Design and drawing of RC

Structures
CV61
Dr. G.S.Suresh
Civil Engineering Department
The National Institute of Engineering
Mysore-570 008
Mob: 9342188467

Email: gss_nie@yahoo.com
1

Portal frames

Learning out Come

Introduction
Procedure for design of Portal frames
Design example

Books for Reference

N.Krishna Raju Advanced Reinforced concrete Design
Jaikrishna and O.P.Jain Plain and reinforced concrete Vol2
B.C.Punmia Reinforced Concrete Structures Vol2

INTRODUCTION
A portal frame consists of vertical member
called Columns and top member which may
be horizontal, curved or pitched.
Rigidly connected
They are used in the construction of large
sheds, bridges and viaducts.
The base of portal frame may be hinged or
fixed.
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INTRODUCTION

For Shed

Inside View of Shed

For Rectangular Buildings

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For Bridges

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For Viaduct

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INTRODUCTION
The portal frames have high stability
against lateral forces
A portal frame is a statically indeterminate
structure.
In the case of buildings, the portal frames
are generally spaced at intervals of 3 to 4m
Reinforced
concrete
slab
cast
monolithically between the frames
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INTRODUCTION

Frames used for ware house sheds and

workshop structures are provided with sloping of
purlins and asbestos sheet roofing between the
portal frames.
The base of the columns of the portal frames are
either fixed or hinged.
Analysis of frames can be done by any standard
methods
Columns are designed for axial force and bending
moment, whereas beam is designed for bending
moment and shear force

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INTRODUCTION
Step1: Design of slabs
Step2: Preliminary design of beams and
columns
Step3: Analysis
Step4: Design of beams
Step5: Design of Columns
Step6: Design of footings

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Problem 1

The roof of a 8m wide hall is supported on a

portal frame spaced at 4m intervals. The height
of the portal frame is 4m. The continuous slab
is 120 mm thick. Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2,
SBC of soil = 150 kN/m2. The columns are
connected with a plinth beam and the base of
the column may be assumed as fixed. Design
the slab, column, beam members and suitable
footing for the columns of the portal frame.
Adopt M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Also prepare the detailed structural drawing.
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Data given:
Spacing of frames = 4m
Span of portal frame = 10m
Height of columns = 4m
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2
Thickness of slab = 120mm
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
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4.00m

4.00m

4.00m

4.00m
Y

8.00m

X
Z

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21

Step1:Design of slab
Self weight of slab = 0.12 x 24 = 2.88 kN/m2
Weight of roof finish = 0.50 kN/m2 (assumed)
Ceiling finish
= 0.25 kN/m2 (assumed)
= 3.63 kN/m2
Total dead load wd
Live load wL

= 1.50 kN/m2 (Given in the data)

Maximum
service
load moment at interior support
2
2

wd L wL L

8.5 kN - m/m
10
9

Mu=1.5 x 8.5 = 12.75 kN-m/m

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Step1:Design of slab (Contd)

Mulim=Qlimbd2 (Qlim=2.76)
= 2.76 x 1000 x 1002 / 1 x 106 = 27.6 kN-m > 12.75 kN-m

M u 12.75x10 6

1.275
2
2
bd
1000 x100
From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.384; Ast=(0.384 x 1000 x
100)/100= 384 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384=
204.5 mm c/c
Provide #10 @ 200 c/c
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Step1:Design of slab (Contd)

Area of distribution steel

Adist=0.12 x 1000 x 120 / 100 = 144 mm 2
Spacing of 8 mm dia bars
= (50.26 x 1000)/144= 349 mm c/c
Provide #8 @ 340 c/c.
Main and dist. reinforcement in the slab is
shown in Fig.6.3

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Step1:Design of slab (Contd)

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Step2: Preliminary design of beams and columns

Beam:
Effective span = 8m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria
= 8000/12 = 666.67mm
Assume over all depth as 700 mm with effective
depth = 650mm, breadth b = 400mm
Column:
Let column section be equal to 400 mm x 600 mm.

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Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
i) Load from slab = (3.63+1.5) x 4 =20.52 kN/m
ii) Self weight of rib of beam
= 0.4x0.58x24
= 5.56 kN/m
Total
27.00 kN/m
The portal frame subjected to the udl considered
for analysis is shown in Fig. 6.4

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Step3: Analysis (Contd.)

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Step3:Analysis(Contd)

The moments in the portal frame fixed at

the base and loaded as shown in Fig. 6.4
are analysed by moment distribution
IAB = 400 x 6003/12 = 72 x 108 mm4,
IBC= 400 x 7003/12 = 114.33 x 108 mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 18 x 105
KBC= IBC / LBC = 14.3 x 105
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Step3:Analysis(Contd)

Distribution Factors:
D BA
D BC

K BA
18 10 5

0.55
5
5
K BA 18 10 14.3 10
K BC
14.3 10 5

0.45
5
5
K BC 18 10 14.3 10

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC 0
wL
27 x8

MFBC= - 12
12 =-144 kN-m
27 x8

and MFCB= wL
=144 kN-m
12
12
2

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Step3:Analysis(Contd) Moment Distribution Table

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Step3:Analysis(Contd) Bending Moment diagram

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Step3:Analysis(Contd) Design moments:

Service load end moments: MB=102 kN-m, MA=51
kN-m
Design end moments MuB=1.5 x 102 = 153 kN-m,
MuA=1.5 x 51=76.5 kN-m
Service load mid span moment in beam
= 27x82/8 102 =114 kN-m
Design mid span moment Mu+
=1.5 x 114 =171 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in beam
= 0.5 x 27 x 8 = 108kN
33 x 108 = 162 kN
Design shear force Vu = 1.5

Step4:Design of beams:
The beam of an intermediate portal frame is
designed. The mid span section of this beam is
designed as a T-beam and the beam section at the
ends are designed as rectangular section.

Design of T-section for Mid Span :

Design moment Mu=171 kN-m
Flange width bf=

Lo
b w 6D f
6

Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 8 =5.6m

bf= 5.6/6+0.4+6x0.12=2m
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Step4:Design of T-beam:
bf/bw=5 and Df /d =0.2
Referring to table 58 of SP16, the moment
resistance factor is given by KT=0.459,
Mulim=KT bwd2 fck = 0.459 x 400 x 6002 x 20/1x106 =
1321.92 kN-m > Mu Safe
The reinforcement is computed using table 2 of
SP16

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Step4:Design of T- beam:
Mu/bd2 = 171 x 106/(400x6002) 1.2 for this
pt=0.359
Ast=0.359 x 400x600/100 = 861.6 mm 2
No of 20 mm dia bar = 861.6/( x202/4) =2.74
Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at bottom in the mid
span

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Step4:Design of Rectangular beam:

Design moment MuB=153 kN-m
MuB/bd2= 153x106/400x6002 1.1 From table 2 of
SP16 pt=0.327
Ast=0.327 x 400 x 600 / 100 = 784.8
No of 20 mm dia bar = 784.8/( x202/4) =2.5
Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a
distance of o.25 L = 2m from face of the column as
shown in Fig 6.6

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Step4:Design of beams Long. Section:

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Step4:Design of beams Cross-Section:

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Step4:Check for Shear:

Nominal shear stress =
pt=100x 942/(400x600)=0.39 0.4
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19
c=0.432 < v
Hence shear reinforcement is required to be
designed
Strength of concrete Vuc
=0.432 x 400 x 600/1000 = 103 kN
Shear to be carried by steel Vus=162-103 = 59 kN
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Step4:Check for Shear:

Spacing 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrup sv=
0.87f y A sv d
Vus

0.87 415 2 50 600

367
3
59 10

Two legged #8 stirrups are provided at 300

mm c/c (equal to maximum spacing)

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Dr. G.S.Suresh
Civil Engineering Department
The National Institute of Engineering
Mysore-570 008
Mob: 9342188467

Email: gss_nie@yahoo.com
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