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ANTITUSIVE
Antitusivele sunt medicamente care diminu sau suprim tusea, acionnd la nivelul centrului
bulbar al tusei sau asupra altor verigi ale arcului reflex al tusei.
Antitusivele acioneaz pe tusea iritativ, spasmodic, convulsiv.
DCI, Specialiti
Posologie
* CODEINA
Sp Codeina fosfat cpr 15 mg (Lph, Sintofarm)
Nurofen plus cpr filmate (Ibuprofen 200mg +
Codeina 12,8mg)
Solpadeine cpr, cpr eff (Paracetamol 500mg +
Cafeina 30mg + Codeina 8 mg)
* DEXTROMETORFAN
Sp Tussin cpr 10 mg
Tussin forte cpr 20 mg
Robitussin sirop copii 3,75 mg/5ml Junior
adulti 7,5 mg/5ml Antitussicum
Rofedex sirop 15 mg/5ml
Humex sirop copii 5mg/5ml
adulti 6,65mg/5ml
* OXELADINA
Sp Paxeladien sirop 0,2%, cps 40 mg
Adulti 3 x 1 cps/zi
Copii
2 - 6ani 2-3 x 1 lingurita/zi
6 - 12 ani 3-4 x 1 lingurita/zi
12-15 ani 4-6 x 1 lingurita/zi
Copii
30 luni -6ani 3 x 1 lingurita/zi
6-10 ani 4 x 1 lingurita/zi
10-15 ani 4-5 x 1 lingurita/zi
BUTAMIRAT
Sp Stoptussin (+ Guaifenezina) picaturi
Sinecod solutie
Adult 3 x 40 picaturi/zi
Copii 3 x 14-25 picaturi/zi
EXPECTORANTE
Expectorantele acioneaz pe tusea productiv, cu sput.
Tusea expectorant are episoade expiratorii rapide i explosive avnd ca rezultat expulzarea
materiilor aflate pe cile respiratorii (exudat, puroi, snge). Tusea este un act reflex i dac exist
secreii ea nu trebuie mpiedicat.
Expectorantele produc fluidificarea sputei prin:
- mrirea secreiei glandelor bronice ;
- modificarea proprietilor fizico chimice ale secreiei vscoase ;
- stimularea mecanismelor de eliminare a sputei (micrile cililor, peristaltismul bronhiilor)
Expectorantele se clasific n :
1. Secretostimulante care cresc i fluidific secreia traheobronic, favoriznd eliminarea ei;
2. Bronhosecretolitice care fluidific secreia traheobronic i favorizeaz eliminarea ei.
1. SECRETOSTIMULANTE (cresc i fluidifica secreia traheobronic, favoriznd eliminarea ei)
DCI, Specialiti
Posologie
GUAIFENEZINA
Sp Stoptussin (+Butamirat) picaturi
Robitussin expectorant sirop 100mg/5ml
Coldrex junior sirop
Adult 3 x 40 picaturi/zi
Copii 3 x 14-25 picaturi/zi
Sirop copii 3x 5 ml/zi
Aduli 3 x 15 ml/zi
CLORURA DE AMONIU
Sp Sirop expectorant (+ Sirop pectoral)
Posologie
*ACETILCISTEINA
Adulti 3 x 200 mg/zi, 7 zile
Sp Acetilcisteina cps 200 mg
Copii 2-4 x 100 mg/zi
ACC plic 100mg, 200 mg
cps 200 mg
cpr eff 200 mg, 600 mg
inj 300mg/3ml
susp 100mg/5ml
Fluimucil plic 100mg, 200 mg,
cpr eff 600 mg
inj 300mg/3ml,
sol. Oral 2%
Mucovim cps 200 mg , plic 100 mg
*BROMHEXIN
Sp Bromhexin cpr 8mg, 12 mg, sol 0,2 %
*AMBROXOL
Adulti 3 x 1 cpr/zi
Sp Ambroxol cpr 30 mg, picaturi, sirop 15mg/5ml Copii 3 x 5-15 mg/zi
Ambrohexal cpr 30 mg
Mucosolvan cpr 30 mg, sirop copii 15mg/5ml si
adulti 30mg/5ml
Mucosin cu miere 15mg/5ml
Flavamed sirop 15 mg/5ml si cpr 30 mg
*FENSPIRIDA
Sp Eurespal sirop 2mg/5ml si cpr 80 mg
*CARBOCISTEINA
Sp: Carbocisteina sirop 250mg/5ml
Humex sirop copii 2% si adulti 5%
Rhinathiol sirop copii 2% si adulti 5%
Adulti 3 x 1 lingura/zi
Copii <2 ani 2 x 1 lingurita/zi
2-5 ani 2 x 1 lingurita/zi
> 5 ani 3 x 1 lingurita/zi
*ERDOSTEINA
Sp Erdomed susp 175mg/5ml
cps 300 mg
Adulti 3 x 50 picaturi/zi
Copii <6 ani 3 x 15 picaturi/zi
>6 ani 3 x 25 picaturi/zi
Sp Sirop plantusin
(Muguri de pin, scai vnt, ptlagin, flori de tei,
cimbrior, vitamina C)
3-4 lingurite/zi
ANTIASMATICE
Definiie: Antiasmaticele sunt medicamente care reduc intensitatea i frecvena crizelor de astm
bronic.
Noiuni de fiziopatologie:
Astmul bronic este o boal inflamatorie a cilor respiratorii, cu caracter cronic, care se
manifest periodic prin crize de dispnee expiratorie, cu senzaia de sufocare.
O criz de astm se caracterizeaz prin :
- bronhospasm ;
- hipersecreie bronic vscoas, aderent, obstructiv ;
- inflamaia i edemul mucoasei .
Manifestrile clinice ale obstruciei cronice sau ale crizei de astm sunt:
- tusea ;
- weezing ul (uierturi) ;
- bradipnee ;
- torace blocat n inspiraie .
Bronhospasmul se poate declana la diferii stimuli :
- specifici : alergeni (polen, medicamente) ;
- nespecifici : praf, gaze, vapori, efort, frig, fum, microbi, stres.
Clasificarea antiasmaticelor n funcie de mecanismele fiziopatogenice :
a.
b.
c.
d.
1. Bronhodilatatoare
Adrenomimetice : Adrenalina, Efedrina, Izoprenalina, Izoetarina, Orciprenalina, Terbutalina,
Fenoterol, Salbutamol, Pirbuterol, Reproterol, Carbuterol, Bambuterol, Salmeterol, Clenbuterol,
Formoterol ;
Parasimpatolitice : Atropina, Ipratropium, Oxitropium, Tiotropium ;
Musculotrope : Teofilina, Aminofilina ;
Antileukotriene : Montelukast, Zafirlukast., Pranlukast, Zileuton .
2. Inhibitoare ale granulrii mastocitelor : Acid cromoglicic, Nedocromil, Ketotifen .
3. Antiinflamatoare :
1.BRONHODILATATOARE
BRONHODILATATOARE ADRENOMIMETICE
DCI, Specialiti
Posologie
GEN III
*SALBUTAMOL
Sp Salbutamol sirop 2mg/5ml, cpr 4 mg
Ventolin sirop 2mg/5ml, spray 100 g/puf, sol pt
aerosol 0,5mg/ml
*SALMETEROL
2 x 1 puf/zi
Sp Seretide (conine salmeterol/fluticazon si este
de mai multe concentraii 25/50 ; 50/100 ;
50/250 ; 50/500 )
FENOTEROL
Sp Berotec 100 g /puf
2 x 1puf/zi
BRONHODILATATOARE PARASIMPATOLITICE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
IPRATROPIUM
Sp Ipravent 20 g /puf
BRONHODILATATOARE MUSCULOTROPE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
*TEOFILINA
Sp Teotard cps 200mg, 350 mg
*AMINOFILINA
Sp Aminofilina cpr 100 mg
Miofilin cps 100 mg, fiole 24mg/ml
Adulti 2 x 1 cpr/zi
Copii 2 x 1 cpr/zi
BRONHODILATATOARE ANTILEUCOTRIENE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
*MONTELUKAST
Sp Singulair plic/cpr 4 mg, cpr 5mg, 10mg
Solok cpr 4mg, 5 mg, 10 mg
Montelukast (Teva, Actavis) cpr 4mg, 5mg, 10mg
Spirokast cpr 4mg, 5mg
Monkasta cpr 4mg, 5 mg, 10 mg
Astmasan cpr 4mg, 5mg, 10mg
Stangen cpr 4mg, 5mg, 10mg
Vizendo cpr 5 mg, 10 mg
Monart cpr 4mg, 5mg, 10mg
Posologie
*KETOTIFEN
Sp Ketotifen cpr 1 mg
Ketof cps 1mg, sirop 1mg/5ml
3.ANTIINFLAMATOARE
CORTICOSTEROIZI
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
*PREDNISON
Sp Prednison cpr 5 mg
METILPREDNISOLON
Sp Medrol 4mg, 16 mg, 32 mg
Solumedrol si Lemod inj
p.o.
i.m.
i.v.
2 x 1 puf/zi
*FLUTICAZON
Sp Flixiotide spray 50,100,125,250 g/puf
Fi 0,5mg/2ml; 2mg/5ml
2 x 1 puf/zi
BUDESONID
Sp Pulmicort 200 g/puf
Frenolyn 200 g/puf sau 400 g/puf
2 x 1 puf/zi
ANTIINFLAMATOARE NESTEROIDIENE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie