Biology10

OrganicMolecule
Date:6/11/14
Groupmembers
Ning,JitrawanJaroensintaweekul
Mudmee,SmitaJirayingchareon
Frongky,chalitaKaveevutisilp
Put,puttaruksaPisansrisomsuk

Introduction:Organicmoleculesarethemoleculesthatcontaincarbon
andhydrogenatoms.Westudyfourclassesoforganicmoleculeswhich
arecalledbiomolecules.Theseexistinalllivingthings,whichare
carbohydrate,lipids,protein,andnucleicacid.Monomersarejoined
togethertobecomepolymers,sothepolymersarethechainsof
monomers.Theyjointogetherbydehydrationreaction,thisreaction
happensbyreleasingthewaterout.Butwhentheywanttobreakdown
theyusehydrolysis,thisprocessiswhenthemoleculesusingwaterto
breakthebond.

Purpose:Thepurposeofthisexperimentistotestthevarioussamplesto
seeiftheyhavemonosaccharides,polysaccharides,lipidsandproteinor
not.WeuseBenedict,Iodine,BluretandAbsoluteEthanoltotestthese
samples.

Hypothesis:
1)IfthesamplereactswithBenedictssolution,thenitcontainssugar
monosaccharideordisaccharides.Thesolutioncouldchangefromgreen
toredverylowconcentrationofsugarwouldturngreen,andveryhigh
wouldturnred.
2) IfthesamplereactswithIodinesolution,thenitcontain
polysaccharidesinit.Thesolutionwouldchangefromyellowto
black.

3) IfthesamplereactswithBiuretsolution,thenitcontainsproteinor
peptideinit.Thesolutionwouldchangefrombluetopurple.
4) IfthesamplereactswithAbsoluteEthanolthenitcontainslipidinit.
Thesolutionwouldmixwithlipidsandbecomeanhomogenous
mixture.

Materials:Testtubetongs,Testtube,Beaker,Vortexmixer,pipette,Hot
plate,testtuberack,Water,Glucosesolution,Gelatinsolution,
3unknowns(onion,rice,dilutedyogurt),Benedict,Iodine,Biuret,Lab
coat,Goggles,gloves

Procedures:
1) Fill 300ml ofwater into the 500ml beaker with amagneticstirrer.Place
the beakeronthe hot plate. (DONOTTURNONTHEHOTPLATEUNTIL
TOLD)
2) Ask an instructor or a lab technician to show you how to use a hot
plate.Turnonthehotplateandthestirrertotheinstructedlevels.
3) Make labels (using the abbreviations in the Table 4) on provided
marking tape to be placed on the outside of each test tube. This is done
so youdonot forgetwhich test tube containswhat sample. Use thechart
belowforabbreviation.
1) Fill 300ml ofwater into the 500ml beaker with amagneticstirrer.Place
the beakeronthe hot plate. (DONOTTURNONTHEHOTPLATEUNTIL
TOLD)
2) Ask an instructor or a lab technician to show you how to use a hot
plate.Turnonthehotplateandthestirrertotheinstructedlevels.

3) Make labels (using the abbreviations in the Table 4) on provided

marking tape to be placed on the outside of each test tube. This is done
so youdonot forgetwhich test tube containswhat sample. Use thechart
belowforabbreviation.
4) Applythelabeloneachtesttube.Andarrangethetesttubeontherack
accordingtheTable4.
5)Putonprotectiveglovesandagoggle(formemberswhowillbedealing
withchemicals).
6) Adding approximately 1cm of each sample according to the label. Do
NOTforgettoarrangethetesttubeaccordingtothechart.
6.1Intotalyoushouldhave3tubesofeachofthefollowingsamples
6.1.1Waternegativecontrols
6.1.2 Glucose solution (Monosaccharide)

positive controls for

Benedictssolution
6.1.3 Starch solution (Polysaccharide) positive controls for Iodine
solution
6.1.4Gelatinsolution(Protein)positivecontrolsforBiuretsolution
6.1.5Unknown1
6.1.6Unknown2
6.1.7Unknown3
7)InROW1:Add5dropsofBiuretsolutionintoeachofthesample.
7.1 Gently swirl the test tube around so that the solution is evenly
spreadoutinthetesttube.
7.2 Observe and take note any the color change in the result
section.

8)InROW2:Add5dropsofIodinesolutionintoeachofthesample.
8.1 Gently swirl the test tube around so that the solution is evenly
spreadoutinthetesttube.
8.2 Observe and take note any the color change in the result
section.
9)InROW3:Add5dropsofBenedictssolutionintoeachofthesample.
9.1 Gently swirl the test tube around so that the solution is evenly
spreadoutinthetesttube.
9.2 Use the beaker tong to transfer the test tube ONE AT A TIME
intotheboilingwaterinthebeakerfor
around35minutes.
9.3 Observe and take note any the color change in the result
section.
10) Turn of the hot plate and stirrer. Be careful notto touch the hotplate
asitwillremainhotforalongtime.
11) Once you have finished the experiment, please help remove the
markingtapeonthetesttubes.
12)Continuetothenextpartoftheexperiment.

Procedures(Oils)

1)CollecttwotesttubeslabeledA&Bfromyourinstructor.
2)Unscrewthecapofthetube
3) Add approximately the same amount of absolute ethanol into each
tube.

**CAUTION: Absolute ethanol inhighly flammable, DONOTPOUR

absoluteethanolNEARTHEHOT
PLATE. Failure to follow this rule will result in 10% deduction from
yourlabreportscore**
4)Screwthecapbackontightly.
5) Shake each tube vigorously. Observe the change and record the
findingsintheresultssection.
6) Call your instructor to show you the brownpaper test and record the
findingsintheresultssection.

Results:

AnalayzingResultsQuestions:
1.Doesricestoreglucoseasstarch?Howdoyouknowfromyourresults?
Riceiscontainintheunknown2.Whenwedropiodinesolutionintothe
unknown2,thecolourischangeintoblack.Sothisshowthatthe
unknown2iscontainglucoseasstarch.

2.Doonionsstoreglucoseasstarch?Howdoyouknowfromyourresults?
Onioniscontainintheunknown1.Ithavereactionwiththebenedicts
solutionanditbecomepositive.Thisshowthatonionisa
monosaccharidebutnotpolysaccharide.Sooniondoesnotstoreglucose
asstarch.

3.Whatsugarismostlikelypresentindilutedyogurt?
Lactoseismostlikelypresentindilutedyogurt.

4.Atesttubecontainsstarch,adigestiveenzymeforstarch,andwater.The
Biurettestisnegativeshowingnochange.However,after30minutes,the
Benedictstestispositive.Whatsubstanceispresent?Howdoyouknow?
First,itisjustastarchandthebiuretdidntreactwithit.Thenadigestive
enzymeforstarchbrokendownstarchwhichisapolysaccharideintoits
monomerswhichismonosaccharidesbyhydrolysisreactionso,the
benedicttestispositive.

5.Explainhowyouwouldtestanunknownsolutionforeachofthefollowing:
a.SugarsIwouldusebenedictssolutionandputitonthevortexmixer
thenputintotheboilingwaterinthebeakerforaround35mins.Itchange
frombluetoorangered.
b.FatsIwoulduseabsoluteethanolandputitonthevortexmixer.It
changefromthetwolayer(whiteandyellow)toonecloudyyellowlayer.
c.StarchIwoulduseiodinessolutionandputitonthevortexmixer.It
changefromyellowtoblueblack.
d.ProteinsIwouldusebiuretsolutionandputitonthevortexmixer.It
changefrombluetopurple.

Conclusion:
1. Waterisanegativecontrolbecauseitdoesntchangeanycolor.
Glucosesolutionisapositivecontrolforbenedictanditchanges
colorfrombluetoyellow.Starchsolutionisapositivecontrolfor
iodinesolutionanditchangescolorfromyellowtoblack.Gelatin
solutionisapositivecontrolforbiuretsolutionanditchangescolor
frombluetopurple.Unknown1isapositivecontrolforbenedict
solutionanditchangescolorfrombluetoorange.Unknown2isa
positivecontrolforiodinesolutionanditchangesthecolorfrom
yellowtoblackandunknown3isapositivecontrolforbiuretsolution
anditchangescolorfrombluetopurple.

2. Unknown1changesthecolorfrombluetoorangeanditisa
monosaccharides.Unknown2changesthecolorfromyellowto
blackanditcontainsastarchforunknown3itchangesthecolor
frombluetoorangeforbenedictsolutionbutbiuretsolutionfor
unknown3changesfrombluetopurple.

3. Theywerenoerrorsintheexperiment.