INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT
To ease out the energy crisis
situation in Pakistan and the
recent discoveries of coal
reserves and its pronounced
scope in the energy sector in
the wake of new technologies
have led to its effective
utilization.. It is through the
Coal
to
Liquid
(CTL)
technology that coal is
converted to valuable liquid
hydrocarbons. The two step
process, i.e., gasification,
followed by its conversion to
liquid fuel by Gas-to-Liquid
(GTL) technology is a proven
strategy, commonly known as
FischerTropsch
synthesis
(FTS) process.

PROCESS CHEMISTRY

The FischerTropsch process is a collection

of chemical reactions that converts a mixture
of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid
hydrocarbons.

(2n + 1) H2 + n CO nH2O+ CnH(2n+2)

The FT process lies at the heart of both gasto-liquids (GTL) and biomass-to-liquids (BTL).
The original process was invented by Franz
Fischer and Hans Tropsch in 1920s.

Steam reforming that converts

methane into CO and H2:
H2O + CH4: CO + 3 H2
Catalysts
Ruthenium, Nickel, Cobalt & Iron

Water Gas Shift reaction:

H2O + CO CO2+ H2

RAW MATERIAL
Coal is a chief raw material
used in F.T process. Out of
all available types of coal the
most suitable for this process
is Sub-bituminous type of
coal having 35 to 45%
carbon content.

PROCESS SELECTION
Coal can be converted to liquid or gaseous fuels through a number
of processes Including liquefaction and gasification of coal.
Fischer-Tropsch process aims to produce good quality gasoline and
diesel.
This platform can provide the foundation of solving defense, resource
development, and energy security needs through a well-targeted
wave of research and development.

MARKET ANALYSIS
WORLD WIDE

Table 1. Label in 20pt Calibri.

PAKISTAN
GTL Joint Venture Projects in Qatar
160,000
130,000

Project

PAKISTAN

Installer

ConocoPhillips Pearl

140,000

ExxonMobil

154,000

120,000

QP/Sasol Marathon

Oryx

Team Members:
Abdul Mannan Khan
Amna Bashir
Mahum Jaleel
Usama Shakeel

100,000

The estimated rich subbituminous coal reserves

located in KPK are about 91
million tons.

SCOPE
The world fuel reserves are
estimated as: crude oil,
5775 Quads (Q); gas 5137 Q;
and coal 30100 Q. The
possibility of using coal as a
source of liquid fuels is
obvious.

CONCLUSION
In
todays
coal
rich
Pakistan, well developed
Fischer-Tropsch
process
(GTL technology) with iron
catalyst can serve as an
alternative for gasoline and
diesel production. Mega
plants with slurry bed
reactors
can
be
commercialized.