1998: PlanetAll, a reminder service based in Cambridge, Massachusetts;
Junglee, an XML-based data mining startup based in Sunnyvale;
[ Bookpages.co.uk,a UK online book retailer, which became Amazon UK on October 15, 1998. 1999: Internet Movie Database (IMDb);Alexa Internet, Accept.com, and Exchange.com[34] 2003: Online music retailer CDNow. By 2011, the website cdnow.com was defunct and in use by a different company. 2004: Joyo.com, a Chinese e-commerce website.[ 2005: BookSurge, a print on demand company, and Mobipocket.com, an eBook software company.[CreateSpace.com (formerly CustomFlix), a distributor of on-demand DVDs, based in Scotts Valley, California. CreateSpace has since expanded to include print on-demand books (POD), CDs, and video. 2006: Shopbop, a retailer of designer clothing and accessories for women, based in Madison, Wisconsin. 2007: dpreview.com, a digital photography review website based in London; Brilliance Audio, the largest independent publisher of audiobooks in the United States. 2008: Audible.com; Fabric.com; Box Office Mojo;AbeBooks; Shelfari; (including a 40% stake in LibraryThing and whole ownership of BookFinder.com, Gojaba.com, and FillZ);Reflexive Entertainment,a casual video game development company. 2009: Zappos,an online shoe and apparel retailer Lexcycle, SnapTell, an image matching startup, Stanza, a rival e-book reader to Amazon's Kindle. 2010: Touchco., Woot,Quidsi, BuyVIP, Amie Street. 2010: Toby Press[ 2011: LoveFilm, The Book Depository, PushbuttonYap, 2012: Kiva Systems,Teachstreet Evi 2013: IVONA Software, GoodReadsLiquavista