion Carve for iligh Steonen 3:6 Friction-Type and soaring-Type MEM Sicengin Bolted Connecting, we 2.7 feition Op Heh sicag bls comcion fe Curt 3 Miot0 Comers Secret gies = 14 Sen ot Seth of Dt no) ea connecting,Noles and Stet 7 Solved Beomptes Suara 4 FLEMBLE Conmecrions 208 44 Single Heb Framing Angle. ~ 4.8 The Direct2y felded Beam Connection. -- 292 4:10 stitrened Rectangular Seat Bracks 4:11 Teiangilar Stiffened Sent Bracket Custer 5 Risto Convecrions Queen 6 Sts-Ricio Consecrions 5:1 Welded Beaw-to-Cotam Connection Hertzontal Stittener Conttguration, om elu Web or to Colum Flange. = as 5.3 Welded Yertsonl Plate stiffen, 5.6 Welded knee Connections. ~ General Connents Regarding the amcyaiv or {he Meo Eat ate Watasrength ela 6-2 Monnt-Rotaton Carve ofTypest conection Se Sof tote of retiten af 0) Cre sos boviour and analysis af Ronrotating Stpports Structural systems with seai-Rigid+ | 2 Cuupree 9 Base Conmections ano SupPoRTE 79 ae eee | a See foo afr Se ae 2 ee ree eee Solved Example. g a Lue 8 Crane GIROERS AND BRACKET Convection 8.2 Different Types of Crane Girders. 8.6 Ansiynix of Bolted major Ante Colvan 8-7 VortScal Supports for Heavy Cranes. ~ 8.8 Detailing of Vertscal Support Crane Cinder 8.9 eam Lateral Supports. ~~ nm 8.10 Fatigue Stross Computations neBourn 1 2.- Ef non-pretensioned notte are weed in wtrictures subject to vibrations, the nuts shoud ne_secured ty locking devices or other mechanical mean 3 = The nuts of pretensioned bolts aay by asoued to. he sufticlentiy secured by the oeras) Hentening procedure, ‘except as follows :~ : "A apr usher shh be ed tere bp etc to tectnet at mre thn te a Plane pepsin te = tars sal be ed are tts cary dt revscenant ts oe lonnr ait in one te hep = Tardened washers shalt be used for pretenstoned bette = A hardened vasher 2bo12 dy used under the bait head 4 well as under the nut, thichever is to be rotated, 1.5.9.5 Tightening of botte + 1 Non-pretensicned belts shall Be tightened sufftctentiy to Moyever a= an Sodication, the Ughtening eaulred sould be > Tat hich cin be achleved by one man using ® norma rodgor spanner. 8 cunrren Delt. Ts clearance allows the inetallation of the Bolt ia the hale of the comected plates. The bolt Being netalted, ue tera the mit e411 complete tightening, To achieve this, two kere are sed, one t2 turn the nut and the other te prevent rotation of the head. The most common types of eye wind ane stn — Fig. 4.3 Types of Keys eed for Joeta2 ting Non Pretenatoned (Ontinary Botta). 1.4 Positioning of below for Bolts and rivals = Gauge Hine: It ie the Line on which rivets or bolts are o_ — (te teener) = 8 < (and ed 14 or ve 200mm (me reever) ‘Fig. 14.4 Spacton in Tension oF Compression MesbersBourn: 9 | 10 cuneren be Lt je stants es eee _ o (re Hoe) tect of toad trator (teh) asamercmee eames ieeeioee te een ee a eee ear poeee pa ame ay 1 Blge distance fron the cotar of #fartaner te the a cet 1s lye og) £22 oe tte of any steel cleat semired st right angles to the (me Teewer) Jirection of Lead transfer = # : Disnoter of hole = 4 + 84 ig. 1.4.6 Staggered Spacing tn Tenston Homers a a fotdcoel eles ce toca buckling, and te Ree ai see) 2 the psttioning ofthe teas ste te aise An cnfratty 4 —s eS " S legpnd og) $126 or 15mm wth the Limits of validity of the rules used to determine feds Bee eer ee Setgn raring regth of the bolts and the riela ar given tn {ete} eee ey feotten Lest PITT tomes 05 seta or ass 1.4.2.2 Minko end aitane w=[2|[*|»[#][™[>* stick cod of ty win Slah, tani In the alec of Bow [it cw) fame [ae [aon | ae | ae | #0 eae eae eee rs de 12 The sat Alstnce oy sot be tncreteed Mf aces te Fig. 14d Slotted Holes provide adequate bearing resistance (soe section 1.6.1.2)Bourn 4 ‘he tee dite fen the cate of « fester te the stent onto Section o oad (Pg. Lis) lant. te uve ten 8d + el eleneut, meamired at eight angles to th 2.4.24 Masons od and ge distance ‘Ths maxim end or elas distance should not eaceed the Lesser of 12 Cine the thickness (8) of the smal direction of load transfer (zee figure 1.4.4) should not be 2 The spacing (e) betveen nous of fasteners, meanured perpendicular to the direction of Lead transfer (eve figure 14.8) The spacing (5) of the fasteners tn each row and the Of 14 or 2000n. Adjacent fous of fasteners sty be symmetrically congresaton nesbers , provided that the spacing 5, 5 im the outer row alone each edge dove not exceed that given in Suction 1.4.2.6 (ove figpre 124.0) 1 - The miniaun distance (23) from the aka of the slotted hole to the adjacent end or edge of any steel element should not 2 curren he iu of slotted tole to the adjacent end or edge of any steel lament sould not be Less than 1.54. (see Figure 1-4-4) ere ye ne 42 22ime te te 20mm} tatture of telte) (0) me total tntoeness of the connected plates F &y: (te avold bending fature of bot) here Wi the total number of the connected plates and ty $= shark's aren of non-pretenaioned (ordinary tolta) for different rhe A, tt= Spiice of true winters, + Splice of ginder's flange. loners are aah ‘hat will tnfuce ear and 14 carte ontgarson caring Fores | er en, _2cspice of frum amber. lox sera terion OA Ja seth of seer OF et: 16 curren i = ant =e = — =a i ; Ey i an A] GE | oe [ae 5 or H i i : ea i Fi ‘ a wale uy le ae F i er Moke H i i : on i te z or 3IAPTER 1 18 curren () Hanger connection. |() Truss to Cehsin Connect ete + iF f E o-tenemasin| Sn Ate |+-aann- treFeusrven 19 This ty of comciton te mhjeted to s maak litulng be euhected to normal an shearing forces. If all straining Jens are present, they vill produce shear and bearing raion Bolts Subjected to Concentric Shear ailure will be condered in the following: ‘Me shearing failure trough bolt sank aay be avolded by trees to the vale proscribed by E.C.P. (2001) ee follow := 20 curren LCL 2 ate stone sas oh UL 3 = For bolt grates 4.8, 5.0, 6.8 ant 10.9 the allombie soar strees q, i reduced to the Fotlouing "ay = 8-2 Foy posse Be 4 Yor bolts where the treads are excluied fom the shear lane, the gross crossectfonal area of bolt (A) t= to be wtiiions, holes as specified in 1.3.3.2 ee ‘the design shear atress is to be reduced by 15% ” 7 = me shear fallure of plate (Fig, 1.9.b Jean be avoided by Providing muffictent eége distance as given in figure tea 16.1.2. Bearing Fattur: 4 = The bearing fotlure of the bolt fteclf may be preventet by providing © wfficient number of Bolts to reduce the strom, te the vale prescrited ty E.C.P. The behavior te shown in rig3 = Te Vearing failure of weit (Fle. 1.9.0) 40 provented wnine euttictent manor of olte or by wing thicker ates (F35- 1.9.4) Je Prevented by 2 cugrren Be NaS (0 Sear Fata Tp tie t Pat? ae a gh 7 Bs Wis (een te (ormgierae en ateBensrrees 2 The lesion failure of plate (Fig-1.9.0.) can be svoided by 6.1.4 Bending Fatt The bending fallore of bette (Fig. 1.9-£) can be svotded by ring the Ltattationa previously vo\bined tn Section 1.4.3 ‘The apalysia of riveted or belted connections te a smother by rivets (or Dolla}. the distribution of forses te not lnisorm. Fig. 1.10, shows a six-row Joint here the dlstribu 1t forows Se nat wniforn SSS Figs 1.10 Typical Force pietritution sn a Riveted Gotted) connection. 24 cusrten “itterant components: For long Joints where the distance between fantere of end fasteners 16 more than 154 the thear and ‘earing stresses are reduced according to Section 1.12.3. oping exneples olted connection of separate truce members conection of seate mahers. Uoaed chord continous conection. Bolted comnection of leaded upper cherd-trase connection of continuous aeparate members. Splice of a truss mente. ‘he altowble chear god tearing stresses previously gives in Bye 1.2, 1.9 and 1.5 are valld only for case of Leading (1). For cave (11) aloes of gy an Fare Lo be ineressed by 208 ‘Shearing force QP, and Torstonal aowent hf. The tasic assumpAione conaldered in the analyte of eccentric fromiction, shown in Fig. 1.11.2, are a8 follows: (2). Te canter of gravity CAC. of the group of Bolts te secined C.8, Te sasumption te eniy rue UE we consider Unb theBourne: 25 Toe Sache inane Fight Oe Tin deme rect tte cing rat Rar voit (a) me resulting force on bolts due to the moment My @ LO ryley sayy scot Byres on = yfeye Constant. ne by oy Ay + we ants Fyn Ryan coe ey en 2 tyryfed = comatant o Fyry tig tg tee t Rye toe tht em ere (ed (8) subetitutsne from (6) snto (8), ue ast ne 26 corres He co tH (6) Bracket Plates.) Force Aeting Upon the J Bat Due to Torsional Moment Fle, 4.11 Fecentric Shear Connecti6a830 corres Bourn 29 ro | © © listance Y from the lover eige of the compressed end’ plate Fig. 142.0.). The mwutral otis can eaeily te determined ae subjected to tenatle atresser, uhile the portion of the end Plate below the neutral axa wiAl be subjected to a compe fy taking the First newest of area about the neutral ans ve BAI DG TG) Solving equation (a) ¥ can be computed. The ost stressed Dolt (a) wlll be the fartnest belt (Fig, 4.32.c.). and the "G9 BP an, [or + eh. GF +. +64] o 6.4.3, H.G.P. 200%, and previously given by ya 1.9 can aozune that Vie equal to 8/6 oF 1/7 = The atte lying Inside the aren Sn contact (b x) have been eglected in equations (a) and (0). Un the connection is subjected to shear (@), tension Crggg) at a tending monent WO, the debian strength for the rol otreseed tolt, must eatiefy the following: »CHAPTER 3 Pep iets iter to the following examples: faeple 1.9; Bolted columm-trusa coonaction using angles. + Bolted colam-trute eonntction using T-zection laaple 1.11 Bracket conection with braking force 12 General Considerations Concerning the Use of Rivets and Mon-Pretenstoned bolts (Ord The Following considerstione are 19 sccardance to E.C.P. 2001 tauees (6.6), (67-1, (6.7.2 (67-3), (6.7) and (6.7.5), 12:4 ALlomble shear nupture Stoength [Ne beam end connection®s Mere the top fangs is coped ant ‘or wlntlar situations where failure might occur by sear along plane through the fasteners or by © conbination of shear alone & Plane throwwh the fasteners ples tension along any perpendicular plane such se the end of & beam web of at thin bolted get pistes in double shear (see Fig. 1.15) the allowable shear gtrese cling on the plate ast shear area Ay is to be incressed by yyrons eeseesee 22 2 ccuarrer Fig. 1.19 Fathure by Tearing out of shaded area. 1.12.2 Long crip stroma fulfL11ing sectic® 1.6. with a grip exceeding § Unes the bolt dlamater (@) shall ave their inber increased 1% for each for other grades of bolts shell be reduction factor B elven by the following to 3st Bet-6 ) coos2 = she provision is not to Joint uch se She teamafer af the web of fatction 19 the column .t2.4 sine tap J 1 = In single lap fotnta with only one bolt, (ore Fig, 1-18) the bolt stall be provided with washer under both the Nand and wut 2 The bearing atemeth 42 determined in accordance vith RS 075 fy at cooked 2~ th case of high strength bolts of erates andoved washers should be ued for aintle Jap Joints with only ners Through Packings ¢ ts tranamitting loot in ahear and bearing past righ pacing of total thickness t greater than one - third of the bolt diameter 4, the allowable shear stress ealovlated ae specified in section 1.6.1.4 shall Pe reduced wing 2 refiction factor Bag follows == areevel | Tame SERRE? ie \ aS Fig. 1.14 Long Joints SS 1.12.6 Anchor Bolts and Sie Rode louie sear and tensile athenses throuph the laceaded portion az prescribed in Sections $64.4 unt 4.8 are rowtrlctad to bolts of difterent, grades 2 = For other thread parts with cut threads ae anchor bolts threads are cit by the steelvork fabrloator and ot bys specialint Welt manufacturer, the llowble shear and tenatle streases given by equations 1.2, 1-3 ai 49 are to be decreasedBevserees Fa a | 36 Raking a © 1A stumarize the allowable stresses In accordance with eat So he EP. BOL for males typer af tan Retention tort = belted) comections. my | j ra eee ae Neha ‘ Fe | | i fo eo é nant | Ret | i Te | tet core | énon-peelenston Ay Grate 6 vopuined to connect # compression amaber (0.F. =~ 22.5 ton ce Gop with © ewoont plate of St 37 wlth 4.0 om thick, The her 12 2 15.96 ca? (0.8). or the Deteraination of (ny) and tn A EAAS « 1.99 polte take (2 ite) a2 R= 8.91 tone thea om 1 Grade (4.6) i SiS ox 22 gat O25 x 4x EEG y= 0.0 3.6 42 £000 © 4.608 tons | where 6 = 2h = 2409 Take (3 bette 48 cuarren LCL continuity = 7.0 mts (R= 7:20 tone. The aecondary beam fe a = 36 mm, = Grae 5.6 - ALL steel elevente are of SL37 (Fy © Toree in top plate = B+ CAMS, « n.c6 ne 12,50 cna white the thickness ogists 2 cae. fot une i rey Va Lao te imme = Pe a6 tone = He Oe 8 use SSB, G09) HIE.(CHAPTER 49 oe rea ing Bolts of the non-pretension type (4 = 16 mm) (Grade 5.6) aaex te? By 0.8 x 2.6 x 1.62 x 1.60 = 7.46 tone, Ry 5 0.0 5 9.6 61.08 x 1.60 = 4.97 tone wy = EB = 1.40 bette. take "2" bette LB. The bottom flange of the S.1-B. No 30 must be Finkahed to so ower _ D> Gonmaction oF Secondary Beams to Hain Beams 4 or roup of Bolte (3) consider ‘al ae for the framing angles tuo angles 75 x 75 8. Secondary to the Framing Angles: (2) Vetng Ordinary Botts Bg gy 240025 4 4.0 MEPs ar Ry = 0.8 2.6 0 2 144 = 8.29 tone Coy = 24) type zone 30 welts haan = 6:27 tone Ry = 0.8 x 2.64 24 1.08 = 6.2 tone| louarrer St ny + EM = 1.02 = 2.0 ny = BQ = 2.05 tate ny 2s ny ERE = ors Conosction of Froming Angler with Hain Beam + ( Bocentrioity Heslectes) (a) Using Non-Protenatoned bolts M20 (Grade 4.6) :~ Sean TE tae TOM Eee z Le aving fron previous paragraph ny * 2.0 bolts, 2.0 wate, elle rempectively for the §.1.B. No. 40 and No, 30. ¢Prantstack) aad por bolt fron 5-1-8. Mo. 40 = 12:0 16 tone 0.89 tom (6 bee in rom E.6.P, Cate 2.5 25 wong 1.5.0.IAPTER 1 59. 10.9) C6 > 172° = seston cat = 262125 © 0.040 Vee! Teaueny © SEM = 86 tonBeeusrren a a curren , Y ee — asane to cin 4 bolts (8.8) (4 = 12 my 7 rom £.6,P, (T= 5.29% 0.70 = 3.71 tone, @= 1.69 x 0.70 51.389 ton) 1.821109 Gq) Sate " tension existe .°. pez 2 1.0 mo pare tension aniate -°. (ogi Faye ctotand be M2 Teeeceotany FEE eee oq tetas 8.0m vet | ee FI wear x S219 « *s ttotan = (0-070)? + 0.078 + 0.495% = 0.51 tren?ee cours Design the nrackot shou in Fig. to resist a vertical toot 1-0 tone and H* 1.60 fan. The besking force = 2.857 tone ‘eaigh the Bolte cwnetdacing Una the applied Leads are onda. Holts Grate 4.6 . The brocket plate 4= of St. 37 ERE OST «0.70 no 8 ome, 4, Chock on Gunet fate Tickoees: (Critical See. JA) We 4.48 tone Pretiminary Dindnatontng Ue Ae tae 4 The dinenaione of the bracket can fe assumed ge shou. uhere the thickness of the Bracket {2 taken equal te the cola flange 40 CEG ~ 2.19) + 7.005 2 comes = uy ‘Tue vertical apphies force Q = 21.0 tons 1s transmitted to: ie = y ir 4 A the colons flanges via the tue lover triangular gusset plates. ate Unite the hartzontal shock 1.6 tone Le tranaaitted directly via i Tor a case of Loadint (1) only the vertios ty = 28.0 tans ete Incluied An the deste. Neglect the effect of lateral shock a (0.6 tons) At effect Urananitted directly Lo the colin fe 182857) say Lea? 1. Sectlon (5)°5))+ So" STO ox ass) ——— ae j 41 Steaining setions: For golid rectangular section ye ‘ons. Fs oa 8, =e vebs 1467 ve? 0.0) : 1.2, Popertioe of Areas asp heii 0am vet oss nae ‘ hee 54.00 1.0 108 oa am oy hero the Uhcknens of the triangular guset plates = 1.0 on, ‘ a —— tee ELS oan afac su x at Sa $0.95 wea? < 0.728, Vos? Conk) (eolhd section) a conrren 29 ven? £0.95 x 2.4 (0x) 2, Ordinary Bolts Comacting Bracket Vertical pitch = 195 ame | Marisonteh pitch = (60 ame 2.1, Straining Actions: ae y= AL Un 9 953 2 28 Com, 2.2, Proportion of Anes Aenme diamoter of bolts d= 20 ane ‘roads are exstiled fram the shear plane iain ag = a ot 2.9, Stewsnees Wg sgl «at tone ny - BBE[CHAPTER | 67 y= 2 9.6 1.0 a 2 = Aone Gey = 675 om > OH) twee bolts af Grade (49-9) 122 ( A= 2.8 ent) we of Loading (11) vith Braking Force BF. w teaking force =} x2 «10 = 2.857 tone ‘Me raking force Se azauned Lo be restated BY one bracket. 1. Section (54°54): 1-4, Steatning Acti Gy = 21-0 tone Myo at a2 928 Low yet co 010 Shy ot “8 curren Be ABE ET oe ved Fogg, + [OO 6 90. = 108 Yow La tet fon Posat (@)s = RE Bg 0.20 ven? qopan = O29 # 0.057 © 0.36 tem? 1.2 4 0.35 x 2.4 (0.8) Connecting Bracket to £2 Straining Actions (10.9) ~ 22 s= nam 2 06 0) = sottt M, = 2.057 x (44 + 15) = 160,56 Comdil cuarens e y= BD = 29 Loom = 20 tones 4M = 2.857 tome 2.2, Propertioe of Areas penme J, B= B= 9 one 42 9.03 x TRS Bere? + 38-25%)] » corre TR rym = H 248 6 0.513 tome 0%) “aaa By 4) = MSE HATS 2 74 ton 2 ty Sa 15 00 = 2857 « 0.257 tone (Me braking force WNL conpesor one guzel and will move outuard ‘the other guaaet ~ lence use 8 bolts) F (asta) = 0.599 + 0.74 + 0.957 = 1.61 tone Ry 20.38 Fag, = Ay = 0.50 10 x 9.02 = 9.99 tons > 1.58 too 1224 x GOD FSI = asu8 cat ape 2116 © 1.99 tone ly BEETS « 2.08 tana co. x pons Go RE ose ne yan "02294 3.86 6.8 tn Cree 10.9 102) oestasy * FAB RTD? 6.45 ton «6.08 oe opLing the elrcelar interaction equation We get = [esttfce] + broker] +o0<1 sateolla ae apecifind by the E.C.P, 2001 ore the (8.8) apd the (19.9) types. Doth types have hezagonkl eae ant Mave shir ter 4 orn type of tothe (2.9) an (40.91, ‘ove 2.4. Dimmnstona of High Strength Halt ——— — “enema fe] spatelels —— = a pe ee a vege Go Ot Se Pe eee a | ‘For high strength polte (10.9) a hardened washer under each * 8 «| 19 2 | ee eae tele BESTREGATOTS | CAS rs ae we pa) SS Fig. 2.2. Stress Distribution in Plates of a Bolted conection (2) For 1580 ome (2) For #0 am © € 00 om| Connections made with high strength tolls may be of ta 4 Joined being clamped together by the craton induced 4n the belts by Lightening) of of the Bearing ugh. In beating type. bolt threads may incluted in or riction type (aster spe (material Joined beame yroventad from moving by eluted from the shear plane as has been given Sa Chapter (1). 2, Tenaton-elongation Curve for High Strang Yates Te load-elongation charscteristice of = high strength soit are wore significant than the stress-strain diagran of the sarint actal Docaose performance {= controlled by the threads ze the atrees varies along he bolt as a remlt of the gratis Introduction of force frau the mat ad the change in section -elongation curve of a (6.8) Men etrengeh bolt Sch har Deon placed in belding evice, minted in a testing meting, and tested to fatlure ta imple tenaton, In practice, pretension ie not applied ‘a staple tension. % cuarren e aon Fig. 2.2. Load-elongntion Girve of High Strength Bolte curve 2 of Fig, 2.2. Sn obtained by Lightening 2 wit aeainat he oumprecsive resistance of the conpectol material. At torque 45 applied to the nut, the portion mot resiated by friction between the mut ant she gripped material ts ranmitted to the bolt, Maile the torque Le active, Ht causes tareional shearing ‘omdition ferent fron that Sn a pure tension leet. IF ‘tightening 18 continust beyond the normal Salt, Ut 4a possible, sn Ula way. to reach fracture of the Polt. Uitinate axial strenath of olte (9.8) tinted to fatlure are approximately 10 percent leis ‘han those of Bolte pulled to fallure. The total elongation at rupture is reduced by a percentage ranging fron 20Beusrrees ” i peice, Ga os Aw Hien inte Oe Tle azer."the ution ten ssn shat al pen tony mse foeefolloing + tioning tern. Tv rer plete ‘Teimnl tetera cere ete Uc ater a ‘Seine Soe ite sreath ino trgerteaan tat etre ‘Stung ining in tne teens tare in oe gue 2.4 Inntal ation frocebur CGarrent Snatallation procedures ain ts pretension high strength bolte to their specified proof Lead (pretension 20a) Ine of the tarller Werking methods a= Dansd on the somervation that, while the bolt remine slatic, the torque (Ha) required to produce « given pretension in approximately proportional to 8 curr Groat af the protencion ond the Bolt diameter, Kr en sutnough K may be expected to vary wlth the wtersal and the tasned by taking K=0.2 non Mardeped uneher Se used Under ubichover element te Anatallation ie checked by @ ahd torque wrench of controlled by stall or otherwise inatcate the Yao atrycturen wore rected aecessfully wing hie rocefure bat tuproved methods Here sought because = rqsation 2.1. 4a apptoxinate = thon one rien Ae bate the peaef toed through toraue the ultimate strength of the bott aa indicated in Fig. 2.3 current sptcttioations paratt te methods of (ghteniag: a) canterates wren thos re E.C.P. (2001) * clause 6.5.3." peraite the wee of the calitwated‘urvnch tightening method. In tha method, calibrated wrenches are used in wtlch either the meant af targin ac angleBeusrrens » font of torque sort plored. Srontee may be of the tent, romtics or electri type: Eqution (2.1) two 86 sete the real tore. 2 Te turn of mut meth | developed by plying = \AUially sou poektion Wich cauues a specific agbunt of strain the Bolt. A mut ie considered to be amuy wen inpecting veing se JL Ae Being tlehtened by an Sapact serch. The cific rotation te the mut from an or 46iQinl tightness poattion will indace « clamping uced clanping force secure eutfictontly far along the fat rtion (Fig. 2-5) tat exceeds the proof load. welder) | permet anes natee oy be == Ee + ane ee so cxrren sR on Bait tare of the sat From the aga tight govttion atraina| fall vithin = narrow range ao indioatet by Fig. 2.5. St te Inportant le nation that Sh generally taker 2.8 carat from the mug potition until fracture of the bolt. This meine that there othed the eriterion of fatture 4s the strength, Fig. 2.5: stow the conresponting margin of safety agsinat fractare. Thor there ie 4 greater margin of esfely againet fracture through Amavertent over tightening than uhen torque control ta sed Table 2.3 show the required mut rotation fron emie Light oottion for the aisferent cases of Migh strength bolt Table 2.9. Required Wut Rotation for High Strength Holts hen toth outer faces of bolted parts|ihen toth outer faces of| sce normal to the Balt aais, of hea olted parte are elopeBourne: a1 Tf which element (nut ot Bolt) 4a turned Bolt Length A= measured from the underside of the bea to ssking he bolts sing Lig by a fou impacts of an impact wrench. Following te initial step each out ie tizhtened one bait tur, Joined are feet Brought inte contact by 1b) the bolt Ae fsrat Uightened soing a wrench until the several plies of the Joint achleves a" eung £48 " after which te te further turned by the amount = ano etee aa = Total Ueiness of comacted parts in ame a h6ULrUr— SF Lr ——S a dULE—Lrt—~—st—CeS——S— ‘cot 70 percent of the maxim tensite strengtw in order to THON Fy hy en 2 cuarrens he Wield stress of the bolt material (Table 2.2. section = stfeee area as given tn Table (2.4). 2.6, Friction-type and _Bearing-Type High Strengt» _olted ECP. (2001) allows for tun categories of high strength bolts, the friction type ant the bearing type, Bolte in either types are Installed by the cane process wo that the ame eg sotirely tn the Faclor of safely provided nesinat ali, ‘he friction type te ‘he higher factor of safety provides good fatigue resistance, ‘Tie Wearing type allows slip condition to eccir and then rings the bolt stank Ante contact With the aide of the hole, The clearance ad varies fron 1 am to 3mm according to the 2.7. Friction Type High Strength Bolted Connection: 2.7.1. Single High Strength Bolt Subjected to Concentric Shear: Fig. 2.6. shows the forces indeed is = typical high strength bolted conection. THe pretension acting on the nesd nd mit a€ the balk geotuces & clamping forcee T witch bring 2 given By E.C.P, (clause 6.5.2.2) nto contact The clamping forces, sm torn, yynetsy aaBi cusevens 2 Fig. 2.6, Forces in a Typloat Bolted canection ‘he cafe fetetional Load carried by one HLS. bet ¥ aafety factor with regard to stip. ‘he crefficient of friction 4 depenis on waay factors auch 5 the condition of the plates, inclating the Presence of of, ‘the Loa at which the friction bond Je detiattely broken and the ‘wo surfaces slip vith raopect to each other 2 relatively large soount. Tt 1= recomended to prepare the contact surfaces by an spprepeiate method such asi (2) Sand blasting. (8) Steel girt blasting (©) Plane Cleaning. 4 counrrin ee The ECP, 2001 in clause 6.5.2.2 sete the fiction of ‘he aittarent classes depend on the following tcnstenents + Surfaces are blasted with shot or girt with any loose rusts ‘removed , no painting. = Surtaces are blasted with stot or girt and apray metallized = Surfaces are blasted vith viet ar aint and epray metallized tn clare “8 sitali = eine afliteate painting to produce 4 coating UMknese of 50 90 mm, ~ Surfaces are cleaned by wire brushing or flame cleaning, factor V whtch Je in accordance te the £.6-P. (2001) “claue 65.23Reuse 85 ‘table 2.4. Siip Factor of Sarety cave of Loading forts of bridecs, cram) en aomante lands Table 2.5 elves, according to the £.C.P. 2001, the valves of TA Aye And Pyfor Gbetercot Sameters of Yah strengt alte eter t2 the reviewing ements ranpie 1-1 connection of # truee member fesmple 1.2: Unloaded tree comeesSon Caypeate Lover chon a Hwple 2.2; Unleaded tevat conanction (contimicus tower chen pantera) ample 14: Loaded tre commestiom Conparate weer enn enters ample 1.5: Leaded trust coamection cumhimane opper chand eaters. rangle 1.7: Contioutty of Beane. 2.7.2, Migy Strength Bolted Comnections Subjected 2 Eocentrie ‘This type of connection will be subjected to shearing foro Q and a toriona nonent W. Tee Wroekst comnechian fa conrren se Table 2s ‘Reisance of Ge Bat por One Friston Sarvs (PR) ‘Ordinary Sia Work Ln te Tilige & Cranes] ‘high Strength Bolts ( Qualty 10.9) Bolt} Stree | Pees Fe ES EREEBE Uy ekaeeREE Ree RE REE B38 aU EGR ERR EL keke RERR BF \lelelslels ele le V5 (= 13 1B US UP IS Ue esas: RaFRG PERE RE ee Is BREE SERRE Hb is fa fo fs fe fa I Fae le IS la [a IS 762 BREERRRIS 22: BERRBERE gz In ls | 18 8 IE IS £ ze (BREF igs iss |S |e JS] IR RS ate! EERE ER Bote BeeTHy My=02a 7 ity 88 the above Values shal be reduced by 30% Ta04.Fyy.As + ForB.S.8 CQjcuarren? 87, Sepical configuration of Uilz type God the wmlyaia will be Aladar to that given J Section 1.7 of the ordinary belted ‘me anty distorence wilt be in the Liafting upper value of R. a, =o as Tee following wort be satiefied = Ry $a Py follows nauntion 2.4 6F Table 2.5, efor to the Foloving examples: 1.9, Colum-trass connections with framing angles. 41.10, Cotume-truee connections With a Teerstab 21.3. Singue Wish streeath Wot Subfactor ta furs Tenatte Conatder tho plates connected tapether by a single hich length belt (Fig. 2.7.8.1. Ae the mut ia tightened by a precited Longe in order to obtain the pretension Forse, the bolt wilt elongate and compress the plates 2 shown in Fig. 2.7.0, pemaing that the bolt anf plates remin elastic 88, cror the range conversa, the force in ach wi be proportional t® tie change in Length, Aly iue., Te mal @ shore T= yeetousion force Sa he bott = contraction force in the plates (Clamping force). ni & ef For staptieity ve can approximate Kar Being oma te AEA 5 0 Yh re ah ct T= EA a oo c= Capa) aL 1 has to be noted tnat the force T is concentrated sa the elt, while, € Sa resinted by a larger effective area of the Plate, for practical conditions where 4 is the dtamiter of olte we ca cOneider au effective pikte area (2.5 4X25 6)Becusrren: 89 ay as ax2sav &g x00 210 Next applying an external pure teneil© £0rc6 Tog, (le “re.) oth the Bolt and the plates Will expands IF the Tyr * herty e Op to the point onsldering that a part of Ue Bott (hee. ATY and the whlch the plate regain sts ortgisal cf the bolt aad the pl 12 cmon’ shergwt ion AL, and term force Tyg $8 taken Y part by the plates (ioe. Ao), ar yp a! see en a wot aac # Ay/ty elng the previous valde of Ay/hy= $0 tn (e) ve deduce that wT 0.2 a6, oF Ace 10 aT Since C, = 1, and AC = $0 AT we can write Cy ‘en separation between pl previous equation, aT = 1,/10, The [Mt Sigher teade the bolt fore increases directiy with the ‘the Egyptian code of practice 2001 (Cher 6.5.2.4.) all ula ot exzooding 0.8 of the pretension of the bolt. This iver the Fol Louing relation Teeay f O8T es sint the Sditional snduced pryive force (PF) aa shown $0 figure 28Beueren: on The pine Foros depots op Ge aisiee Afae wa ection ie pyine force (Fehon Se dterainedseerdng fo Text 1 PS O8T en 274. igh Strength folte Subjected to External Teneton Dolls in = connection my bo aublected te external tension addition to shear, The enteral applied tension in. the ‘ett (pretemtion tn bot), ‘The safely of high strength tolts must be checked ageinat the foblouing: (ECP. 2001 clause 6.5.2.5.) et) TH co Teg y OPE O8T (20 2.6) Refer te Example (2.2)+ Combined tension and sear 2.7.5, Migh Strength Botts subjected to Tensile stresses sulting fom Honent cre used are Mish strevath bolts (10.9) or (0.0), an tnstian procedure. Asaunine that the proof load in the Bolte 2 not. svconted, the plates or sections making ue the, connection will toneit connection Sn Fig. 2.9, the position of the nevtral axis n carver: ibe WEIL bs at the mLEROHEAE oF Uh connection ap Sndtnted The sirens dtetritutions depicted in Fig.2,9 are described sn (a) 51 compressive stress of contact ares (Fa,) (2) trons on contact ares due t0 applied mosent (Fy y = Foy) () Final streaa of contact area 4s the superposition of casez (a) and (0. = le ”» © ntform over the area (hd) and equal to: fy SD Tyree ‘here fT, = Te pretension load tines the munber of Bolts se atven by 1 =BB curren 93 oun? or sinplichty, the compeessive stress on contact areas (eg) can be nesected, auratty this 8 conterative othe profict of the corresponding args of etch faatoners tine Faw fun ae a9 In addition to the resulting {pat yy) 8© BAY 2.9 the bette shall be proportioned te restet the" addtional induced eying forse (F), Tin prying farce (P) should be deterafint The tiuced maximum tensile Force ( Tygt py) aie to the soplted wosent (An ation ori, mint not exceed the condition given by the E.. eying ‘force (8) that ay 2004 tn Teton #5087 30 qution 2.10 ts in accordance with elewse 6.5.2.6. of the o4 cugeron se wemeck conenclion fa a fimction of the detailed elect Ccomonents (Le, thlcttecs of and plate, dlanater of Dolts, spacing betuoen Bolts, «-(ete), Thur 4 18 9 Longer possible to resent definite sethods of analyate, 1m the folloving parsgrapie another approniaate method Se [oseated: This method fe based on the following aemmptons: (Gl The clamping force between plates te acting only ot the neighborhood of the unthers ond in of indeterwinate dtatesbets Hepce ite effect can bs neglected on the (8) The compression force 1g tranatltted via the lover beam flange te the end plate anh then Se the column flange fence the setion Line of UMs compressive Force may be amused to Wie a mig-inictonas ange. met to be proportional ta their corresponding Lever arm (¥,) az shown in Fig. 2.10, (eo) Te rowulting tenaton forces in the bolts are Bheee ee eee rr— oie a Lrt— soortey of the connection. “If equation (b) de conbinea with (Go) 19 terms of Ty, He got the folloving Felation: wecay yo CReme Be ew) be eC ET ra) From relation (2) tne valve of Ty * Tegy,g om be termined ant When Ohechat Se acrondance with the EvErP. clause ethos ota Tm chapter & ene aster prepoane a wore ascurate analysis ich Hea betuoon method# (A) and (8). The proposed faetaet fs based on a paramtrie etudy hich induces the belt pretension, the clamping forces, the geametricn contig 96 carson 2 Bh ‘Sibjected_to_Tenst TIe am Boat eet 1m moet conestions of the type stow in Fig 2.9 the Lose ot clamping forces in region "I ie alway coupled with ‘conceagending increase in contact preseire in region "2". The clasping force infucing the frectional resistance the shear tbe checked ute Egy. 2.12 2.7.7. Wah Strongth Bolte Si jected to Tenable Strent resulting ron Youest sod Eeteroal Tetston Force copblned vith Shear: then tHe comection iz subjtcted to a alwaring force Q, a ntornal tenaton force Tygy> and Dending moment, the ined forcte in Ube ost stremind bolt must satiety the ZoNeving (6.C-P. 2001 clause 6.5.2.7) EEO gE am Concering the Seduced tanetse force, equations 2.7 an 2.10 ‘will be combined ascordias to Ube Folleving equation: eTeaea th £ 08T | 2anBeusrrens 97 ab Fig. 1.18 Pitch "5 and Blige distance "ey" 76," direction of the force as infleated in Fig. 2.11. 8 the other andthe edge distance “a," whauld not be dese tian 1.58, vite the edge distance "ey" nat Tees than 1.54, Fig. 2.01. depict the cave of an en moment cotnection, The pitch "5" between the the following oxueplee: 1.9; Trusa corner conection wsing connecting ang ample 1.10: Truss corner conection using a T esction ‘raple 2.3: Corner rigid frame connwction (constant depth), naeple 2.4: Corner gtd frane connection (hanced. emple 2.5: Aer of uple 2.6: Eave right conaction (Snelined end plates), Colum. Comections atthe 1 ordinary az well ap gh strength toltet comections carrying monents nave been previously given in Plate moment conection was the only anaiyzeé_confipurati 98 couarren se Gilles the otser available configurations are given in the following exctione Im the folloving section the phenatenon of What ve colt 1h order clarity the PRYING FORCE. phenanenon.coneder a Tor-stab which te asad Lo be abiawed to a rigtd muppert Oy ‘Mah strength Dolte ae shoun ia Fig, 2:12. Liehtoned by Uke corresponding pretension (7), a taloncing compression (C,) equal to (1) iz considered to be localized te eo mace (wy Pre rig, 2.12 Figs. 2.12.6 and 2.42.4 Allustrate configerations of Force Tygy AE apphied to the Tee-atem, the flange tld hich we ALL PRQIMG FORCE. TMe WALL be the situALion of the9 ronasiae aceumptions are conetdored (2) The peying force ta represented by 4 concentrated Lead (0) Te contact pressure tetusen the! flange and the righ support will remin sro the bolts shaft after the plication of the enteral force Ty. (ive: tage of eration). (©) The sazaptions of the Beam theory will be considered sli es | “ @ o Detorned Shape Pig. 2.3. Stapticied Moder 100 crarrens Be (2). After tightening compronsive fot (C)) An induced ct wlth (F = &,) Fig. 2.9.0, sIlwsteates the deforaed shape of the Tee-atub ene can deduce that the flange contraction Will be mibjected to ‘consoquenty te thi o Knowing the govastric dimensions & an bat weil ae the pretension {teres unensin® VIII remaia {athe mole, namely 8 oat. Deformation Equations: ~ The Firat corresponds to the bolt elongation.Bi cnswrens tot contraction) in the region surrdunding the bolt sat Ste third corresponds tthe deflection of the oe lout a tere yy Ky are the byl and Mange opring cmtante or ing relation (a) i (e) ve get ggit VP ss consldering vniform Attribution of forces alone the soasnitatad a elaakts elapte beam. a# sh in Fume 2-14. Applying one of the known ethos oe gts[et aie fo 1 theory of structures, 102 omrrens (a) Honda Flange With four (ed persected Snape. (8) coteanponting, Gating Lat ydim EE Fig. 2.04 Pavans once, EQUATION Eliminating & and (F ~ ©) from equations (c), (@) and (0) and solving for P we getsAB cousrree 103 styg/t a) (4) the area in contact tetween plates currounting the Balt shaft 1.5 tines tne Molt shaft stress aren Ag (8: AS 1.5 4,) and replacing in Fu. 2.14 the vate of sk, by the following: 1.5 Age 5 Aare eas) howe computed by Eau. 2.38 = suggested by putting the value (2/4 8) Sostead of (=) Sn the rather than concentrated at the flange tip. This eeand Cat force (P) will be somauhat displaced Weird the vertical center Line, Applying this medifleation, Ego. 2.18 becoact: tos council te’ 718 ‘prying force doce not affect the Belt force. On the other hand, St higher loads, tolts will have elongated urfictontly to Pocnit separation of plater at belt tine. Tix will cause deauce the correegending equation for a seperation Stage eae can replace © = 0 im Equstices (6) and (4), the By. 2.16 ted ye 2 awe, I em yt aan Been efor to Beneple 2.5 ant 2. “The Teerstab connection ia s comon configuration to Atranait the beam moment Lo the euppirting colien, Ite bebsvdour nd spatyeis ts a strateht forvard application to the seyingBourn: Cconerably shop Bolts are yeed ta connect the Tee-stub stem ts tne Seam lange ad {eld Bolts to attach the Tee-atsd Tange to the supporting column (ot0 FE: 2.35.a), The Tornstab stn ay te shoy-inhted Lo the Deas flange and the Tee-tub flange ‘tag folloving analyais 2.8.1 for Meh strength Five applying the betavfour outlined in Se certain é90 to the absence of representative (4) croup of wants (1 ‘The beam aonent H J thanaattted to the wpper and over ‘oeetab atom bY two equal and opposite forcen (Ty = G, = W/,) via the grovp of bolts (1) carrying nach 2 shearing force (0, = ‘tym De thers be the total number of bolts of group (1). Ope must check that the induced single shear (Q,) does not ‘exceed the frictions) resistence (2). (o) foes seme Genacally the Tos-atub section i= obtained by cutting the required Length from a B.P.T gaction, Consequently the Tee ‘nue an he Tee flange Uhlokoeases are respectively tose of the web and the Flange of the HEA OM HEE The Tee aten will be mibjected Le Lennie tremens, calslations ace tated at the rose area {f nigh strength bolts are utiDized,Hounrren 107, bgg= the teeadth of the Tee ston at a Section (ers) acting through the nearest bolt fou te the cota (6) Group of Botts (2 (2) vin the Teevatub ttange. In addition tothe soduced external tensile force (Ty/g). a prving force P cateulsted az Force on bolts of sroup (2) here nz = Whe total mumber of bolte of group (2). (can increase considerably the external Lente force induces 4m bolts(2). Since the min goal for this type of connsctions te to prevent any separation between the Tests flange and the ‘wperting Colum flange, the F.C.P. 2001 checks the separation sccarding to the fottovine | er soar o I ‘here 7 = the pretension om Wott, Stub flange The Sending fonents (H,) in the Tee-atub Clange at the WIL Line and G,) at the outer edge of thé £11t0t are to be caleniated. Me geving force (P) ix asnimed to ach ato ‘lstance (a). The induced bending strenace are computed a0 108 curries Be (0) The Beam Conpression Flange: {initial pretension. Thue ne nw design problem are revealed ‘or the campeenstan capton at tee the tenston one. (6) crtpphing of Column tab: (Rater to Qupter 9 Section 3.9) te be checked agalnet the penonens of Fig. (2.18.e, 4) one can deduce! 3 weteoleme ortpping teat o (e) Bonding of Colum Flange: (Refer to Chapter 9 Section 3, ‘A the beam flange tension side, t accurate snformtion in the existing Iiferature regarding theBowens 109 t.n0r Oy ihe bee rection Fy can tangs eeing on ofthe cote Refer te Beamle 2.6 coneiguration has fallen Ante dione Most of the common rigid Bolted connections mike use of en plates namely: the end plate mone Fig. 2.16 Antustrates the wlde vartety of Fig. 2.26, kl Plate Nowent Connectiont (2) the entented end plate, (e) the haimched end plate $8) vm (0) the yrs ea pe Typet (0), (01.(6) and (are anatyzed Jn the following pacagraphe vile type (4) will be preaented in Chapter 7. It 42 to be well otoerved (Rat the behaviour of the end plate moneat connection 42 « function of the detailed steel componente (he. thickest of end plate, disneter of belts, she). Thon 54 in 6 Nora ponsSbe le of anmlyeie. Different laboratories all over the world are still stodying this type of connections. ‘Te complexity tn due to the different steel plate elements ccomorining the conanction Witch are subeclad 12 concentration of streaove of ol types In the foltoving paragraphs the analysis te based on ‘eont-eqprical methods Which allow a safe doaisn for the bolt fn the apd plate thickness lwo flanger of the eam we game UL flashed end plate or shart by the best monent one can proceed using one of the two methods he Flushed type i of minor importance.BB cxsrens uu recomended to use this type of conection configuration snlese the end moment ie slgnificantly ese than the bean aid-spén be assumed that the critical section for bending Se Located at nearest bo)t row worst to the tension flange (#ee Fig, 2:17), The moet actng on this section #6 tan ashe be Lanai for T+ AE tine the distance tro the cater of the tv once, wing the allowable bending strese the corresponding end plate tnictness 2 oomputed. m2 counrren 2 ‘od plate connection shore sone of the bolls are situated ‘outside the tenaton bean flange 1 ed the extended ont plate in the ond plate 12 reduced, Tt te to be noticed that the Sdeal configuration iz to locale the belts at the samediate elahbortood of the bean tension Flange ‘Te behavior st the neighborhood of {e beam tension flange inay be Sdenlszod 2 the Teo-stub coonaction analyzed in Section 2.8.2 a0 shown Sn Fig. 2.160 by the dotted rectangle abel, Sinilariy ar in the Tee-stob conection £8. 2.16 iz utilized to take the prying force into uccount (aoe FE. 2.18.4), APPLyine one of the methods previously outlined is Section 2.7-5, one can Aetermine 4f only two rous of Bolte at the neightortoed of the (eee Fig. 2.18.0). Otherwise an atti rowed, otherwise stiffeners are le be utiliza ax will te ven Sn Gupter 3 (Section 3.9) (A) Calculate the beam tension force (F,= H/4,) (0) Ae a Cheat oxtimate assune (xo rour of Peltz Located at the neighborhood of the tention flange, Use tue bolts for eachBuserees U3 Te) bepsts Ba oral Caalon Re po ane ecat there ons Tagen et cere (ar caimttn the roqred am prisms = pid . plate, Ft Or, the sLlowble bending stress, Te folloving equation can be : canny yee 2.20 sob or the be flange. = Breadth of nl plate or Tee-Stub flange regarding one cplann of igh strength bolt. = WUE eoadth of eal plate ov halt Breadth of Toe-Stub range for 2 = Pittet veld 4, = Flange pean ehtemnese #4 8 m= ty I= weight of dean cross cection. ty # Aye Flange pean thickness and depth.BE cusrrons us Ta) Compa We toed prying force wrlag Byuation ote here the snd plate thickness corresponds to step (£2 Oy EOD (4) Proceed an exact analyte using one of the methods (A) ‘or (By given 4m Section 2.7.5," te determine the exact ateean ftocce ( Tagyy Fite 218.0 shove the corresponding 18) check SE there Le ay separation betwen the colt fiaoge and the on plate doing the Following relation: eth c08T, oo ser Toeiyn He Ue exact infuced eternal tenaton force on the oat attended tolt using either Method (A) or (®) © = Te corresponding Beving force CD comate the exact Subset wating mement Aa the ond Bate choose ter of My and Ky of Fg. 2.18. MP Testa a) tae zr Creator of My and My and hence := nay ae oe 2.48) w= Hale Wrandth of ond plate = Mal breadth of Tee-Stab Aiange. (case of tue columns of Bolte ) ne curren le separation and tbe eng plats (hlekneas ie auffictent. atop th deelan. otheruize repegt the process tnereoting Thieme. Conaequentiy the prying force P will Pe affected,BE curr 47 Te or oo a Fret te Fain ir tte pte fe aecared te tramalt tbe enh teen coemt ts the chim, flanges To siesta In cooegenty terete. arog fea lite Ln welded te the teen uh to twat the bon rua rnction te the elem Flee vie the ols lente ia “We third alternative fe te provide the conection with « ‘tangs, Th se of good praction to provide a Slope 1:2 to 1s or to choote the naurch Tongth one tenth the span The notations regarding Fig. 2.20 are 20 follows: (2) Fintet welds comecting Raunch web to beam flange (2) .(0), and (4) Fillet welds connecting bean and hain Flanges te the ond plate, (51 Fintot welds connecting the haunch web to the endplate, (6) Fillet welds coreacting the haunch flange to the dean (7) Tenion botte (8) End plate us couarnen Pig. 2.20, Hounched Hn Plate Connection For the analysts and the design consider the hunch ABCDEF of Fig. 2.21 midjocted to the following forces:Herron: 19 At Joints (A) and (6) the two nor negra = At pinta (F) and (E) the two Mecizontal forces Ty and ¢ are equal at opposite in direction, wheres ° % as = Ae (©) the horkzontat force ©, can be replaced by = From equilibrium conditions at Joint (D) at the abrupt change of creas section, the bean flange portion HD will be subjected to a comonssion force equal te (Gy~ C)- Wile the vertical component Cjtar? Will Lent to compreaa the Joint 0, thus requiring vertical stiftener (ahoun dotted in Fig. 2.207 Once the dingran of forces of Fla. 2.21 has doen determines, lenigh of the different structural ate! In order to avoid repetition afer to Example 2.7, sou RM 2:6 nmerans th ectornt oe of hah stone 0 curren 2 By Tune ZA High Strength Bolted Connections (Picton Type). devas |e, 2000) asa ms tas £00 aun Tas £004 as nsaie fac ne -22%y Sp tare +Beusrcen: 2 ample evign Ue teste ‘comectionpretamiy ution tn daeper (1) tanupie Lith) ting hig aioeth,tlte (lotto inte are Rae. Solution (4) case of Loading (1) Without Braking Force ‘The design of the triangular gueset plates tranaaitting the applied oade from the crane Wreck girder to the coltan flange ste as previously given in example (1.11) of chapter (1) 1 Mlgh Strength Solte Connecting Bracket to Columns Vee HSB (0.9) ; ti row of 4 bolts each vertical piteh = 195 mms j Hoeizontal pitch = 150 mo, My = 21 = 44 4 15) = 209 tem 1.2, Propertioe of Area and Check of Stresoes colwn Flange iz neglected and hence the analyeis will fellow (Coote the sane geometrical configuration az previously aiven tm example (1-11) and fram previous results we have #= aul + tome sag #2058 1 Ga = se = Pearse os 52)" = 6.46 tons m cousrren the Going aie Ho cease REA GDA) EO fh tne te tment he aitterence beng Ieee than 5H the design can be allowed here the fiction betwen plater haz been neglected which wil (2) Cane of Lending (0) vith feaking Fores My = 2857 x (9614 ZT) = 182.94 tow My © 20657 C44 15) © 160.56 tow My = at 44 #15) = 1299 towAB curren 123 12205 x 99/12 = roam cat | (cramping betwen aR 94/12 = 240000 oof | met ame 1, Cave to ny) = M2BEIN2E 15 19.50 « 0.95 ton My ve Lo 4) = 15858750 5 15 13.50 = 1.05 ton eos al f= te = 13st | She" ian ao ee "PE 5 tu # [EFS 0 + OT 6.46 tone 0 = 6.46 tone oan SS yan * a = 5) a0 14 cunrren 3 ibe eg 88 cm an [a en 46 bolts # (22) H.S.B, Tyye (10.9) @ bolt on each se of the col CF = 1.08 tone Sane [64-8885] x 220 rte tone > Qs satei cssrren 125 eD ctotton type (4 = 20 mac) type (10.995 Py * 4.99 ts or the Group of Botts (4) ny = ygthcgy * 290 bolt , Take ny = 3.0 botte or the Group of Holts (np) 23 ein 4s? « 16.26 tone 0.4 15.49 - 4.065) 5 5.60 tone, 126 conrren some (2.3) rving force according < (1) pimostoning of #5: hes Pa Toth 104 = 2.5 tone, (External tension) aving the conditions Thay From table 2.5 choose 4 1.5.8 (10.9) My (P= 5.29 0 or the computation of the prying force uoe Bxuation 2.16Bourne 7 ba 2 cme w= 20/2 = 10 cna (a we have 2bolte per row) (2) check of Thicknwes of Honoratt Flange My = 0.61 9.4 = 2.5 4 2.0 = 2.50 boom, Ze 0276 1 Rye td eat Yote Unt if we consider that the section regarding Mp ing a sella rectangular section (F, = 0.72 F,), bat ax the. 58 F,). curren 2 (00). me subjected tors moment The Baropean werho L sek (2) aps Strength Botte: ts Group (3): ee Ue az 4 Finat approximation 0.7 instead of 0.8 a= pb = BEE = a tone + Wee @HLS.'S MU type 40.9) [ 1,» 9.06 ta = Bolte Groep (2): Uae H.5.B'E Me type (10.9) Py = 3.46 tone Mos of belte reg. = m= gp ME « 9,04 2 10,0 sorteroa required = gg 800 gy = 20.40 Ge Le 200 oa? Aan bgt By £20.28 ne ty ay 2G = 0.60 a Cone yg 1:0 om ‘tsb Flange: 7.95 tom, (Approximate) en [SEZ 1 oe tte 20 = Bsr + Ee Tint Fonae BATT Chan, DH) 257 = 7.1425 tone +P £0.8T (ose the facter 0.7) Taga © Tpif2S = 10.2 tons 20) w= ats.0 cuss t= 2.0 c00 se 245 ents 7 15.48 tone Applying sn Equation (2.16) we gots Total force carried by each bolt of group "1" = 7.4425 + 1.6 My = 162 2.4 = 3.04 tome, 1.95 ome © 2.0 cme. 0k (B40, 2.19)i : iBourne 133, soo [SBE Tyyyy (020) oe e| + ee ¢] mae Texto Fe 0.80.7, = 15.26 > Thong (OD ba cunoren Mont * (8) Check the Frying Povo or working atrese deaten, the prying force Sei 5 enw. (4 columns 2, (0 Check of EndcPlate ThckneasBourne: 135 tap EMBs = 5.0 one for to Chapter (3) = Section (3.9) 6 conrrons Be tan = BRE = 0.76 cm. thread Cbg 7 typ £057 FF 2 300 1 tog = H+ 0.075 cas (locat wckting? ‘enmton of Colum Flange: Refer to Chapter (3) ~ Section (2) StabLLity of the Corners efor to Chapter (3) ~ Section (3) Ls20eansoe2 x af N | 0 Reeisting area = 22.2 x 1.2 4 | Tbe doped area = 30 x 2 = 60 ome. tg) oe eee137 Tee Dingonat SuifTom emaining Shear = = Qj, =F re HAT oe ne ss.a5 [2 = 70.44 ton. + Ares of one atittener = 2744, mm] 138 cunerens ibe evien ® rigid fre bolted end-plate consection subjected to a enment M = 20 at and wear Q = 16.8 te Bemis 0) oo Fl joo Se alle .) as ‘ean to endplate: (Reter to Chapter (3) - welded snd-plate through the Flange welds only. (Section 2-2) Se tye he BEB + tn, Length of weld ines around one ange: by Met Oey hey TD = 19,50 + (39.50 - Sec. 1 ext page) 54) = 20.0 om.Besserenz 139 rd we ee = Sh aay eon flanges which correspund (o Une flange thickness, coring force @ will be tramaferred ty the eid engte = 2 (50 - 2 x 2.70) = 70.40 om 122x050 BPs [ses See or 4.92] aa” wo curren 2 = (B59, + 200 EIT? = 0.r2 ve? toate For point (2) the stresses will be unaate, hence Incresse 22064 a? fag” DE + OEE «or ven? (sate) 1.50, 2800 x (09.27) 9s ig? Gt rece + [oo.sy? + ate.zn? = 0.00 ven? «0.72.2 1.1 tonvea? im Beaaple 5.17 ‘Torce in the bean 18 caretad by the J Sots those adjacent to the Beam tension aye te Mo 150 4 2000 = 50.95 ton ine 0.7 inated of 0.8 to overcome (P2 counrre ie AB cuserens 141 AE NEE WG, Gas) Gs tas Bran 15 4 0.25 tons, +, Choose ws. Arar) (0.9) fe = 29.94 ton). For tie new contigweat an ote of 6.3 one Hence check the safety of the igh strsosth bolt ae (6) Exact soaagaie: Ly oF] TE i 21.36 tons 00-25 tone < 0.8 x 28.9k | Tentsogn * Tectsp = 261 $0.25 © 2.06 tone ck of shea bolt = 18,672 > 9.3 ton, serfreelal —— a2 > Uroit sate tot according (0 (Eqn. 2.16):~143 a + (6) Cotppling of Column eb, Tension of Column Flange SURDLILLY of the Ueb Corner: Refer to Chapter (3) ~ Section (2) crippling: doplig area = 18.5 x 2.7 = 49.95 on? Take the stiffeners width equal to the beam flange at cunrren 2 Tonaioning of Column Flange: Refer to Qapter (3) ~ Section (3:2) Minium ‘requlred for column flange. (se stiffeners 86 #7 mas as crippliog StabiIity of the Corners Refer to Cinpter (2) = Section (3.2) eee Ieatotance of Coleen Web An Shear = (00 4x2) 42 t,x 0.06 + 29.71 to ot = 0.00 ow ce, Ube tuo additional cover plates each of 9 ans thickneos. iateted area)1 2 22x TE? Hin s24 5 Bx TOET seroar.y cat fgg + 9:08 ILS - gone wen? croup 2) Tege in = 5 CME S88) x 29 07.65 © 5.4 tom $ (2.0079 5 0.0688) 6 20 y 49.25 = 7.26 tone Seow (5 The effect of tension force * 355 = 0,387 tone Total Tenefon force per Boll = 7.26 + 0.187 = T5547 tone wetLo (2) crtpeling of column vob 2acve to Chapter (3) ~ Section (3.9)5~ 4.2 (ame 2xaeserKD dg = SO GO wo yy 0-9 ene to prevent Loos boc, (4) Bending of Colum Flanges ae for crippling. 2 atitteners "BY (14.0 x 0.9) coeMemes us typiies Shear ¢ A = 30.2 tons Rerietance = 20 # 1.2 % 0.84 © 20.24 t (6) Design of stittener gy #06 cee. (Local ‘wuckuling prevented) rotioed thet the crippling avd the bending of column flange have been analyzed on ultimte design basis. Tats saturaity {2 leading to » conservative dimensioning. Wile if one would Uke te apply an allowable design approach; the (7) ceappting: 20 x 108 Cate gg BELO Tw 90.2 tone, 6 + Applies nordzontal force 150 curren 4 espn. ao (8) Bending of Column Fs Resistance = 0.8 (7x F x14 #015 x 1. Tt fa te be noticed that regarding steps (7) and (8) stvre tne crippling and the bending of colum flange shov that 2 Regarding, the shearing force Q * 16.8 tan the semuption previously ulilized were the bolt= in the ciepresslon sane are resteting thie shear Se unaate were = oe HEE woe tone > C7, So we can ute 4 .S.B: Sm the compression zane (10.9) H 20 5 93 tone)curren Be = fy heat (eer i li fy = E718 9200 yen? fy = 0.200 x Bike = 0.208 ew = 4.21 oa. = bead of ond plate regarding one colum = 30/4 = 7.5 om hg ty) = 9.00 9? t= 4.5 cme ( rom step 2 7 Tenatowbolt (due te AEN © T, fox (otal) fee Grow of group (1) are Tex (etary = [S22 ~ 0.004] « 18.02 300 = 10.76 tone _155 For M(22) (10-9) HS.8. 5 Fy = 64 tone Aemme that the 4 belts in the compesston are tranaeltting Teter to Chapter 3 saction (3.9) (yesh 2 5.1. Goippting of Column He: [ entating arm = [225 + at, si FOG HAS 6 SEA ee a? Bet buen, = M3 ove + BS 16 (tot bockng canton). 340922 oH Welds Connecting stictensr: Based on allowsle sens (P= 1.4 tea? we gets orp 8786) 0x 1A ~ 52.66 O75 x 24H ae 42.5 ~ 245.2) OTE conrren se Ue 4 stiffener (M0 x 9) af those opposite to the 12109, 5 100.1 tone, Mere the applied conpraton free Lf sepecte resttanon = 2:5. 44 x 0.84 = 90.29 tne 0.87 sare += 7 ASTE 4 0.81) 7.905 £30 6 7.25 tone, ext bo ¥ 7 0.8T «0.8 x 9.99 = 7.9 tons (Unante) Te Fe see 20tntan of 416 1 ttt 8s te Force wit be divided equally by the lover rou uation 2.36 = Seorey TP = 17S ton, — Ht ewes PTA Sa) Be H. oees th joie opt cam tr et — ae por row of bolts = 30 /4.7.5 ome Ag(WE6) = 1.57 ext162, cunrren2'thy Beuserons 161 ‘ample (2:10) S00 0 » T= gO + 62.7 tne 2 Ch Wy Haat Be hg” Sain (sate) 5 (oroond web) = 1.40 ca § (anand flange) = 1,80 70 x 1.00 (races-0.90y 6 2x 140 2.297 «gre ot Se ¥ | asooxi21.2501.80) © pasa 0 SY» HH 8.0) = 0.06 Ver? < 0.78 ‘satefy = BOLE ZEIS «0.160 Vey o.1ee x 1733 « o.smtver! Seoup (0 co.xe0 + 0.31) Texel # 9.50 x 90 2 13.2 tone 164 counrren 2 Be 0.8 Tyg = 0.00 # 19.08 = 15.20 tone > Tere cy (Saf6) eott oct) Seoup (2) ‘he prying force ie ot affecting the desten as Dyn 2.16 42 ‘faample (2.11): od Moment High Strength Bolted Connections T and plates ~ Type (= + Splice Flange Plates = Type (1)= Design the folloving moment connection using gh strength oils (10.9). Choose the different concopte at follows: (4 fod plate moment. conection Go) sprtce plate Flange conection ee sr a=30 INBicueren2 = 10 con 52.5" - 3 vin 53.3" 4) ete. re sn.20 te (tram Table (2.6) a0 4+ 20 na) 166 cuseren se zat 2} [22 p22) «2.0 <9] paren (2) splice Plate Flange Comectin ‘ooue monent 18 reptoted by atm) + 9.28 tone = 10.1 Take m= 20 9.5.8, 100 (P= 4.99 tone) ‘trea in epiise plate = 32-25 Force’ in diagonat plate = 2 = 89.29 cou 53.5° = 106.22 tensA cusrven2 op t urn a esp cover plate) "2b TE Take oy = 1 bolts (ave figure) “coovee plate)” Beer * 1708 cme ng = 2 = 4.70 bette, Take ny = 6 boltFig. 3.1 Procees of Welding pk,Besyrrens im 3.4, witterent elding proseazee += welding of carton and low-alloy steel for buildings and beidecs ‘Shelded Metal Are Welding (SHAW. + Glectrode and the material to be Joined. The welding cireiut te ©) For mild steel, electrodes) are made, of tow carton composition stare the extruded coatings contain altsinium, =tticon sod other deoxidizers which offers excellent ductility and ‘sceltont crack resistance to weld shrinkage strains, BS For AMgh-carton or lew alley stesie, tow hydrogen ‘lectrotes ore required with @ capbonite of oda of "Lime" coating. 174 cuarrens Be the welding pe0ce99, The cpating Se converted partly ae follous «= a Apart i converted inte & shielding gas. BA part 15 converted Sato other mers ©) Apart 2 converted into a Blanket of fag over the molten ‘he storage. of Lou hydrogen electrode must be in drying orent reir the pointe of ase In the thop here unfortunately coatings lL pick up moisture if stored under damp or high humidity congtions ‘AL welding positions are peraitted (Le flat, vertioa, overhead and Bers zontat) 9.4.2, Submerged Are Velding (S:AML) = ‘he mbmerged are procees can be achieved using automtle or automatic oquipeant and usually sed in shop. me mor deposited iu filer material. The end of electrode t=. kept ‘conkinnuorly shielded by the mien f25F over which Sx deposited « layer of sntused Flor in ite gramahar etateAi cusrrens 175 electrode, 1 provides a cover which protects the weld pool Neuusat the otaosghere and serves to clean the weld metal. ‘he electrodey are of aiié steel tnving th notation BS or #7 indicating « minim tenaile atreagth of 4.25 ant 4.95 tow respectively, Fluxes are designated be 6 prefix F follovet by wo Gigit mimier® inficating tenafle etrength ad Sapact strength requirments for the required resulting weld. The combination of lectrode and fax fs usually dcignated together. ‘he outwerged are proceos provides uniformly hgh quality. good AuctiiNy, gh apact HereneD MeN Genekty ak gost Pues wot be tent dey tn ctarag te aval motets plete and the consequent chance of hydrogen cracking Jn higher yield fools or in highly restrained Joints particularly sn 3.4.9. Gas Splelded yotal Are Melding (EMA) 1 1 Uke procest Uke ehlelding Ge pravided entirely from a externally sipplicd gaa or gat mixture while the electrode ie ‘conthaous wire supplied frou 4 coll through the electrode holder. 176 concen le ftley eel a deoridingd ov alley lectrode material is Uemlly for welding carbon steel and low alloy tects the eet overall performance 42 obtained unlng « wixtare of 80% CO, sn 20 Helin a6 a abdelding gaz. A mintare of 75% Argon ad 25% 0, cam rect WED the Held mata Yee we of NOUR Go,ae a abielding ge the Least, expernive and hae Beco extensively Gand for welding of lover carton and low alley steele aovally used in Building and bridge. ‘Me eMtelding gas in addition to protecting the sol fron the atmephere serves to control the 5 not feasible for a continously fod electrode wire, the coating terial, oF Mae Ae comained 1a we core oF Whe Decrease hls procuee may De achieved with of wttheut extermal exe shielding were Woualty a 63, obiaLdGng 988 Sn ott lboed, se approgriate electrodes uted. for atoning a base metal of grade SUT Se designated Hixt having init Yield: ptrean of 3.45 Won, For other steal grates and ‘is process ie weeful for field welding in severe cold‘the (arm applied to steels containing the (G) carbon 1.7, (0) manguneeze 1.65, (e) stlicen 0.6 and (4) copper 0.6 . The carbon steels Sncludes material from Sngot iron ‘containing engentially 90 carbon to cast Anon wich has at lesat cewrten cateuary with (0.15 = 0.29) slectrates can ually be sccoepliah rat exceed 0.3 percent. The {deal chentcal analysis of the carton ‘oie 26 Carbon Steel Comporttion, for Good Woldsbiltty. Elenent Woaioal Range Percent anganceoe 0.35 - 08 stitcen 0.10 me Phosphor 0.03 mm, temperature fron the Charpy Yonstch impact test are the ital choracteriatec and are as follows =~ ‘Table 3.2 Weldabiity Var 8 Soto R[3 Tf? he nA alele = = it aE RE Hie a a/a/3 pr el leisy =) ef [stale at) 5/a|8tome of materia loaded tn tenaton w icnegt :~ relates te the total emerey, both laatie ne tencion stcese-strain curve ut to une fracture pola were 144) Transition temperature of Ghapy tonoteh test <= nore practical infer of toophmwee (2 used tased on the more ‘complex trade condition (triaxial) ‘below the root of & nett, Noten toughness Lz the tara used to ‘standard oth. Wotch toughness i mest coamonly meazured by the Gharpy Venoteh test. Tue test user 2 onan) rectangular siaply ipported hoon with a Yonotch at aldlength. The bar Se fractured by blow fron a avieping pendulus. The aaount of eneray se caleulated fron the height Ue pondulir ratzes after breaking the pectnen. The Charpy Venote wot be 2.6, Diererent Typee ‘The welde cin be clasaitiod into four min categorie lig welds at shown in Fig, 9.4. Each basic type of veld hae specific advantages which deteraie the Limite of 1 weap Thece four types constitute alll the structoral welded conection’ existing tn practice, Slot and plug welds are rarely eed. They represent five percent of #6 vhote saugs of 190 curr Welds, Go Woe Sa handy Flak weld re the OF welds and they represent aboot sighty percents white geaove olde are representing the remining #5 percent svother , welde must be steed ascordingly and to be formot from The required electrode material depends on the bags wetat in the wader aa well ar the process of welding and te av elven tn ine Joined the diameter of velding electrode mist be on tho size of the werd e be wile wh! on tie eutut of the Welding apparatus since mist welding michines have sontrols for reducing the curcent outpit, lectrodes taller than the maxinanAB cureroes 181 ‘ube 9.3 Electrodes weed for we Procees | type of wetdtay ant the edge | Teonting bate eta sane | Grose uma | BE weld with St. 37 Welding | Fintet weta wien sta, | 4as | 49s s.mcAun| st. 44 and se. 52 pea] Batt wold with St. 37 as | as fetding | Finiet weid witn st. 7, | ats | aos, (saw) | st, at ana st. 52 fea wun | Bote wold with St 97 a | as aro | Bute wold with St, 52 coma] st. a4 and St. s2 Fue | date wold with St, 97 aes | as ering | Pitot wotd with se. or, | as | aos reaiy| 8% Mand St. 52 182 curren sie ‘Table 3.3 klectrofes wed for welding. (pard22) ‘Aunioue, St1tcon, Positions 4m drying ovene near the shop 19 & mt, Electrode: esium Ho (10) orm! caren (0.42%) storage, ually weed [Stes argon 2, 2 te least sielding wed tldings and rhage ‘Sale Shielaea) Positions neat tor eoeid welding in severe ola eaterelectrode to match the process of welding, the type of welding sod ‘he corresponding Sose aetal grade. For Dace metal of grades 44 ‘and 52, only low hydropen electrodes are to be utilSzad 3.8. Dari and Strength of Butt (Greove) Welded Comections BE HE PE Fig. 2.5 Butt (Groove) Weld Nomenclature, Table 3.4. Types of Groove Welding q suse Sent nets NORTE MENSBi cvserens 185, iy be wade vith @ geste 14 an om an Fig 3.6.8. fe ese expensive than J and V grooves which require planing or ig. 9.6 Severe Welds for Plates of Different ThickeBB cusrrens 187 V1S4) Tee-Groave welds of Fle: 3.6.¢ are aeceptad oven WP thy Utcmess, Le (b+ 4) > Cant US 2 ee 3 siccording te the provisions of ‘he efsective aren te tha produc of the attective tMictneee the thinner part Jolined ae shown in Pig, 2.7oa elds are not recomended, but when it Se impoasible te avoid the actual penetrated ds shown Sn Fg. 9.7.8 ad. B Unsealed weld () Tw Incomplete weld Jncomplete weld © @ Rat eH 188 cue ie 1S not recomended to ue partial pentrat except 19 column eplioes or in other miabers mubJected primarily Hl coh Spe Butt-up Section 2.8.4, Strength of Butt (Grooys) The effective area of Uhe complete penetration groove weld i of the same srength a the Base metal. For permienthle atrees ‘to values are considered , Ye Firat Tor goed welds fulS53Ning the requirements of the specifications, te second value. for ‘excellent welding were all Welds are eiahined to guarantor the sfticiocy of Ube Joint ae given in Section 2.16 1) Permiseibie atresane for static Loading are show in TableBesyrrens 189 Tre of | Kink of Bi | Sere ‘Batt | Compression 14) For tate loading refer te hapten 7 3.8.5. Behavior and Anaiysis of putt 9.0.5.1, Streng aot Nowa ‘A fu1t penetration BILE veld, (Fle. 3-9-4) mist have = strength a= igh an the strength of the comected steel plates be careful By choosing the appropriate electrode a mentioned by unt-pennteation Qutt weld in @ statically loaded structure ia ‘un quite clenentary. Me must check only that the actoal stresses should hot exceed the’ allowable stresses raseribed by the ECP. 2001 ga mentioned by Table 3.5 Fig. 9.9.0 shove 4 tate weld subjectat to an axel tensile fue coor, ot woe) on re Ay 2 16 ie force P ie 4 compressive Force equation (9.1) 8 still 190 curren subjected to flexure (moment). The iniuced stress will fottow fu tfat Eh SFatmite 09) Fatiovanle * Allowble stress as given in Table (3.5). store 2 eithe joint. Where this ip not done, the max. stress in the we Gall be Concept ae provided ottervize Below) mot mire than ‘oe-talt of the corresponding permissible stresses Indicates in yanically loaded structures, the back of to the application of subsequent rons. Th groover thin. ferent fod the roots of single Y and U butt welde stall Be F164 nd otal on the back of the Joint, then, provided tacking materiel An contact with the back of the Jolnt, ané provided alte Ue sles the bocking saterial at the back of the Joint, the permissible streosea may be taken ao spscified kn Table 3.5 sncowplete fenton, Snadaquate Joint penetration, —prosily, ndercutting telueton of slag and cracks (refer to Section 253. itt welds > 30 ame in sine resnorce by 2 ame in cuss teste, te Bt wld ett De Slip onlin) ta 4.9, Beslan, Strength and Liaitations of Fillet Velded Connections: & Oe acmeKeven 73.9.2, Different Types of at eight anglers but the angle Dele the plates my vary from 63! to 120°. Toe Jointe, corner welds an crucitore joints ore ali 194 cuore Wertiesl welie wade oprerde In ose Fa contour of penetration 4a uavally az shown Sn (q) of Fix. 3.12 combinations of filet welde an are a show in Fig. 3.11. ‘Me effective weld a | hen the dintance fron the root to Uke surface of the inoroeles sn Fig. 3:13 Fig. 3.11 Comioations of Fillet Welded Gomnection. eee ae tome welds are sronger than a concave fillet weld of the mame leg & Length ie the we mubject to static loadings, butt the ‘concave is stronger when subject to dynamic Ioadings, é i eee]? ‘ . |e Beat pote ot nm mt reo ret ot Sw ee Sere een ee. » IT» oe ae SS sett secs ot “Tae watur of "E* tepende on the angle Detteen te fshen Face196, cunrren side Bcusrrens 9s [oar [oP oe [oven | root [aoa tee [ee [ee os | the overall Length of the weld atous twice the weld aize (6) a6 3.9.3.2. Strength and Permissible stresses of FilJot Weld fn a Fillet weld loaded In an arbitary 2:10, Fultet Metded ConnecLions Subjected to Concentric shese o, Melde of tee Joints (Fig.3.16.4) are lee {inlet welds, The stress distribution in the weld depends on the SSS SEE (6 taneeran ©) owe EK.. ; ——— T (0 tong (a) Toe int, ‘Te porns tere Fy 42 the witimate tensile stross of the base meta 1m case where welds are simultancovely subject te portal ant shear stresses, they stall be checked for the correspon etncipal stresses, For this, cimblnation of atreaves, corresponding permissible weld siross 45 to be increased by 10 %sauna eee Bours ‘ohana ied enon, _ (eres etn et aeBi cusrrins eter to Te Foltoving Exam ‘opie its Fillet welded coo tampte 2.2: Fillet welded sooe Brample 2-31 Fi fuopie 3.Ai Fillet welded connection of a Loaded Joint (welding ‘bodes. 201 snloaded Jota welded cromection of a ated joint. 2.1041, Deposited Fides 3) Te Limiting angles between fo leanmieion abl ot be enter then 120 an wt curren ie 5) Te maxim size of F11N6t weld should not exceed ene 202 Uhickoose of the tblaner plate to be welded of fkllet welds at related Uo the UMcker part to be Joined in © 20-90 me. 20 50 me 28 ame 50 ~ 100 me. size °S° > 10 me. sn for beeen 18 6 ma. 2.10.4.2, FLllet weld Length = 'a) The effective length for loa tranoatesien abould nat be ess than 4 tines the weld aie (1) or 5 one wttchevr is Largest. 1b) Te macimim ettective Length of fillet welds should not exceed 70 Lines the size. Gonerally in Lap fotmes Lenger than 70 = reduction factor B alloving for the ffecte of non-uniform Bez 0m / 700 an Les Overall Length of the fillet weld ; #4 1.0 1) Mere are no Limitations 4m welded bullt up plats ender (eee Fig. 3.20.)[A @ 4 be utillzed (Fig. 3.20.0) b) For single side fi1I0t weld Between the Flanges and web in rdore ho weld shall be made With a penetration of at least 2) For single aide filet flange to web weld, this FiIIet eld stall be completed on the other stds of the web and ante symmtrical at mupports and at the peoition of concentrated toads store the wed ie nat stifemnd by verthoal stiffeners 4) Single ide fiiiet wetde may be ubttized only for etatie olds may Se weed \o carry calculatet strwoues. The folloving restrictions are t2 Be applied += ranenit stresses An dynantcally Loaded structures 1) the clr dtztance batines effyctive leagt> aly consecutive Intermittent £111et welds, wether chatned (Ly) of staggered (Lye ©) tna Line of intratttent F4ilet wotds, the welding shall ene of the connected parts. For staggered weld Unie spplion generally tw toth edgee Dut need not apply t For 4 member in wich plater are connected by Means of continous f411et wold shall provided on each aide of the plate for a length (1) at each end Plate consected (ae Fig- 3:21. ange by toaneverae welte, Were intaralteent valde sre wed, the han 19 Lines the thickness of Ube atiffoner in the case of uggered welde and 4 aes 50 the case of cheine welde, oF oe carter the distance betusen stiffeners uchiver is malleat,Beusreens 207 Determine Ube center of gravity of the araup of welds Oy on cont tgurat tone grey o here A, = Stonation of lengths of the Lines of welds =e. oem, amr ty o mere My = the lorasonal moment = Pe F = allah distance from the centroid to the point For sluplicity It t2 convenient to use carteslan coordinator ae indloated in Fig. 2.23. Dquation (07 Witt take the form 208 courrens Mem 2 een Sey oa wore = he stlowable vatues prescribed by the £.6.F. 2001 :~ 1 the above aqantion, one may use ay" 0.2 Fy" in order te deteraine the ante alecogerens Be Saag : TI S. oR eR wee, ee ena vetcugrte he Wia to the Lines of yold which are acting a rectangular eter to 8 regarded ae bending stress along eectiont- owing examples Frample 9.5: Bracket Haag fee th HY OP 20 Fy os Faample 3.65 Seat arate owe ample 2.7; ponm-colunm fleetble welded conection, Be eee 3.12, Fillet Welded Connmctions Subjected to Bonding Stresses: 3.42.4, dnalyaie and Bot 1m thie ection ine through section (1-1) vit be mibjected tr bending - Wile weld Mae through section (2-2) will be aubected to torsion (1A) Weld Lines through section (2-2) := The fillet veld through section 2-2 Will be subjected to a 0 given sn ection 3.11.1, (208 Fig. 9.25.0) = Hwy. Hy), set = ea) 16 a concentric shearing force "C20" 2 applied tn miition 1 the mmment, the Seduced shear wlrerone are computed a ee eSNG AREAS AR spite e Fig. 2.25, PAIGE Molde Subjected To Bending " aBi cunerens 213 Sater te te Fottoving Heamptes: Brawpie 3.6: Seat onele. (Refer to chapter 4 for more Yat may contain voide at the critical ovction (Fig.2.27). ove Fig. 3.26) are used most often to tie tuo plates together and, in particular, te reduce the scupportot dinensions of cover plates tn compression. Tha ix tweful te prevent overlapping parte from bucking. They alee reverved for locattona Were At ig impractical to age a filet ee Weide of the type stow An Fig. 3.28 , are similar tn appearance te slot welds Wit sre sieply fillet welds placed length of edge available for welding. aE RELA SSIBowsers 13:19.2, Proportions and spac oF holes ary illustrated tn Fig i F The sinimm and aavimn of the dianeter (4), the Length of Prog weit (C1, the spacing (9) and (9°) betveen slot and plag welds as well as the depth of the fling weld etal 0D are tniennese Hotee and Stet proportions spacing (eae “Sed depth of weld > (08) wm preferably rounded next zas Depth of falling of 216 caneren se the edge of the connected parts, ‘The moat ateple rigid welded moment conection Ss the column by efther direct butt weld (Pie, 3.30.8) or by Lines of eld motel in ae strong a2 the parent metal, At te amy, tt welded Joint for, if the (0) Bote Weld Configuration, (2) Flt Wald ContgurationBcusrrens 27 (A) Crippling of the web of the column at the vicinity oF the sonpreceion flange ef the bean (Fig. 3.31.4) (11) Te tending of the column £ fenston flange (Fig. 931-8) (440) Me 40 the shear resistance at corners of the column wed (Fig. 3.31.0) — as ee ay Gig of tan oy. ening of cote ey Sm faite © Fane Gener 21s curren Eas oe oviesiy wollte, the etptng of {T'clutr te tnt ot Un to trates preview tn Oter Sr viae 0 peocibility of tie column web crippling or yielding are (2) The bean flange dinnctone (2) Te columm web thickness. o) Tre colam Flange F1110t dime bearing ayainet @ colum Flange as shove fe Fig. 3.32. ‘Assuee that shen the compression flange reaches the Yield stress the corresponding resultant coapressive force © ie Atstetbuted atong the base of the filet (E) on 2 1:2.5 slope ae stom in Fig. 3.32.2. If the induced stressor slong the ftetance (1 + 54) of the column web do not exceed the yield to withatand crippling. Tale behavior can be gating C, =F, we can compute the Ueiness of the colum web tj, required Lo prevent crippling: (see claute 6.9.4 E.c.P, 2001 )cuneren she BB crnvrens 219 column Flange aod in order to prevent the Local buckling the ratio Malte ST, oe (oe Fig. 3.52.0)Besserens ma possiblity of the colvan Flange Pending are 1+ The beam Flange dinenstone indicing the tantte force 4A yietd-Line analysis have Deen applied on # portion of ‘the coli Flange as shown by the rectangle abcd of Fig. 2.39.9 o three portions: ue similar portions behaving each 92 wiouely piven in equation (b) and a central portion of width semmed to be streieed te the yield stress. lence the tatal 8 Fy) ty hy m counrren se the folloving Fore Ty ety, « End For the myority of ear-to-coltien connection X/>, column Flonge £2 prevent bending. Hence ke tee 2 oe, o (ye can decreace the ultimate capacity of equition (e) by 20 percent crease can be considered somal a2 2 ‘he main probes bere is the abrupt chan in direction actions (H, M and @ ) are safely traneferre from 008 atrvetural the bean to the column a shear through the corner we.1 [h Maving replaced the sesent “HY” by tuo equsl and « remulting shear stress "4," within the corner web fe: Combining equations (4) and (b) we get the following condition := \ 24 carrera} Uhichnoes of the corner ww "L, " te Ana on by choosing one of the atternativen (a) or (0) (2) The Uoe of Diagonat stiffeners: rromining of the flange force “T” as 8 diagonal component. se shear within the web by stressing 1 to the permissible Limit q+ 0.35 £7 ta to be calculated (see Fig, 9.35) (0.95 FY). © ‘The remining force F, t= computed using equations (a) and (od: AA OD Be Ne « eas)27 [Es [hele [CHAPTERSBi cusrrens 29 cxarte ie side. a inepection ‘Characteristics and 7 “tetod ‘Appiications, Unnteatoe pe fe et eo von | Seer Ayees [ogee welded as choun in Fig.39.b. A remedy vould be to weld in the es ae rs ee eee Sec secne = Tron sched ty bythe fim wn pints baking tara sort omzga | wasnitonin nt | Semana ee om sce Waa eaner ae | pecae ane ae . sgmte | Reventon pene ‘Seti wat maton seag pxtenin | fpr essmnynew ase ee (anc emed = ‘erga oe w ete pie, | Sma ei . adage iri” | Oy re Fekmomthreneen | Rebgrotoneti Ecemeatenans an re ‘te tbe J Serer, | Egat Feit (Gora Sper rant gat ig. 9.99. Wotcher and Brittie Frecture orga | Satan Seco Renaryoutonnt inn | Berm gamers 11.36, Weld Inspection Methods + sania Seen tn ‘The designer must specify in the contract documett the type Saree ams of each type of inspection ‘Table 9.8 mumarizes the characteristics and capabilities of 2.47 Suma: Ue E.6.P. 2008 for major types of Fillet welded coaneetione[oe ‘Gen 200 it ; te cuneren se sean yo o7 2B a 10.92 toner, « a7 « Hy 6.18 tone ow a reCeET PS" rromeTe tet tO = 20.80 ome. C708 (ok)Bi cusvrens 233 234 curren s ‘weie G.2) arty ee eae ae 1 SEES = 180 ton 52 «6 tone (11) Bottom chord 42 continous. jaa.2 ta Tectioa|z < aves «seasons, «cot wer | 1 | 2@ | 3 | 4 | ose $ = 0.50 om (entcknees of anezes @ = 0.20.6 © 0.72 Yo reate eo * 050 lyn py otitas | 2x00 = 672 Loe TT oe Heater (2), es x 1.56 2.85 2 2.94 Fy EAE EEE = none ry SBE arse toy QtraPheer (teas ites esesian ty eee $2 x00 = age. ry = SELL econ tone Oy eat aay 1 20.60 = a. 20.60 «5.0 6 1.20 byt re Bibbreg ©2 10.00 + 1200 620.0 919.04 on,WB cunrns 235 enter (4) a = PEE ESO 15.95 tone bys rwotero 2x OTe Sonteate Camectiond F (lower chord) 12.2 = 14.50 9 7.70 tone. 2.90 5.03 «5.593 tone 10,4 871 = 2.467 tome. Fy = 236 curren sie ty edie + 240.708 214+ 140 = 5.04 100 tye eh gag 120.7 = 540 6 1.40 = 6.88 ome ‘evign the esnaechina shou in Figure sere the top chord etter Se continous (Loaded connection) 1 Line of aetion of tne Toad trananitted by the purtin (F640 tone) vist Snteroect the center Hoes of 2. The component of the load of the purlin (2 ton) acting Parailel to the chord will intuce a monet CH = 2 1,970 = 3.94 Lon-ca) Mitch wi) Be neglected. 3. On the other Nand the other comenent of 9.46 tone acting perpendicular te Une chord in acai to be ‘ranmattted oqualy by both meibera (1) & (2).ay = | (0.9557 + 4.79 = 1.97 ton. m= | 2.40? + C79? «2.99 tone. hy > pot hareeg 1 2x70 = 1.95 + 1.40 = 5.0 1.40 1ST. 4 500 tone ty eww eB reg 12x O10 = 2.96 41.40 = 5.0 4 140 FP = s8.497 tonecuarrens 239 Year Poe ten yh egy 2 BE 6 86s ton je 9.65 one 5 Re 9.09 tans 4 Bye 4585 tone 5 Re 11.59 tone mering the rerlts of svperate ant contin meters ve con Braap (2.4 7 the connection given in example (9.3) using an anbeded elding (Leaded Connection) (4) separate Comactéon 240 curren Bh ps previouly cateatatat Ky = 1.88 tone, 8] = 49 tone ‘men fatture will take place on either plane (1) oF (2) de ty py alfsthegg 2 ¥ 0.50 = 16.01 6 1.0 = 17.08 eas ots realtor eater (2): Hy = 2.65 tone «Ry = 9:10 tone tye recta $2050 © 12.63 61.06 13.63 ome ty = pxeBeor 12207 = 9.87 + 10 = 5.04 14 vacrestProm te eeeBensrrens 20 _ournn cr , Mee | 102.05 © 92.56 © 5 o47 ea? Mee m ea 2 924 om, E; = Senisat = 0AB crusrrens 243 au couaeren side (2) ATTot dela Connecting Beackat to Column! © @ é o 1 congmcting Bega we ee? Bx P= 6.75 one (Table 2.6) - 12 EES sae are 1.0 x 2? = 5200 oo ty 0 54 x IS y BIO gure (9,5 - 6:75)? © 9201.25 on Staining Action: My = 28ST x (36 6 1.04 27) © 182.04 too Hy = 2.857 x (4A 6 20,25) © 109.56 too, My x (44 + 20,25) = 1349.25 teem = 24.0 tone. = 2.857 tone. ok Me at = Bast, 192.00 x 27 eos * “Pies * "Fe won Ape wanraae © 028 vet, SEBS - 09 vat oi SOBRE! <0 vat aps rahe + 00007 ve? a2 [Wa RRO = 0.46 en? fg 21 (0.28? + 20.497 on We point; egy” 2 wea as 7 08 Vow a SERB +s vatBbenserens 24s ° The WA: WL Ide on the 6.6, of the nee of wide (i.e, id helght). ~ stne of weld = = 10cm bg = BOAO (12 + 0.578 + aatont.0 (42 — 1.00 ~ 0.532 ene 26o00 a. £4 (point 9) = 9,583.8 fy (roint by = 89284 oat area? 4 (oan? + x0.370) ‘Oreck strosien on Suction (2-2) & Section [9-97 ar eerore fq, (PeintHAPTER 255 2 = EOE OM oer w 0.10 om oe, The alae of weld for Saitions (1-1) , (2°2) and (2-3) apie (2.9) = 07.0 tone © 26 one. (around flanges) Ftd em (around wad) r | | 256 conrren sie pean. 6 (24.25e1.3)? seett-702.6 (18.65-1.997 aut ay 8082 ptax(21. 2512.6) 2 fytpntot {S210R121. 2502.8) 9.09 Ve (1) & ~ Weta (2) ounce Connection. Fxanpie (3.10); heck of Weld Line (1. Weld Aloe (1) will carry only the shearing force @BB cusrrens 257 ce LL 20.15 eta (Wels =t172 (8 ~ 40.05)1/c008 ake = = 6.0 ome ir id wT gece EE (2 = 6 me (atn.) as the Untness oF the tcker plate (colomn web) = 14 eae (ok), Fag = CF 08 1.4 ~ 40.05 4 0.75 x 2.4) Voom bets as 24x 2.600521 ow pty sraglen ote. 4 Stitteners mat be used, (2) stabttity of the Comers = 42.5 = 2.60 = 29.9 oe. stittenee a B= 108.20 toneking the oquittbetum in the hortzontal direction we Eet: Rein F cone waren: pel oor ona TT ag eo? ge atte. 7 FG” 7 _ y = 14 cas. Sauer SES 19 cece P= 7.0 «16 sate (a) Safety fentnat Tension Flange: fe fn) = 040 Fi Sme aS nero N frites eone| (i Using 2 adatttonal cover plates. Pererceerer cernwerey Creope «1-0 om ‘ eddsttonal corner plates each of taickness 1.0 on are to ated.a cunerens 261 = ygplttedogg = 1.06 cn take ott rmmple (0.11); ‘using » Naunched connection or simplicity neglect (41tet welds (A) around flange. Weld Aine WAT) appaar a shows in S8e- (1-1). 62 carvers he et | 1g = Pet soe304(33.6 + 0.99746 x n.20.97 + aasoel (ow fy tone 4) BEATE 8) £4 (goat wy = 2362 2EBD aay yal, Point (An oe carry «mr tren ay [ searing fore uth be chert by vertical veld] a a) tg = [0497 #9 (0.045) « 0.498 Wen? < 0.72 1 1-1 (0.4 = eens bare ia 7 00 vem264 cuarter, ence wee Go nlditionsl cover platen of thickness ( (66.9 = 50) « Sea (6) senting of Colum Flange: aT Sanne ef lms bat Om. Flanges the a oc RST Om ne nian tin 2st cm, ee 2 brdbatat —— (14.0 cms x 1.2 cn), popiied inclined area = 90 x 2-4 x cos @ ctotng ores = tty/eaed + 5) » gifges.2) 1.4 0.25 = typ MBE = 1.0 00 Fete GD (2) corner stabiiity pypliog shear = Ms = eulttdigge + 669 tone eateting aboar = $25 x 0.00 1.4 = 50 toneei tranaaitted by the conection aa a function of the relative HAPTER « 267 “A besie description of Flenwal conmection behavior fe fie 268 curren «ie u Soir acy a Taeally Fi Fig. 4.2 Typteal Honent-Rotation Diagram 1 this chapter alt the available élentbie conection: are snaiyied, walle in chaptere 5 and 6 the ghd ant com! rigid comections wil be investigated Fig. 41 Actual Mamaot Rotation te neto-ott coaest ‘ee-tecolan connections Are Sipe. comet ome stich trae sear only. Thr ewctions Indl othe ate of the bean WU ge throws wen or tite to the alee, sore tithes torsenal or wine strane, Thee ethene ave te be “4utgeront types of connections-An ideally rigid coametion t= one that yields mo relative rotation regardless of the aomat cling on the Joint. A rigid comection in practice allows for A wide variety of Flesitie connections 14 arailable as show in #48. 4.3. These comections can be classified ao (2) The dovbte web traning angles comectier (2) The cne-eided web franing angte connector resistance to rotation, Any conection in practice Ios between the Ideally rigid and ideally flexible, and my Be oetted aBowens 269 Lp (0) ounle ramine [Eb (©) Gent Pinte, (@) Shear End Pate (d) Shae Ea Pte (etd) (ate) (6) earng Bad Pate. (Direct Woting, (4) Sent Age [ple (0) Suton Seat Pin. 4.2 Hieethte Uoua-to-Coluan Comections 27 conrran By (0) tn ui pieie wots Someta (0) Te tearing sod pate cometion (0) he aarecty welded s-tos necton (@) ne ennittned ented eon cuttin {01 te ati feee ent peck compton (i) im etanglan rackst plate coeston ‘oe be presented 4.9, Dogble veb Framtng Anes: ap. 4.4 Slluatratea a double Welded web frantng anglee connection, The angies aré shop velded to the hesa's web with a me Betucen the beans ge and the colum fHange. Wile the flher tog of the angles wre fie\6 welded te the cnlum Clange eateaint from potating ander load. 1m order to allow safftctont flexDiiity, 18 f= recamentat te choose the framing angles thianer ary soatyais of this type of comections, one abould consider the ‘eon: (1) The determination of the froming angles size (14) The ammlysia of the shop voids attaching the beam eb to (it) Te analysis of the field welds attoching the column lange te framing anglescaneren ie BE curren. 21 1) Framing Angle 5120 (tg. 4.4.6) wich con er The reaction Ry of the team nap FAMet welds connecting the £ ws ese Pte a ae langioe by = concentric shear rohape f4Mlet weld. Then ts the lange by a concentric shear Band = cough face 2-2 of the fHeld Fillet welds “¢ woot ~ consider (2) Bean eb, = tra tne (2) Framing Angie () Shop woas Conecting the oMi curren 23 equating (a) and (8) » the opp sono 780 reutral ate by taking 5 xiae me OP i aaj 972 = 20 OP o = the corresponding inertin Will be ae follows rede maye $e m0 = bert in the trees easton (6.9/1, Shue gst f= a yeent a2. ‘The bending Lenatle stress of Hy. 4.1 or bg. 4.2 will ‘be computed using the atress distribution of Fig. 4.4.c. weet, x 2x ton wo configuration show in Fig. 44.0. Fer welded comections: the Coection 22 of Fig, 4.4.0) Wet wo a4 carver sil = ene w mere eae Combining Fass. Ce), (0) and 4.1 tm E468), ast the fottouing: 10.8 Retna? 4 replace fy the allousble bending stress Fy = 0.58 Fy, 0 thickness “* of the framing anglea cin be computed (Qme_can_ say that the section along es rectangular section and hanee Fy = 0.72 F, bot we prefer ‘at She analyoie’ ie tosed om many unverified (11) sop Wald Lines Attaching the Bean to the Fraats framing angles is at sccentric welded shear comection, the loads amd the om Weight of steel of main and secondary Beam ‘tram center to center of the eolghbouring colume. These Welds A Wie reaction A, to the framing angles. FE. 45 nlvetrates 9 typical configuration of this type of welds. For ack of 12 mas foe the edge of the bean to theB cuserens 25 ~ ne reaction Ry and the torsional moment, = Ry. vith % See * TRA FATS wo Foyer eM, ro 3, = Tg tty of Me Swed shape Fig. 4. (141) Fleta Pet Wetae Connecting Coluen te Framing dng}ee Feterring te Fig, 4.4.0 , tw different planes (1-2) ant (2-2) are te be analyzed, For plane (1-1) the Induced stresses > Tensile bending stresses a8 previously deduced in Eqs. 4.2 = Wertical shear atnenzes due to the concentric shear fy are iver by 276 curren Te wala Ege. 4.1 and (3) we eet amy 2h wo ~ Becentete shar stresses due t0 Myo a 1t bs ta be noticed that the vertical shear atrvss @ for oth planes (1-2) aod (2-2) be Sndced by the vartical radeon Ryhch 8 trenamitted te thest planes via an sctantetctty (els a= og stze) of framing angle. Tas wilt induce an stttional teratoma strees (Gg = * 9 and « ening arma eee rewectively, Theat additonal stresses may te adled tothe Refer to ample 41Benerees am cedinary and high etrougth bolted connections (2) Toe Framing sages Size: stops of the framing angles az well an the corresponding bending stresien on group of bolts (2) The reaction R will be tranonitted to the framing angles via the group of Bolte (1) apd thin te te cofamn’s flange a the group of bette (2). ‘he induced manent = Hy (2+ 11/2) will oreate tensile stresses (Cyy) om group of bolts (2) The krone (fy) t= computed a ‘hapten (29 An Section (1-10) previously given in foce the tensile strowses (Fy,) Are chepited , the tenaile Teel ‘the traning one forte tyke thon Wil behave aa ape eam of span -1) wun er Wer egt-n @ lying in the stro enation (€ © AE) wag for Mand T Equations (a), (0) we got 28 curren ce per wets wa tae) pitch tetucen bolts: the eage distance being (oken equal to /2, 1A, = tress cross sectional ares of bet, Aeplying the sitowbte doing stéces (Fy = 0.50 F,) in ys. 4.4, determine the required thickness (t) of the traning Fig. 46aS cunrvens 2 1) thy cou ‘Ae the boll shank area where threads Lte outside the > w Cah? bouts @) i ese bolts are subjected to tenaile stresses due te He REED woe Fig. 4.6.6 ant rotor co section 1:10 of ‘apter (0. i mar strese iniscd by the reaction hy (single eter) H : e te noticed that the induced thear stresses (4) ‘are reaulting from the vertieal reaction Aylhicn t= tranonlttad to the group of bolts (2? via an eceentetetty (oa 25, ‘his socentrtetty will induce additional Uoratonal strevees Gg) on the soup of belts (2) yD x HV? xO —————— ane yy = the Bolt height (ion, te dlatance betueen the ‘corresponding Holt and Ube mid-heipht axis) 280 cunrren hy Te aiitiomi airews (6) te te be adled to Be prevteuly ‘computed vertical abear street (4) aod checked 4.3.2.2, lah strength Dolled Coneettons (1) The Froming angle Size steeases on group of bolts (2) ‘he intend gonent (H = Ry x (4680/2 ) lt create bending stewewes on group of Bolts (2) as show Sa Fig 4.6.6. oe «fos eu on] /a ‘hia opation ie deduced uring Method (A) of Section 2.7.5 of Giapter 2 (égg) #5 calculated, the tomate The clanping force intuced between the high strength bolte where a pretension i applied, The Induces emme due to T at support Fxation te To be noticed that thie phenowenon 1a only vattd for MeastengA cuserens 281 abate ty © yptving An the stress equation = A (6), ant (a) respectively we get: 225 Gres ty @toa- vpiying the attouble bending stress (Fy = 0.58 F,) of the im Ryuation 4.5. (11) Te Group of Botts (1): ‘Tueoe tolts are subjected U0 concentric ahearing forces ous" By/n which aust not exceot the frictional resistance P, (0) toe crop of mits 2D ee otta nh tr aayited to em OSD 4 Rarer to ommtion (0 ~ ceomaris maarag foots steed by the rmctlon Fy efor te Braga 4 vette tprting th Fab rain gay Comte! 2m curren Tata man i pokes Gi rates CG seem Ainensioned 20 that the pitch (F) in chosen 92 areater a2 frst te taken oqull az possible to the height of the beans ‘Of Migh stroncth bolts se to be omitted if hat will refuce the Hoxbiltty of the commection. (Le te team en from rotating under the reaction Ry using Method (A) ( Section 2.7.5 ) neglects the taming effect, hence the dediosd tnickness (1) of the Framing anghe= the clamping forces with redler considerably the tensile stresses (f,), hence the size of the framisg angles can beBowrrens 283 Ser ao wi ale Ra ame a ree o- tog of framing angles are vowelly from 8.0 ome 111 10.0, eee comected te the celine fans. 444, single eb Framing Angle Generally, the we of single web framing angles ts mot recomended: the induced tensile stresses on the igh streneth Aelte comecting the framing angle to the column flange are relatively Mah and the corresponting thickness (t) of the angle ovever, Af this type of flexibte connections “ies pcewe Fig. 4.7. Single Hob Framiog Angle 281 corre ie (GD he Framing Angie Ticino ‘cutiever beam Behavior ae atoun An Fig, 4.7.0. The indocat gonent about the center Line of the high strongth tolte chosen of the friction type Se Ree @ The infuced bolt tending streeten (fyyi ate to be computed according te the foCloving relation: oe) ae © The corresponding tension feree T par Migh strength iene: p= the pitch tetucon the high strength belts gating (8) and (6) got °F 6 etihey w Thies tension force "I will induce tending. streeses 6) stone the Righ etrength tolte center ine rearing the snele leg. Thess Dending strewees can ba compited a= fellom ela) y= o Replaving "Tin equation (6) using relation (2) weBi cunvrens 285 286 curren - _ Lr —=Ci sarees © a lUr—D sing sn rosin (0) fy ty We tote a Lr— it into neve fn te cmd tne o he ene lr — Se ce tienes rect (0 tm me ropa C611) The High steangth Bolts Attaching the Franing angle te ‘the Column Flange: ( the ether hand the high strength Dolte attaching (a) The souantric searing force @= A (ase (8) The torsional mnent My = © > (e) Te flere nowt H = Be ® | + O15 Te. Sp)ett.5p)) (called also fin plates) may be used to tranauit the bese reaction to the coluan flange. They are specially weed when Fig. 4.8), The cleat plater are shop welded to the column web the aavantage that welding occebs problems are avoided. ‘eam can be dropped inte posstion Were 2 Ae the total sumer of bolts Behaving in ainele+ Pqoe ro Fig. 4.0 cheat Piste ined in equation (2) mist not exceed either 288 curren Tae Tice WT of Hie Gest late = _ fe sy tm eqn (0) ts to (= 0.72 F). sot rectangtar to be checked against the enfing stresen a foltees =Howerens 289 = Te edge distance ant the pitches are to be chosen at the size of welds [2 not exteoting the thictioes (t) of the eter to Reamples 4.4 and 45 ‘tocol connections. Tiree different configurations are svallable were their corresponding behavior 48 a given below: alustrater what we call the shear ené-plate ‘configuration (a)> Fig. 49:0, shows an end plate wolded:to the boom web by 2 shop filet wed mibjocted to concentric shear stresses for both planes (1-1) and (2-2). Trost % fe o EE ‘The Field FA1Net weld Se mabyected to the sane comoentrte hese (R) were equation (a) renaine vid. Fig. 4.9.0, ttutrates an end plate stop welded to the wom Web. Tae type of conmection® Nas the advantage thst att the ood plate to the colum flange are subjected to 4 concentric 290 cowrren ie hear uhh must be ants against both single shear ond bearing us Front o Aegarding the end plate tnicknwes, one tat check safety againat the sheor capacity within the ent plate critical aection parsing through the bolts helee. Hence: % caw Onde 2 me, tAF cuserene a1 res q of Exuntiong (c) must pot wxcet - 2001. Te te Coneigoration Ce? The end plates may be extended on the full depth of the eam, For uch « configuration the ypper and Lover edges of the od plates are fillet welded to the bean flanges, This 4522 store the betm end rotation Will be foreed dian to the Dettod flange. Fig. 4.9.6, {lugtrates an end plate whose top te shop inlet welded ty tbe upper Deas fange, TAs end plate ie not fewtentod UU the Botton flange, This extension ie practically lumectesary where the top edge enmices the required bee ent Bqustions (2), (62, and (e) of the preceding paragraphs are to be applicd to check the safety agatnat stresses, of mich type of connections, one must checse thy thickness of the end plate of the order of one third to alt the elt Alaneler, TAs choles wll provide festare of Bolte by sear rather than ty Dearing, Also the Bitch between talts must not be toes an four tines the Doit diameter. 4 double filtet weld ines 42 blghly recomended rather than @ single Hine, In ontar to ome that the botton Flange of the bean vil the face of the column, the leight of the ent plate ts to be eter te Examples 4.6. 22 cure i, om w eo (1) The welded Hoan ood plate, (2) The bearing bea ot plat (3) Te tearing column end plat. Bote, (5) The bean (6) Te col. Tg. 410Bossyroes 293 commectinne art atom 1m Fig 4.1008, 8. Beth (pee ane itonraily utilised when Uhe shear (rananitted {on the boom to the coli te relatively hi. ‘ent plate (1) de shop F4Llot welded to the beam flange and bean, web. An end bearing plate (2) 8 Filtet welded to the end plate (2 om Res opper snd tu fongttutions aiden while the Tower side Ls resting on the upper edge of the Dearing plate (3). The rom reaction ie Unis transmitted by bearing te the and plate (2) and then to the cation flange via the fillet weld Line sttaching the end plate (3) to the column £lange 10.b, shows another configuration were the reaction ‘of the team is tranauitted to the beay end plate (1) via the shop f4L16t welds and then to Ue ond plate (9) by Bearing. This ‘Tus Type of Connections Require: (a) excessive fabrication ere adequate Dearing eres mist be pruvided to tranamit the ertioal reaction of the Bean, (b) 4 must te enzured that there fre no posetbitity of the bean slipping off the cotumn bearing emi plate (3)- Ge) moningl Bolts (thy alte) arg to be oattoned near the effective center of rotation. (8) The Dearing ond platee (2) and (9) are only Welded on three sider aod mit be wittictent Feearding th ine aut have guffictent eight (h) im order to. tranans! safely Une reaction of the bean, 24 curren ihe TE thers ie @ sap tatwson the boon web and the column ‘lange, the sire (2) of the £iIl6t weld te incrested by the same amount (200 Fag. 4.12) o€ yielding atjacent te the lover ends of the veld ince at this (pe of ctanectiene done not ensure adaqutte evtation for rocumended,cures the veat angle (2) by bearing. The owanrd vich induces tending stresses. fottected geat angle Le rather a complicated problem depending beam will be trsqunttted to t (2) Top cttp angie (2) Seat arate (2) beaa-to-seat angle weld (Hield) (4) cotumn-to-aeat angle weld (chop) (5) Top etip-angte-to- column weld (fel) (6) Top clip-angle-to- ‘eam weld (shor) thickness regarding Bendige, the reaction fh, will be tronoaitted to the column flange by the shop weld (4) fitch te wubsected te Flenal mowent (= Ry.eg)- The bean ie preferably attached to the scat angle by Bom-to-seat angle fold weld (9). Tabs wi orce the reaction R te act by bearing on the surfaces ia. (ection ava Fig. 4.13). The field weld (3) can Be replaced by ‘as tMuatrated tn Fig. 4.12.6 probably Section de shown Sn Fg. 4.42, a top oltp angle (1) 4e to be Field eldot to the top of the Bean in order to ensure the stabiitty configuration consists to woe @ top clip angle attached to the Pegrmc a 4 piles the o dheBorsrrens 27 Fig. 410) (a) ‘The conservative semmption considers the beam reaction eee o ‘e (0) Te two other possibilities Will follow the fact that when Cconsequentiy the point of contact of the reaction M, tends sMlostrated tn Fige 4.14. b, ¢ respectively. For the seat angle conection of Fig. 4.12, four aspects ‘be eterained: (one Fla. 4.15) 298 carrer ihe Co) fw et wlan (0) te emt ae CC) (0) he ent mem inert.) (a) tne wala Mee see we) (a) Me Seat wiser (0): ‘he eat width (a) depends on the Dearing Length OH) wich te based on the crippling streos Fig along Section (arm). Referring to the F.C.P.(2001), clause (9.6°6) the felloving equation can te hetero Ee Aosaning © gap of 12 me betucen the beam edge ant the cola flange, heey “a” ean be computed: ans 12 me 0 (0) Me Moment rae (2) and 9: From Fig. 4.15 one can deduce: gtd tt me, «©300 correc be Burrs 299 + the snaueed moment (HY tes =Bi owen Tolts will bo aujocted to ee ee (10) aod (2.7.5) for ordinary aod high atrongth bolted connections respectively (0) The horizontal tog of the seat angle wilt be canected| ‘by to bolts showm dotted sn the aide view of Fig. 4.5 (e) Top clip angle Will be connected to and to the boas top flange by four belts tue on efor to Exaples 4.7 and 4.0. 4:30, Stiffened Rectangular Seat Bracket coat mueY he recto By, he met eee (1) Top pate of bracket (2) Vertical stittoner of bracketsBB cunrrens 303 reston Gf toed fan Ge tn ae we strenee then asananits T, vie the wed tines (4) and (5) to the colume Sana structural elements are to be analyzed =the bearing Tength 0. mthe meant arm (@,)- ~ rae weld Lines (4) and (3) tne vertical atitfener thickness (1) « whe top plate thickness (4,2, (he weld aize of the horizontal weld ine (Q) apt the dinensions of the wld ines (6) (o) Te Bearing Length Wand the Hopent Ara Cs): he analyaia follows that of the seat angle connection efor to Fig. 4:16 te comate the Following: BS SFegy SOT, revert, SFore $ om we a (a to ‘wrewe The bean in to be extend Yeyond the bearing Teeth conienant aiatance say 20 49 50 willtesters, Hence the woncnt Mocs tz mm. o 3 o 304 cuarren Ee “Ww etiffened seat Bracket Is shop welded to the coluan Flange bys horkmmlal weld Line (4) and two verthoal weld (5) of height (R)- Senarally the horizontal welé Line (4) vertical weld Lengen (h) (eay 0.4 W) The weld f20e alone Section 1-1 ul1 be subjected Us the @ o sae eaivtot stern t+ CES Re are te cunts (eth carrempingabisante vl (ee 22 F) nk Tan hc be ote, iia tebe ahereed Wat the tld size (6) any be etsen eqn 6 3/4 the vertical sister seonett, (6) Me Stiftener Tichneee (1): The chosen stiffener thickness (€) must eatiety the = The stittener thickness (W) must be at Least ae the beam wed (yy) ad woBB cxsrrens 20s (2) mint eatinty the constraints ereviously outlined 40 Chapter ug @ = Me Andiced dending stresses must not exceed the This moans that (4) can be computed using the allowable ending sirens 1, in Ye Fodloving relation o of welds (5) well as in the atiftener (2), this thy following relation can 2h. 9.(0.2 Fy) = BA.(0.58 F,) eee: 2 ater ry eres (0.2 Fy) and (0.50 Fy) are the allowable shear stresses for the FLllet weld Lines and the fener respectively. Te be to pe noticed that hy t an = must be in accordance ween Batons (40, Ce), (Os (a), Gs and (1) old Lines (3) equal to the sine (8) of welds (5). To weld ines (6) attaching the top plate t0 the beam flange ie to be eter te Exams 2306 cneren ‘rlangular Bracket plates are wEilzed ax support traékets, su aliffonere aod as buthopases In heaey frame Joints b ay] (2) Top plate bracket @) Twiangular otittenmes (2) Wold attaching the top plat (4) Weld attaching tx top plate to the colina Clanges (5) wold attaching te stiefoner to the column Flange ‘The behavior of the telangular stiffeners differs frow the rectangular one analyzed in the previous section. The ettfraner Totares at a plate wipported at tus sides amt free at the sloping edge. However plate buckling ant stress conditions wild Aeterming Ube required thicken of the stiffener hile the two supported side dinenstons will be governed by the constructionBourne wt fverage stceos an the loaded. ge (Ey = Ry / 3-4) to te sta (yy) 02 found to aa cian aa Getz toa Ga ‘the triangular tiffonere will be governed by either the (a) Buckling Condieton e ” or 2 Oy store Fog 42 the moximin stress on the free edge hich must nt. cnceed the yield streee (F) fant 4 = 0.3, Equation (6) becones te onl E Equation (c) beconee 308 cunrren Be © ing the averse front relation tn conjmction ith teation() wt be =. (oso, ie oe ote stress) mms te © Ie tMctneoe (1) must satiety both eundttions (4) and Ce) in orier to overcome Bath buckling and yielding considerations, To be noticed that the top laidly connected to the column flange, also it haz Deon aesamed hot the reaction A war uniformly distributed stong the side 4 distance (e,) closer ae proaible to the wae considered in the analysis proceed as follows (2) Choose the dimension "a" equal to the bearing Length () 09 previously deduced without any extension of the bean ‘ange over the Bearing length. Goly a aet tack of 12 mm is required te assure the rotation of the beam. ste |Bi cusrrens 309 (2) The welds commenting Uhe top plate of the bracket to required rLgLstty previously ansuned £0 the agalysie Ftange sre designed oxxctly a= previously dutlined in Section 10 te to be noticed that the actual analysis is based on qalllative asomplions. gore accurate analysts may apply = Aieterent weld Lines ac springs of appropriate rigtiities. TW ‘ot buckling and yielding will be aitowstically inclaled. eter to Example 4:18 4.12, stutfennd Sout Braghet hase Plane ts formal tothe Bean vertical stiffener (case of crane track gttder), the analyses Previously presented Sn Section 4.10 and 4.11 are valid for oly will Behave differently . The amalysle mst satiety the following considerations: Fig, 4.18.2, t1lusteates the configuration of a rectangular stiteened bracket. Section (1) passing through the eupt ‘change of Snetination 18 considered to be the erStieal section sere the maximum Bending and shear stresses are to be computed 1m order to deteraine the thickness(€) by the fottoings Newer Ke mds My = zeroBewerens au @ perpendicular to the free side cone Ra eS oo 1m Equation (a) and (0) one can utttize the attowsbie ending compressive stresoee (F,,) Inttend of fy to compute the wo Fig. 4.38.4, the folloving question arises: Why Section 2-2 one ‘for the rectangular bracket of he tenting stresses in Equation (a)? In fact thie Will Lead to 2 higher moment (= fe, Umstead WLLL induce nigher stresces Leading Uo an excussive Ukness w. 1-8) hich consequently 312 curren Section 2-2 with the Induced moment (= Rye.) while the Mire the weld Inez can be represented by springs of (of Section 4.9 adding one, the or three triangular stiffeners a2 re the came as previously outtined Compute the Dearing length (0 wetne Equation (a) of of the aoment arm (2,) ‘Me critical Section 1-1, perpendicular to the free odes of| the stiffener, will be eubjected Lo the following straining 1 sto We ncoerey com + Ry [6f 2 mest 3](ater to Fig. 4.19 Section 1-1) Fig. 4.19 ‘nce again all Uhece assumptions are not probobly very 34 curren he svconlary beams are of the same helsht, the erection wrocess feBowrrens ee eat Anserted. On the other hand if ree Clooney tea are oF aiffrent Selhte oe cn provide ton aden. olte say fhe Tak sso one of the crateat height in order 42 svpport thts bean and then he ah Secondary bean iz places and the Bolts Inserted concerning grou of bette (1) of Fig. 4,20 and 4.21 one can cbecrve that theve bolts WIT] Behave either in single atear wea nly coe of the nelehboring spans is wubjected to superinposcd A€ the tuo nethboring spant sre lotto. seenery Mig secontary em tee Som In ° 1 * 316 cuarrer4' roam es vy {RCT = Ry geen py 34 we langle nd the ter of bolts for grows (1) ant (2) refer, te In the preceding paragraphs the Flanges for toth the mis ant secondary beans vas not required to be coplanar where the secondary Deane are allowed to be ast a lower top flange evel ‘an the main team, Hoover, 1f the flanges are required to be coplanar one can ulilize the configuration of Fig. 4.22.2, sere the Flanges of the seiandary beans are notched. ‘the determination of the size of he framing angles, the rmter of group of belts (1) and (2) Sa a straight foruard ‘Flange in coped (notched) with a omit part of the web (Fig. 4.22.8), can shot tena of failure, Section (1-1) passing ‘throw the web wll be subjected to concentric aiear (Ry) snd 9 flemarad soment Ry Uh, #) hoe dnducing prénetpel318, curren ferent crs eens) ih the field bolting as shows in Fig, 4.23.0 eter to Example 4.12.(8) Fig. 4.25, shows an alternative configuration sere this type of connections is that the web cleat plate thickness (0) cat be chowtn in secondance tos sate bending strees along Section (1-1). The indoved ment slong Section (1-1) 48Bouse Ba TRG framing anglet to the main bean web will be mubjected t vertical sheer (0) 08 well a= a floniral woment M = Rry+ 03), (e) The third alternative te to replace the web cleat iste by a channel az shom in Fig. 4.26. The channel cross slong Section (1-1) shore M = Rye: moe Aden te utilized Uo provi 322 curr Fig, 4.27.3, Illustrates © beam-to-beam connection sere Fig. 4.27.0, stows a conection uhere 2 coplanar top flongea 2 required. for Ua last aitantion bending along Section I ie a be checked stare OM # Tye Refer te Beample 4.13.Bcssvrens 23 ramp (41), elo to ning Aneles 6 10.0 ton (B= 10-0 tons? Rafer to section 4.5.6 1. Gedo Attaching the Franing Angier to the Beam Keb: xeg® a = 0.88 ems Keg ey (= 5.8 cm a0 cms X= 324 cuarven SBR po x OH? 6 2x 5.0 x (8.0/2 - 0.8192» 70.2 ent Ex ORBEA Te 7 ON ven! Sieg? BER © 0086 BAZ 8-28) 9.04 trea? hon, 4 Comme wane «01 vet cor vet de n= 0.10.72 + Osten tate + oes (tal Mo mod to check section (2-2) 41 Wit be safe 2, Framing Angles Thickness: ealeet the affect of the end return hook weld (12 wns) Ualng Hethed (A) of Soot Mexternat 9 Lom, Migtgenan =f fe #28 x En ENS 500 fo Dyula Hyg = Mig am emt y= 0124/8 vetBB cusvrons 325, a “eS ‘section (e-2) OST = OaDA/S CA Lom = 0.124 tone £ (= = 0-4 om We = 0124 « (ark) = 0424 (7 = 2H 0.7) = 0.694 Liem fy RPEee et entval ats 1 1.73 om angle thickness) ‘the came result can be obtained using Equstion «9 Pe finenarereen]/ oan Pa poset e619 7220.7) Wate LA. om. (very encessivel peradahjere@-x@gh s Feren leg tbe fear TPs 2207 x Go-7aP] =m at 2B 0-72) g 104 Vea? ooget * } 5. wende Attaching the Framing Angles 326 cugrren 58 (7 = 2 0.7) = 0.76 Kaew 421.8 ome, (OLLEL excessive) Te may be attowed to reach the yteld stress c= [EERR ese coe. use 26a taotanes Choose # = 0-7 ons. (weplect Nook wel ty F \ ee 2 7 mo scree ea va al i ay esurse 2 | go EATES 6 0. vat | est SA OF) = 03 vent fo, Ho MMO. So 265 ea? Mh peor = so | ov acts ae ors ve GoatNo (40) carrying renetion of 10 tons. ‘The coltan Je 4 B.F-T, Mo (20). ee Kon pretensioned bolte (Grade 4.6)-Refor to section 43-2. (tyynt. dona) a ae ee ~ From the construction condition 1. eoip (0) of tate Aggy, 2 4025 42 GE a7 2 R= 0.00 2.6 ¥ 140 x = 002 & Gere 2250.87 Path te Sot) carrer a2 tate o Oar 2:30 = 4.002 4 rom (a) & (0) uke 4 ordinary bette 42 0m dlamater: 2. Group of Botte (2 Uae MIG — my, 0.25 x 4x 2.04 2.0 tone > 1.25 tone (0.K.) vaca BL 0) Eqe2s GR m= mets330 curren Rei cusren 335 20 COR) (sy bee] ‘plying in eution (£) of Section (4.4) 5= free Che Cae eZ, Ry = 10 tone ae, 4, Wolds Attaching the Cleat Plate to the fam Webs rere Ll Aeoue the followings : | ; :ourven iel=] 1 + 0.886 om ° Fram (0) 8 (9) take (= 0.60 or (2) bolts Attaching Bean Bed ty Cleat stn pstensen belts (Grate 44) «= eo? hea 70.28 0 a IE 0 3.88 tone hewermerscyens CO] piten = 2207.50 n= 4d Coy = 9/22 9.75 cme) R= 0.6 x 9.622 0.6 = 2.59 tome 340 cuseren sie [or ea? « 01m vat Strotrea) = 22 «0.06 —o =e = o Ae point (0) = EEE «0.00 vet (0.27 +3 0.17? = 0.96 vee? Fron (9) 8 (0) —5 tee weld size of S am at both des ofBeuserens ‘Eeaple_(4.6)-Welaod Fie edecten Eemple we) and olted to the eplumn Senge by ordinary bolts. J-3 waking an dp (0) Belts of Bod Plate to Colum Flange: 1 Uae endplate with thickness 6 ma, raring eeeiatance Ry igg " O8 X 2.6 x dH 0.60 iti a case ie ee 4 Non-pretensioned tales Grade (4.6) 120 da Attaching Bom to Ens-Piator Fe wI TTT 8 om 0.95 2.4 Con)Bennrvens 38 nample (4.7); (hutiffened Seat-Bean Connection w= 0.10.6 (0.25 + 0.15 + 0.20) 4 22 29028 = tg BE | Reaction of the floor bean = 2906 = 6.70 ton, (2) bearing Length of Seat Ange: wee em 1 RSD yg Petre om | \, | ta | Bee fe ply I | su cuneren «ile Clearance #3 = 1.2 6 38 = 2.0 om. (2) bosten of Seat sogle: ne can any the critical atetion of the steel angle 1s rectangularBcuserens a owas un weLEAE of Dean = 100 kg/m W010 + (0.25 + 0,15 + 0.20) 4 26 reg. = fo aus coarser aa (2) bosign of Seat Angle: one ca eny the critical section of (bo steel angle Se Fectangular and neoce F, = 0.72 F, . Te tized asnumpttons being somewhat approximate vo prefer to be conservativecusern Re 21 Ty gg RE = 2.44 tons + Choose 1.5.0, MIG (10.9) Wee 4 WS.B #16 (10.9) (4) Top creat (2-0 34> 4.00; choose 1 55255 26 ae See se pote dete A, 07s BE Ae Lt ea? ay vote xm GBT. 40 1.01 ooAE cuserees 347 ge n= 8:10 ton eta at seett-1)+ Me sy - she Ba - oes vat tage PODS tan Vent» tax 070 mate cag" etshhyg #4 ome > TBtoeee of eat ante or to reject the welded seat angle solution « caren ie Redesign Example 4.3 welt an Unstitfened Seated Angle (4) Bearing Lenets on Seat, Angi: allowable crippling stress uhich equals 1.90 tea? (f.6:P- 2001), We gat cay 22.16) == 0.46 om, (MR Take We 2216 #45 oon, payBB cunrrens Mo 350, conser i (2) Sega of Seat nels (2) tts Attaching he Seat angle to the Calm Flange strength bolts (0.9) pe, Tey seat angle $0 x 120 x 12 * constrvction condition sllovs = maximum talt dianetor of asame critical section of angie to be at 1.0 om tag = Hh = 2.26 nner face of angle leg (as show in Fle.) rom Fig str cmenee «422602 3.25 oe. oment at root of anete: 1 89 3S x 30 = 3.595 ton, Anime that tn angle with a 208 a ot teens = EETEE 1.5 me > 1.7 ae tate ; me rey on wnt anes [0 10 1] ae ep 2 Ht ctearence «482 6 1.0 + 9.25 om. is tee 45.8, MED) 0.99. [Tag ast 00 525] al mace «fre ciesen cutee oe Py (W 12) © 1.92 ton < 2.5 tone". UnsafeBB cusrrees asi Snr bat sr 6 me fy 10 = 3.8 ve 4 mes.n, x 16 [10.99 te] (4) Top cies o 1636 C48 cee $ Oooce 55x55 1 the tatal Lond on a floor beam of a industrial Botding noose BFE 8 (20) Heachion « ne SEE (2) Peterminat so + check Againat Golyplinglcuaeren 353, Roe rey ar edge of the eeat bracket 354 carrer d| 2 (a) 20:72 = 0.04 t, Cae wine of fi1tet weld) ty SEES ny (4) tetermination of the Stittener to ( = 0.40 L ) sthe stiffener plBecvsrren 355 Fo eee 2 geod = ‘Tain eauatton can te best solved ty trial and error. pow Ls 18 om + Tyg = 8.00 Yea? (Oneae) Lem en fg, = 0.70 tren? (sated. ‘wath =" can be taken 12 om. The Weld Length “L" can thie be 386 By tesa and error 5 L = 18 ome. F079 Vem, (O.K.) WB. The wheal ToSection wild Be ante agsioat ending and orutvatont tresse,Taw am “4 lem dees The critical section (eva) Se asrumed at 1.0 cm fran the a id Id Le ke Le 8 38 curren i Proportion of Oritical Section (eve): training Actions and Strassen: fy ERE? « 0.274 Ue? (o.t)| thnk “Seven decree sa.90x.95 a. | stitteners. fxg IES 0.56 create. k Bolte Attaching the Seat Angle to the Colwan Fane Proceed as previcusly outlined tn example (4.8), 5. Top Cheats Choose an angle 5S x 55 x 6 with 4 high strength bolts (@ = 16-m). Tae bolts are to be arranged on eich legBB cunrrens 359 See eat) Finger arfend Beal ats im Bx. 4.9 uatng 6 tedanguar iP: © Reterring to the results previously computed tn Bx. 4.9, (0) Tehangular stiffener Mickness: (2) muceting Condition: nresaey i «0 curren we tl (2) Yielding Conon (2) Wold Attaching the Triangular Stiffener tothe Column Flange: 16 alternative (1) 49 utilized hence refer to maple 4.9 16 alternative (2) f2 chosen, consider only that the two a q Cearmcse soeAB cusrrene 363 Byuany £09 #40 x BE = 6 tore Zatoptrest EELS = 161.8 ton acess a FL No 40 (= BIS E100 5 . -20ssex8, 0208 ons) $ . choose 9 BFE we 55 (6, « So a rou of belts (1) Te pom t 14 want Ean x 1229.5 cone 4 va? 14 (ox, 364 curren Be fy #2 x 0.25 ne BED 2 6.20000, By FOR e RO 142 064 tan, bere ae tat, shnber of botte = 22,56 = 2.46 tae 9 salts Pitch © 12 one and edge distance 4.5 cme ‘ou of wots (2) ‘ight span of bean (A) Losdod by LiL, in oMdstion Uo DLL. Fobtet.a "95 #60 = 15.5 tone, fg sas ett EEE a a.t4 tone Rye = 0.9 2.6 0.9 x2 = 5.104 tone, amore traning <6 90 = 90 x 9) manber of Bolte = SEE = 4.00 botts, tate? colume of ‘Tose bolt will te subjected to a torsional aoment (ce Fig. 6) 2 44s coe wat nduce 4 bending normal stress (ue tanatle force) on thie group of bolts’ due to the Live Load reaction oly (= 6.5 0)Beowerens 365 366 curren ca aE Teale) fogs la 1 0206 2.98 + 0.686 tn fy = EEE 2s 0.69 ved! eo = 2.582 tone Rig) £1.60 tone et (eaream per feet 1.2 > 1.0 (unsafe) eck of Hotehs _(Seotton 5-5 Fig. =) 0 = GES OS ots owe id wx rexiaesa tan 26+ 34 pe co me, gc petalone cae mts @- 209] va0x26 x (@- 1.90? = 12019 entAB cusrrens 367 72 ints x 0.95 Vert <4 ew bond oa tag = O55 8) 7 NBA LAD ng Sk 28 1 8 548.8 on = 0.44 Von? 6 0.86 Ven? (028) Maer of ordinary pots « 18:5 = 4.99 bolts Take tuo cole of 3 belts each 02 opiy #Myy) = 18:5 £2 #38 tone R= 0.03.6 £16 0 20 9.286 toe Nanbor of boats = 2h ence tue coluans af 3 galls each i= sufficient.Bcurrvens 369 rerio sags 70 vet. = (ever 7 coed) 0 nce the Snducrd force Fy $= calculated the corresponding computed. a ie tee tates «8 oe | — (cont + 8) a —rC——r— _ a “oy ‘Radial stiffeners are to be utilized to support the lover lr hts 1 a fT eh ts he an eter ee erat eaten estat the remining force in shear, the’ folloving can be radial stitronors are utsnized t¢ (2p) exceeds (472 computed (see Fig, 5.36.¢): (Re) oa 1 oder te Aten th lection an the eres aten of ‘hoan radia sitters, wo cn posted a few (a) favone to ne 2 rod atfenee ot iSietac® etanen stirrer (A) ant (8) and satan one a widiatenee Sesinenstttenrs (an ( ‘Shear Re oe or Resiatanen = Bo eae Ty “ty & ence takingCHAPTERS 459 (@) Calculate the bending sonenta at the location of Uhsoe curved flange of the hauich (ove Fig. 537-0) ge Maly cont a0 Gt Med cot (ed Rafer to the fret principles of Section 5.6.6.2 amd une Haquaition (4) te coloulate the tranaverve bending tress (C= S22) watch wil be combat greater than the fuicn for Both Section (48) and (5-5) (hee fg ant fgg are t0 be caloulated) (2) Calculate the percent of increase of there tranaverse ending stresees with rezpect to the allouble one 3:0 ce | 7 (0) ant 5-5) Ge) compute the force te De resisted by the radial stiffeners using equations (a) and la). Benoe the Gatloving eat 400 corr (2) The corresponding area of each pati! of stiffeners can compressive trees (Fay) ing relation (8) in accordance With the allowmbie 0.50 F,)Beuserens 461 he Naccay = RE o PySgcbyy Mutsy Oe, netted OA nee to etd the rst XIN caretpnd to the length raglred to tana thelr freee by fittest tue tn otters mat be Filed te the cprestion fons toe ity Rogue he curved haunch connection iz to be braced Interally at Joints (1), (2) and (2), tence ae for the tapered. hatch elation (8) of Section 5.6.5.2 is to be utilized (Le. Lb = 100 ere Lh oe tyg Ea wo 16 the unbraced Length iyy oF lg exceeds thts Linit, the ‘thickness of the inner comprasaton Flange should be jncreased, The other alternative would be #2 Increase the inner’ flange ‘weadth. In any case, B/t must not exceed 16 in order to Prevent the local bucking phenomenen, 402 coarren ibe eter te Example 5.16 ceoxp (IY) Eave and Apex connections :~ Tolldings. Portal frome reprecent the most widely dood form of rroquiranents the designer ie obligod to take care about the coat Fig. 5.90, \Uuetrater = typical portal frate where the milly located at positions of Mgh momen the rafter Conve conections) nd alee between the rafter renders at the ridge (apex connections)‘CHAPTERS 463 Generally it te tnpe by moana of bolts located within the normal Aitterent eave and spex connections are peeaented, (a) The uelded eave connections, (0) The dotted end-plate cave commetions (0) The eplice-piat Stott, The Welded Bove Connect ich 4s rarely tilized im sndustrsal building sonatrct one However, there exists different configurations of cave welded cmneetions ac presented in the paragraph below: ‘commer connection (nanely here eave connection) five aifferent one, can refer to Section 5.6.9-4 an well a to example fis Fig. 5.39 shows different configuratiine of ——— CSTR TRE Sa 64 canrren se Carigwatiow Gl oa of te Fedo wl the scents a Lr—~—t——— configurations wotld result with horizontal connection by standardization for single and aulti-bays frames ‘Az hae been previaucly outlined in Section 5.8.1 the develop the fil beam’ capacity. Unite the extended and plate pans the required bea strength. The edge pirlin (eave purtin) must be displaces aay sau the fact of the colum in order to prevent interference with the roof cavering material (shaun by, the dotted line of Fig, 5.39.0) contiguration (€) namely the hamhed-end-plate save comection i= the sort popular one. Fig. §.90:6; Auateat typical taunched connection were © short hauneh waa aepZoyed to produce sh adequate lever arm of the bolt group. The thumch ratter aod hence 4t= size, The common practice i Le mike the ‘of the baste rafter section, For the analyst refer te Section 2.8.2, ere the strength, stability ind stiffening requirements466 cxneren Bh for the taunched ood plate type, st 12 possthie te tranfer the enston force of the rafter doun. The traditional outer ro of [Ae shows im Fig. 529-4, the second row of tension flange may ayproxinately reach ‘iret row. Tate uaualy weang that the Bcusrrens 46s thus the vpper tension cinceled. However onal stiefeners (chown ® cnt-plate comectione having © diagonal plane of conection. ‘wfortunately these typer have the sain Acadvantage that moor cornet teat £6 buckle Iatersily. Having ne Upper or 2 porting to attach the tanar corner, we mist check this region ‘acainst the lateral torsional Wckling considering the uniraced ength equal Lo tice the distance tetusen this inner corner and © © Ee mts ect sot the adjacent. upper puri. ‘hus It 16 vot estommended Lo use these Gre last configuration? he etabIIIly and erection di efor to Bxamptee 5.19 and 5.20. Bm aa | .7.1.3, me splice mate nave ComectionBewerins 467 cvpocit. and equal foros (T= % D. Te Beam tenston onanitted Lo the colwan section via the fHlet lines of welas Sore to te ceame eh.” Te avnt the crippling of the (2) spice Pate, (2) Ena Pate 4, (2) High atconeth bette, (3) Fillet wide comecting (5) lah strength potts resisting the tar Q Fie, 5.40 (2) Upper splice plate, (2) Lover spite plate, (3) W.5.0 tranendtting the (A) Fidtet welds conecting (5) Cleat plate tranenttting the shear 0. 408 cure Tig, SA cone Goth nllgelon operate a Sune natest agape bane ov sling in fii eb plate "SY ult traneadt the shearing force “Q', Thi (2) Upper splice plate, (2) H.5.8 teanonttting the opplt= women (2) elds connecting the =plice (4) Tension atittener. (6) Welds connecting the tension (6) Bracket tranaattting. the shear "0 Fig. 5.42 Fig. 5.42, {Luetrates a splice plate configuration where the beam tension force is trananitted to the splice plate "I" force 18 tranmmitted to the tension stiffener (4) via the filletBB curren 469 Seawsee the tea sprveion free thts cetincenie oe ts enition ty ainect cate the lawn Mca ranantt the staring force "Q" to the coltun flange 4.0, tin a ssa of he cenit sae tn, steple. To avotd repetition refer te eter to Examples 5.24 and 5.22, and shear of the column will be oe pete . splice plate "1" snd the eee seit fo menos of atria he see nett a he ci “re fr thy a (1) sptice ptate (2) H.5.0 tranmttting the ‘applied secant" (2) Fantet welds comectiog (@) mtpiate (5) Botte tranmtting the ‘component of "Q* and" «0 corr TR 1) Splice plate, 2) 1.9.8 tranoastting the (©) Fille welds comecting (4) Seat ante, (a) The butt-veleg ape connections (0) The etplate apex connsctions (0) me apts 5.7.2.4. The Dut or FECL velded Apex Connections: ‘he has been mentioned before, the field welding 4= rarely Utitiand. wee, if Usa configuration fe chosen hy the Aevigner, attention te to be concentrated with regard to the severe situation at the tension flange weldcures 2 sine o sy Mere: gy + 0.2 Fy Mowable F112et wed etress On the other hand the bear flanges can be ether f1ttet welded to {tas Uunteated in Fig. .45.c, 4 For the cooputation of the filet weld size “et of Pia. we can apply in the Following: carne « Mere: = width of the rater flange 5.7.2.2, The tnt-plate fpex Connections: Adenticel t2 those of te cave conections, that of elastic wwenin the apex conection can produce @ magnifiet dowmeard Aetoreationa are depending on the design details of the connection in the tenslen zope. fe to the caves. The control of these local Fig. 5.46.9, Siluetrates atypical detail of an apex connection which soem on Firat appearances to be sinter to the extsnled end-plate af Section §.8,2- However the similarity of amalyete ie true if the ond plate 2 thick enough resulting bolt lood Alsteibution 42 quite different compared to the elastic anaiysis previously outlined in section 5.8.2 in ich the bolts located ayend the tension flange are constrained fron tovlia (wards the tention flaige by the ether felon Flange om wich the Bolte Year while for the configuration shown in Fig. 5.46 ftestie manner producing s similar Boll lead dlatefbution 2 that depicted ny Ue extended enteplate of Section 5.0.2. Pit (the end-plate bende are in doible curvature causing 3 gap to twnce preautiont are to be providedBensrrns a CU © —— Lr ——— rr a L——OO tims = teeter a th ite eS LUL—L——— Tae ne tit to oe ro te thn. ay tea artery ting ofthe ee fn the mi, tee ead fw kite oF att ay a dULUr—s Ca ee (a) Enacptate (>) With Stusfener ——(e) UAL Haweh ‘Me best configuration of an apex comection i that shou fm Fife S.46cc. The team taneion flange is reinfoteed Wy a will hunch umtelly cit froe the sane rolled section ae the rafter. Te tension force will pase via the tamch te cutersost Yolte, store distribution tide te be elastic ae previously outlined in Section 5.8.2. ator te Exaaple §-23, 5.24 and 5.25~ 5.7.2.9, The SplscerPiote Apex Comects These types of conections are rarely utilized, they have sown to be lead econmic than the endplate configurations of Sectlon 5.7.2.2 a cusrren she Jigs SorTia Ghows on apex connection ing tHe Sever bi irength Botte (9) where: ee © oe Taye, see Sie ae shige Sent Apes ing Siler Plates , pints thickness Pte !Horners 475 Regarding the path of the tee compression forch "< the we of an per eplice plate in nel recomended where the compressive load can force thie eplice plate to ban shown by (he dotted Lines in Fig. 5.47.a. Te comeessive lead should Preferably be tranoferred by bearing via tho end plates a sho eter te Beomple 5.26. continuity between the tue secondary ‘beams meeting at the cranen types of connections Se provided (he desisner 1s gure that the inspection provision are Provided, hence one of the connections som ia Fig. 5.48 and 416 curren se Tag ay laren « dire wld eftgstin stu the sncnary bean teatn force fa eaafrrd fron the lant veconary bun tothe rt on a the Se wee te Tot wld foot he wnetan peso the testh°7 he (eanmmitted. On the eller baal the ssconary tram ormprealon Fig. 5.40, Continatty of Beag-To-Beam secondary bear tension force fe transferred to the upper flange fof the alm beam via tree Lines of F4Net welds (2a #24)curren n Tehaving in concentric sheer. The size (=) of these welds Gan oplice plate, Two aapects are to be considered: (a) The fyilet weld lengtne cotmecting tne splice plate te ‘te eecendary beam tension flange must be capable to transfer (2) Te thickness of the eplice plate must ensure. the ne ay o = the thickness of the eplice plate the actual stool tensile sires < 0.88 F, 2 ne can datermie Firat the required safe thickness of the splice plate (1) and then choose (2 = 1). eck bare a cunrren she te nate rer Pigs $49, continuity of BeanTo-Bean by Welded Splice PlatesBaus ay Tig FOR Tiiaisae woth Corton oF we cermctions wing spice plate. Ti tension force of the secmnary ine to trrectted to te tp plee vin «fille wea Tine of logis “¥y" cathe to the flange 6f iv ein bun vi tivce that weld Line (bye 25). The pitciplen of esl renin changed. ig. 5.40.0 chaus @ configuration of a aplice-plate {llet welded te te corresponding steel etructoral elesente, Fig. 5.49.4, AUuctrates a top splici-plate batt welded to tenaton force is transferred safely from one etn to the other. 58:2: Belted Rigs Grid Baa Connections: ‘Reree typloal rigid grid boas conmictions are s2lastrated fm Fig. 5.50, Detatis (A) and (B) are ttLizad iF coplanar top ‘tanges are required. plice plate te used to tranerer the secondary beam tension force via the group of ordinary bolts "Z". Two amecte are to be anatyael (2) The thictness of th he tranmaltion of the tenslon 2 wing (F, = 0.58 F,) __™ aye Owe co) nant @ ~~ fe (2) Upper Splice Plate: (0) Framing Angles. (5) Ent-Pl (2) Group of 1.5.8 oF 0.8 (4) Lover spice Plate ig. $.50, Rigld Grid Hoan ConnectionsBiever: 484 7, ie Sota tee! tose wirwand 5.58 F, the trentth of the oplice plate at Section x n= the munbor of sesinary bolts PAESINE ehrosh = 2 bette a how in Fle. 5.62: = teamater of Bebe ME #2 mm, Go) Te group of bolle (oy ordinary bolte) must teananst thaw o Migaat 7 WH shear or beoring resintance of one ordinary belt or the fetetion resistance (P,) Sf the main boon in cul in onder to perait the extension of thts pice plate, The lower apllce plate being aibjectet to his means that if the Uncknese and the Breath are chosen ‘equal to the corresponting secondary beam disensions, m0 feltitional cheeks are regtires. 1e high strength belts of the felction type are utinized, Compresaton tenes end toe the breadth “DY and the thickness sen ures ie vty ta otis reusttos oe ence Oy tm frag coer wo tiael nF 5 ‘This contigaration ts rarely vord elnce Ube meer of Bets are relatively nigh: Tug. 5.50.%, Wuatratne 2 explant tap lanes connection sire a combined eplice-plate/and-plate are wend, The required ruber of high strength bolts "2" an well ex the computation of the eplice-plate thtoknens Will follow emctly detetl (A). Te cnt platy £ibb0t welded 40 Whe peceary Vem WiLL ore the Aanefer of the vertical renctions by friction. Wide the srconiary beam compression force Je tranealtted via the end plates by bearing. 16 the secondary beans may be sot Below the top flanse of the main beam, Ue mist econonte conection is to utttize ‘extended ont plates ae shuns in Fes 5.50.6 (Detafl °C"), The “deahgn of Whe cod plates WLLL Kelle emactly Section 5.8.2. 5.9, Genera Comente Hognrding the Analyeis of the Newent End 1m 1991 two different atudien concerning the fluted and ‘the extended end plate manent comections wore conducted in the Steel Division of the Faculty Of Magineering et cairo gh tcengQh taltod connections apd vill be presented In the fortosisg paragraphe. Walle the second stinly was a poranetete snatyain dealing vith Seat-Risld connections and will be rreainted jn Chapter 6. in Mae Sara esearch ohsty sametyS Ualversity. The fsrat stafy vas analyzing the rigBeusrrens 483 fend tment Comesiios™ (12) he weent Gemectinoars set ine nthe seta ne cea apn tte ad ncntlonntes High strngth elie, weld aod concen vcen any tie plates vere sunatiated ty Tntge loss These litage wlemnts tore plang tin ied by nook ce tne frrina In the tre. opce emelatone nk tBe crtepnany fotittns. Each) Hlefeee prin oar donee for at corteping anne £2, CS Soo St Lee wove bos SE Sore oe moe Oe the other “hand! the plate stiffness sae conputed ‘Shatiering That” lampig forces are induced ave to. the Hienteniie the’ Holts ant hence cause a ft contact between sréae, Aaoubing Wat the bolt he Ditterent eamto-cftan comections vere aniyecd wiog St sated andthe ied ant pate srtgaton. Te 484 curren se Co fe mt pate tw _ (a) fs rnevrsnl snc of thn te Bat The main rele of thie stuly can be wumarized ae Frying F Pile geo of between the column flange and tte ond plate (prying eige) ant ye ed plate coinetding with the clam flange. the two rove at the neater of the beim tenaon Flange with (he greater portion stared by the Lover row conection with stiffeners opPueite toé SERRA SEAS I SPIO AIST TERA?‘cuarrers [NOL ST 88SMenraes the contr ihe of the praetpl are utilized, Jt can be cbsteved that the inuced strenece Th ain of thia aiecueston ts to notify that still thie lp of conections needs additionil research work. Ve peaseos structural elesente behavior. We da Belleve that the ince oF definite deaign rules ct be accomodated by an -axtensive soatyeis of a large number of eittnctions including the ‘itterent parasctare affecting the behavior. Brample ustgn of Flange Velde: foes fase en _{feeee In order to Unanonit the shearing force Q " 6.0 tone from 6) Framing angles welded to the beam web and bolted to the cote Flange (GA) Cleat plate belted to the bean usb and welded to the For the design of the dicrerent structural components, eter to Chapter 4 — | wns pall he notation of the Bean UMickoess (ty) e emctely theBessrmes wn = ape cova of teat tating g/g WEE 6 «2, Bending of Colsen Flange: ‘tues thon eat ob Lett be egal to rook Atmensions a for GrSPPLing fue (bgy © M4 ones ty = 12 oh ‘Sear of the Corner Web (Stability) wre having the eae 492 corer ie pees ae = = 2 te Deviting Fore = tgs = 1.8 0 0.94» 90.26 on penning orc =F = 2h = 5. on Naor Peete Fe eecorners be 493, ‘anges Lo the column flange ration to trananit the shear @ = ‘colon flange. ‘the exact analysis mnt follov the first principles fe. checon ogy # 2G EE o 14.25 oe Take buy = 14 can, eoteting force © 0.8 7 x EZ eH, + 05 atey ty) Te prevent the oon beng Pete Seer eer toe tHe © 0.67 ow choose ty, = 1.0 eo ening of ons Page | . :46 curr si Bors 495 ce sa, = hag = PEE oo? Ite ng Memes ty BEE oem tag HS Greene bys Meme sty 1.0 co WAL atity di. tie | seme fy prem the i exact ultimte amyate, ‘he portion "A" and "OY are forming one plate unit, hemos ‘Shear ventstance of Corner Web (Stabl1sty) choove for portion "A" the Sane dimensions a °D". opis sear ee ene In reality, these valves are conservative due to the high sontyate (4) Using a Compressive Diagonal SUif fen fp soverne the deste, Acccay " Meteo)" Deed = 1-78 ow 2 gg Zt M719 140 6 16.1 (0K) @ stittenee emnining force to proportion st{ffenar "A tased on swonats 10 suitimate etree analysis (opposite to Beam tension flange): Fyutay 2-95 /eoat, lange Bed Uliate gprescs Teslning compression force = (6 ~ 45) x 24 = 36 tone 29.01 ae BSE wa tom. Coren = 0.720) Bate Nettie fy fotlowing rotationee) 05.71 = 1.8 AS x 6S 2 2B AT Cr, emining Force opponst to beam tension flange = 21.38 « (F/,) 2.95 © (1.42.4) = 12.45 tone mining shearing forse governs = 79.01 tona (governs the design)= 7 eee he (48.279). c0245_ 6,10) ren? =a felvenmas * as 3aTBI? 0.35 tren < 4.8 1 ty O81) 835 eames bye Oe Skew ssa. 1.2, Randing Tea-stab Flange: nonlin, 204 TG mee = neem, ‘Sioese a Testa ctittenee whose flange a= HE, 0 0.38 Ven? «0.64 vert 91.5 (ore a part of BAF-T. Ro, # 45) 3. Crippling of Teese Webs dees of apptied fore AEA, = os eat «0.12 en? nate fa tenets to Gelum web (Sectioh 5.2.3) 2.2, Welds Attaching Tee-Stsb Vb to Co! Leg 2 Hz Sg 20m ply ta oe satus ft te pa BEBE 6 500 1,2 MEE = one vee? 0.73 Ven? ok 2, taplan of Velde: (Reter to Section $:2.2): Pitective length of weldsBi csswrons 501 en Uhe welded tean-to-columa connection show in the = co” BER | = m0 52.22 93.0 oa Ley apace the manent by two forces: Fx = 1500.6 51.7 tone son curr fog e SLT COS «gy veg? a Taeonts 97 en Fagus 2 TSF 9 OTT » 0.546 Vem? 14 xa GI) «0.4 ves? > 0.0 SFE Ty #074 Veal replaced by @ portion of a B-F.I N = 32 Resketing area = 1.9 (2,0 +5 x2 2.2) = 24.2 o9? Unaate Either we omit thts type of configuration or we apply an dypies force © 22 HE 3.26 tne eating force © 1.0 419.08 5424 2421 2 Ferp ‘we th “te 4. Bending of Coluan Flange:paceting ren ve G2. EPS Os ema ta iy ote MS = 50.08, tonas—>-4inas tone (0-4) MLB. The Tee-stab web A= attached t¢ the column Heb uatng {sitet welds of winiman aize 8 = 0.4 cms 5, Shear Resistace of Calum Heb Applied fnee = 0.75 x $7.7 = 49.275 tone, REE +: ousining force = 49.275 - 97.120 6.14 = 4 ~ 642.2) tx 0.06 fet 20.3 omy take b= 0.6 ow To be noticed that this approach 18 soseutat hat the applied force 18 F/2 tnatoad of 974 F su curren ti Teen the conection of Rauple 5.¢ using vertical plate = 1.222 By = woes ot 15 x 100 x (9972) 2 = SLB EO? 0.508 ew Section 14; ( Butt welds) == evan ALIA E aa 0 te fea”| Sb cures 505 ec 2, crippling of Cotun ved, Bening of Column Flange, shear ' ' 506 uur sie ae. pet nee conection correspnte te configuration "A" af Section 5.41 Siaeee | ewe [smartenoned 4, Design of the Top Plate = bepitea rorce = 24°32 « 05.71 tone.Beweres 507 = Woe FLlLet weld Lines to attach the tap plate to the Beam ‘Tonge. The size of fet welds Se coven emai to the too ‘Aoplying in the snear eteees equation we get "Iy"+ son Stay Lys 1776 ee, tate Ly = 18.0 om, 2, Design of the Framing Aigles Goose 2 < 6 60 x 60 xO with a hatght "MY « 30 = 4x2 Yo tore 508 corres he Toa se of Group of Welds “8 er 8.0 ore GEE Tea © O77 Ow Cate 6 Me ap Bg + 0.59 ce (Refer to Table 3.6) ‘ee Ue £400 of weld Joining the welds to the franine angles are Ry 10 lone, 5H = 10 (6 - 0.53) = 547 Lene lane (3-1) Us TEER, ox -os 6 re fare ee = + chaooe 2, = 7 mae Plane (2-2):dlcwms ote orem rt I Cl 4 ee eee __iizuatiteasion sete te heey of th Emig oe [bers 21.90 ome. > 0,8 oa one otbtineter hotght ‘Riis value 42 Aigh and conservative TE high olrength tolts 10.9 are utitiaet to atta the framing angles with the colums flange, the angle thickness 12 Wee 4g (20-99 10 conven sie ES OARS) wg 5 (3,5 6 2.5) = 14 tone Ax GOR HAA 6 = 0.02 = 3.64 on Aan ae, (yteld ts attowed) a, 1021.25 tome Cae ooBours su Bours y. ves pet Ya) Fa va (LT Ho sou Vest 2em) va 3, Posten of the Bracket; (2) The Bearing Length "Ws sn corn st (0) stseronar TScine The stiffener thicknwes tg, must antiaty the following = To wold the Local tacking asad ince toy 67 16 0.575 ce.Ry 10 tons,» = 10-2) = 10 ten Put fy" 1a ten? , get ty, = 2.08 Fae. Tye take ot we (2-2) fy = AOR EEE «0.206 tron? 452 feme? 9 C307 =a vad carats vet 10 tone wAll Spit 0.07 vem 5 g2 10 tone Sot Ey = 0.0m red? wertetasd Mat) 7x 0.6 xm516 curr ‘The total Length of this top plate = 90 #2 © 32 om. Width and Tickness of Top Plate: ‘Take wath of top plate of Bracket © 90 - 2 2» 25 cn. quired Untckness t= 9S5271 = 2.26 om.Borwrrees si 72, Dinensions of the Bractat Top Pte 3, FLllet Welds AUtaching Top Plate of Bracket _to_Cottmn we face Total length of funlet weld = @LY +0, €2 LD we get gag # 8otd cme. Take’ = 1.2 oa. 520 curren si ap = GES o 10.35 oe = 05 at «era ats grace 8 ee ee typ STI a 1077 ome (hore = = 1.0 ona at ty x R260 tne EH) «19.0 oeBem: a eropertion of Fuizet telde = 9.25 one. ane 11: atheros val, 0 PBS, = 0.ss vet fgg [TREES 35 OF» 0,608 Vea? < 0.79 (0.4) Plane (2-2) No need to check Una section (2-2) it wit be safe a estioned in the previous examples, 522 corer she =e Design the conection of Bamps 5.9 wolng Configuration Be 6.0 tone, 4, Menign of the Top Plates: ‘ake thichneas of top plate = thtoknecs of bean flange uatn = 60 = $2.06 ome take 12.0 ome re - alte Le oyBowmes 525 1. Tenson and Gonpression Sides are to be designed cxmclly ue the tension side of Baample §.9-(0-8 Section). 2, Design of the Cleat 2 ge Dare "0-50 om Take e+ 6 me, ©) Finiet Welds attaching Cleat Plate to Colum Web Ry 6.0 tone, M26 x 264) 942 Lome, Vea ee 2,228. s000 cn? (ne 16.8 om) Plane (8-1); UA see qcon-t lg corre sie Sa ()_tichnoes of cieat Prater fo Eero = 067 Vest «0.04 Vat on, ft GB EEGs ti vaP 3.2 cae mere se 2 stiffeners (A) opposite to the tracket lover flange ence vee two Wwetzontal stiffenere (B) ofPosite Uo the Yeu ‘enaion flange af tm the previous paragraph (Le. 14x 0.9 8Bcusrrens 539 s00 cusrren iby Norcia Type stiffener (B) can be computed using the fleet principle of the yield tine ers Morszontal portion force =, P, (Eiest principles) Pg 50.8 (7 x 2.4 x TT 6 0.15 x 30 x 2.6 x 24) = 160 tone ‘Arply Am oguation (2) of section $.38.4 Diagonel portion force = (121.2 - @9,25)/coey © 68.36 tone na |e oreo resisted by stitteners (6) = 6, EE w s24.3 x 22 toe et PET 0.45 cd aie ty = 1.0 Ge to preven Locat ie pereelibereg* tom tae on i Lu pwd N, ‘ ae ‘ blag #8trenare (0) Ul Force resisted by diagonal stiffeners = ve = “ > G, = 121.2 tone Regarding Stitteners (8) and (6) in groviow design remaina Santa (6S ~ 9:2) 3 1.7 x 0.84 = 08.25 tone(2) Goonstrscal Cont tguration: (Brat eurcolumn, For simplicity the bending moment dagram for the tapered frame configuration may be taken as fer the corner with racket trane configuration. (0) Assume « tapered Netnch of Length equat to one tenth the pan (ise. Iength = SPM! = 3.0 ma) (c) Make tapered naunch Length 48 Lo be taken on the center (4) Drm the bisectetce of jm Flange and Ane oper after flange, The Induced angle t= equal to C2) (e) From Joint (3) belonging to the and beaw-coluan haunch cumpose the Flange 3-2 whoze Snelination Aysith respect Yo the vertical ands 2 equal to 15. (©) Join Jotmts (2) and (1) to gat the haunch Flange 1-2 hooe snetination 8, with respect to the bean gets 42 47 6) compte the haunch flange Lengths (9) conpate the Following moment Hye 25 tn Myo be M, = 72.0 tm belonging to the rafter:B cusrrens 583 course OP sreaih (e) Seton (Ii) fwnging te the rater constant septs bp Smo a Hy = 40.00. 0.78 Vea? 1.6 (ot) ‘ag = $95 200 w aasr.3 on? . choose a B-FLT We. 40. (A) Section (2-2) belonging t0 the fatter: Keke 1, = #05 100 ° oglect the variation of thictnesoes a pe = Mal = aa Vem? «1.4 on? (ook ‘he compression rafter flange Just £0 the Loft of dosnt (1) VL be subjected 1, + 550600 ont ane Td tp {poems} ence no need to increase! the aimch flange thickness, Condequetiy Whe Yunch dSennatone may be choses ual €0 tho <1 Gat Phyto: ema 6 < 100 to) (2 Section (335) etempng be terest constant sen 55161 (od 2S tie ge 245 tone ) empte ibe Modced atressen and compare with the sttowble Liatts (oaf6) ook Provided that adepate bracing 12 wAsiseed at Joints (1), (2) and (3) the atabiisty requirements are antiatiod or the design of the bracing elewents refer to equation (3) ensose 8 ont angle 45 x 8S i £ 1 neta cov ead 1 | Pestepenryy empendnnapirnieneci | ae (6) computed ne £61.04 | Neglect the Increase of the M95 1 09 om |) tapered hunch flange ave te the fat | snetination:Bouserns sts fo We = te Fy con 2.1" + 19.4 x ain 15" «72.8 cos (17 + 5.8) Shearing force reststed by the haunch web = 546 coarren se TEE BI con 5.07 = 112.69 con 8.84 Fy coe 42.2" Hance the iagonal stiffener te to be imnstoned for (2) Teanmeeraie Stuffers (A) and (8): Fax cay “M/A tan By = 172.0 7 (106-2.6) 1 tan 1 Fax ay SOMA) tan By = 00.7 7 (108-2,6) | tan a5 Choose far stiffeners (A) and (B) (14.0 0.9) ome(1), conservative approach 4s to consider the tapered flange Inctination py = “21.5 ences, (hotmeh Flange) # lB 3.91 Ven? < 1.4 Vea? ow Wy = 525 tm (RELL Mo. 50) = 4590 ome BSE MO, 28 as va? 1a Vem? Co) a, 72 ences fy Caunch flange) = foe (o) Section ( 2 )_vetoneing tothe rafter and th 350 courren si “yh HO coe gh ye BRAM acne ese x [ame 13} ‘yg = 506 (4 ~ como.7) 208 © 191.8 2 192 (a) Sections Corresponding to (ay/3) ail (2 64/3) Belonging 51x 100 8 50.66 yap trea? (0.8) ey ho 06 on AES 338 t= NO 88 eg Ven? 1.4 Vee! (2) Sections Corresponding 0 (4/9) ad @ 64/3)$82 Fi hhaant bieeiaaed (lg to Baydh= soot mE eet . = Thay + 57.95 tone "gy = Bide + 9 E10 2S one re? Cod esting Force = Gl 5a by # (O06 1.4) 2151 tone 2: Suabtity Regtceents 284 tone > 57.95 tone (aated ave tenn 1 = 2 © SE y 3 = 28 oo se12 255 o8.5 ¢ 100 (ok) + cars Roy cor aes M929. 2H 9 = 9.0 < 100 (o.kd doply in egeation (£) of section 5-22.6.2 2 2 | Be p20 Sw 2.024 61.33 (ook ; Wy, ress" =O.bi cunrrins 53 Tap qpy $08 4074 Fay tn 21° yy coe 27." #0 at (0) ca a Fay ps 7 24 Some gg = plete 149 ome tate ty + 0 ome day = Sef = 20.9 tg BBG 100 ke yy thew baaltgy © HE 219 646.2 (0.89 for Soon wating 1) Tranmennge Stittaners (A) and (0) Fa we 6.25 tan 21.8 Fae (gy 7 09-22 tan By = 65.22 tan 21 Cone for ahiffenere (A) and (e) $4.0 x 0,9 em | | | 554 curren Bgl Fo tend Como orto ‘tee haunh WLLL be @ part of 9 5.1.5.8 36 wt loutsom) netane legualn to (96 + 2 x 1.95) = 22.10 om ig = S6fcon 6 = 26,79 ome556 cure she aemorier Beis, | seo ad Nag = SP +55 | casi eaee 2B l sternal fore on each bait « 2755 » 6.20 tons. 2100 tO 2 2 7 fy 0 Samaras 7 0 als 0.8 Went aquired Protenaton + £08 = 9.6 tons, oo = 0.653 585 « 0.508 vent ise 1.8.8. Myy (8-8), uhere T= 15.42 x 0.7 = 10.8 Lone - i ay 7 re aes es OS en, (1) otto: | = [iosan® so as? = 0.90 vex? < 0.79 Ve? (ook Soy * [l0.527 63 0.8? 0.58 179 tea? (o.k) for aha TSO toe, ee [ey dO ety] 0 oe Length of horizontal void snes = 14.3 ¢ 2 [O43 8.3) | = n9e] #23. an | 2 pp egy = ATT ome 5 Take 2 = 1,8 ce 2 sab irs “96 Take ww 0.4 oe For the oct calculstion of atresaee, the fillet welds round the Yoon Lower Flange are neglected for ataplictty.cxsrren Be Bi cusrrens 589 ° Example (5.18) wah See 1) (exset)s (55.5) 0.4 xe x ce - 0.97 tie +2 30 x 1.8 (95.25 + 0.9)? = 242060 caf, fo.s0? +3 (0.18) = 0.6 Vea? < 0.79 tem (Safed: = 0.65 Yat < 0.72 tem? (mate ) Height of the taumch (h) EE ge (1) bootge of Wands: _CFinte8 Length of welds around renaion sooit = 82:4 = 7.92 tons =84. ry M20) 40.9) Ty = ASAD OLA IAL2.099 9 30 = H70420 ox = ppfQQy x 41.0 = 0.128 vent, ) 20x BOS a are asad x08 t = tts 0 = C2808 39 arse cise ret (sate) $0.02 x 20 x haa © 6 15.40 4 0.8 C Sate (4) check the Bétact of Frying For wen ee.sot curr wade sere : 1) toy = $25 = 0.9 one I writers | 7" Gert. 2 coon a, ae 7 roa (1) 8 (2), take typ © 0.9 ome —— (6 chmok Bending of Tenon Cote Flange: ty0 PERE sar coer tem, Min, Uncknese roglred to golem flange: op "9:8 cm * tye os fxtone cetent! Sc Te tye = 0-4 [Box Bw 0.98 = 2.96 one, (One 22S 6 ty) 6 248/08 28 Le 26+ 253.8 + 22.505.2) + 36.90 ent. Applied area = Area of beam flange ‘opted area > Restoting area az chosen before (14.3 ¥ 0.9) (7) stabsnsty Check of the Corner Wad:©) susctepee (ed 56 corre si Lr —C—Cats (2.0) basign of the tnd Plates ty lan > Gt 568 cuarren: © i Neglect the effect of M (eamprossion). 22+ 0.4%, sraup (2) 4.99 tone (Sate) (0 ome fet ot pig oer: gf _ oy = -ve no prying offoctSse Get t= 2.06 omy Lat At = 2.2 om conecting Splice Plate vith Colum: ao Hy a rr—~—s—SSS 1 = 20.6 - ar2.00) 5 22.4 one Bat UL = 22.0 ome gang "2 204 30 + 404d Got op «BT soo ew uO S> Crippling , shear resiatance of corner web, as previous examples s74 corre sie iat ea ibe lila Gren Cram cates shun In the 1 Design of the Top The Miates(©) 20 Tension force = 524005 sing 4 rows of bolts exch [ea eels swore, $444 07 bent = 6 tone Te soeelfe canoe N22 (1 eres comp dooms tat the sharing force @ (14 tom) acta at canter 00 of She 1.8. goep (2). 7 ett = E96 9.8 ton, ‘choses 120 (10.9) P # 4.99 tone > 3.5L Safe.516 cxgrren se > Properts Netae = 2x 22H: ZyCwelde) Wye deeea? . ze teins ow? 0.4 =x oe 2 x w > Check of Bonding fee eee : meee wo Prom (2) 0B) take = 1.2 on | 5 emeck of eriting and sear resietance of comer web a [previous Beates.fea 7 satsas-ay = 26-72 = o.t7s1 vow? fa hcg «180795 = 0.1222 Ve? Seow 1) (2.8) Design of the Eon Plater (2c) Brack Asalyete for (54.90) « 30)/09 0.175100.1285 5 ag , 120. = 60> 7.98 Uamate, o a eat CLS NI yy PES 32 acs t(2) besten of 1.8.8, one ns cxamplos 5.91 and 5.32, it Sa evident that for587 Desig the rigid’ apex frame connection shown in ie figure below weiss Maunchee, a eplice Re Moe eo Lf ‘The comp force 1s tranmnited fron the Flange to. ant Plate by contact. For conservative olution tet thie || trmanianton te trough the vas Ny any = 20 4 20-140 = 2 2 2.65) = 53.2 oe Nea.6/coae) 8 cure i ae caer 10 TEED (2) osign of Splice Plates: For 113.8, the grose arca of the splice plate ts uttized. Total width of the 4 plates © 90 6 2000 = 14 2226 pe BEE + 0.68 cm whee Tenaon = (9) besign of H.8.B. ‘Wine 4 rows each 2 Bolts it 0 port = £9724 = 6.34 tome 7 ise M16 (20.9) Moore P ay vort 8) %Bonen 07 From the Set eqt iri at shown in 16. 60.4 at ence ear Niwinating 0, from equations (6.14) and (6.37) we et ong om ale abe] ex Substituting te value of (K,) of equation 6.0 into ‘uation (6.18) ané volving for (8) we toe Me fromstegrey ea efor te eaten (6.3) at (6.4) dustyaisof Plane Frans vith Set-igid Cmmections sing lowever since 1978 an extensive progran of research wart was Sratucted by the ateet division of the Faculty of ngtneerng on curren os]. feo). Ga]. fee]. Ea} ane ee) regarding Ua program have been published 1 = Relative rotation between arms (1-2) and (2-3) 26 v +ve sions oe . v (4) tdeattzation of Sent- (0) Sten Convention igh Connections 2, Regarding (U.¥) the conamction i summed to be riety Lee (WV) iat to We Left of ode "2" are the sane as there st to the rightMB cunts soy 4 Te (W-8) curve of the seul~igld conection tx sonimed to be Hear (Le. =. 8) 5 The lelaity ratio "Rt « conmction 1s computed ty ‘ivting the ctual end momint by the ized end nome oo fcrtion governing the static bending of @ utters stnncn he general solution tes OO ea ee re cnee oo curren Be Wig. 6.32oz conrren be fe 0, SE oe, tag 20, Yar =o) ee a =#ié£éi—_ —_ an] = Pore eae nae 8 [bare] 2S feb [ea tay = 0; P22 Go) wo tty oat ta eo Say eo, ~ Regarding Vz 1.0; the boundary conditions ere: | “ fas Deas 3E ay ool = Regarding 02 = 1.0; the Sountary conditions areky t Me stiftnees nflunce onefictent ubich is etined ac; the force corresponding ta coordinate 5,00 + the cont derivative oF the stare tinction for 8 eu clownt whoa on are sea-righ Ba, (6.22 60+ te mo errr of 8 we tin fr 0 vue fees ors ore ox are coni-rigid connections taking the axfal deformlione sate consideration will take the folloving form Vere the constants By yy. ou coartan i 2 taos caren Lo] tron eye (6.27) a (e201 f-f Isl fh bl on “tat fa od vere [ol soe] eyoin of norton. B-HeBcnsrns 6.8.6, Asgonbly of the Overall Stittoeas and Lend Mate Mey 2B Oly, ry 19 = By (2rd Mea 20 Oy Car, #19 Ry Crd)Si cusrrens al 8 “fatal ga] om 4 which [fy] #9 Lonear singtar and the proien can becusrrens ou 08, taps of ents nh Beceem In ming = sie om Tr pronbit ait flnk dapiscoments al find the at tr faa cod ctions at the too ott of each ot the ewes of thn structure (cone a). For cach mnber A caze (a. 2. Apply the eyotem of and Actions with reversed signe at tne Joints of trvctare to get cae (0) fae ara, tn st he eat te 4, Formulate the Loud vector (from the remultant of ail external force at the different folate in case Cb) ‘The sun vector af {R corresponding te any of the inte will Be the resultant of all end reactions of AL emer comected at that Joint with reveraed sign, 101 edeneats of IR) are referred We Ue global Ateplacment vector (e) referred to the global aysten 7. or any winter cummecting the te jolts Sank Oo (6) ENT = Fed 6.8.9, structure of te Comput oa2 caneren Oe ©. calculate the vector of end-forces of cach aanber ccoresponding 12 ease (2); a oy bad GF Wy = wg hy (h,ont (Ply, should be referred to the aa ayston of READ RAL DATR REOUT GEOMETRICAL AND TLOADING CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE FRAME) ‘PROPERTIES OF CROSS SECTIONS, TYPES OF JOINTS AND RIGIDITY RATIOS. FOREACH MEMBER CALCULATE THE GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX USING R=10 ASSEANELE OVERALL STIFFNESS MATRIX AND LOAD VECTOR “APPLY THE BOUNDARY CONDITONS SOLVE THE MATRIX EQUATION TO GET THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE JOINTS ¥LOAD VECTOR BBPLY THE BOUNDARY CONDITONS (ASSEMBLE OVERALL STIFFNESS MATRIX AND ‘BOLVE THE MATRIX EQUATION TO GET THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE JOINTS + FOR EACH ELEMENT CALCULATE THE FINAL [AND DISPLACEMENT AT EVERY JOINT. [CALCULATE THE STRESS DUE TO BENONG MOMENT AND NORMAL FORCE FOR EACH MEMBER \ WRITE THE STRESS \, ‘the computer progr Je written Sn romqnAtt aint Var adapted [ENO FORCES AT BOTH ENDS (NF..SF.,6.1)| os canrrenctibe Ying the suitabie! gent-rigid conmaction at (A) and (0) (6) Toe co moment govern the dese 2. pmatyste a= Sant Rigid connections (Ent Honents Govern):Bcuserens as ne 1 oe ta. aor) atm Ee. (6.8) dotermine the connection stitinece Ty: x, 00 3 2080 atte 169 6 10? Lewes The (4-09 curve ba We 1691076 (ea. 6.19 wo samp — 2 2100.8 9050 9 6 on (rg. 6.4) [eaeraag ow 2: Amiyne a a Sen id Gmston 4 gpa en) Using equation (4) of a tion 6.5 case (et get (R as canrrens he 100 B08 on g x 10% Lewd (64 6.8) (ea. 6.1) ‘the corresponding end slope @ of the seal-ripid connectionBB cusrrene on ‘ample (6.2), Teoten the corremponding welded seai-rssld connection of Using for the top plate steel 37 we get PET 2.200 one, take t= 2.3 one pootring 40 8g. 6.38 get sut.0? | x 2.3 «2100 one x 2? = 205.3 ont (onceesive) The required length red inyeacticable. The alternative ia te use ish as. sing steel 52 for the tep plate CC require tengtn (L) 16 2a Went), the 22.8 ot (= 15 ome, b= 1.5 om oe B15 2 20 0.006 w 2? 1 special steel alloys are utilized for the top plate (F = 6-4 Ven), hence the Length (L) Se reduced ax folLousBi cuservne 62 os catia #2 22 AB = aes =O oe = 22.24 oe (Lake by = 22.966 2 0 1.0 0 27 ome) ‘lange by ett weld en show in (0) Me compreaaton Dean flange iz attached to a 1o¥er seat anele by 9 Lines of weld Ce = 1.6.cn = beam flange E weld tengthe = ‘the required angle aize (a) 2: ‘the seat angle is to be anatyzed as has been previously outlined in section (4.9), while the f4116t weld Lines attaching the seat angie leg to the coluan flange will be subjected to: 630 curren oie serait hoo te aE to tea (> oe R= BEES 2 9.6 tone choot 4 seat angle 200200420 with Fillet welds = 20 ane Tea 2 fp2 loa? a0aF «ost va!Bi cunrrins ol Co) Gay of tiem fom td opm = BT Using for the top plate steel 52 46 get ad $02 2 ay.a0 ca (025 ome, Lo 1.3 = 201.2 one (exceosive) ence AF an attoy of high strength ts utilized for the top Plate we get 0.76.36 oP = 12 ome = 0.6 al 0.6 x 2100 5 0.0001 x 22" 74 5 2X06 £2100 5 0.0001 5 OP 4.9 cay (take 75 ome) late Flange a8 case (a). Simltar to case (a) devien the oaat angle. ox counrren ihe Example (6.2); The figure below mows a part of s frame structiral system. Connections (A and (BD are rigid comections, The ba etanent 16 se required te choose « seat-rigid connection at (A) and (8) to rand the Dea etonent safe, ye a en aren ances May 1 eg = REP = 2.76 oo artNets 5 =r a? ares 20 Mg = 1280 tom (Bx, 6.1) MERITS TET * Me 7 O77 x 280Fcuserens 633 iene, the oot soak gover the doen ok poptring tn £5. (6.19) a. 6.19) em sax bo EK,» 10704 Applying im equation 6.12 go 0 = 127 x10? 6.00777 The sone remutt can be obtained graphically as follows: MeK OD ce. 632) — 4, 619) Elininating (0) we get oa uneven 6h Ee Mo Grarriy % mesces He Bz x 10 Meme eh em ao oboe eeased A 8 tie 1Beer was — We te required to choose the appropriate ristatty rate yen Aor fe wend be 1070 2a noye 2A EE o 10.2 tie 1920 bow an EE = BBP as.9 a K, #209 = 69.06 ca Ek, = 2 x 69.06 = 130.12 on? 6, corner lhe TER, = SAID = 0107S spplring $0 BQ. 6.18 60 = a clocrars * 1200 0g ecm ras * 0006S radians (24. 6.472 6a 960 «74.1 x10? (0, = 0.0015) (ta. 6.82)Hours 6 | Trample (65) in (1) shen eed to mupport 2 load of 2.25 Un! on 8 8.0 oe 1 Design: t= 20-22 1.6 = 16.8 om. Minoos by = 12222 5188 2 46.41 ones take Ly © 17 om. Sheae trees tn web plate = g,2y = 0.75 tia? «0.64 Co.) ‘hotness of vertical welde = se agyy = 0-515 em 638, Force per bolt = 3 = 3 tone choose 2 bolts H (20.9) T | EEE currence arin (8) ALL the connection rotation LL remlt from the (e) the betwvior 12 belonging to thecrsrrens a9 5 cme (ansunad) we 2252 (9? x 00 2 x 2100 x so Wee tam - 1.2 2 308 6 » Solving (e) and (b) ve gots he midnetght of the bean, hence us ets we BEI cierto te) ence solving (B) and Ce) we gots ne BELT so 073 60 cosersns Dy Seay rate wrt yoy 8 pe mt 2. Te 4a interesting to note that. Af the free length of Solving (0) adC8) ue et N= srs Coes 3. A eimtlar tested ‘specimen ha shoun that the etasatty simeubat Sore rigid than the tested Joint.BH cunrrins os lice cont ie mat 8 ime Tmction with reepect Ye We section capacity percentage henonenen regerding the splice’ structural companente General thie situation can be achieved eaaily, otherwise spoctal roquirewents are to be provited tn ender to continuity. ist the 7.9, dpatyais ood Strength Reguirenyate: 3.4. Trae Shroeturn) Hester: ‘he design of & eplice of an astally loaded true vember ts f straight forward matter. The only question that aris (a) mae fu spice connection Le to be designed so that 1¢ develops the actual stress, Dut not leas than SO percent of the WW) The FULL splice conmsction stall be designed for tne Aesigned for tot town than 75 percent of the etrepsth of the eater. (e) Pu aplice connections shall have a strength nat tes hon that of the member, bated om the aLlowble unit atreae 18 ous corre rom thows #ifferent opinions, the third one ia ut#ltzed, once for the design of 2 full 8 proceed ae fol (1) compute the ‘required fasteners using the maxon ctrength for tenaton ae Well se for conpression axially Leaded ihr using the atlousble stress (Fy and F) tne tntuced stresses In each splice plate do not exored the ilowple stresses as prebertbed Wy he EP. 20%, ie apltee denten Coroe mint correspond to SO percent of the Freaber tnength. The zero menbare may be visualized a= a tens 7.3.2, colin spices a gtices ne oplsces im axiay longed compression WIT Tee lnvotach element to the othr by rest canta (Le direct Dearing) where the column aections could be rested ae om top of each other- Unfortonately thie attuation (8) The bearing surfaces of the aijacent sections, mat be carefully machined. Tnie MII never be perfectfcuArrER 7 645 ‘The required rasteners ss well as the spt: oes slice pater sinnetng strata correspon to the maim atrenih ot te nee sscording te the retriptions of te Ee, 200 as state Ty Claones 8.7 and 9.2.24 af % = The aLowabte teneite atee (0.50 F) Yq = The rective net crass sectional area of the Maclry * The muadnon strength of the web and the flanges ag a Meo Mame * ee 4g? eMac * Men (elawee 2.6.4 - B.6.P, 2001) Ngiteg = Te arose sectional area of he web and, the lange reapectivedy. Meg = THY haciman strength of the web and the flange eter Lo Beaute 7.4. 1.3.3. Beam Spitcee Just ae in truss members (Section 7.3.12. practice varie 1 bin slice sguld be designed. At one oxtrems, one misht dcnign Ue aplicd to resist the atual etleilated womint. ant shear at the point of the splice, even though Uhiz aay be minh leer tan he full capacity of the westion. AL the other cxtrene, the splice might be Gevtqnad to deectop the FulLBB casein 647 (Sie of tenant Fa a 1m the Following paragraphs, the anaiyeis ts tased on the actual shearing Force (Qyaq) At the splice Location meconding to cca be deduced = section ggg) and the = Te maxim bending resistance of the girder ‘Tae moment of Moers of the feb and Uhy flange 648 conrren ih Tl coon Elles To Selon fo stv the sik inthe mtartottaierag he apon plate condo Hf se mat a fg i to he fe Fortin ot mente seven So Ba daition to H, a wonent arising fram Une Jest? eccentricity Ce) = Ma Mane TE Bat * 7 My © Me total wb moment at 6.6. of the bolts sot the C.6 of the group of bolts (ste Zig. 71). Pig. 7.3, show 4 team splice vere Ube splice flange bolts a mubjected to a coneutrie shear according Uo the following wee peeBB croton: 67 je = Th shar iid in te Hangs slic bts P= Force carried ty Flanges due te Oy) Hp. | “y "1 = The mimber of bolts An one aide of the flange splice 4, = Distance between 6.6. of flanges Regarding the ust splice tolte they will be subjected to a concentric shear Q,, due to the applind shearing forse at aplice Aocation ag well at too aur dus to ee dotundwonent Oy) to elven by Bus. 7.3 and Y.4, TAs ca be thawed according {2 te Gale Seay Ea m re MOO Gg] Aet Gi gi aee to be ated Yectoriatty ant checked agsinct the star and bearing resistance Fig. 7.1. team spice 650 curren De Spscity thers) 12 ng danger to obtain any overatner I. the otoe to Examples 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7 7.4. Bago Spices: Refer to Example 7.8 “1S, Different Typee of Beam Splicee: TLS. DubL-weld Splice Connections: ‘Ure lice may be accomplished by a full-penetration groove eld. Sptices ode entirely in the shop are nearly always present any problem, ance full-fehetration welds are a strong a the bare material. Only tome practical considerations are ts"6e” Hevtgs to crmurs an adaquate butt-wele eplice connection "A stsgeerea location of the flange/uch welds 42 to be provided a¢ tLluotrated in Fig. 7.2.0, Tie 4s belpfub for the (2) Cope Noles are to be uettized Lo fachnitate the FlagsBecnsrre oss Yes bated Bula ne ie em «t-pain bt enfin [A portion of the aclal Load ie tranaattted by bearing of the sifacent clue section change in columns size exists ‘muintsine! flush, 4 division plate az well aa a stiffener (shown ty the aitted Lines) are to be utilized, The lover colum te enpeetsive axial leads, Nence the bearing Petuwen the secant fevtwe eectiona will be sufetctent. Only minions munber of ‘corresponding column flange to maintain the alignment of the Movever, Af the colums are subjected to straining actione of Sections 7.3.3 and 7.9.4 Iecatson where a change in colimn size exists, In ain ‘configuration packs are te be vtilize, 656 corte ‘on the other bd AF the change jn colts le In greats Colum splice Gonneet ions: for 104 mowents, change 3 columns column splice contiguratic faze and hgh woneats reopectively: she tehavlor, analysis ant doaten wilt follow eractiy nonce 1¢ sould not cause any architectoral aisficaltin,Bower 657 ‘Deslgs 8 eld bolted splice for waiter (AY tthe marten olicas the number of belts is increased ty 35.2. Ute bette ot ane son-peotensioned grade (4.6),- ¢ = 20 wns ~ angles are ot at yf type 2 tone (come (1) (75 x75 x 8) 25.5 tone (ease (1) (400%I00x10) (2) Spice of tottom Chord Member (A) Uatng Splice Plate: ost coup 7B Bye te vet case 2 . (4+ mam) = 2 015 ~ (240,200.81 © 19.48 ow For 791508 (A 11.5 2) = 8 = 2 ome 2) Splice Plate (1) ~ Te plates = Lranenitted fren the 26ft side te the rHght one via the eplice plate (1), Rance the required tumber of Hom pretenatonet tolte (rade 4.6) = (4 = 20 me 7 Take ote statance 6, SPR Gd eae sn mate ute yo 2 te ‘wo splice’ plates sera epttce ‘me thickness of epltce LOD ty = pe PLZ 0 1.28 on (8) Splice Plate (2) = one plate += ‘he other Da a the deeign force 27.272 = = FETE 11s = 4.99 bette tare 6 boltsBB cusrvens 659 “he Untoeness of wplice (2) Soot 2S ~ 0.8 x 2.2) = 19.48 ritve? (ow 2) splice of Bottom Yonber (A) using Splice Use 2 eplice angles 65 x 65 x 11 (A 213.2 en?) Ue Dolte H 16 for the coniitton a # 63.€ + 8, ee ae eae By $0.8 3.6 x 1.6 4 0.8 = 3.68 tone 1228) 2 BRE G2 1s = 5.9 bolts 5 take ny « 4 ponte Peaa2 ents 21a ta) + 22.48 on? 60 corn ie ae (0) Splice of the Apex Connection: The sper cimection iz ot a full splice comnéction hence the Use Hon-pretenstoned Bolts Grade (4.6) ~ dlaneter 20 maBowens 61 662 cunrre le Oe x36 x2 41+ 5.76 tome (6, 2a Tomple pretenstoned Urge of Glameter 20 maz (Grade 4,6). Tatctness of fuwoot plate 42 8 ans = Angew 837 Ps wut of aplice plate = by = 10 - 2.0 = 8 me ene Gr, sume te Sa. a ok YR 80.8 x36 x2 x 0,8" 4.608 tons eidepg "2-76 volte take 3 boits 6.28 ton (e) Disgonal Homers: The diagonal aeuhery are to be attached to the xeneet by fillet wold tines or bolts depending on tne evten process of are cimpoted according to he correspanding design force as hat beam given sn chapters (1) 8 G2. davernative (1) 1 to the gusset plate being 11 bolts twhveen the to far Dots te ‘ Thon a reduction factor gy = 1 - — = ssa) “ame 845 4.302 10.4 bolts ~ take $4 boats sitennative (2) 2 lant atrvctaral wether Yo the Left one ASA hosume elf of the Largest force 18 tyanoaltted via tue Aronanit equally bale of the largeet force. Papper splice ~ Plover epiioe ‘ee Upper aul coonacian betne composed of ence each plate will transnst in ingle abear a force aqua to 18.2572 = 5.625 ane as oho by Ube nection we + oa conarrn ile 2, Dane .. eae As eas o AED gger Solice Plates (Soot fon Rye 08 x96 40.84 224008 tone (220 iy = ter of bolts attaching cach portion of spbice Force traneaitied airectty from mbar (2) te the gute inte = $3 = 22.50 tone fay = nomber of bolts attached to gusset plate Comber 1)BBeusrrens 66s no ee eat Force tranenitted directly from meaber (2) te gussct plate ‘ny * naber of boite, attached to gusset plate (aomer 2) PSs 27 wa belts Intchneos of Splice Pla Agee = [6 a + 0.20] = Oe = 22d = 3.8 eon? Aggy = SEES EF gptte® plate B= 40 ewan Ut Malt of the largest rorodia tranenitted Cough unter & ptane oF single shear ng = number of bolts attached to gusset plate (He) = $2 = 4.08 = timber of Bolts attached to gusset plate (hen.2) is aa ewig slice 22:50 yy = Ata Ven? 2 1.4 (0.40. For all cases the edge distance Midermative (9) = Tf the edge distance (ej) te taken (94) the coetticlent retarding Ube bearing strength of the bolt wilt bosBenserens i % 667 w Ha moy x 4x t= HR SOx ROR ODOM tone ips ra6 ‘ake © pote > 6 belts uneate Number of Botte required for Nomber (1) te of Mexbor (1) = 45 / 6.09 = 7.28 belts, ta required for Member (2) = 35 / 6.28 5.57 bot (0.5) no redvetion Hee eed ht rape "reo ea7g © 5 ome <2 0K) 4g the Length of f41let weld to comect Mower (1) to the quiet plate tx (23.65 + 22) Inge gusset, one of the follouing tualternatives can be Ulilied Weternative (1) 5 Design using the DF. ac eplice 19 not full force ta. transmittedBi cwsrrens es ferce/A splice plates © pa = 27.0 tons, (ie the target 0.7.) 10 ona. (ae anetee) streae in eplice plate = $275, 0 6755 = 1.35 Vea? Aoeme size of fillet weld = = wae at re atibcory 2 «0.00 = 7.45 om (1) = Romaing force trananittnd to the gusset =H RRs rote tone ty itera $24 0.80 = 8.20 one ry = Se BE = 19.09 tone, on cure at reo oe 2 woe Uranattted to giaact plats trough weld Tine: A pot + 2x 0:80 = 5A ome: Cain) ig = 15.00 1 S388 « 10.61 tone lgtrxoe Eon ‘ternatyve (2) 1 t= GILES, = 0.000 on # 0.70 om = pS EEG gg 12 10.002 19.91 om.Meuse, on on corre ihe ee amie 4) DT ERD LODE ' 2 OA = 95.28 cae Combededd. <0 © hesign a field aplicy Sa” the show column using Non pretenatoned bolts Grade (4.6) H 20 wna. Given thats H= 109 t ~ Coluen St. 77 YORE #204 «19.74 ome (omaded) cetatcvely tage 2 be [Sees Somes yw 12.9 ome s 1 = 765 ome 1, = #00 ons. 12 = 22, » 204.40.» 100 ‘oe.sai? 0.65 ton fea? CF, (0K)te tend sa ore srt Mee semi 27, hy = 6.606 © 154 = 18.608 doe, s onze 0a Ayn 154-1202 94 a? Force carried ty Flanges = 105.64 = 23.22 « 92.224 Lome, nyo 02s eat 2 o.14 tne, S0deme Me wection fa moncmpact (Fy © 1.4 Vex? 3 Oey = 22 = 94 2.995 © 19-16 tone fa = HOC Hone = OE aad Cate eq = Actuat shearing force = 19.16 tone Friction type = splices ant the shear by the i apices. esi ben cet ay= 1916 tone F, 7 bit = BE 4.40 tone _ Rye 32 = 9.29 ton JESS my rye [a0 + a9? 5.9 tone, <2 4 sate Caontte shear) ors curren ibe mae x18 anor eaxne R roaxnex292Besser oy Byig = 0.985 6.20 © 6.196 n= MBSE pats = 27.62, ote section ar the sstial moment 15.52.65 tune whlle the derign 15 8 of Clange ares te applied veers 5.49 tote < 6,28 lone (Safe) (hickneas = 8 une) 2, Exact Solution: Uaine H.5.0"s ¥ 20 mn Grade (10.9) 20000 on! (B.F. I. me. 60) fp 2 2 (30 2.2912 + 20 x 2.20 (90 ~ 1.6741 = 1554107 ont 680 cuapren 7) lange force « FEET. 27.41 tone Yr fle fr a8 = 8 teoH coarrve 7h Bcusrven 1 | ver sputee ‘esae Uiekness of each eplice web plate (12 mms) ‘eigen gen stent a a PDRP eae ar 6 5) 4 4 4 6) 1 2600 ow! : r/ batt = 26 3 1.645 tons. (anear) = [e357 F xo.105? = 37 ven? Fi 7 bore = 1962.58 x 21 <1.1 x 1.40 ten? (Safed Me Sse 2L = 7.94 tone. Ty Oe EO a aeBi cusrrvn a3 Example (7.6) r (73.92 ~ 159.76) 108 = 20.16 2304 ent then eer : ie oss ente some on tem Tinea se liaocas oe «rome hy © (830 8g 7 d.FD5, © (300%S064/12002.4Det.0 = 898 > T500R8 0 = 9.200 « (25 ~ 3) = 99-456 tone. ‘Aa the splice in a full xplice the design te based on the Maer of H.5.8, (10.9) ~ 422 ~ Friction type ~ Fy = 6:635 tom n= :2elbeg 1.45 © 28.29 bolts ~ take 20 bolts = 506 tone, > 225.46 tone 60.K.) rnschness of Splice Plates = t (90 x L424 2041) te oree cere TRIP aes take 222 ow.AF cunerer 685 eM (a9 — 15a) ‘at = oss Sane ine Beg x 1.15 = a7 bette © 90 bolts 2. Seb Spice Ca + ae? + G6? +c? 6 5x 621 po rad = 1.923 tone. Fa.) = PSE = 2.19 tone, ‘Aenave Tiewnese of Splice Plates = 8 nas 636 couren ile pt GE as ta aeate faq, = [o.e0n? + 300,208) Set Yon cna 12 e140 vee (0K) HMthat the frame Lz subjected to the following Load = covering miterial corrugated shects of satenaity 15 kena? = om weight of steel 40 kya? of covered ars = neglect the effect of wind — (0) Design a feld splice in the fonene a eT (0) boats (eee Yn. = ee as ss.07s gare? ass yp £5839 kame? (6.6.F 99) (tana 0.10) ag = SEBRES = 0.32 ton 658 caren lb (@) Design of the Beam Coluan (45) 4 Straining Actions mecree LO mereen aff aa SE Non om leone] ineg. te Choose BF. 1.8. No. (34) G42 10 treed) y= HVE asm z= 1.501) 44 Egutvaleney and Anplisieat Gy" 0.85 (ane of vides way permitted)Beuyerens 9 a GgA Tory ie weft e = 0.8 Coe mt fr the sme curate) gov / Te, = 20x 90 {2.4 307.3 cae < 400 cms 690 cuarren 7 Grade (4.6) ~ 4 20 saxo eax wee Ta tee tse No reensernae? i " ‘Te splice Ly to be designed on the fall matiman manent, the conmervative twcatse the corresponding stressed MILL excead the Newbie stresses (0.50 F,), the design MSIL be on the safe se. ax. Hoant Stronet 26.94 = 99.37) 109 = 2,57 = 107 ont 2 exw x1? 26.94BB cunvvens on AYA = 0.189 An = ten Normal force transattted by flanges = ZIAD, 5 522. 09.26 Inber of ports = 2:28 4 1.15 = 46.24 bolts take 18 bolts Veo 4 rows x4 bolts per rou + 2 bolts Try two rome of 4 botte ot om. orszontal pitch and 39) tn Fi. a St, a Tete 30 nent ue to shear accent Total wonant carrted by web eplice © 290.6 4 19.98 oon curve Be Fg EB 0.208 toe, 0 Oe 6 8) dam? GaP) Fey, = 2.37 tone Fag = Pag 00 ton rat (oomtan = [locas 06-87 « ar + a0? aw H20 = Grae: 5.8) (sek on the Section of the Gotinn AL spitces [= — Tg noe" 36040 ~ Bra. raa.ants.9)? a = 27.241. 90309)? ~ 22.2 19K)? = 2een6. 97 oaMeets 29 50.28 > 0.15 22.90 5100 87 gay Lea 0.102 ¢ PEIN 62 «1.09 (ate) 604 cuarren Inert sa about (xx) of spice plates = 223081, 204(17.6)" dees of Hlanges replaced = 3042.2 #66 on? < 69.6 on? (0.40 yt (aox) of Flanges = 2 30x 2.2 4 05.97? Inertia about (re) of splice plates © 2x(24)%.0 / 12 Inertia of web replaced = (29,6)%1.90 / 12 = 2900.55 entBecrgeroxs 697 crane test snr ant heiong thn te tine fe tne (a) Span, crane camactty, wetght of crab, weight of crane (©) Minioum hook approach closed Lo ral, minim approach fare combined att nance the crane wheel Leeda computed 1 the crane mamafactirer. 8.2, Grape ool Leads (afer to Fis. 8.2%: ()¥ ‘he crane track girdera (crane girders) vertical loads fron the vetght of hook toad fini hook approach az show tn fe. 8, 1008 on ‘he war cide pair of wheels con be computed, adding milf the weight of the crane frame nich te divided equaly: (2) Dymanis Eefect apact + ‘The mavimun static wheel loads according to £.C.P. 2001 stall be increased by the Fettouleg te tnelule the eynantc effect Cinpact) os curren he Fle. 0.2. crane Loode tows iret of these in called the Lateral sock (or the surge) an (4) The Brake Loads The second YorSeeutal load Congitedinal) 18 the braking pocording to the prescriptions of the BCP. 2001 eel toads 1m the vat unlavorshe position and. shall beSB cusrrins «9 |) sonimed acting on ail the affected parte of Ube supporting fp + Tr ce QM KR LX curren ibe onde a8 has teen previously autlined {0 Section 8.2. ence for Light crane capacllies (cay vp Us 20 tone capacity) 5.3.6. A wiltt-aprsection sty te utilized 92 shown in Fig 8.2.6. For Macy cronen a bullt-w-eection with @ mires girder acting az & valbvay 2 ALluutratod in Fig. 8.3.4 provided that Regarding the ratl sections, different typee are shown tn crane girder strength, The xiie of the rails on the crane capacity. A cammaction arrangetent of a rath te eter to Example 8:1 itor ands welded and belted tractots seapectively. ‘he design of he difforent stock structural components in 4 elraignt forvard matter Lf the treneeition of the applied loads tou sn elenent to the other 4= well determines. Fle. ood (surge) Ae tranted lo the beam coluan via # laverst the oscket guetel platen and the corresponding fasteners.Bcuserns a Kea2-s0@ eis @? @ Ws Lateral Shock (Surze)Bousrrens 703 Vatag «factor of wafety OS = TF, hence thw Inde Dyting (8-1) and (8.9) with te conremponding values of eso Pe sees top edge of ‘he applied oad (¥) moot te over excessively touird the edge, the above analyte becones ‘qalitative. Hence the approximite procedure (fethed B) of show suttable op flanger vic prevent the Tacenent of the bracket tipe (i.e, the lateral corresponding effective Regarding the Iateral support get the bracket cannectiona Rogarding the analysis, the welded bracket shoun in Fig: 8.5 can be vinulized az a tnianevier rachel whore. emct Togarding the backling of the gusset plate Equation 6.4 car be owover two different approsimate analysis can be adopted, (a) Approtimte Seam Aoatyete for Stress ° oade (¥) 18 trananitted Uo the colum flange ae tetLous:A cuserens 707 1 toad (0) 10 tz of comon traction te uae vertical stiffeners Just below the crane aieder fitted to the top lanes the inctined cettical tection y- 5,12 computed ascending 40 the ererel stress equation. Referring to Fig, 7 the masa c= Vicon, $V ooao.e sien , 6 V sina(a/20e) coos 4 ae ae GS eae cote + S25 eo « SME prescribed sllouple liaite garding the shear stresses, the vertical sleet plate ‘seckion under the wheel Lead (0) 2 of makiwun shear streadee nthe other hand the gusset plate bickling ss provented A fevtner the etansstty eopdtion of equation 8.4 Az vLilized or a Strip of width (4 aina/4) Jn astuned to act ay colin with pin Fig 87 the yielding er the buckling condit tons whichever t= the ost ge 7 = OS heres we 08 = 2.2 4 1.27 QP 0.25 GF ‘clang Condit son Th i musgerted to wie either fyuation 8.4 or te saute aa etrip ot wath {a oin0/4) acting 89 a compression vember,| Scares 09 ‘Genoral Homarks Regarding the Welded Brackoter aetrates the tree common (Fee of Weld ajor site column Brackets. For type (1) shou tn Fig, 8.8.0 tring Hethed (A) sere the tention farce Sa directly tranoaltted to the column flange via the Bracket top plate The induced stresses are sintlor wing Method (8) {ype (2) hom Se Fig. 8.8.6 $e alatlar to type (2). ‘me bean theory i to he applied along the vertical and. the Fatigue loadiogs a will be given in Section 8.40 high atraneth tolte of the fetction type are generay wed ogarding the analysts tt (8) previously given in Section plate shown in Fig. @.9.8, Tt necessary Lo check the Seduced feccur then ther the bracket eight or the guszet plate 110. rep cures g ue i [esBE corres mM m cameron sie nd plate to bending resiotance, — oper,” beeause of the Intioence of shear lag sear the ddscontinulty at dition, the intced shear stresaes on the eritical sect 5-54 from Une tangent companent of the eccentri¢ Load should WS checked. A shear check an the vertical section adJacent (2 Polat of application of the vertical crane Lend (V) Sa ale regained. Fe eo plate tn extended shown Sa Figs 8.9. sould be Method (HD previously oven tn Section 8.5. The bracket top flange 12 capable to resist the etucol tensile force white the gusset plate wll be capable te eekst the infos compcession force belted tesctet. However Mah strength Dells of the friction ‘pe mr te lilized. Regarding the analysis It steuld be eterable to apply Method (8). The induces aireeces are t0 be 2.7. Vertical Supports for Hoary Crane or rolind sections are to be wlitzed to trataait directly 8 crane oats tothe soll. Take configuration woulé be an sreropeiate arrangement for cranee capacity exceeding 19 taseBcusrrons m3 The wlilized addstsonal crane column e to be either Laced structural ayelen, Fig. 10, Allusteates a crane battoned derigist In accordance to the prescriptions of Gapter 3 (Wolame 1). These tation platen and lacing bare are required to ‘comonitely. The fasteners of the batten plates and lacing tare na caries Bee ‘Conmecliona are cithor High strength Doty of Whe friction type 5.8, Dotalling of Vertical Support Crane Ginter Comoe Ueshy the crane girder are wiaply euperted beam, hence ‘the weet Sanortant aapect of the design t= the aamurance of the precorthad by Uhe E.C.F- 200% limitation st (1/000), Beam end rotation of 0.2 will occur repeatedly. Fig. 8.tt.a, s1iuetrater = crane column wetical support configuration were the end-tearing aUiffeners are positioned [estat the Snduced uplift which corresponds to the end bean MtLized, in addition the bolls mat be petitions’ 32 far 06 ‘sloqate rogured flexibility stittenera ard Urananitting the verlicel crane load te the 8.9, Bony Lateral Support Anteral shock (surge) applied at the crane rail level to the columns of the aain structural systema, The west efficientFig. €.11, belaiting of Vertical Grane Support Connections of the crane Load Bistorymaureen ig. Stl Beets ase Sees oS. gatwe | oD > Sass | « 5 sleeosee for which the stroos range 4s calculited. ‘coup he edd ea = — sre "as eres serait | ee, | aoe 2 re eetemere|y 2 SO ‘i Siac” ‘Sen aonb ole | Bioeng Tears See a fet | Coy Se | SS" gaeeerme, | 0% SS Sores | ey, | Sasa mim ag Fi = Sas = ~~ | es I~ |> = | feces ee ; Beret aa ae 2 = | Sa. | =o fe | | ieee | ie cra BF cusrrens ms 4 conerens ES . Beeee: | on, " eld lt oor eter ocd het tom et ac oe i aie - ri he ceo TE Sam = Ga) a 3) en ag “ G eye wa | | =a eedBcserns ns 76 cusrren sil Tei a im | (eager ae Sora mee OE 5 | ‘ = ‘ Sea nae : wee : : a io == Sana : een frowesa SoS PtP a Daten] Sor Le 2 Wa > 8 Bmw —~ Te | Tito 1m (Em) e 18m > > S-mm . [> 22, Mase metal ot detail le 7 Sin si) | Sale ey ~ =o. ce 7 € EST mm fi Somme « ib or 1am] > tonne 71> iw re] veces | Sy Te] 180-am > R> fom D 2 9120 oF 100-mm (¥>25-mm) ae &Bi cusrrens oS Psion wd ts rR ry it rom oe on ea 4 tt ek am Eee aaa “2 Fa ml tents ent a a fiowtnd fie weed pt 2 Kad aloe ‘el ie nt {Seng simone 73 aww Ht wo ‘rm & [een Bae a "Shae ko toe ‘Stearate tthe wie (oho st | igre asi oe ne sabi ue 3 Be ad tno BE tenon cent te) Eee pine wb aectan. eesor fice Ione «= For high strongth bolts (10.9) ant H-)af tht fiction type (6 Gightened to the, connected plates by a dete i ae os dara eae) ot mibjected to. shear fatigue loading the allosible trices restatonce (F,) remng unchanged ae for static Losing, be dotermined using Table 2.6 of chapter (2). : 5.2 High Strength Bolte sobjected stress range for High Strength Bolts ef the friction type anaiy ot exceed the following =~ Mme of cyctea | Atloule Strovs Range F ae 29,000 << 00,000 ae 3 (6) Deternive the streee range the comection category tive —— class) using Table (4.2) oF the ‘my be determined through standart elastic. anaiyeie of te SST SEE Ny ree ten tro stra ees 730. for tanber of Constant Stress Cyetea conven ie (oye, ue cycter | eter | exctee | cxciee e fan foe | oa | ov Enapple 9.1 (Deetgn of erane gieder) 8.2 (Minor cole Axtx-Helded Bracket), Example 9.3 (Minor colin Hxi=-Rolted Bracket). Paanple 6.4 (Major Axe coluan-Helded Bracket) ranple 6.5 (adnr Axis colnn-Rolted Bracket) rample 0.6 (hafor hxis colunn-Helded Sracket) apple 0.7 (aor Ake column Bolted Bracket).Beossrnns 231 Deny of Gane Mack eer Deals rn irc cdr Sat th ft. 1+ cine nen fees # 5.0 2.0 we apart ‘Aowue the om weight of the crane rack ender U2 be 200 kere! e | m2 unre the Strang fetions Lat. tect > 4 36 42.95 + 0.80 = 20.50 tone Ye LL. 6 tmpact GF N60 te wy = 10 at araing Cocce DA, 77) / mamer of caluma, (9 colimas) = 4029097 Te 8 1 = 0.387 tone, (2) besten 26 Bolted Section (it Alternativ rate Me 2 iB a 10x an ad Be 21099 aw. ey mrt. GC, Barat ‘A Comactneas of section regarding LoT:B. := gen Ae = aman / Ga a me > om ene Caters shock) a, = 10+ 194220 te 0 = 0.1 £16 = 1.60 ton. Nyt So Sp 2x 1,06 1185.9 on > 500 ox. The section 1s noncompact regarding f.T.B. ay #058 Fy| dif cusrres a 134 coer s he [Sepa te Fomine ta eng | roenring compact sections. In order to avotd repetition the stecl yy (Case yy (Cate m= BE 20,625 x 100 , 160 x 2 EBs 1.50 Ven! ye 20.50 z = Sy = 049 Va? com ve? 0K) My (Lot + impact) = 16% 1:25 = 20 ate Sx 0.064 x (sooi* Sere aor e280 © O77 i 5 Bgag, = OB = 0.625 om Pr ee aie ie = pepe ne aS‘cuarrers 751 (WeLinioary Design of BLP-T, Seotie we eritieal tress ‘ange te Uist” ‘Section 54-5) [rantet wetde (19 wich aquats 0.41 Von? Thon, tn choosing the ‘BAT. sectiun of the Brackat, the Weld inertia which resiste MA = 924 tocm) tg the mn 1g (1.57 1.600, ce *oyetd shaun tn wre below) BP y [be point (8) watch $e affected by aw. % Zor ost noes 4, "7 Bavtme 65 % Ab lake effect of shear at pt. (8) = MED = 2200.3 ca use Wb-1 98 (2, » 2680 ox) Jom betueen welds snd I-zection 752. 5,) (Clave A Woe mt ee ment ay + 21.0 toe rot ws So = los 90 vl < 0.91 tren® oun coy = arse eiare re Ot ol fgg, [roam + 0.458)" = 0.057 em? +, safe (Clase A)Beurrns 753 "fe ensure mafety of the fillet weld woe weld bie eral TEM dn 906 7 (38 ~ 2.4) = 26 tone by (around flange) = 20 +2 11.92 9267 (59.0% 2.4) = 0.2 vem? ‘Sate (Clase £°) sence nae won 2e20? 2x 0x24) 754 curren ie aa | Th Point a) Seinetp, = 5+ (+? (6) High Strength Bolts (ove Tie .3)-¢ Preliminary Desig OM, >) = poatttacgy = 26-0 tone | |PAU) 9.063 Vea? shan Eo EGE 0 oat < 28 vat | Thong = 267 8 = 3.25 tone 87 0.1 53.25 = 0.225 tone fay 0S / st = 02 Vat 25 va? = BE 0.77 ton. (Ceantaue ~ Tete 4.3) eet Armani (A) IE Wo We Four Bolts Per ow: “Te moat streuted bolt chill be belt "2", due to the mamsntes tie Bette H20 (10.9 | seen A= 0.10 0.62 = 0.862 tone. Cratigue Table 6.3) ole iBevserens 159 «2.5 ven? (ratigue = tabie 8.3) oper two bolts (1 8 2) due to My and enalon corresponding to the right al ul them Se 91 ten? (Clase Cc) tw ov a'2t.0 was re [ oe 158 curren ly (6) Wolds of Stitteners (Faitet etd 2) hedeht of Lines (1) = 98-4 24 = 20.4 one tenath of tines (2) = 5 Laz = 2 Lines (1) ~ class £° (23.3) Fy + 41 Vem? “ayaa (2) cians 9.3) = oes ved16 cares Bawrres = = “ie: Zeew 4. | veEke ¥ are ce eas ~ : 12 tae m2 type (20.9) heck on Shear (te fats (0) see, (8, ~ 8p) Clase (A) ¥ Big et iBB cwsrins 164 162 carrey om | 68S, | sys, | “9 | “ta | Ga] “ai” leneBowsers 163 764 cuserens tie t | | | | | spreoxtnatenetiod (A) previ Point (8) foe ane Point sf,Bouwnes 765 | point (sq 0.15 + 0.444 = 0.508 en? < 0.86 Ven? O.k Q, = 15.5 tone 166 curren s 2 Be mate a ea De ge ie ot or Section (6, ~ 5) whieh (2) Basct Analyate of stresses (a) vietsing: equation (8) of Section 4.11 to get the Z coefticient Bato nan tae 1.27 (1.ae7? - 0.25 (1.10) Meet = pg corte * 222 -rr—e—Oi—CC—COSCN of the upper ant Lower Flanges are cancelled) (2) mickttng Copaition how by the dotted Line. Hence cord = 7+ 0.762 + oto = 785 = 0.68Beunrrons 169 m0 conenen 9s marcnan ee soem as = eae gy etme sg 2 8 Vet Wren e tsa +85 = aes Tt aye ts cae My = 0.997 2 (36 4 23.40) = 28.5 oat rsa on x en 3) pan ree, r © Fedyamson samna l 7 cL cam) ean ‘on2at) « 21.0 exe ven. : 5 A = dors a? + 28? g a 2 = ones . ara 6 a 2b . . a LUrrr—— fay ts ea? Let we * 122350 en! py = 0-27 ten? «0.41 ten 1 = 2a antes aaa Sag) 706 a «0.44 vod? eo (a) 728 Ven? c 0.81 Vea? (7) pants “2°, F ee Hig strength Mp = 0.957 £36 =.12.05 ont ABLE. eefect)18 conrrens so wale ma Stem thictawwr J chosen to entiaty the plate buckling fe re ee ae mn comprising the eneoet fo restat the indeed etratming acttons owover thle assumption isl Tealto a ewer bouod eotstton mes Section (5, ~ 8): Category "8" Hom (2-1) yg 2 16 tre eo.80 + 219,21 + 2.92) + 5327750 Ee we s.2s.ocnanet ac. 93 ate oe, = saeaing 1, « Baars toe a2] = a8 ot Zeno - 22 C119) tangs (0041.0) foe tho calculation of 1 only the Upper lang star Gti) 0.25 ant the 2 angles 5001100410 have Boon taken Inte consideration 1a sax 230 8 (7.66 + 0.5 7 5 514.8 ome Ferpa? «3 fonons sa “me My = 00957 0 94 = 12,198 mt My = 0.357 (26 4 47.68) = 18.18 oat a, = 24 tone e © syeas © 17-64 + 2388 a5 0 0.292 Vent ita BB cxsrrens m m8 uneven eee son , [00,2 2 Fyrane coy * FE [ORY + Coury 59 Ve (om) < Fyp (1.26 Yon?) a ‘The principal streswes for point (C) are less than 1.26 ten” My 90.957 44 = 15.7 Come + 24 on 5 My = O-A57 (36 B7.64) © 19.45 tone foint FONE AT ac TANS «2m Vel? (on) ye REE EE = 0.116 re! 24(0.22612 © 0.42 tea 1.26 (08)| ME cusrrens 781 ‘he bolts are daub sheor bette, Wer H.0."9 of laeter Z2mme (10.9) type = © 7.85 kone 2:5 tea? W.6.8. 10.9) table 8.9 ‘Stratning Actions: My 0.957 9 44 9 15.7 Loon My = 0.957 2 5.5 43 6 26) G * 21.0 tone sermat Streser: 1 BEES 6 0.1006 ea? 78 cures f+ EEE 6 0.00 ven? Fy Ge fo Wi) = IEE OTE a5 10.2 7.55 tone 1, (ave to H,) = 0.009 5 8.5 x 10» 0.285 Tagg, 27.85 #0285 © 7.805 tone ty > IME > 9:15 tone ee t20 where + 18.49 tone se AE 2 8TB! oom ve? 25 ve Oy) ‘mo qaeetacstcey i Teer BERET «eos tm ho eon ry Be 2.75 toot astes? + tos)?Hevsrrns 783 AGED. ‘Tkbs (4) cote 0) Bator 4] We 1.60 6 38 = 28.00 ton + Use High strength porte 16 x 26.09/12, Tertn = BEE a 19.2 3 8.8 © 0.90 ti Tentn ~ aocor pate * 142 * 0-257 ton Fextan * Toxta <8 7 1 254 8.267 6 9 stg7 ton AZ = SIT = 0.142 Ucn? < 2.5 wea? sated 784 corren ibe (5) coup of Salts lass (a) = 37.2 - F,, 0.71 Vent) mma ‘Won (99 Won-pretenstaned HIS 28.54 ven? c ocr vent Ogg) axnaetaCHAPTERS 785 exeple (6.7) sing « bottet en plate conection of the Following types: (a) an extended vad plate (6) Flt ‘cote & conven shape for the gunset plate with dy = 12 cas ody = 10.17 cnn from inclination (0) 1h hw required only (2 deoien the vertical sup ‘the top flange sod the suset plate) bere the other stroctoral elements remin unchanged ts, (a) Extended tod Plate ce (1) fpprozinate Analyste Method (A)-Inelined Saction (5, - §,) configuration both the top " 786 srpcoxints Wethod (A) can be appl tons 50 em ay = tens Se ee a8 IB -csems thicineae (2) of the upper flange cat be = gg hay = 0.91 om take t= 1.08| Bowes ‘hone stventes under the verteal Lead ¥ = 21 ae P > 0.04 ton Unatte tatatied a= Sx ggthagcgg = 138 Vea? > 0.04 c ake € (gusset plate) = 1.9 (2) aset tomtyete Bicklings Yetaing 7 5 00 = 2.2.49) + 4.37 (2.499% 0.28 (119) = 0.352 ware see ores * 257 om | 788 curren sR Ayply wetted (8) for anaiyote amore only the gusaet Ne #16 6 20.57 + 19,87 x 40 = 602.25 tome gen * eel + OOS AS meg = 0091 om? ra” Ware oe Be articer ©0207 Vat cost vat od gerbe + 0-78 Ve? 0.06 eat ‘The buckling ant yielding conditions will Be the sane aeBi cusermns 195 fainted, hich inplice complete contact betusen coltan and tase Plato, there amet be Just mifficient welding ta tranenit column i not willed (Le, incomplete contact), the comecting veld must be thick enough to safely withetand. the compressive vertical sp the horizontal reaspions In the folloving, the simplest conventional hinged base Fig. 9.5. Conventional Hinged Bate Connection plate Urough the indicated shaded aren (0,95 4 X 0.8 8). The an.” EOF oa nite prescribed by the R.C. Code of Practice of 1999 r ar, cp cl Ye we necessary. The overtanged portions of theFig. 9.5: Conventional Hinged Bare Connection. conrten sR (XD). Therefore the setual comeocaive tress eon, * EOF a ch telBcusermes 1 Bedtrection are divided sate unit wtripe. The problon tecumce @ fone dincnstonat cantileiet Din Sibéctod tom niforcy Were we 0.950724 n= B-o.8 2, Ince mete Hy tt pa eu tn Doth eto, te terial for solid rectangular gections equals (0.72 F,) as given by clause 2.6.5.2. BA€.P 2001 (0) besten of dnchor Botte 198 cusrrens wom footings by anchor bolts. The dtamater (€) cam be compuled 2ae a ‘of teal 2001 (clause 6.44.0. lranonitted partially or totally to the foundation ty the according to the folLoving alte must have tufficient enbeded Jongth L inside the concrete footing in order to tranamit the uplift force safely to thecuore» 799 (me tt ony 9.9.1.3. Regulte of Finite Et 1 1991 a research york (25) wae conducted tnt Divislon of the structural Engineering Department nanely “trees smaiysis of ace conmectiond”. A three digenstonal finite ‘slevents program was prepared and utilized. At} steel structural leoents campeising the base conection aa well reinforced concrete footing were included in the mathenstica! sede. Te three conventional hinged base connecting (A) , so (sw Fs 9.2 08 wet ae the emote ype Hinged 800 Shining Actions At Colas End NaH (Concrete Footing cuarrers Fig. 99Vertical Face ot courten sie js (outstanding) (Florizonta Face race of of Flange eld ‘WellsFig. 9.12 Gymteted Base Connection (tinged Ty).Becuserens 807 808 cunrren sie ible 9:4, Govfficients «, 6, nd for Amlysle Rectangular P13 6 a There My, and hy, are the Unlaced manent por Use Length bout — ———— the directions a! and WY reepectively [rinses sports soporte = Lng side of plate | Few See ‘on Taro Shea a matte of | cnttictnt | | tle ot | cactctent eyo ey 7 eetticmte speting on the plats eet cane eee ee eens a tle G07 8), and are ae given in Table 9.1 | 0 | oo | 0.08 5 0.000 + = ! a1 | 0.05 | 000 + ! xs | oom | oso a a7 | 0.01 | 0.008 0.06 ert sate Moving assumptions are tg be Considered veld Lines (1) and (2), a8 shown telow. This mpane that the cnisting contact hae been meglectet (2) Te manent (8) and Abe gorml force (WH) are shared by welds (1 and (2) according Lo their corresponding areneBensrrens 885 bros of vertioal faces of Wild (1) 54x Ax force resisted by welde (1) 36. » ieee RRS iat * tr eaagrenaive force =P - 25-7 tone Hence F(uetd (30) « gto x 1.49 = t0.94 F (weld (2)) = 35.7 ~ 18.94 © 16.76 tone nck of Stresses: wee (0) 2 gh = 0.676 es? Gok) woud (2) q = IIE 0.616 tes ond (2) Me straining at ry to the base plate by the welde (2) and (3) stow the figure below (2) The horizontal shear i Uranenttted by welds (4). spe kO on es =0Re Ns 2.3) , strixmexne Lines 2) and OP take © = 0.4 em (ainimcorer Be ‘Design 2 reed bane conection of the conventiona! type Pees eee or ee .8) and @ horizontal force (Ht = 5 t). Dlate thickness, the bane plete 1s. few nition the support conditions are varying | — eases | ee ee ior eee | il repiong At haz beet aosimed that the edges are conpletely fixed. ny = Tm this region, the base plate facta ae cantilever: with bpm este on Comets epmle to 5.0 ow Fe arta 45% a z e081 ed ele mma 4 = . ee |) ois be tpe Lok ann IL 2 au CT smecnsmt, Ss : Hea aie eS qe £, =~ At keven® < 60 ke/on* Sate = 0.3 ton, 3 = 6.7 ka/en? 7 ke/en?™Bicusrens 889 Tsien (2)° (Supported on Four Sk ‘he wainan throne on UE ete eee ye 1 Hyer 0.088 x (252? x g.048 = Region (III): (Supported of Tiree Sidee) ‘he maxima compressive stress Sag = AL Maven? = 0,081 b/c afm. bem, ae 10cm f= Reoncos n= 2048 x C10) = 20 EO) 2.05 tow 590 corre se Fram (5 (2) and @D ‘me tage plate thicanees 131 be 2,7 ema 1) racket Notgnts Stee By coat 14 tone (Rectangle ) 4} co.oet ~ o.e34ye10524 “735 ton Trtangle see. (6,-8,) eer TP he 18.06 cm take 8 = 12 one891 curva the Take She Detaht of bracket (eid G2 at (2) roti face == teanntted te tan rete by Ste ste tare the resctning porte tively tranmtieg to te tee pate OY filet wee 2. mama) May ema) Mey wares Meay = Fea) * Sart May = Fay * Mar tay Fey = 2% wet May * Fay = EEG, welds (1) and (2) ore oa poeta ona str Oxo tg (ann) 2192 2 20 6 are + ond + 19277) 892 SEER DS e090 et mente pity #S er ctor each tones)My = SRD ES 2 IS go tony =} (27 = 99.582) x as w ts Tong EE iGicurms 9 20a eo a oon SS fbn bane. connnotion chown tn fhgwre, ATMO xs a es = 190 a? W198 6210) = 390 a! fo = Bye SE ME 28 o o.c ve? c0.7 ue? (ound U7 Pew Tew TTS O02 Vea? Cooplecet) tee on one. f— ! poms Ging “19 oordere tet ae! on d= 10 oe. aé, o wil M-a) gu GUM! aay mrs ae ontspiying by =a (1 = 172 1) ve wet cemcrvay «} ama venay be Conte nen | ae 31 8 eB) baw: BL EE tonan® RM gt ose 2 so Prete fier) 2 BAN 29 ceare9e) 2 EB copan® 2 {tewarer pam eal-2. [oa] 0 | From Bruation (2) From Byation (0) fe PEIRCE 10 6 a pre? Repeat the previous stops yring the new value of T, CandBBessrns 0s c= tx ES eas oR et 56.36 nase? Sate ro] et 4 pelea | te eequired safe thickones 2 i the bane plate take pans 16 + (6.16 - sr. 2srethooste ts jaetearre aa = Mom ‘The toot on the Botts t= supported by the top fangs of the channel Ms. 40. reinforced by four stiffener plat etureh fe channel flange. Each Bf the tite Interior plate uiports «fall Balt Yond, J Nexarconer F548 * 6987 of 906 cogrren se i vertical we foree(F,) combine Uo oni the 9.67 tone beting Sig) 7 Pasa sb aces © OT ew A fron aie .2) wets trom tamed wb = garg tit grag = 1680 oe fe 6) 6x9 .6x636.4)? + (36.4)? 9ug166.2 ~ 1-40)x18.20 ig ht «oa va (6.2 ~ 1-40)019-6 - 2.657) 6 6 947 vrayBourne 907 qe fowr roan waren ver oo —yrntethig — = 0.152 one ‘take w= dame (ntmin elze of wt) ements the Farce F carrying thy shear ant 29 we get 2.67 26.20 1.80) at tone 2g 8 Tear Bl = 0.165 tren? < 0 72 t/on (Sate) Sig rreiiee Welding Between Channel and Cstuae Fang: Seesange of cotven) y sfeew = 0.r1s 0.12 Ve? (sated 908, counrren oie ren aghiteg + 0.0 < 0.72 Urea? tsate) she enear (9.67 3) wl be restated by vertical welds ‘act 3x 9.61 = 0,91 Wea? (Uineate) 1 cam be noted that we can consider only the bortzcntat nee of veld (ue. ao vertical weld Lines beticen channel and ‘olemn flange). Tm sch a case” Ry sts = gg hhttyg = 0.518 tren? fag = [ORFS HOT? 6 098 Ve ca x0. val Section (2-2)¢ (gy 7 Sie 058 ogg, = foam aoa + 0.78 ven? com ets vetBosses ow suo cuarrers' Eeseple (9.320: Serres eae ; SES RTE Te nla TOI) ant tal where tne avin - ‘= Te wate Imdeht 9¢ cots secon, by tts on the > = wletn of cotuin thangs aa SE Eo trachea tear he desen by ae campressten force Lies on the stictoners Cael foes 7 q oie sean that the vertseal wenezednery 4 mittenees are sented to 255 ot vpport the entice renultant the contact etuean the ease oe plate in neglects, ese two assumptions wilt render the structural aysten Bessezeies 2x2 = 96 oe etsticalty deteralaste. The nmely 48ttor (F and © or U8 sof) ant tuo equations of 1 bette fuilitrium (DM @ and Sy = 0, FE ot ae. 2 06 29806 258 oe Crareaee eran} a “Poy cond sactption ie meatal ieginary. In fat, Ube he fangs of he boan-cotuoy will tranentt Uhe greatest ammunt of conciderably simplify the. analysis song be? a —— aryTo prevent aking of stiffeners on canerens De Te late 7 er 7 “Ih. “E west va? ca sen ow so) dy 196 ten 2 [lowes eae «0. ven? oon 0.54/(0.72x1.1) = 0.68 caecuarrsns BeBE cuarns ons a16 curren ie Shand {20101 9 10 x 6 18 ae #168 to Sewaring "TEE TS © 0 em wy tonne SBE sare (eck of Stresoee regarding the welds attaching the bolt to the = thy < 0.5 vee? (ont ea)" Sallie ee tates = 285 1.0 5 1.96 on es tee focce by tank. ‘They eatider that Une portion of the bolt op the corresponding bearing "1587SBcunrrens o Example (6.1915 = 22 wt ant 8 vorm force = 18.0 tone recedure previously outlined in Section 9.6.2.4, Theat staumptions are (a) oot the Lannion force Snduend in the bess-celunn flange heres Ho MeLabt oF Deagrcolann creas aeetSen (%) Ascome the induced tension force inthe Malte (2 Get a pre-dinanttoning of the Welle and the stiffeners (4) The compression. remiltant force Se snsunad Ue be (2) cempute the center oF gravity of the emt af the (2) mate omnter of eravtty 18 arte (a) Proceed for the anlysin of the different steel eo th tye atte se ot Lo dle som lo IieBB cuserens arg c ve but allowed for pre-dinenatoning. aitay [i200 - sme$0.00, fg leo 920 Toe Tonckig alte 2 3 we (et. aa (2) suffers: C2 217 + 8 cogrren she ay = B38 9.20 tom see. (4): “Fe 0.60 x carina (sate) we |Burren ou | on curren ie | | fe 215-90 waren? nat fis» Go ass -s5.0 nen gaa] be SO Maren? «60 aon?Bourrans 923 cusrren he ign the fhted tase comaction of Exam 9.13 acriming eom-coluan flange ile the Pomining 20% ie traneitted via ‘he correrponding stffonere tension farce 12 eunported by the bolls in the rough the athtteners tile ‘ox tmrough the flange fon = «8 075] Amel the same valves a theprevious Emmple (9.13) Proceed a8 Exon 19.17. e faa = Bg = 1.0 Von? «240 brn? sare (0) vertu @= 90 Ti a a2 os fgg, = 0. an ato.a2)7 PansBcusrrans nas £0.72 Vem oe (a op ater ik Ee Bele = if +105] = 25.50 tonei cuserons ay (2) Tie asamplion of fy 9 that only the verti tieteners tratanit the total resultant ‘compressive force ts fRimoon [ow forme] a, [mene] brow lt cmafole me] Cee [earen| ene] ome om! fm 9.19) | oe [| ze [aslze| »| @ 4b). The-swaumption of Ex. 9.16 that 70% of the resultant, an 30g by the vertioal stiffeners, asone' te be the aleplest for Bt, 9.13 where the assumptions hore based on the finite clement method ‘lange and that the resaining 20% by 930 canrren Example (9.16) inenafoning of Comestion Tponte © BAIS % 79.48 = 59.60 tone soe on? (orate 4.6)(4) Top ate ee ta Beate tte, Compression Sopported by otifteners Sn the conpestion vide weltssT on To Ton Ee Teele = 0.20 = 64.30 = 25.30 toneBurren a3 ou cusrrens te 1 EP 5.50 2 95.5 en eample (9.10) oT, (5) concrete Footing: oka xi 12 t,x 3x 16.5027 stn wt te ; = 48.70 befor? < 60 haven? sae De 8A 210.6 5 0.60 co 1 (6) Base Pinte: at — rise 670 a + = 38.00 baron? or? [ees None Cig ats eo? Cora 5.69 (aa70 0.0 « 00? eeeBcuserens 935 1.36 ew? fa] tom J foot," ERE eee ree epee : wom at (esos Lm The eccentricity of the compression force (C) regarding the (0) Yecticat votde: Uw wet size = 0.90 oe Five of (5) concrete Footing: £38.90 neveA cunrrens saris [oes BAER 82 a0.00 = 0.10 nave? au? 2a * tsa ee x On? 3] 938 cuneren ie Properti 28) ne Leconsider that the approsinate weight of glint base reprenents Given the safe bearing pressure oh the grou t= 2.0 ke/om? ‘he pressure unfor the base plate to My natty + 0.0808 en?oan 90 cuserens ibe tment = 295 23m tyra (c) Upper St of Beane: ‘he pressure on the lover set of Beane hy = 599205 ay eglect the effect of concrete acting with the steet Deane Seottan (4-4): ' 2.50% 100 © ser s ca? sar = GE x CHEF ET = 79.41 tone 2° Sera0 Try theee 5.1.0, to, eZ, y= 1760 cx? omens = 225 3} E805 8-72 = 53.60 tone . pat 2 2 99 sree ES rare 7 OS Vem? «0.08 ewCombined streniee are checked at ction (AA) at the edge fgg. = [007 + 0457 © 1.77 em? C110 « 140 Sate ous wera S10. ce toe) rsare coREFERENCES chole Publishing = Mew York 1988 uk Waegintey, " Strvetural Steel Hark Calculations and & ‘iungale $.tarsnath © Structural Aniyais an Design of Ts Segue, ‘Fundamental Structural Steel Desi”, FS ~ Kant tm Steel Franes"canatian Journel of Civil. Eaetneering, Fyre, MJ. apd Moretes, GA, “Anatyais of Flewinity ngineering, 2. 1905. Civil Bngtneertng, 1906 ond, “Behaviour of Steel Frames with Sonisfistd Joints ote Static and Dyaaic Loading”, Se. Teste ~ catteaia Joints under Static and Dynic Leing”. H-S6. Theehe-Caire 22, tan rI-Tobay ‘Analysis of Stee} Fromee with ached Suid connections? 50. Caire University 1998 5. Faro Stress Analysis of steel Bese Connections? . H.S6. ROOD