Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SISTEMELOR DE
CALCUL
Curs 6
Cuprins
Microprocesorul 8086
Periferice
ntreruperi (8259A)
Problem
Anexa memoria DRAM
CTI.DID.207 Arhitectura sistemelor de calcul
Curs 6
Microprocesorul 8086
Microprocesorul este o
unitate central de
prelucrare (CPU) realizat
ntr-un singur circuit
integrat.
Are trei funcii principale:
prelucrarea informaiilor in
CPU, stocarea informaiilor
n memorie i transferul
informaiilor n interior i cu
mediul exterior.
Microprocesorul 8086
Microprocesorul 8086
Cicli de
acces la
magistral
pentru
procesorul
8086
Microprocesorul 8086
Vcc
Vcc
X1
RES
Vcc
X2
RESET
CLK
8 READY
2
8
RDY1
4
RDY2
AEN1
AEN2
F/C
CSYNC
MN/MX
RESET
CLK
READY
8
0
8
6
RD
RD
WR
WR
M/IO
M/IO
ALE
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
BHE
A1619
AD015
OE
DT/R
Modul minim
Command
BUS
8
2
8
6
DEN
(2x)
OE
BHE
A019
Address
BUS
D015
Data
BUS
7
Microprocesorul 8086
Command
BUS
Vcc
X2
X1
RES
Vcc
RESET
CLK
8 READY
2
8
RDY1
4
RDY2
AEN1
AEN2
F/C
CSYNC
CLK
MRDC
MN/MX
RESET
CLK
READY
S02
8
0
8
6
8 MWTC
2 IORC
S02
8 IOWC
8
DEN
MRDC
MWTC
IORC
IOWC
DT/R
ALE
STB
8
2
8
2
BHE
A1619
AD015
(3x)
OE
Modul maxim
8
2
8
6
(2x)
OE
BHE
A019
Address
BUS
D015
Data
BUS
8
Periferice
Prin intermediul cuvintelor de control transmise de la microprocesor ctre port, (OUTPUT), numite
cuvinte de comand, se vor putea seta / modifica / programa, anumite caracteristici defuncionare
ale portului.
Prin intermediul cuvintelor de control citite de la port, (INPUT), numite cuvinte de stare, se vor putea
testa / verifica, diveri indicatori referitori la funcionarea portului, la disponibilitatea datelor
transferate, etc.
Cuvintele de date vor reprezenta date de intrare, daca se citesc de la port (INPUT), sau
date de ieire, dac se transmit ctre port (OUTPUT).
Uzual aceste circuite specializate permit toate aceste tipuri de transferuri de informaie,
att pentru cuvintele de control ct i pentru cele de date.
Interfaa de comunicaie
serial (8251A)
Dezavantaj
10
Interfaa de comunicaie
serial (8251A)
11
Interfaa de comunicaie
serial (8251A)
12
Interfaa de comunicaie
serial (8251A)
Formatul cuvntului de
comand
Formatul cuvntului de
stare
13
Interfaa de comunicaie
serial (8251A)
S se programeze circuitul
8251A pentru a opera n
mod asincron, pe 8 bii de
date, cu paritate par i doi
bii de stop. Se consider:
Adres
(hex)
0x0002
0x0002
R/W
W
W
Data
(binar)
11111101
x0110111
14
Metod de
interfaare foarte
flexibil
24 de linii
programabile
Posibilitate de
setare/resetare
individual a unor
semnale
15
Moduri de operare
Moduri de operare
16
Cuvntul de control
setare/resetare bit
Cuvntul de control
configurare mod
operare
17
18
19
Timer (8253/8254)
20
Timer (8253/8254)
Conectarea la
magistralele sistemului
21
Cuvntul de control
Timer (8253/8254)
Modurile de operare
22
ntreruperi (8259A)
Modul cu interogare
(polled method)
Modul cu ntrerupere
(interrupt method)
23
ntreruperi (8259A)
24
Problem
25
Vcc
READY
RESET
CLK
CLK
Problem
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
26
Problem
Vcc
X2
X1
PCLK
RES
PCLK
Vcc
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
27
Problem
Vcc
X2
X1
PCLK
RES
PCLK
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
BHE
Vcc
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
A019
D015
28
Problem
Vcc
X2
PCLK
PCLK
Vcc
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
Address
Decoder
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
BHE
X1
RES
A019
D015
29
Problem
Vcc
X2
PCLK
PCLK
Vcc
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
Address
Decoder
A115
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A014
ROM
32 ko
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
BHE
X1
RES
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
D07
D815
A019
D015
30
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
Vcc
PCLK
PCLK
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
A011
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
D07
Address
Decoder
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
D07
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A014
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
BHE
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
D07
D815
A019
D015
31
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
Vcc
PCLK
PCLK
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
A011
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
D07
Address
Decoder
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
D07
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
ROM
32 ko
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
CSSRAM2-L
CS
A014
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
BHE
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
D07
D815
CSSRAM2-H
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
32
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
PCLK
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
ALE
BHE
ROM
4 ko
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
ROM
4 ko
D07
Address
Decoder
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
ROM
32 ko
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
CSSRAM2-L
CS
A014
D07
D815
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
OE
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
A116
A011
Bank low
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
BHE
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
CSSRAM2-H
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
33
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
PCLK
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
ROM
4 ko
D07
Address
Decoder
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D815
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
ROM
32 ko
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
CSSRAM2-L
CS
A014
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
D07
D07
D07
D815
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
A116
A011
Bank low
BHE
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
CSSRAM2-H
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
OE
8
2
8
2
D02
STB
CSLEDs
34
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
PCLK
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
ALE
BHE
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D07
Address
Decoder
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
OE
D07
D07
D815
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
CSSRAM2-H
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
D07
A1
WR RD
A0
8
2
5
9
OE
8
2
8
2
CSSRAM2-L
CS
A014
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
A116
A011
D07
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
BHE
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
D02
STB
CSLEDs
35
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
A1619
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
ROM
32 ko
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D07
D815
D07
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
CSSRAM2-H
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
OE
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
D07
A1
D07
WR RD
A12
A0
D02
CS8259
WR RD
A01
8
2
5
9
OE
8
2
8
2
CS
A116
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
CSSRAM2-L
A014
CS
A015
SRAM
64 ko
D07
D07
Address
Decoder
D07
ALE
BHE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
BHE
READY
RESET
CLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
A116
A011
D07
PCLK
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
8
2
5
5
PA07
PB07
PC07
CS8255 CS
STB
CSLEDs
36
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
CS
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D07
D815
D07
CSSRAM2-H
A015
SRAM
64 ko
OE
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
D07
A1
D07
WR RD
A12
A0
D02
CS8259
A12
8
2
5
5
CS8255 CS
WR RD
WR RD
A01
8
2
5
9
OE
8
2
8
2
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
Bank high
D815
CSSRAM2-L
A014
SRAM
64 ko
D07
CS
D07
A1619
SRAM
64 ko
D07
D07
Address
Decoder
BHE
READY
RESET
CLK
ALE
BHE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
CS
A015
D07
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
A116
A011
D07
PCLK
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
D07
A01
PA07
8
CLK1
2 CLK0
5 OUT1
3
PB07
PC07
CS8253 CS
GATE1
GATE0
OUT0
PCLK
Vcc
STB
CSLEDs
37
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
AD015
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
Bank low
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D07
Address
Decoder
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
WE
OE
D07
D07
D815
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
D07
D815
A019
D015
D07
A1
D07
WR RD
A12
A0
D02
A12
8
2
5
5
CS8255 CS
WR RD
WR RD
A01
8
2
5
9
OE
8
2
8
2
CS
Bank low
D07
D07
D07
CSSRAM2-H
A015
SRAM
64 ko
OE
BHE
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
Bank high
D815
CSSRAM2-L
A014
SRAM
64 ko
D07
CS
D07
A1619
SRAM
64 ko
D07
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
READY
RESET
CLK
ALE
BHE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
CS
A015
D07
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
A116
A011
D07
PCLK
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
D07
A1
A01
PA07
8
CLK1
2 CLK0
5 OUT1
3
PB07
PC07
CS8253 CS
GATE1
GATE0
OUT0
PCLK
Vcc
C/D
RD
WR
D07 CLK
RESET
TxC
RxC
CS8251 CS
TxRDY
8
2
5
1
TxD
RxD
CLK
RES
Tin Tout
Rout Rin
RS232
CTS
RxRDY
STB
CSLEDs
38
Problem
CSROM1-L
CSROM1-H
CS
CS
CSSRAM1-L
CSSRAM1-H
Vcc
PCLK
RD
WR
DEN
DT/R
Vcc
WE
OE
D07
D07
D07
D07
Address
Decoder
D815
D07
A115
CSROM2-L
CSROM2-H
CS
CS
A116
ROM
32 ko
Bank low
OE
T 8
2
8
6
(2x)
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
A14
D07
D
E
C
D815
A019
BUFF
OE
D07
CSTAST
D015
D07
A1
D07
WR RD
A12
A0
D02
A12
8
2
5
5
CS8255 CS
WR RD
WR RD
A01
8
2
5
9
OE
8
2
8
2
WE
OE
D07
D07
D815
D07
Vcc
A015
Bank low
D07
D07
CSSRAM2-H
CS
SRAM
64 ko
Bank high
OE
BHE
STB
8
2
8
2
(3x)
OE
ROM
32 ko
Bank high
D815
CSSRAM2-L
A014
SRAM
64 ko
D07
CS
D07
AD015
Bank low
D07
READY
RESET
CLK CLK
READY
RESET
CLK
A1619
SRAM
64 ko
13 linii
ALE
BHE
ROM
4 ko
Bank high
OE
M/IO
MN/MX
8
0
8
6
ROM
4 ko
Bank low
CS
A015
D07
CSLEDs
CSTAST
CS8259
CS8255
CS8253
CS8251
CSSRAM2-H
CSSRAM2-L
CSSRAM1-H
CSSRAM1-L
CSROM2-H
CSROM2-L
CSROM1-H
CSROM1-L
8
2
F/C
8
CSYNC
4
A116
A011
D07
PCLK
RES
Vcc
A112
X2
X1
CS
D07
A1
A01
PA07
8
CLK1
2 CLK0
5 OUT1
3
PB07
PC07
CS8253 CS
GATE1
GATE0
OUT0
PCLK
Vcc
C/D
RD
WR
D07 CLK
RESET
TxC
RxC
CS8251 CS
TxRDY
8
2
5
1
TxD
RxD
CLK
RES
Tin Tout
Rout Rin
RS232
CTS
RxRDY
STB
CSLEDs
39
Bank low
CLK RESET
AL0(k-2)/2
AH0(k-3)/2
WR
RD
PCTL
RAS0,1
RAS
CAS0,1
CAS
DRAM
2k-1
AO0(k-2)/2
DRAM
2k-1
A0(k-2)/2
WE
PE
Bank high
PDI
WE
D07
D07
CSDRAM
WE
D07
D815
A0
BHE
Legenda culorilor:
Data BUS (Magistrala de date)
Address BUS (Magistrala de adres)
D015
40
41