Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Cn(H2O)n
Funcii:
Clasificare
Aldoze
Cetoze
Trioze
Tetroze
Pentoze
Hexoze, etc
Formula general
CH2OH
CHO
(CH-OH)n
n = 1,2,3....
CH2OH
(CH-OH)n
n = 0,1,2.....
CH2OH
Aldoz
Cetoz
Aldotetroz
1
2
H
CHO
C
OH
OH
3
H
4
CH2OH
D - Eritroza
Formule liniare
2
Aldotrioz
Cetotrioz
CHO
CH2OH
C O
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
Dihidroxiacetona
Gliceraldehida
Cetopentoze
Aldopentoze
1
2
H
OH
1 CH2OH
CHO
CHO
H
OH
OH
HO
OH
3
H
CH2OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
C H
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
D - Riboza
D - Xiloza
D - Ribuloza
CH2OH
D - Xyluloza
Aldohexoze
CHO
H C OH
Cetohexoze
CHO
CH2OH
CHO
HO C
OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
D - Glucoza
D - Manoza
D-Galactoza
D - Fructoza
(D-Glc)
(D-Man)
(D-Gal)
(D-Fru)
CHO
H
OH
CH2OH
D - gliceraldehida
HO
CH2OH
L - gliceraldehida
Formule ciclice
Apar astfel doi stereoizomeri ciclici care difer ntre ei doar prin
configuraia noului C asimetric, numii anomeri
Aldehida
HOR'
Alcool
HOR"
R'
OR'
Alcool
OH
Semiacetal
R'
Cetona
OH
Furan
Piran
OR"
Semicetal
Formule de perspectiv
Monozaharide reprezentative
Triozele
Aldopentozele
Cetopentoze
Aldohexoze
Cetohexoze
Stereoizomerie
6
H
4
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
OH
O H
H
2 OH
3
H
OH
-D-glucopiranoza
CHO
HO
HO
4
H
HO
H
H
OH
OH
-D-glucopiranoza
HO
6
CH2OH
O OH
H
OH
H
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
H
O
1
OH
H
OH
2
H 3 HO
CH2OH
HO
H
OH
OH
O
H
H
H
OH
-D-glucofuranoza
-D-glucofuranoza
Derivai ai monozaharidelor
O H
H
OH
OH
HO
2OPO3
-D-glucozo -1-fosfat
Dezoxizaharuri
OH
O
H
H
OH
2-dezoxi--D-riboza
2-dezoxi-D-riboza este componentul glucidic al
ADN
CHO
HO
H
HC
OH
OH
HO
HO
OH
OH
CH2OH
L-Galactoza
OH
H
H
H
CH3
O H
OH
HO
OH
OH
CH3
L-fucoza
-L-fucoza
Aminozaharuri
10
COOH
C
OH
NH2
CH2
O
OH
H2N
OH
OH
O COOH
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
Acid -neuraminic
H
H3C-OC-H2N
H
O COOH
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
Acid neuraminic
11
COOH
H
OH
HO
OH
OH
CH2OH
Acid D-gluconic
Derivai acizi ai monozaharidelor
H
O H
H
OH
HO
OH
H
OH
Acid-D-glucuronic
COOH
OH
H
O H
HO
OH
H
OH
Acid-L-iduronic
Produi de reducere
D-Glc D-sorbitol
D-Man D-manitol
D-riboza D-ribitol
13
CHO
CH2OH
CH2OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
CH2OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
D-Glucoza
D-sorbitol
CH2OH
D-Fructoza
CH2OH
D-Manitol
Produi de condensare
N-glicozide
14
D-M
OLIGOZAHARIDE DIZAHARIDE
15
Dizaharide reductoare
CH2OH
O
OH
OH
HO
OH
O
OH
OH
Maltoz
-Glucopiranozil - (1
4) - - glucopiranoz
CH2OH
O
O OH
O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
Celobioz
-Glucopiranozil - (1
4) - - glucopiranoz
Celobioza 2 b
-glucopiranoze se leag ntre ele prin legtur 14 glicozidic
16
CH2OH
OH
CH2OH
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Lactoz
-Galactopiranozil - (1
4) - - glucopiranoz
Dizaharide nereductoare
17
CH2OH
O
OH
HO
OH
HOCH2
O
OH
CH2OH
OH
Zaharoz
-Glucopiranozil - (1
2) -- fructofuranoz
Zaharoza(sucroza) a-
glucopiranoza se leag
12 glicozidic de b-fructofuranoz
Polizaharide (glicani)
Clasificare:
18
Constituit din:
CH2OH
4
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
1
OH
HO
CH2OH
O
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Punct de ramificare
Capete
nereductoare
CH2OH
4
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
HO
OH
OH
O
OH
CH2OH
O
1
OH
6 CH2
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
Capt reductor
Proteoglicani
Denumire
Aminozahar
Acid uronic
Grupri sulfat
Acid
hialuronic
Dglucozamin
Acid
glucuronic
esut
conjunctiv,
fluid sinovial,
umoare
vitroas,
cordon
ombilical,
esuturi
embrionare
Condroitin
sulfat
Dgalactozamin
Acid
glucuronic
4 i/sau 6sulfat
galactozamin
Cartilaj,
cornee, oase,
artere, piele
Dermatan
sulfat
Dgalactozamin
Acid iduronic
4 sulfat
galactozamin
Piele, snge,
valve inim,
tendoane,
cartilagii
Keratan
sulfat
Dglucozamin
D-galactoz
6 sulfat
glucozamina
Cartilaj,
discuri
intervertebral
e
Heparan
sulfat
Dglucozamin
Acid
glucuronic
(major) i
acid iduronic
Plmn,
artere
20
iduronat
Heparin
Dglucozamin
Acid
glucuronic i
acid
iduronic(majo
r)
Ficat, piele,
mucoas
intestinal
GAG
Legtura dintre GAG i protein este de cele mai multe ori Oglicozidic, ntre o serin din protein i o xiloz ce aparine unui
trizaharid de legtur
Agregat de proteoglicani
21
Glicoproteine
22
Man
Man
Man
Man
Man
Man
Man
Man
Gal
Man
NAcGlc
Man
Man
NAcGlc
Man
Man
Sia
Sia
Gal
Gal
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
Man
Man
Man
Man
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
NAcGlc
Asn
Asn
Asn
Glicoproteine
simple
Glicoproteine
hibride
Fuc
Glicoproteine
complexe
24