24/10/2014 seminar 3 engleza

7 timpuri (tenses):
1. Present (tense)
2. Past
3. Future
4. Present perfect
5. Past
perfect
6. Future perfect
7. Future in the past
Si fiecare timp are 2 aspecte (1) simple + (2) continuous
Aspectul nu se gsete in RO. Spune ceva despre natura aciunii

Present tense simple

1. Cum se formeaza
2. Cand se folosete

1. Formarea
+ Infinitiv scurt (din dictionar) al vb de conjugat 1 (la toate persoanele)
excepia pers.3 sg unde se adaug particula s/es
She works
She catches

2. Folosirea
2.1.

actiuni prezente repetitive

(cu adverbe de frecventa: always, often, sometimes, seldom, repeatedly, usually,
rarely, ever, never, in the morning, in spring)
I read a book every day.

2.2.

adevaruri general valabile, adevruri tiinifice, proverbe

Water freezes at zero degrees.
Children like sweets.
Fish live in the water.
Still waters run deep.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

1 Infinitivul lung este +To

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Present simple
2.3.

pt a exprima aciuni sau stri permanente, care caracterizeaz subiectul

She teaches English .
He likes horses.
I live in Bucharest.

2.4.

aciuni viitoare, care fac parte dintr-un program oficial, orar.

The plane leaves at 7pm.
The shop closes at 5
Holidays, exam sessions, ...

2.5.

aciuni trecute, istorice, in romane istorice, in naratiuni (prezentul istoric)

Traian conquers Dacia in 105-106 AC

2.6.

urmtoarele vb pot fi folosite la prezentul simplu

Hear a afla
Gather a nelege
Learn a afla
I hear you arrived in time.
I gather you are new in the neighbourhood
I learn that he has just left the country.
Si formele de PAST sunt ok, dar acestea (de PREZENT) sunt preferabile.

2.7.
pt a exprima o succesiune rapida de aciuni prezente,
chiar si atunci cnd au loc in momentul vorbirii.
Someone knocks at the door. She runs and opens it. She says hello to Mary.
Ar dura prea mult sa fol prezentul continuu si ar suna neplacut sa auzim ING tot timpul
2.8.

pt a relata transmisiuni in direct, reete culinare sau de alt fel, indicatii regizorale

2.9.

Verbe care NU accepta aspectul CONTINUU

i)

Vb de perceptie (simturi)
To see
To hear
To taste
To feel
To smell
I see a dog in the street.
I hear someone at the door
The cake tastes delicious

ii) Vb care exprima stri emotionale

Love
Hate
Like
Want
Desire
In cartea Georgianei - in tabele
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iii) Vb care exprima stri mentale

Present simple

Know
Understand
Remember
Think - a crede (nu si a gndi)
Expect - a se atepta la (nu si a atepta ceva)
Recognise
Hope
iv) Verbe diverse
Sound
Cost
Mind
Mean
Etc.
v) To BE
nu se foloseste la continuu, cu excepia unei situaii - Prezent continuu al enervarii /
present continuous of annoyance
You are being late again
vi) To HAVE - cand are intelesul de a poseda
I have a dog
I have a beautiful dress

vii) Exceptii
a) vb de perceptie/simturi
Se pot fol la CONTINUU doar atunci cnd perceptia este voluntar, intentionata.
Ex cnd mirosi un parfum in magazin.
I am smelling a perfume, to see if I like it or not.
b) oricare dintre vb mentionate anterior, atunci cnd i modifica sensul iniial.
I am seeing a doctor this afternoon.
I am seeing you off.
I am hearing voices.
I am having breakfast
I am having an interview
I am expecting (a child)
I am thinking of you.

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Present continuous
To be = inherent Shortcut folosit pt a obine orice timp la continuu:

1. Formarea
+ To BE (conjugat la prezent)
+ infinitul scurt al verbului de conjugat la continuu (terminat in -ING)

Situaiile de folosire
1

Aciune care are loc in momentul vorbirii

I am drinking a glass of water (now).

2.10. Aciune in desfurare / proces, care are loc pe parcursul unei perioade de timp
mai mare sau mai mica din prezent prezent flexibil, extensibil, comprimabil.
I am learning English.
The flowers are growing.
2.11.

Aciune prezenta temporara, in contrast cu o alta aciune prezenta permanenta.

I live in Bucharest, but now I am staying with my aunt in Brasov

2.12.

Aciune viitoare care face parte dintr-un aranjament personal

I am meeting my friends this evening

2.13.

Doua sau mai multe aciuni prezente aflate in desfurare simultan

I am watching TV while my husband is reading a book and my children are playing in
the garden
While - adverb de timp care anticipeaz un aspect de timp CONTINUU
I leave you the book while you are sleeping

2.14.

Present continuous of annoyance

pt a exprima starea de enervarii, iritabilitare a vorbitorului cu privrei la o observatie,
aciune, stare prezenta
You're being rude!
You're patronising me!
You're always being late!

Carte exercitii - Georgiana Galateanu Firnoaga

TEMA

Ex 3.71 de la lag 82 + Ex 3. 67 de la pag 79

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