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Brown/ S SeaPlane Base

27OA HighraY 92 lilest
I{inter Havert f rlorida 33881
USA
phone (863) 956- 2243 / 3lax (853) 956-3242
Visit our urcb site @ uruw'gate'net/^'seaplane

SII{GLE EIYGINE SEA STUI}Y }'IOTES

I. I]\IG ON WATER

il. TRAFFIC PATTERN

ilI. ROUGH WATER OPERATIOh{S

IV. GLASSY WATER OPERATIOhIS

v: DocKII.{G

VI. SAILNG

vII. STUDY Q{ISSTIONS

VIII. FLOATS

,"
I. TAXIII{G OI{ WATER

THER.E ARE TI-{REE TYPES OF WATER. TAXI WE USE WITF{ A FLOAT PLANE:

1" IDLE TAX]

?. PLOW TAX]

3. STEP TAXI

THE CFTECI(LIST WE USE PRIOR TO IDLF" PLOW, STEP TAXI, TAI(E-OFF OR LANDFIG, AhID SAILIhIG
IS THE ACRONYM C.AR. s,

C. EARB I{EAT
A. AREA
R. BUNNER
S. STICK

THE CHAR.ACTERISTICS OF THE THREE WATER TAXI TYPES ARE SUMMARIZED I]t{ THE TABLE
BELOW:

TYPE OF CARB AREA RUDDERS STICK POWER AILERONS

TAXI (wATER)
IDLE OFF CLEAR DOWN FULL AFT MAXIMUM HEADWIND.IIYTO
3600 I 000 WIND
RPM
TAILWIND - AWAY
FROM WIND
PLOW- OFF CLEAR DOWIY FULL AFT FULL POWER HEADWIND
3600 THEN INTO WIND
23OO RPM
TAILWIND
AWAY FROM WIND
STEP OFF CLEAR UP FULL AFT FULL POWER AS REQUIRED TO KEEP
3600 THEN WINGS LEVEL
THEN
AS REQUIRED UPWIND 2IOO,
TO MAINTAIN RPM
CORRECT
STEP DOWNWIND
ATTITUDE 22OO RPM

TURI{S 22OO
RPM
rDLE. TAXI IS GE}IERALLY COhISIDERED TO BE TI.IE BEST FORM OF TAXINC BECAUSE WE HAVE.

I. GCOD VISIBILITY
2" GOOD COOLING
3. NIO SPRAY PROBLEM

WE USE IDLE TAXI WI{EhIEVER POSSIBLE. IT SHOULD BE USED AROLND DOCKS, BOATS, OR
OTHER SEAPLA}.{ES" AhID, IT WILL GIVE THE SMALLEST RADIUS OF TURN.

PLOW TAXI IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE LEAST DESIRABLE FORM OF TAXIING BECAUSE

wE I{AVE: (USE THIS TAXI POSITIOhI ONILY WHEN h{ECESSARY)

I. BAD VISIBILITY
2. tsAD COOLING
3" POTEhITIAL SPRAY PROBLEM

\trIE USE PLOW TAXI TO TURNI FROM UPWND TO DOW}IWTND WHEhI THE WTND IS TOO STR.ONG
TO DO SO I}.I IDLE TAXI, WHEN WE }.IEED GOOD CONITROL IN COhIFNED MANEUVERNG SPACE,
AND FOR TRAI}.]ING PUR.POSES.

PLOW TAXI IS ACCOMPLISHED AS FOLLOWS:

I" PONT AIRCRAFT DIRECTLY IhITO WI}\ID

2. C A.R.S.CHECKLIST
3. TURN AIRCRAFT lOO OFF WI}'ID IN DIRECTION YOU WAhIT TO TURN
4. FULL POWER L,|I'-iTIL TF{E NOSE COMES ALL THE WAY UP, THEN REDUCE POWER TO
AROLND 23OO RPM
5" USE RUDDER N DIRECTION OF TURN, HOLDNG STICK ALL THE WAY BACK
6 WHEhI ESTABLISHED DOW}IWT}.{D, hIEUTRALIZE RUDDERS AhID AILEROhIS
CI-]T POWER

STEP TAXI IS USED TO TRAVEL LONG DISTANCES IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME WHEN THE
W,{VES ARE SUFFICIENTLY CALM TO DO SO WITHOUT BANGNG THE FLOATS TOO MUCH. STEP
TAX] IS CONSIDERED TO BE A BETTER TAXI CONFIGURATION THA}.J PLOW TAXI BECAUSE WE
HAVE:

1. GOOD VISIBILITY
7. GOOD COOLING
3. NO SPRAY PROBLEM

STEP TAXI IS ACCOMPLISHED AS FOLLOWS:

1. PONT AIRCRAFT DIRECTLY UPWND OR DOWNWII.ID

2. C. A. R. S. CHECI(LIST
3. FULL POWER, STICK BACK
4. RELEASE BACK PRESSURE AFTER THE AIRCRAFT'S h]OSE HAS REACI{ED THE
FIIGHEST }'JOSE UP POSITIOhI. DO NOT PUSH FORWARD O}T{ THE STICK TO PUT THE
AIRCRAFT ON T}-IE STEP. IF THE NOSE STARTS MILDLY PORPOSIhIC, BRI].JC TI-{E
STICK BACK A LITTLE
5 WHE}.J ESTABLISHED ON THE STEP AT THE RICHT SPEED A}.ID ATTITUDE, REDUCE
POWER TO THE CORRECT SETTNC AS PER TFIE TABLE Oh] THE PRECEDNC PAGE.
FiOTE:

wi-{EhJ TF{E WI}*JD HAS NCREASED DUE TO BAD WEATHER, SAILINC THE AIRPLANE
TO THE
TO THE OTHER FORMS OF TAXI"
DOWNWIND SIDE OF TFIE LAKE IS A DESIRABLE ALTERNATIVE
IN SOME CASES TF{E AIRCRAFT SHOULD BE TAXIED TO TI{E UPWT}ID SIDE OF THE LAIG, AhID
SECURED WHILE WAITING FOR TFIE WEATHER TO PASS"

PLOW & TAXI TURN

WIND

BROWN 6
 II. TR{f'FIC PATTERN

CHOOSE TI{E LONGEST RLINWAY Ohi THE LA}(E CONSISTENT V/ITH TTTI WI}\ID DIRECTION. O}-]
LAhIDNG FLARE TO TFIE MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE (APPROXIMATELY STEP TAXI ATTITUDE)
wHEN THE BOTTOM OF THE FLOATS ARE 10 FEET ABOVE THE WATER. WE DO}I'T WA}.IT TO BE
NEAR TI.{E WATER IhI A NOSE-LOW ATTITUDE.

TAI(E-OFF IS LII(E GETTIhIG UP ON THE STEP EXCEPT LEAVE FULL POWER ON AhID LIFT OFF AT
THE APPROPRIATE TIME VIA vqles
a4 .448

V e \naise
-l- t {zYYa ih

C - obstyacliohj
U(/ uv; A 14
\tu at[^ <Y (ord;{-io ks

q q d ir^ [ .^
LG IotJ I ak( tr,/ it^

VAVTS PTRPTNDICULAR
TilUIND AND SCALLNPTD
VIND STRTAKS
NUT VAR DS IN VIND DIRTCTII]N
PARALLIL Tt] VIND
[LASSY VATt,R BAND
UPV1ND SIDI [T LAKI
CUT POVTR VHtN THt
LANDIN[ IS ASSURT D
T URN TO CRISSViNI
AND LAND DtAD-SiICK
300 rttT AIL

1700 RPH-
C
oN BAst -/
R
F INAL lr/
ViND 0
B
S
A
S
S
V
i t
N

DIVNVIND
C CARB HIAI 500 rttT A6L
-x
A ARIA E3OO RPH ?OOO RPI'{ ilPPOSITi
INTINDI D TIUCHDIVN PIINT
ilUR

R VATTR RUDDTR
S STICI( HAVI THt C.A.R.S. CHTCKLIST ACCII'{PLISHID BtFORt V['R[
NPP[S IT t ilUR INItNDtD TIUCHDIVN PUINT ON DIVNViND

5
 III. ROUGH TYATER OPERATIOI.{S

TAKT-OFFIS SAME AS I.{ORMAL TAKf,-OFF EXCEPT:

I USE A HIGHER }.IOSE UP ATTITUDE DURINC THE TAKE-OFF RLD{ (ABOUT 50
HrGF{ER).
2. BECOME A:RBORhIE AT MINIMUM AIRSPEED
a
J. ACCELERATE TO CLIMB IN MILD CLIMB

LANDII{G IS SAME AS NORMAL LAIYDING EXCEPT:

1. ADD 14OO RPM AFTER LEVEL OFF
2. LAND AT MINIMUM AIRSPEED, hIOSE HIGH
3. POWER OFF AND STICK FULL AFT ON TOUCI.IDOW}I

ADD 1 4OO RPM

AFTTR LEVEL OFF
CONTINOUS PITCH
I-AN D AT MINIMUM
AIRSPE[D, NOST HIGH

ROUGH
ON TOUCHDOWN,
POwt R - OrF
STICK-FULL AFT

ERowr-t9. DwG
 IV. G I,AS SY WATER OLERATIOI{S

PURPOSE: TO ELIMII{ATE 50% OF THE DRAG DUE TO THE FRICTIOI-{ CAUSED BY FLOAT
COI{TACT WITH THE SMOOTH SURFACE.

TAI(I-OFF IS SAIVIE AS NORNiAL TAI(E.OFF EXCEPT:

l" LIFT RIGHT FLOAT AFTER ADEQUATE SPEED HAS BEEhI REACHED
2. USE NECESSARY OPPOSITE RUDDER TO HOLD F{EADING WHILE OhI ONE FLOAT
3. ROTATE ].{ORMALLY

LAI\IDI}.{G IS SAME AS NORMAL LANTDI}..{G EXCEPT:

CHOOSE A IAST VISUAL REFEKENCE (I \rR)

REDUCE POWER ON DOW}IWThID OPPOSITE TI{E L\{R
APPROACH L\'R POWER-OFF AT THE LOWEST SAFE ALTITUDE
OVER OR BEFORE L\{R CNOT PAST) ESTABLISH THE CORRECT GLASSY WATER
LANDING ATTITUDE
ADD APPROPRTATE POWER SETTING ( APPROXIMATELY 1700 RpM)
DO NOT COhITINUE NOSE-LOW PAST L\'R
HOLD THE ATTITUDE ESTABLISHED LNTIL TOUCHDOW}I
DO }'{OT ATTEMPT TO FLARE VISUALLY
ON TOUCFTDOW}I, STICK BACK AND POWER" OFF

PowER-r1

\Pn
\
ADD HOLD ATTITUDE

q-
1 7OO RPM UNTIL TOUCHDOWN
{

N'- _*
ON TOUCHDOWN, STICK
BACK AND POWTR OTT

t"t
 Y. DOCKTNG

DOCK IhiTO TI# WIND AFTER lv{AKI}iG A TRAFFIC PATTERhi ON TIfi WATER. USE CARB HEAT
*oN" AND (1) MAGIIETO ON FINAL IFIIECESSARY rO SLOW
SEAPLAhIE

STEPS:

1. COME IhI AS SLOW AS POSSIBLE

2. COME IN ON TI{E SIDE TFIAT YOU HAVE A DOOR EIGHT SIDE OF pIpER J-3)
3. LONG STRAIGHT IN APPROACH INTO TI{E WIb{D

DOWI{ WIND - 3 H CHECKLIST

H - IIATCH (OPEN)
H - LIARNESS (TINBUCKLE)
H - HeaosET (REMOVE)

FINAL:
IDLE TAXI BASE:
CARB HEAT IDLE TAXI
(1) MAc

DOVVNI{IND:
WIND IDLE TAXI

vr. RAMPING & BEACHING

IDLE POWER
RAISE RUDDER
SHUTDOWN
WALK OR PADDLE INTO A}.I LINFAMILIAR BEACH
8
VI. SAILIIVG

POWER-OFF S{ILII{G
CHECI(LIST:

c CARB HEAT- COLD

A AREA - CLEAR 3600
B RUDDER - UP
s STICK - AS REQUIRED

DIRECTIOI{AL CONTROL:

STICK IN THE DIRECTION YOU WAbIT TO GO

RUDDER - OPPOSITE TFTE STICK

POWTR-ON SAIL}NG

STICK - LTFT

/ FULL
LEFT RUI

STICK -
RIGHT RUDDER

THERE ARE TIVO POSSIBLE COURSES IN SAILING

FROM POINT A TO D. IN SAILING FROM A-C OR
EI-D, THE PI.,ANE DRIFTS BACKWARD, TAIL TOWARD
THE OBJECTIVE, WITH THE ENGINE IDLING AND
FULL LEFT RUDDER. IN SAILING A-B OR C-D, THE
PLANE.HOLDS POSITION AGAINST THE WIND WITH
POWER AN D FU LL RIGHT RUDDER, NOSE TOWARD
OBJ ECTIVE.
B ROWN 7 9
 $TUDY QUESTIOIYS
t. WHEN ON THE SURFACE OF TFIE WATER, WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO DETERMINE WIND DIRECTION
IN TI{E SEAPLANE?

A. hIARROW BAND OF SLICK WATER NEXT TO THE SHORE LINE

B. WIND STREAKS
C. BIRDS POI}ITING INTO THE WIND
D, LETTNG THE AIRPLANE ruST WEATHER VA}'IE

2. WHEN FLYINC THE FLOAT PLA}IE, WT{AT IS THE BEST NDICATION OF WIND DIRECTION?

A. NARROW BAND OF SLICK WATER NEXT TO THE SHORE LI}IE

B. WIND STREAKS
C. WAVE MOVEMENTS
} D. SHORE LINE REFEREhICE, SUCH AS SMOKE, TREES, ETC...

J. WHY DOES THE FLOAT PLA}IE TURN DOWN WT}.ID N THE PLOW POSITION?

A. TURNTNG THE AIRCRAFT USING THE AIR RUDDER AND WATER RUDDER
B. CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
C. CENTER OF BUOYAhICY SHIFTS FORWARD
D" CENTER OF BUOYANCY SHIFTS AFT ALLOWING THE AIRCRAFT TO REVERSE
WEATHERVANE

4. WHAT METHOD IS USED TO CANCEL OUT SEVERE PORPOISING?

A. CONTROL PRESSURE SLIGHTLY BACK FROM NEUTRAL

B. CONTROL PRESSURE ABRUPTLY FORWAR.D
C. CONTROL PRESSURE FULL AFT, AND POWER OFF
D. TRY AND CATCH THE PORPOISE BY ADJUSTING PITCH AND POWER

). THE METHOD FOR GLASSY WATER LANDINGS?

A. PITCH UP OVER THE LAST VISUAL REFERENCE, THEN POWER TO SET RPM SETTING
B. POWER TO SET RPM, THEN PITCH UP FOR LANDING ATTITUDE OVER LAST VISUAL
REFERENCE
C. LA}'{D PARALLEL TO SHORE LINE, USING SHORE LINE AS LAST VISUAL REFERENCE
D. LAND THE AIRCRAFT THE SAME AS SOFT FIELD TECHNIQUE FOR LAND PLANES USNG THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER AS LAST VISUAL REFERENCE

THE GROSS WEICHT OF THE PIPER J3 CUB IS

rHE usEFUL LoAD rs {45 C#

FUEL CAPACITY IS

T}IE ENDURAhICE OF THE PIPER J3 CUB IS APPROXIMATELY /,{ @FGPH

10
 STUDY QUESTIOIVS (continued)

1. W}IAT CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS HAVE TO BE ON BOARD THE AIRCRAFT BEFORE FLIGHT?

2, WHAT DOCUMENTS MUST BE IN YOU POSSESSION BEFORE OPERATING AS PILOT IN COMMAND?

3, I.IOW LONG IS A SECOND CLASS MEDICAL VALID?

4" }.IAME FIVE WAYS TO DETERMINE WIND DIRECTION:

5. WHY DO BOATS HAVE THE RIGHT OF WAY OVER SEAPLAhIES?

6. WHITE CAPS START TO FORM ON TOPS OF WAVES AT APPROXIMATELY KNOTS OF WI}ID.

WIND STREAKS START TO FORM ON THE WATER SURFACE AT APPROXIMATELY KNOTS
OF WIhID.

7. WHO HAS THE RIGHT OF WAY, THE SEAPLANE TAKING OFF OR THE SEAPLANE LANDING, AND
WHY?

8 WHAT IS THE COLOR OF THE ROTATI}IG BEACON AT A SEAPLANE BASE, AND WHAT SYMBOL iS
USED FOR A SEAPLANE BASE ON A SECTIONAL CHART?

9 WHAT PURPOSE DOES THE STEP SERVE ON THE FLOAT?

IO. WHAT DOES THE MODEL }.IUMBER "l5OO'' REPRESENT ON THE FLOAT?

I I. HOW MUCH OF THE GROSS WEIGHT MUST THE FLOAT SUPPORT?

T2. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE SKEG?

13. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTEzuSTICS OF AN AIRPLAhIE APPROACHING A STALL?

I4 FAR 91 .I 1 5 STATES, IN PART, THAT THE AIRCRAFT ON WATER ..

1t
 $TUDY QUESTIOI{S (contin ued)
I THE FORM OF TAXI THAT SHOULD BE USED WHEh{EVER POSSIBLE? wHY?

2. WHY DO WE IJSE THE PLOW TAXI POSITION ONLY WHEN NECESSARY?

TAXI IS USED IN WINDY CONDITIONS. WHY?

4 DURING A STEP TURN, WHEN IS THE SEAPLANE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO CAPSIZIhIG?

WHY?

5 THE CHECKLIST WE USE BEFORE TAKE-OFF IS

6 WHY IS GLASSY WATER DANGEROUS FOR SEAPLANES?

7 WHAT TYPE OF TAKE-OFF IS USED FOR GLASSY WATER?

8 WHAT IS IT CALLED WHE]I{ A SEAPLAhIE TURNS INTO THE WIND AT IDLE POWER?

9 WATER RUDDERS HAVE TO BE IN IDLE AND PLOW TAXI.

r0 TAXI IS USED TO COVER LONG DISTANCES AND SAVE TIME.

I I WHAT POSITION SHOULD THE WATER RTJDDERS BE Ihi DURING TAKE-OFF AN{D LANDING?

I2 DESCRIBE THE TECFTNIQUE FOR POWER-OFF SAILING:

13 DESCRIBE THE TECHNIQTJE FOR DOCKINC THE SEAPLANE:

I4 DESCRIBE THE TECHNIQUE FOR BEACHI}.IG THE SEAPLANE:

I5 LIST THREE REASONS WHY A SEAPLANE PORPOISES:

12
 STUDY QUESTIONS (continued)

16. PICK THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE FOLLOWING:

(I) SEPARATE FLOAT COMPARTMENTS A. KEEL

(2) WALKNG AREA ON TOP OF FLOAT B. SKEG

(3) RENFORCEMENT STRIP THAT COhINECTS C. BULKHEADS

SIDE AND BOTTOM OF FLOAT

(4) REINFORCEME}{T STzuP ON BOTTOM FLOAT D. SPRAY RAIL

(5) DEFLECTS WATER AWAY FROM PROP E. STEP

(6) LEAST DRAG, BEST ACCELERATION POINT F. CHNE

G. DECK
17. HOW CAN YOU FI}ID OUT WHERE YOU CAN LAND AND WHO TO CONTACT?

I8. LIST FIVE ITEMS YOU LOOK FOR WHEN FLYING OVER THE LAKE THAT YOU IhITE}ID
TO LAND ON.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

19. DESCRIBE THE TECTNIQUE FOR THE PLOW TAXI AND WHAT MAKES THE
AIRPLANE TURhI
o?*towTl.rD IhI THE PLOW POSTTTON.

20, CAN YOU TURN T}.ITO THE WIhiD N THE PLOW POSITION?

21 , POUER SETTIhIGS:

PLOW TAXI RPM

STEP TAXI
UPWIND RPM
TURN RPM
DOWNWI}iD RPM

GLASSY WATER LANDING RPM

ROUGH WATER LAhIDING RPM

l3
 AQUA 1 500

THI 15OO MTANS IT DISPI3CIS 15OO PCUNDS OF FRTSH WATTR

7 COMPARTMTNTS

MCORING
CLEAT

MP OUTS BULKHTADS (C)

rPU DrcK (G)

// -
/ /
\\ l\\ Yl I .// I //
t\ l'll
\\ I \\
,f l:' if
\. i l.)

I (A)

cHtNr (F)
BUMPTR
SISTIR I{TtLSCN
st([G

STEP
(B)

(r)
RITRACTABLT
WATER RUDDTR
pROVtDf S DtRtcloNAL C0NTROL
ON THT STTP & BAI-ANCT

PROvtDtS ARIA OF LTAST

DRAG & BTST ACCTLERATION
POINT

sKrG (B)
r(rrL (A)

BUMPER

FAA RTGUI-ATIONS RTQUIRf :

FLOATS MUST HAVI AT LTAST 4 COMPARTMINTS

IACH FLOAI MUST SUPPORT 90% OF AIRCRAFT GROSS WTIGHT
TXAMPL-f : 1300 POUNDS (J3 wilGHT) X gO% = I 1 70 rOUNDS
BOTH TLOATS TOGITHIR MUST SUPPORT 18A% OT THT GROSS AIRCRAFT WIIGHT
MUST TLOAT THT AIRCRATT WITH TWO COMPARTMINTS TLOODTD